CN115283267A - Microwave heating separation method based on mineral particle size identification and grading temperature setting - Google Patents
Microwave heating separation method based on mineral particle size identification and grading temperature setting Download PDFInfo
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- CN115283267A CN115283267A CN202210944361.6A CN202210944361A CN115283267A CN 115283267 A CN115283267 A CN 115283267A CN 202210944361 A CN202210944361 A CN 202210944361A CN 115283267 A CN115283267 A CN 115283267A
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- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 116
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 74
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 74
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 24
- 230000001186 cumulative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 15
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 2
- JQJCSZOEVBFDKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead zinc Chemical compound [Zn].[Pb] JQJCSZOEVBFDKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005188 flotation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007885 magnetic separation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008092 positive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001931 thermography Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
- B07B—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS BY SIEVING, SCREENING, SIFTING OR BY USING GAS CURRENTS; SEPARATING BY OTHER DRY METHODS APPLICABLE TO BULK MATERIAL, e.g. LOOSE ARTICLES FIT TO BE HANDLED LIKE BULK MATERIAL
- B07B15/00—Combinations of apparatus for separating solids from solids by dry methods applicable to bulk material, e.g. loose articles fit to be handled like bulk material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
- B07C—POSTAL SORTING; SORTING INDIVIDUAL ARTICLES, OR BULK MATERIAL FIT TO BE SORTED PIECE-MEAL, e.g. BY PICKING
- B07C5/00—Sorting according to a characteristic or feature of the articles or material being sorted, e.g. by control effected by devices which detect or measure such characteristic or feature; Sorting by manually actuated devices, e.g. switches
- B07C5/02—Measures preceding sorting, e.g. arranging articles in a stream orientating
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
- B07C—POSTAL SORTING; SORTING INDIVIDUAL ARTICLES, OR BULK MATERIAL FIT TO BE SORTED PIECE-MEAL, e.g. BY PICKING
- B07C5/00—Sorting according to a characteristic or feature of the articles or material being sorted, e.g. by control effected by devices which detect or measure such characteristic or feature; Sorting by manually actuated devices, e.g. switches
- B07C5/34—Sorting according to other particular properties
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
- B07C—POSTAL SORTING; SORTING INDIVIDUAL ARTICLES, OR BULK MATERIAL FIT TO BE SORTED PIECE-MEAL, e.g. BY PICKING
- B07C5/00—Sorting according to a characteristic or feature of the articles or material being sorted, e.g. by control effected by devices which detect or measure such characteristic or feature; Sorting by manually actuated devices, e.g. switches
- B07C5/36—Sorting apparatus characterised by the means used for distribution
- B07C5/361—Processing or control devices therefor, e.g. escort memory
Abstract
The invention relates to a microwave heating separation method based on mineral particle size identification and grading temperature setting. And screening the crushed ore to select a proper size fraction for microwave heating separation. On the basis of identifying the particle size of the suitable sorting particle size, the sorting temperature difference of different particle sizes is determined, and then sorting is carried out. The invention solves the problem of low sorting and waste-throwing rate of the conventional microwave heating ore, and can improve the waste-throwing rate by more than 15 percent under the condition of certain grade of waste-throwing products.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of mineral microwave heating and sorting processes.
Background
In the field of mineral processing, the mined ore has lower valuable metal content, the ore dressing grade is improved, the energy consumption of a dressing plant can be reduced, the production cost of ore dressing is reduced, and the purpose of early throwing can be achieved. At present, the waste disposal process in the field of mineral separation mainly comprises a heavy medium discarding process, a flotation discarding process, a magnetic separation discarding process, a microwave heating separation process and the like.
In the microwave heating separation process, the ore is mainly screened, the grade suitable for waste throwing is selected for microwave heating, the heated ore is separated according to the temperature, high-temperature minerals enter a concentrate product, and low-temperature products are waste rocks.
In the microwave heating separation process in the prior art, after the mineral particles meeting the separation conditions are heated, the separation is only carried out according to the heated temperature, and the classification and the temperature fixing are not carried out on the mineral particles of different size fractions, so that the waste throwing yield is low. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 8,820,533B 2 discloses a mineral separation method, which is based on thermal imaging, and performs physical separation on mineral particles, wherein low-temperature particles are used as tailings, and high-temperature particles are used as concentrate. Experiments show that when the grade of the waste throwing product is unchanged, the temperature difference for sorting the minerals with small particle sizes is low, and the temperature difference for sorting the minerals with large particle sizes is high. When the separation is carried out according to the method, in order to ensure the grade of the tailings, part of coarse-grained tailings enter a concentrate product, so that the separation waste throwing rate is low.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a microwave heating separation method based on mineral particle size identification and grading constant temperature, and the purpose of improving the waste throwing rate of tailings under the condition of unchanged grade of the tailings is realized by determining separation temperature difference of different particle sizes.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a microwave heating separation method based on mineral particle size identification and grading constant temperature is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) Screening mineral particles with the particle size of 5-50mm, wherein each 1-3mm is a particle size range, and dividing the ore into different size fractions;
(2) Respectively carrying out microwave heating on each size fraction group of ores;
(3) Respectively reading the highest temperature of the surfaces of the mineral particles of different size fractions after microwave heating by using an infrared thermometer, and analyzing the lowest temperature of the mineral particles in each size fraction; in each size fraction group, the difference value of the highest surface temperature of the non-lowest temperature particles and the highest surface temperature of the lowest temperature particles is a temperature difference; selecting the corresponding temperature difference with the cumulative yield of 75% (+/-2%), averagely dividing the mineral particles in the temperature difference range into N (N is more than or equal to 5) products according to the isothermal difference, respectively marking the products as a sample 1 to a sample N, and marking the rest products as (N + 1) th products as a sample (N + 1); counting the mineral yield accumulation curves with different temperature differences in each size fraction;
(4) Determining the sorting temperature difference of different size fractions: respectively counting the yield of samples 1 to (N + 1) in different size fraction groups, and testing the gold grade of different samples; drawing a coordinate graph by taking the temperature difference as an abscissa and the accumulated gold grade of the discarded products as an ordinate; determining a sorting temperature difference according to the coordinate graph by an interpolation method;
(5) Identifying the particle size of the mineral particles by using computer software: after the ore mixing heating to different size fraction group, select separately according to different size fraction group sorting temperature differences: the mineral particles with the temperature difference higher than the separation temperature difference are concentrate, and the mineral particles with the temperature difference not higher than the separation temperature difference are tailings.
Preferably, 5-30mm is taken as 5-50mm in step (1).
Preferably, 1-2mm is taken as 1-3mm in step (1).
Preferably, the microwave frequency is 915 MHz or 2450MHz, the microwave heating power is 10kW-200kW, and the heating time is 5 seconds-120 seconds.
The invention has the positive effects that: according to the method, on the basis of identifying the particle size of the ore subjected to microwave heating, the minerals of different particle sizes are graded and subjected to constant temperature, so that the microwave heating separation waste throwing rate is improved, and the aims of reducing the treatment capacity of a ball mill of a concentrating mill and reducing the concentrating energy consumption are fulfilled.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a line graph showing the cumulative yield of mineral particles with different temperature differences of 5-7mm size fraction in the first embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a line graph showing the difference in the temperature of 5-7mm size fraction and the accumulated gold grade of discarded products in the first embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 3 is a line graph showing the cumulative yield of mineral particles having different particle sizes of 5-7mm according to the second embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 4 is a line graph showing the difference in the grade between 5 and 7mm and the accumulated gold grade of the discarded products in the second embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to examples and comparative examples.
Example one
The first step is as follows: crushing and screening the gold ore, taking mineral particles with the particle size of 5-15mm for microwave heating separation, feeding the mineral particles with the particle size of less than 5mm into an ore grinding operation, and returning the mineral particles with the particle size of more than 15mm to a crushing system to form closed crushing.
The second step is that: and (3) screening a mineral sample with the particle size of 5-15mm, wherein the mineral sample is divided into five size fractions, namely, the particle size of 5mm or more and less than 7mm, the particle size of 7mm or more and less than 9mm, the particle size of 9mm or more and less than 11mm, the particle size of 11mm or more and less than 13mm, and the particle size of 13mm or more and less than 15mm, wherein 2000 mineral particles in each size fraction are used for determining the sorting temperature difference, the 2000 particles are used for carrying out the third step to the fifth step, and all particles meeting the condition of 5-15mm are used for sorting in the sixth step.
The third step: and (3) carrying out microwave heating on five ores with different size fractions, wherein the microwave frequency is 2450MHz, the microwave heating power is 30kW, and the heating time is 30 seconds. The same microwave frequency, heating power and heating time were used for the five size fraction groups.
The fourth step: and respectively reading the highest temperature of the surfaces of the mineral particles in the five different size fractions after microwave heating by using an infrared thermometer, and analyzing the lowest temperature of the mineral particles in each size fraction. In each size fraction group, the difference between the highest surface temperature of the non-lowest temperature particles and the lowest temperature particles is the temperature difference. Selecting the corresponding temperature difference with the cumulative yield of 75% (+ -2), and averagely dividing the mineral particles in the temperature difference range into 5 parts of products according to the isothermal difference, wherein the rest products are the 6 th product. And (4) counting the cumulative curves of the mineral yield with different temperature differences in each size fraction group.
For example, the maximum temperature difference in the 5-7mm size fraction is 9.8 ℃ and the cumulative yield versus temperature difference is shown in Table 1. The cumulative yield of mineral particles varying with different temperature differences is shown in figure 1.
Table 1:5-7mm mineral particle different temperature difference accumulated yield meter
| Temperature difference/. Degree.C | 0.5 | 1.0 | 1.5 | 2.0 | 2.5 | 9.8 |
| Cumulative yield/%) | 13.57 | 34.43 | 53.68 | 65.32 | 75.06 | 100.00 |
As can be seen from Table 1 and FIG. 1, the cumulative discard yield reached 75.06% (obviously not possible to discard as much) when the temperature difference was 2.5 ℃. In order to ensure that the gold grade in the discarded product meets the requirement, the mineral particles with the temperature difference not higher than 2.5 ℃ are divided into 5 products according to the isothermal condition. The temperature difference is not higher than 0.5 ℃ is taken as a sample 1, the temperature difference between more than 0.5 ℃ and less than 1.0 ℃ is taken as a sample 2, the temperature difference between more than 1.0 ℃ and less than 1.5 ℃ is taken as a sample 3, the temperature difference between more than 1.5 ℃ and less than 2.0 ℃ is taken as a sample 4, the temperature difference between more than 2.0 ℃ and less than 2.5 ℃ is taken as a sample 5, and the temperature difference between more than 2.5 ℃ and less than 9.8 ℃ is taken as a sample 6.
The fifth step: and determining the sorting temperature difference of different size fractions. (it is shown that in the microwave heating separation, under the condition of a certain grade of the waste throwing product, the temperature difference between the ore concentrate with small particle size and the tailings is low, and the temperature difference between the ore concentrate with large particle size and the tailings is high. Respectively counting the yield of samples 1 to 6 in different size fractions and testing the gold grade of different samples. For example, the yield and grade of samples with different temperature differences in the 5-7mm size fraction group are shown in Table 2.
Table 2: analysis results of samples with different temperature differences of 5-7mm
| Sample name | Yield/%) | Gold grade/(g.t) -1 ） | Accumulated gold grade/(g.t) -1 ） |
| Sample No. 1 | 13.57 | 0.13 | 0.13 |
| | 20.86 | 0.15 | 0.14 |
| | 19.25 | 0.26 | 0.18 |
| Sample No. 4 | 11.64 | 0.54 | 0.25 |
| Sample No. 5 | 9.74 | 1.98 | 0.47 |
| Sample No. 6 | 24.94 | 2.77 | 1.05 |
| Total up to | 100.00 | 1.05 |
Description 1: in table 2, the relationship between gold grade and cumulative gold grade: 0.13g/t is the grade of sample 1, 0.15g/t is the grade of sample 2, 0.14g/t is the cumulative grade of sample 1 and sample 2, and the same other principles are applied to the same scale as above)
Description 2: in table 2, yield × gold grade = amount of metals in samples, one amount of metals per sample, the sum of the amount of metals 1 to 6 is the total amount of metals, and the total amount of metals is divided by the total yield (100) to obtain the total grade of the sample.
A coordinate graph is drawn by taking the temperature difference as an abscissa and the accumulated gold grade of the discarded products as an ordinate, and is shown in figure 2.
The accumulated gold grade of the discarded products is determined to be 0.15g/t according to the gold grade of tailings in production. When the accumulated gold grade of the discarded products is 0.15g/t, the sorting temperature difference is determined to be 1.1 ℃ by an interpolation method according to the graph 2.
Following the same procedure, all size fraction sorting temperature differences were obtained as shown in table 3.
Table 3: sorting temperature difference of ore with different size grades when waste gold throwing grade is 0.15g/t
| Size fraction/mm | The particle diameter is more than or equal to 5 and less than or equal to 7 | The particle size is more than 7 and less than or equal to 9 | The grain diameter is more than 9 and less than or equal to 11 | The particle size is more than 11 and less than or equal to 13 | Particle size of 13 < 15 |
| Sorting temperature differential/deg.C | 1.1 | 1.3 | 1.7 | 2.3 | 3.0 |
And a sixth step: identifying the particle size of the mineral particles by using computer software: and mixing and heating ores of different size fractions, and then sorting according to sorting temperature difference of different size fractions. Such as: mineral particles with the particle size of not less than 5mm and not more than 7mm are sorted according to the sorting temperature difference of 1.1 ℃, the mineral particles with the temperature difference of more than 1.1 ℃ are concentrate, and the mineral particles with the temperature difference of not more than 1.1 ℃ are tailings. Other size fraction sorting methods are the same as the size fraction.
When a certain gold ore is discarded according to the sorting method of the embodiment, the operation discarding rate is 63.22% when the gold grade of the tailings is 0.15g/t.
Comparative example 1
This comparative example is a comparative test of example one, and differs from the operation of example one in that the differential temperature determination for the classification of different size fractions of the fifth step was not performed, and the identification of the mineral particle size of the sixth step was not performed. When the gold grade of the tailings is 0.15g/t, the operation waste throwing rate is 42.15%, and the waste throwing rate is 21.07% lower than that of the first embodiment.
Example two
The first step is as follows: crushing and screening underground mined lead-zinc ore, taking 5-15mm mineral particles, carrying out microwave heating, enabling the mineral particles with the particle size of less than 5mm to enter ore grinding operation, and enabling the mineral particles with the particle size of more than 15mm to return to a crushing system to form closed crushing.
The second step: and (3) screening a mineral sample with the particle size of 5-15mm, wherein the mineral sample is divided into five size fractions, namely, the particle size of 5mm or more and 7mm or less, the particle size of 7mm or more and 9mm or less, the particle size of 9mm or more and 11mm or less, the particle size of 11mm or more and 13mm or less, and the particle size of 13mm or more and 15mm or less, and each size fraction mineral particle is 2000.
The third step: and (3) carrying out microwave heating on five ores with different size fractions, wherein the microwave frequency is 2450MHz, the microwave heating power is 30kW, and the heating time is 40 seconds. The same microwave frequency, heating power and heating time were used for the five fractions.
The fourth step: and respectively reading the highest temperature of the surfaces of the mineral particles in the five different size fractions after microwave heating by using an infrared thermometer, and analyzing the lowest temperature of the mineral particles in each size fraction. In each size fraction group, the difference between the highest surface temperature of the non-coldest particles and the lowest surface temperature of the coldest particles is the temperature difference. Selecting the corresponding temperature difference with the cumulative yield of 75% (+ -2), and averagely dividing the mineral particles in the temperature difference range into 5 parts of products according to the isothermal difference, wherein the rest products are the 6 th product. And (4) counting the cumulative curves of the mineral yield with different temperature differences in each size fraction.
For example, the maximum temperature difference after heating in the 5-7mm size fraction group was 75.8 ℃ and the cumulative yield was related to the temperature difference as shown in Table 4. The cumulative yield of mineral particles varying with different temperature differences is shown in figure 3.
Table 4:5-7mm mineral particle different temperature difference accumulated yield table
| Temperature difference/. | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 75.8 |
| Cumulative yield/%) | 10.69 | 31.55 | 49.88 | 63.52 | 73.66 | 100.00 |
As can be seen from Table 4 and FIG. 3, the cumulative discard yield reached 73.66% when the temperature difference was 5.0 deg.C (it is clearly impossible to discard that much). In order to ensure that the gold grade in the discarded product meets the requirement, the mineral particles with the temperature difference not higher than 5.0 ℃ are divided into 5 products according to the isothermal condition. The temperature difference is not higher than 1.0 ℃ is taken as a sample 1, the temperature difference between more than 1.0 ℃ and less than 2.0 ℃ is taken as a sample 2, the temperature difference between more than 2.0 ℃ and less than 3.0 ℃ is taken as a sample 3, the temperature difference between more than 3.0 ℃ and less than 4.0 ℃ is taken as a sample 4, the temperature difference between more than 4.0 ℃ and less than 5.0 ℃ is taken as a sample 5, and the temperature difference between more than 5.0 ℃ and less than 75.8 ℃ is taken as a sample 6.
The fifth step: and determining the sorting temperature difference of different size fractions. Respectively counting the yield of samples 1 to 6 in different size fraction groups and testing the gold grade of different samples. For example, the yields and grades of samples with different temperature differences in the 5-7mm size fraction are shown in Table 5.
TABLE 5 analysis results of different sorting temperature difference samples
| Sample name | Yield/%) | Lead + zinc grade/% | Cumulative grade/% |
| Sample No. 1 | 10.69 | 0.12 | 0.12 |
| | 20.86 | 0.15 | 0.14 |
| | 18.33 | 0.24 | 0.18 |
| | 13.64 | 0.89 | 0.33 |
| Sample No. 5 | 10.14 | 3.35 | 0.75 |
| Sample No. 6 | 26.34 | 5.77 | 2.07 |
| Total up to | 100.00 | 2.07 |
When the grade (lead and zinc) of the waste throwing product is 0.20 percent, determining the sorting temperature difference to be 3.1 ℃ by adopting an interpolation method according to the figure 4. Similarly, the sorting temperature differences for the other different size fractions are shown in table 6.
TABLE 6 sorting temperature differences for different size fractions of ores at 0.20% reject grade
| Size fraction/mm | The particle diameter is more than or equal to 5 and less than or equal to 7 | The grain diameter is more than 7 and less than or equal to 9 | The grain diameter is more than 9 and less than or equal to 11 | The particle size is more than 11 and less than or equal to 13 | Particle size of 13 < 15 |
| Sorting temperature differential/deg.C | 3.1 | 3.4 | 4.0 | 4.8 | 6.0 |
And a sixth step: and identifying the mineral particles in production by using computer software, and then sorting. Mineral particles with the particle size of 5-7mm are sorted according to the sorting temperature difference of 3.1 ℃, the mineral particles with the temperature difference higher than 3.1 ℃ are concentrate, the mineral particles with the temperature difference not higher than 3.1 ℃ are tailings, and the sorting methods of other particle sizes are the same as those of the particle size. When a certain lead-zinc ore is discarded according to the sorting method of the embodiment, the operation discarding rate is 33.56% when the tailing grade (lead + zinc) is 0.20%.
Comparative example No. two
This comparative example is a comparative test of example two, and differs from the operation of example two in that the differential temperature determination for the different size fractions of the fifth step was not performed, and the identification of the mineral particle size of the sixth step was not performed. When the grade of the tailings (lead and zinc) is 0.20%, the operation waste throwing rate is 33.56%, and the waste throwing rate is 16.73% lower than that of the second embodiment.
Claims (4)
1. A microwave heating separation method based on mineral particle size identification and grading constant temperature is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) Screening mineral particles with the particle size of 5-50mm, wherein each 1-3mm is a particle size range, and dividing the ore into different size fractions;
(2) Respectively carrying out microwave heating on each size fraction group of ores;
(3) Respectively reading the highest temperature of the surfaces of the mineral particles of different size fractions after microwave heating by using an infrared thermometer, and analyzing the lowest temperature of the mineral particles in each size fraction; in each size fraction group, the difference value of the highest surface temperature of the non-lowest temperature particles and the highest surface temperature of the lowest temperature particles is a temperature difference; selecting the corresponding temperature difference with the cumulative yield of 75% (+/-2%), averagely dividing the mineral particles in the temperature difference range into N (N is more than or equal to 5) products according to the isothermal difference, respectively marking the products as a sample 1 to a sample N, and marking the rest products as (N + 1) th products as a sample (N + 1); counting the cumulative curves of mineral yield with different temperature differences in each size fraction;
(4) Determining the sorting temperature difference of different size fractions: respectively counting samples 1 to (N + 1) in different size fractions
The yield of the test sample is determined, and the gold grades of different samples are tested; drawing a coordinate graph by taking the temperature difference as an abscissa and the accumulated gold grade of the discarded products as an ordinate; determining the sorting temperature difference according to the coordinate graph by adopting an interpolation method;
(5) Identifying the particle size of the mineral particles by using computer software: mixing ores of different size fractions
After heating, sorting according to the sorting temperature difference of different size fractions: the mineral particles with the temperature difference higher than the separation temperature difference are concentrate, and the mineral particles with the temperature difference not higher than the separation temperature difference are tailings.
2. The microwave heating separation method based on mineral particle size identification and grading temperature setting as claimed in claim 1, wherein: taking 5-30mm from 5-50mm in the step (1).
3. The microwave heating separation method based on mineral particle size identification and grading temperature setting as claimed in claim 1, wherein: taking 1-2mm from 1-3mm in the step (1).
4. The microwave heating separation method based on mineral particle size identification and grading constant temperature according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that: the microwave frequency is 915 MHz or 2450MHz, the microwave heating power is 10kW-200kW, and the heating time is 5 seconds-120 seconds.
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