CN115669532A - Cultivation method of safflower flowering cabbage - Google Patents
Cultivation method of safflower flowering cabbage Download PDFInfo
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- CN115669532A CN115669532A CN202211309850.0A CN202211309850A CN115669532A CN 115669532 A CN115669532 A CN 115669532A CN 202211309850 A CN202211309850 A CN 202211309850A CN 115669532 A CN115669532 A CN 115669532A
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- 244000020518 Carthamus tinctorius Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 60
- 235000003255 Carthamus tinctorius Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- 238000012364 cultivation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 235000003899 Brassica oleracea var acephala Nutrition 0.000 title description 6
- 244000128884 Zier Kohl Species 0.000 title description 6
- 230000017260 vegetative to reproductive phase transition of meristem Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 85
- 238000009396 hybridization Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 38
- 241000499436 Brassica rapa subsp. pekinensis Species 0.000 claims description 36
- 235000010149 Brassica rapa subsp chinensis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 35
- 235000000536 Brassica rapa subsp pekinensis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 35
- 241000756137 Hemerocallis Species 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000010152 pollination Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000009508 confectionery Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000877 morphologic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
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- 241000219321 Caryophyllaceae Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000002845 Dianthus plumarius Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000003976 plant breeding Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000002068 genetic effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 4
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 241000219198 Brassica Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000011331 Brassica Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000005637 Brassica campestris Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 241001301148 Brassica rapa subsp. oleifera Species 0.000 description 2
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 235000011301 Brassica oleracea var capitata Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- 241000219193 Brassicaceae Species 0.000 description 1
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- 235000004280 healthy diet Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention discloses a cultivation method of a safflower young Chinese flowering stalk, which belongs to the field of plant breeding, and is characterized in that the cultivation method of the safflower young Chinese flowering stalk provided by the invention utilizes the hybridization, backcross and selfing of safflower rape and yellow flower young Chinese flowering stalk to finally cultivate the young Chinese flowering stalk with red flower character, the cultivated red flower young Chinese flowering stalk has ornamental value and edible value, and the cultivation method can be applied to the cultivation of young Chinese flowering stalks of other colors, and has wide application prospect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of plant breeding, in particular to a cultivation method of a safflower bolting.
Background
The brassica campestris is called as heart, tip and potherb mustard, belongs to brassica of brassicaceae and is a brassica variety of non-heading Chinese cabbage subspecies, and the edible organs are flowering stems and attached flowering leaves, so that the brassica campestris is a special vegetable native to China, is widely planted in southern areas, can be cultivated all the year round and is one of the favorite vegetables of people. In the long-term cultivation process, some local product populations special for producing the flowering Chinese cabbage products are formed, such as Hubei red flowering Chinese cabbage, guangdong flowering Chinese cabbage and the like. At the present stage, most of the cultivation of the bolting varieties is focused on the edible value, and few researches try to develop the ornamental value.
Creative agriculture originates from the later stage of the 90 th generation of the 20 th century, and sightseeing agriculture, leisure agriculture, delicate agriculture and ecological agriculture are developed successively due to the innovative development of agricultural technology and the development of agricultural functions. Through the organic integration of creative agriculture, tourism and entertainment, the added value of the agriculture is greatly improved, and meanwhile, a new development direction is developed for the tourism industry, so that the novel environment-friendly tourism platform becomes a popular tourism form at present. The rape flower ornamental in spring is very popular with people, and provides a good way for releasing pressure and entertaining after people work. The flower color is one of the important traits of the rape, is slightly influenced by the environment, has stable heredity and intuitive phenotype, and is used as a marker trait in breeding. In recent years, with the increasing popularity of rape flowers in Wuyuan, hanzhong Shaanxi, roping Yunnan, hubei Jingzhou and other places in Jiangxi province, the flower color breeding of the rape flowers gradually becomes an important direction for the seed selection of rape varieties, and colored rape flowers come out successively. However, the rape needs to be vernalized at low temperature and long day for bolting, so that the ornamental period is short, the bolting can bloom all the year round, and the cultivation technology is simple and easy to operate. Therefore, the method creates a colorful flower and vegetable seed resource with long flowering phase and strong ornamental property through distant hybridization, fills the gap of rape flower ornamental phase, and has good practical significance. Meanwhile, the colorful flowering Chinese cabbage has the edible value of the flowering Chinese cabbage while realizing the ornamental value, and the colorful flowering Chinese cabbage has higher nutritional quality compared with the popular flowering Chinese cabbage in the market, meets the requirements of people on healthy diet at present, and has wide application prospect.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problem of cultivating the color flower and vegetable bolt germplasm resource which is edible, long in flowering phase and strong in ornamental property.
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a cultivation method of a safflower young Chinese flowering cabbage, the invention takes safflower rape and yellow flower young Chinese flowering cabbage as parents, and the cultivation method of the young Chinese flowering cabbage with red flower color comprises the following steps:
step 1: hybridizing the safflower rape P1 with the daylily flower bolt P2 to obtain a first-filial generation seed F1;
step 2: sowing the first-filial generation seeds F1, selecting a single safflower plant, and backcrossing the single safflower plant with the daylily flower bolt P2 to obtain first-backcrossed generation seeds BC1;
and 3, step 3: sowing backcross first-generation seeds BC1, selecting a single safflower plant, and backcrossing the single safflower plant with the flowering Chinese cabbage stems P2 to obtain second-generation backcross seeds BC2;
and step 3: sowing backcross second-generation seeds BC2, selecting single plants with safflower and other properties similar to those of the daylily flower bolt P2, and carrying out continuous backcross and screening on the single plants and the daylily flower bolt P2 to obtain backcross six-generation seeds 8230and BC6;
and 4, step 4: and (4) sowing BC6, and carrying out four-time continuous selfing and screening on the single plants of the safflower and the other characters of the single plants close to the P2 of the daylily flower bolt to obtain BC6S4, namely the germplasm resource of the daylily flower bolt.
The method comprises the steps of selfing the stable genetic red rape serving as a female parent with a yellow flower flowering Chinese cabbage selfing line to obtain a safflower F1 plant, backcrossing the yellow flower flowering Chinese cabbage selfing line serving as a male parent, selecting the safflower plant by combining field identification, carrying out continuous backcrossing on the safflower plant with the yellow flower flowering Chinese cabbage selfing line to obtain a flowering Chinese cabbage backcrossed plant with a red flower color, and carrying out continuous selfing to obtain the stable genetic red flower flowering Chinese cabbage. The parent safflower rape can provide safflower genes, the daylily flower shoots can ensure that the first filial generation is in the shape of the flower shoots but not in the shape of rape, the distant hybridization of the safflower rape and the daylily flower shoots can ensure that the flower shoots obtain red genes, and then the first filial generation of the red flower character flower shoots appears, the first filial generation of the red flower character flower shoots is backcrossed with the daylily flower shoots, so that the character expression of the later-generation flower shoots can be enhanced, meanwhile, the red flower characters are manually selected to ensure that the safflower genes are retained, after continuous backcrossing, the characters of backcrossed filial generations are infinitely close to the flower shoots, continuous selfing can be carried out to carry out character purification on the safflower flower shoots, and further, the genetic stable germplasm of the safflower flower shoots is obtained.
Further, the cultivated flowering red flower germplasm resource has the following characteristics: the taste is crisp and sweet, the plant type is semi-vertical, the plant height before flowering is 40-50 cm, the plant spoke is 35-45 cm, and the plant height at the end flowering period is 100-120 cm; the leaves are oval, the leaves are green and glossy, the flower stalks are green or green with pinks, the petals belong to a red system and a general inflorescence, and the later flower quantity is greater than that of the parent day lily flower stalks; seeding to the initial flowering stage for 50-60 days, and the ornamental period for 30-35 days.
Compared with the traditional day flower flowering Chinese cabbage, the cultivated safflower flowering Chinese cabbage has the shape characteristics of the flowering Chinese cabbage, has the safflower character of the safflower rape, is large in flower quantity, fast in growth and long in flower period, and has an edible value and an ornamental value.
Preferably, the safflower rape is sourced from agricultural courtyard of Sichuan province, and the yellow flower flowering Chinese cabbage is a local variety in Guangdong province and connected with State City.
Preferably, the morphological characteristics of said safflower rape P1 are: the plant type is semi-vertical, the plant type is evenly grown and branched, and the plant height at the end flowering period is 160-180 cm; the leaves are light green and have wax powder, and the petals are dark red; sowing till the initial flowering stage is 160-170 days, and the flowering stage is about 30 days.
Preferably, the morphology characteristics of the daylily flower bolt P2 are as follows: the plant type is semi-upright, and the height of the plant before blooming is 25-30 cm; the leaves are narrow and oval, the color of the leaves is medium green and glossy, the color of the flower shoots is dark green and glossy, and the color of the petals is yellow; sowing the seeds till the initial flowering phase lasts for 40-45 days, and the flowering phase lasts for about 35 days.
Furthermore, the screening standard of the flowering Chinese red cabbage also comprises the following characteristics: the diameter of the stem is 2-3 cm, and the width of the leaf is 8-10 cm.
Preferably, the hybridization mode of the parent safflower rape and the daylily flower bolt is artificial pollination.
The invention has the beneficial effects and the innovation points that: the cultivation method of the safflower flowering Chinese cabbage provided by the invention takes the local varieties of the flowering Chinese cabbage and the safflower rape of Sichuan province in the Guangdong province and the connection state city as parents, breaks the geographical isolation between the two species, enables the safflower gene of the safflower rape to be expressed and stably inherited in the flowering Chinese cabbage, further improves the observability of the flowering Chinese cabbage, has practical significance for filling up the blank of ornamental period of the rape flowers, and has higher nutritional value compared with the flowering Chinese cabbage on the market by following the rule that the color is from deep to light according to the nutritional value of the crops from high to low.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for cultivating a safflower bolting in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a photograph 1 of a whole plant of a flower sprout of Carthamus tinctorius cultivated according to the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a photograph 2 of the entire flower of the flowering Chinese flowering cabbage cultivated in the embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, specific embodiments thereof are described in detail below. It should be noted that the following examples are only used to illustrate the implementation method and typical parameters of the present invention, and are not used to limit the scope of the parameters of the present invention, so that reasonable variations can be made and still fall within the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.
It is noted that the endpoints of the ranges and any values disclosed herein are not limited to the precise range or value, and that such ranges or values are understood to encompass values close to those ranges or values. For numerical ranges, each range between its endpoints and individual point values, and each individual point value can be combined with each other to give one or more new numerical ranges, and such numerical ranges should be construed as specifically disclosed herein.
As described in the background art, most of the cultivation of the bolting species at the present stage is focused on the edible value, and few researches attempt to discover the ornamental value. The embodiment of the invention provides a method for cultivating red flowering rape stems, which is characterized in that the red flowering rape stems and the day flowering rape stems are hybridized, backcrossed and selfed to finally cultivate the flowering rape with red flower characters, and the cultivated red flowering rape stems have ornamental and edible values and can be applied to cultivation of other flowering rape stems, so that the application prospect is wide.
The specific implementation mode of the invention is as follows:
in 2017, in spring, a conventional variety Y7 of the safflower rape is selected as a female parent, a flowering Chinese cabbage inbred line X6 is selected as a male parent to carry out hybridization, artificial bud-stage pollination is carried out, the safflower rape is from Sichuan academy of agricultural sciences, and the yellow flower flowering Chinese cabbage is a local variety in Guangdong province. Bagging the male parent one day before blooming, taking pollen on the day of blooming, stripping buds of the female parent in the bud period, smearing fresh pollen of the male parent on bud stigma of the female parent, removing buds at the top end of inflorescence, marking, and bagging and isolating. And obtaining seeds after the pollinated flower buds are subjected to pod setting and mature, namely F1 generation seeds.
In autumn of 2017, sowing the obtained F1 generation seeds, selecting single plants with red flower colors, backcrossing by adopting the flower bud stripping and pollination method and taking a flowering stalk inbred line X6 as a male parent, carrying out tertiary pollination, wherein the time interval of the two pollinations is three days, and removing flower buds at the top of inflorescences after the three pollinations are finished. Obtaining backcross first generation BC1 seeds;
in 2018 spring, sowing backcross generation BC1 seeds, performing field identification, selecting plants with redder flower colors and similar main characteristic characteristics to those of the male parent of the flowering Chinese cabbage as female parents, taking the selfing line X6 of the flowering Chinese cabbage as the male parent, and continuously backcrossing to obtain backcross generation BC2 seeds;
in autumn of 2018, backcross second generation BC2 seeds are sown, field identification is carried out, plants with red flower color and similar main characteristic characteristics to the male parent of the flowering Chinese cabbage are selected as female parents, the selfing line X6 of the flowering Chinese cabbage is used as the male parent for continuous backcross, and backcross six generation BC6 seeds with comprehensive properties close to that of the selfing line X6 of the flowering Chinese cabbage and red flower color are obtained in spring of 2020.
In autumn of 2020, selfing is carried out on the obtained safflower backcross six generations of BC6 plants, bagging and isolating the plants, stripping and pollinating the buds, and BC6S1 seeds are obtained after the siliques are mature;
and (3) sowing BC6S1 selfing seeds in spring of 2021, performing field identification, selecting plants with red flower color and characteristic characteristics close to those of the flowering stalk selfing line X6 for continuous selfing, and obtaining BC6S4 seeds in spring of 2022, namely the novel germplasm resource of the safflower series flowering stalk capable of being stably inherited.
In the autumn of 2022, the BC6S4 flowering Chinese cabbage plants are subjected to selfing and propagation to obtain a large number of safflower series flowering Chinese cabbage seeds with stable genetic characteristics.
The experimental results of field observation show that the germplasm resources of the safflower series flowering Chinese flowering cabbage disclosed by the invention are crisp and sweet in taste, semi-upright in plant type, 2-3 cm in stem diameter, 8-10 cm in leaf width, 40-50 cm in plant height before flowering, 35-45 cm in plant spoke and 100-120 cm in plant height at the end flowering stage; the leaves are oval, the leaves are green and glossy, the flower shoots are green and have slight wax powder, the petals belong to a red system and are in a general inflorescence, and the late-stage flower quantity is large; seeding to the initial flowering stage for 50-60 days, and the ornamental period for 30-35 days.
Although the present disclosure has been described above, the scope of the present disclosure is not limited thereto. Those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure, and such changes and modifications will fall within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A cultivation method of safflower young rape is characterized in that safflower young rape and yellow flower young rape are used as parents, and young rape with red flower color is cultivated, and the breeding method comprises the following steps:
step 1: hybridizing the safflower rape P1 with the daylily flower bolt P2 to obtain a first-filial generation seed F1;
and 2, step: sowing the first-filial generation seeds F1, selecting a single safflower plant, and carrying out backcross with the flowering Chinese cabbage stems P2 to obtain backcross first-generation seeds BC1;
and step 3: sowing backcross first-generation seeds BC1, selecting a single safflower plant, and backcrossing the single safflower plant with the daylily flower bolt P2 to obtain second-generation backcross seeds BC2;
and step 3: sowing backcross second-generation seeds BC2, selecting single plants with safflower and other properties similar to those of the daylily flower bolt P2, and carrying out continuous backcross and screening on the single plants and the daylily flower bolt P2 to obtain backcross six-generation seeds 8230and BC6;
and 4, step 4: and (3) sowing BC6, and carrying out four-time continuous selfing and screening on the single plants of the safflower with other characters similar to the P2 of the day lily flower bolt to obtain BC6S4, namely the germplasm resource of the day lily flower bolt.
2. The method for cultivating young flowering safflower plants according to claim 1, wherein said cultivated young flowering safflower plants germplasm resources have the following characteristics: the taste is crisp and sweet, the plant type is semi-vertical, the plant height before flowering is 40-50 cm, the plant spoke is 35-45 cm, and the plant height at the end flowering period is 100-120 cm; the leaves are oval, the leaves are green and glossy, the flower stalks are green or green with pinks, the petals belong to a red system and a general inflorescence, and the later flower quantity is greater than that of the parent day lily flower stalks; seeding to the initial flowering stage for 50-60 days, and the ornamental period for 30-35 days.
3. The method of cultivating a young flowering Chinese safflower seed in accordance with claim 1, wherein the young flowering Chinese rape is obtained from the academy of agricultural sciences of Sichuan province, and the young flowering Chinese cabbage is a local variety in the Lizhou city of Guangdong province.
4. The method for cultivating a safflower bolting as claimed in claim 1, wherein the morphological characteristics of the safflower rape P1 are: the plant type is semi-vertical, the plant type is evenly grown and branched, and the plant height at the end flowering period is 160-180 cm; the leaves are light green and have wax powder, and the petals are dark red; sowing till the initial flowering stage is 160-170 days, and the flowering stage is about 30 days.
5. The method for cultivating a flowering Chinese safflower vegetable bolt according to claim 1, wherein the morphological characteristics of the flowering Chinese cabbage bolt P2 are as follows: the plant type is semi-upright, and the height of the plant before blooming is 25-30 cm; the leaves are narrow and oval, the color of the leaves is medium green and glossy, the color of the flower stalks is dark green and glossy, and the color of the petals is yellow; sowing the seeds till the initial flowering phase lasts for 40-45 days, and the flowering phase lasts for about 35 days.
6. The method for cultivating a safflower bolting of claim 1, wherein the screening criteria for safflower bolting further includes the following characteristics: the diameter of the stem is 2-3 cm, and the width of the leaf is 8-10 cm.
7. The method for cultivating young flowering Chinese safflower plants according to claim 1, wherein the hybridization of the parent young flowering Chinese safflower rape and young flowering Chinese daylily plants is artificial pollination.
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Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102986523A (en) * | 2012-11-30 | 2013-03-27 | 江苏太湖地区农业科学研究所 | Breeding method of novel germplasm resource of green tender flower stalk |
| CN111183893A (en) * | 2020-01-21 | 2020-05-22 | 宁波微萌种业有限公司 | Novel breeding method of high-quality first-filial generation young Chinese flowering cabbage |
| CN112841019A (en) * | 2020-12-25 | 2021-05-28 | 湖南省蔬菜研究所 | Method for breeding new species of flowering Chinese cabbage |
| CN115211367A (en) * | 2022-09-21 | 2022-10-21 | 北京市农林科学院 | Application and method of pale yellow Chinese cabbage material in creating new color materials |
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- 2022-10-25 CN CN202211309850.0A patent/CN115669532A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102986523A (en) * | 2012-11-30 | 2013-03-27 | 江苏太湖地区农业科学研究所 | Breeding method of novel germplasm resource of green tender flower stalk |
| CN111183893A (en) * | 2020-01-21 | 2020-05-22 | 宁波微萌种业有限公司 | Novel breeding method of high-quality first-filial generation young Chinese flowering cabbage |
| CN112841019A (en) * | 2020-12-25 | 2021-05-28 | 湖南省蔬菜研究所 | Method for breeding new species of flowering Chinese cabbage |
| CN115211367A (en) * | 2022-09-21 | 2022-10-21 | 北京市农林科学院 | Application and method of pale yellow Chinese cabbage material in creating new color materials |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| 李亭亭等: ""甘蓝型油菜与红菜薹的杂种及其后代遗传变异分析"", 《植物科学学报》, vol. 29, no. 2, pages 188 - 193 * |
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