CN1156660A - 注射成型聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯的方法 - Google Patents

注射成型聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯的方法 Download PDF

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CN1156660A
CN1156660A CN96114424A CN96114424A CN1156660A CN 1156660 A CN1156660 A CN 1156660A CN 96114424 A CN96114424 A CN 96114424A CN 96114424 A CN96114424 A CN 96114424A CN 1156660 A CN1156660 A CN 1156660A
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polyethylene terephthalate
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injection moulding
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甲田英明
中岛恒
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Aoki Technical Laboratory Inc
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Abstract

本发明提供一种使用无定形聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(A-PET)作为成型材料，注射成型用于拉伸吹塑成型薄壁容器(例如瓶子)的型坯的方法，其中将所需量的结晶聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(C-PET)加入A-PET。容易地塑化该所得混合材料，以提高该成型材料的IV值至比A-PET的IV值更高的值，以便注射成型型坯。由于其低IV值很难被用作拉伸吹塑成型的成型材料A-PET，利用注射成型时的塑化，通过提高其IV值，而使其可用作拉伸吹塑成型的成型材料。

Description

注射成型聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯的方法
本发明涉及一种使用无定形聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯作为成型材料，注射成型对于拉伸吹塑成型薄壁瓶、宽口容器等等必不可少的型坯的方法。
熔融聚合乙二醇与对苯二酸或对苯二甲酸二甲酯而形成的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)是无定形(非结晶的)和透明的。由于未达到平衡湿量的PET吸收水份，当其熔融时吸湿水解，因此不能将其成型。
无定形PET的颗粒材料(以下称作“A-PET”)当加热温度高于其玻璃化转变温度(Tg)时被稍微软化就可得到熔融粘合性能。此熔融粘合性能对于颗粒材料在将其成型为型坯的过程中很难使其进入螺杆，但是，结晶PET(C-PET)在高于Tg的温度不软化，保持其硬度不能得到熔融粘合性能。
由于以上的C-PET是在高温固-相聚合A-PET得到的，因此比A-PET贵。然而，它比A-PET具有较高的IV(特性粘度)值，容易被塑化，并且比A-PET产生较少的乙醛。因此，通过拉伸吹塑成型，它被广泛用作生产容器等的成型材料。
于是本发明的发明者发明了一种注射成型方法(参阅欧洲专利公开0623466A1或日本专利申请6-99163)，通过使用一台排气式注射成型机，甚至当使用比C-PET便宜的A-PET作为成型材料时，与使用C-PET作为成型材料时能以低成本得到几乎相同的成型制品。
此注射成型方法是限制提供到排气式注射成型机加料区的颗粒成型材料的量，以保证该颗粒材料即使在它到达加料区之前的压缩区以前被软化为弹性状态也不被压缩滞留。此方法可以使用很难成型的A-PET作为成型材料制作注射成型的型坯，并取得某些效果。
然而，当用作成型材料的A-PET的IV值低时不能得到上述效果，在塑化期间很难捏合，影响注射成型型坯的密度，拉伸吹塑成型后容易产生不均匀厚度的成型制品并产生硬度的问题。这些问题可通过使用可在市场上买到的具有高IV值(例如0.72)的A-PET作为拉伸吹塑成型的A-PET材料来解决。然而具有高IV值的A-PET价格高，并且与C-PET相比在提供给螺杆或塑化方面有问题，因此，即使可在市场上买到也很难用作拉伸吹塑成型的材料。
因此本发明的一个目的是提供一种新颖的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯的注射成型方法，该方法甚至在使用价格便宜且IV值低的A-PET作为成型材料时在塑化步骤可提高该成型材料的IV值，因此克服了由于该材料IV值低而成型型坯的困难，并解决了其物理性能的问题。
要实现上述目的，本发明提供一种用A-PET作为成型材料使用排气式注射成型机注射成型薄壁容器(例如瓶子)型坯的方法，该方法包括在A-PET材料中，加入需要量的C-PET，塑化该混合材料，以提高该成型材料的IV值至比A-PET的IV值更高的值，然后注射成型型坯。
以上的C-PET可在现场混合，且其混合比根据所用A-PET和C-PET的IV值而不同。当廉价的A-PET用作成型材料时，C-PET的量最好不多于A-PET的量。A-PET可以是吸水的，作为要被混合的提供给排气式注射机的C-PET不需要被干燥，然后注射成型型坯。
在本发明中，作为排气式注射机，使用其中有由第一段和第二段组成的注射螺杆的排气式注射机，第二段以这样的方式插入配置着排气口的加热料筒中，使螺杆能转动并可前后移动，对提供给排气式注射机第一段加料区的颗粒料的量加以限制，因此该颗粒料在到达加料区之前的压缩区以前，即使被软化为弹性态也不会被压缩滞留。
在加料区被软化的A-PET和C-PET的混合料被压缩区的锥形表面压缩，熔融拉伸，初步捏合并输送至第二段，在这里由熔融产生的挥发组分和其水分用真空泵丛排气口抽吸排出。在此捏合方法中，成型材料通过与比A-PET的IV值高的C-PET混合并进行充分捏合，作为整体，其IV值比A-PET的IV值高。
尽管上述排气是连续真空抽吸甚至在注射时也不中断，然而注射时要比塑化时稍许减压，以防止熔融成型材料通过注射螺杆的向前运动从排气口溢料。该已在第二段被进一步塑化的熔融材料象在标准结构注射机中那样在螺杆的前端计量，并通过注射螺杆的向前运动注射填充入模，成为型坯。将该型坯立即输送至吹塑模，或稍后拉伸吹塑成型为薄壁容器例如瓶子。
图1是实施本发明注射成型方法的排气式注射成型机一例的纵向侧面视图。
在图中，参考号1是注射螺杆，它以这样一种方式，插入加热料筒2内部，能转动和前后移动。此注射螺杆1是两根螺杆的结合，每根都有深槽部分和浅槽部分：位于加料热筒2后部并设计为第一段的螺杆10和位于前部并设计为第二段的螺杆20。
以上提供的加热料筒2在其壁部带有排气出口3，在这里设置着第二段20的后部，而且该开口是气密的并连接到一真空泵(未示)。加料口4设置在加热料筒2的后壁部分，在这里设置着第一段的后部，而且料斗5附着在加料口4上。图中未示，在加热料筒2和注嘴6的圆周上设置着电热圈，用于加热通过螺杆转动从以上加料口4提供的成型材料。
为了用此排气式注射机成型型坯，加热料筒2对应于第一段10部分的温度被设置在280℃，而加热料筒2对应于第二段10部分的温度被设置在270℃。将通过混合未干燥的颗粒A-PET和需要量的颗粒C-PET而得到的成型材料放入以上的料斗5，注射螺杆1以高速(100rpm)转动。排气开口3被真空泵减压至-730mmHg。
以上料斗5中的成型材料，通过注射螺杆的转动被提供到第一段10的加料区，但其提供的量受到限制。提供的量的限制是通过减少加料区后部螺槽截面面积至加料区前部螺槽截面面积的2/3而进行的，由此防止了在加料区前部的颗粒材料过度连接，从而保证即使在其到达压缩区以前通过加热被软化成弹性态，颗粒材料经压缩也不固结，不滞留。
在加料区被软化的A-PET和C-PET的颗粒材料被压缩区的锥形表面压缩、熔融并被拉融合在一起，该材料的总IV值，与仅使用A-PET作为成型材料的情况相比，由于C-PET的IV值的原因被提高到高于A-PET的IV值。由此，由于IV值低而很难被捏合的A-PET可被完全捏合并进行塑化。
此熔融材料被输送到第二段20，其被设置在比第一段10低的温度。由于此段加料区形成的螺槽深，熔融材料的压力被降低，因此树脂的挥发组分和水含量被蒸发，被熔融材料封装的挥发组分和水含量通过螺杆的转动被进一步分离、抽吸并由真空泵从排气口3除去。将已除去挥发组分和水含量的熔融材料通过螺杆的转动输送到第二段20的计量区，在这里进一步被塑化，并象在标准结构注射机中那样被传送至螺杆的前部。
随着熔融材料的输送，注射螺杆1反向运动，其转动在预定位置停止，从而完成材料的计量。已计量的熔融材料通过螺杆的向前运动被注入成型型坯的模具。此时，在排气口3，由真空泵的抽吸被改变为-650mmHg，在注射过程中继续抽吸。此抽吸可通过阀的操作把外面的空气引入抽吸管线从而容易地控制。
A-PET和C-PET的混合比和算术平均IV值在以下显示。
使用的材料
A-PET    IV值：  0.63 Mitsui PET Resin Co的J005
C-PET    IV值：  0.79 Mitsui PET Resin Co的J125
C-PET    IV值：  0.85 Mitsui PET Resin Co的J135
混合比(1)
A-PET             C-PET          算术平均IV值
J005              J125
  5                 5               0.710
  6                 4               0.694
  7                 3               0.678
  8                 2               0.662
混合比(2)
 A-PET          C-PET         算术平均IV值
 J005           J135
   5             5             0.740
   6             4             0.718
   7             3             0.696
   8             2             0.674
实施例
材料树脂：A-PET J005/C-PET J125
    混合比：7∶3，IV值：0.678
成型制品：扁瓶
尺寸：总高：250mm，口部直径：23.5mm，颈口以
      下长度：230mm筒体部分外径：90×5mm，
      筒体部分厚度：0.4mm，重量：36g
型坯
    尺寸：
        总高：142mm，口部内径：23.5mm，颈口
              以下长度：122mm，筒体部分厚度：2.9mm，
              上部筒体部分外径：28mm，底端筒体部分外径：2
              4mm，锥度：2/122
型坯成型条件
    加热料筒设定温度
    第一段：前面部分：285℃，中间部分：285℃，后端部分：280℃
    第二段：前面部分：270℃，后面部分：270℃
    注嘴温度：270℃
    注射成型温度(设定温度)
        腔模：15℃
        芯模：15℃
    注射压力(保压)：75kg/cm2
    填充保压时间：6.0秒
    冷却时间：2.8秒
    离模温度：60-70℃(型坯表面温度)
拉伸吹塑成型条件
    模具温度(设定温度)：20℃
    拉伸吹塑温度：86℃(型坯表面温度)
    吹塑压力(拉伸)：20kg/cm2
    吹塑时间：2.0秒
    拉伸比
        纵向(轴向)：1.9倍
        横向(径向)：3.6×2倍
结果
从注射模取出的型坯在完全冷却后是透明的，且无变形，并有均匀的密度。当同时成型许多型坯时，在它们之间无差别并得到良好的产品。通过拉伸吹塑成型得到的成型制品是透明的，厚度无不均匀，并且可与C-PET产品相比。

Claims (3)

1.一种使用无定形聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯作为成型材料使用排气式注射机注射成型型坯的方法，包括以下步骤：加入需要量的结晶聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯到无定形聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯中，塑化该所得混合材料，以提高成型材料的IV值至比无定形聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯的IV值更高的值，然后注射成型型坯。
2.根据权利要求1的使用无定形聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯作为成型材料注射成型型坯的方法，其中所说的排气式注射机包括一加热料筒，在所说的加热料筒上提供的排气口，由第一段和第二段组成的注射螺杆可转动并移动地设置在所说的加热料筒内，对提供到排气式注射机第一段加料区的颗粒材料的量加以限制，致使该颗粒材料即使在到达第一段加料区之前的第一段压缩区以前被软化为弹性状态时也不被压缩滞留。
3.根据权利要求2的使用无定形聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯作为成型材料注射成型型坯的方法，其中提供的量的限制是通过减少加料区后部螺槽截面面积至加料区前部螺槽截面面积的2/3而进行的。
CN96114424A 1995-09-29 1996-09-27 注射成型聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯的方法 Pending CN1156660A (zh)

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