CN115644052A - Non-contact tomato pollination device and method - Google Patents
Non-contact tomato pollination device and method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of plant pollination methods, and particularly discloses a non-contact tomato pollination device and method. The non-contact tomato pollination device mainly comprises a pulse airflow generating module consisting of a vacuum pump, a motor, an airflow blocking disc and the like to generate pulse airflow, and also comprises a fan, an air pipe, an air cavity and the like to guide the airflow generating module to generate guide airflow to finish pollination. Therefore, the non-contact pollination is respectively realized by driving the tomato spica to vibrate through the pulse airflow so as to release the pollen and spreading the released pollen by adopting the airflow guidance. According to the pollination device and the pollination method, the tomato plants do not need to be contacted, pollen does not need to be prepared in advance, and efficient and accurate pollination on the tomatoes is realized. Compare in prior art, can realize high-efficient, green pollination, and avoid the tomato plant damage in the contact pollination, promote the pollination quality. Can solve the problems of easy pollution or damage, low fruit setting rate and the like in the existing tomato pollination method, and has wide market prospect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of plant pollination methods, in particular to a non-contact tomato pollination device and method.
Background
In the greenhouse, because of the lack of pollination of insects and natural wind, the tomato fruit setting rate is low, and the yield is seriously influenced, therefore, artificial supplementary pollination is needed. Common tomato supplementary pollination methods mainly include chemical supplementary pollination, biological supplementary pollination and physical supplementary pollination. The chemical supplementary pollination is to carry out supplementary pollination on tomatoes by dipping, soaking, spraying hormone medicament and the like. The method has low efficiency and high labor intensity, is easy to cause the problems of quality reduction such as diseases, empty fruit and the like, and even can cause the problem of food safety.
The biological supplementary pollination is that bee species capable of pollinating tomatoes are put into a greenhouse, and the supplementary pollination is realized through the flower visiting process of the bee species. The method has the problems of high cost, large management difficulty and unstable effect; at present, two main methods are adopted for physical supplementary pollination, namely spraying prepared tomato pollen onto tomato flowers through equipment, wherein the method needs to prepare the pollen in advance and easily causes damage to tomato inflorescences. The other method is a mode of contacting the tomato flower ear stems by using a vibration mechanism, and the problem of plant damage is easily caused in the contact process of the vibration mechanism and the tomato flower ear stems. In addition, some non-contact vibratory airflow pollination methods do not consider effective pollination guidance after pollen release, and pollination effect is to be improved.
Disclosure of Invention
In the prior art, contact vibration is mostly used to release pollen from crops to complete supplementary pollination. Pollen obtained by contact vibration often has the phenomenon of plant damage. In order to ensure that plants are intact and the tomato flowers release sufficient pollen, in the tomato pollination method provided by the invention, the bionic principle is adopted, the tomato tassel is driven to vibrate by the pulse airflow, so that the pollen is released more optimally, and the released pollen is guided to the flower stigma by using the guide gas flow to complete pollination.
The invention aims to provide a non-contact tomato pollination device and a non-contact tomato pollination method, which are used for completing the auxiliary pollination of tomatoes in an environment-friendly, efficient and lossless mode, avoiding the damage caused by the contact of a pollination device and tomato plants and simultaneously improving the fruit setting rate.
The invention provides a non-contact tomato pollination device and a non-contact tomato pollination method, which are used for completing the auxiliary pollination process of tomatoes in a non-contact mode. The non-contact tomato pollination device comprises a pulse airflow generation module and a guide airflow generation module.
The pulse airflow generating module generates pulse airflow and comprises a vacuum pump, a motor and an airflow blocking disc. The guide airflow generation module generates upward guide airflow and comprises a fan, an air pipe and an air cavity.
The method for non-contact pollination by the device mainly comprises the steps of generating pulse airflow to drive the flower ears to generate bionic vibration to release pollen, and blowing the pollen to flower stigma by guiding airflow after the pollen is released to finish pollination.
The pollination method is implemented by the following steps:
(1) The pulsed airflow releases the tomato pollen:
selecting the tomato tassels with completely opened flowers, acting on the tassel handles by pulse airflow, and vibrating the tassels to release pollen from the flowers. The pollen release by the vibration of the flower spike is specifically to send the vibration of bionic bee buzzing to the flower to shake off the pollen in the tomato anther.
(2) Airflow guiding to finish tomato pollination:
and (2) in the floating process after the pollen is released in the step (1), the pollination is guided by airflow. The air flow guided pollination specifically refers to blowing air to blow pollen onto the stamen stigmas of the tomatoes to finish pollination of the tomatoes.
In the tomato pollination device provided by the invention, the pulse airflow generation module mainly comprises key components such as a vacuum pump, a motor, an airflow blocking disc and the like, and the guide airflow generation module mainly comprises key components such as a fan, an air pipe, an air cavity and the like.
In the tomato pollination method provided by the invention, the pulse frequency of the non-contact pulse airflow released by pollen is 10-100Hz, the maximum flow velocity of the pulse airflow is 3-7 m/s, and the distance between the pulse airflow outlet and the tomato tassel is 30-80 mm.
In the tomato pollination method provided by the invention, in order to ensure the success rate of tomato pollination, the airflow speed of airflow for guiding pollination is 0.25-3 m/s, and the air volume is 1 multiplied by 10 -5 ～1×10 -3 m 3 And/s, the distance between the air flow guiding outlet and the tomato flower is 10-40 mm.
Since the release and pollination of tomato pollen are carried out on the same flower ear, precise control is needed to ensure that pollen does not fall off but is transferred to pistil stigmas needing pollination according to a preset track. Therefore, in the tomato pollination method provided by the invention, the duration of the pulse airflow is 0.2-2 s, the duration of the guide airflow is 0.1-1 s after the pulse airflow starts, and the duration is 0.5-1.5 s.
In a second aspect, the present invention provides the use of the method for pollination of tomatoes as described above for planting tomatoes or for increasing the yield of tomatoes. And the application of the tomato pollination method in tomato breeding.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) According to the non-contact pollination device and method for tomatoes, provided by the invention, the flower ears are vibrated to release pollen by adopting the pulse airflow, and pollination is completed by adopting an airflow guiding mode in the pollen falling process after the pollen is induced to be released, so that the device has the characteristic of not contacting with flowers and plants of the tomatoes, and is green, environment-friendly, lossless and efficient.
(2) The embodiment of the invention adopts a bionic method to realize the vibration of the flowers to release the tomato pollen, and realizes the release of the tomato pollen without damage through the releasing effect of the bionic bee buzzing vibration on the tomato pollen.
(3) According to the tomato pollination method provided by the invention, the pollination is guided after pollen is released by adopting an airflow guiding method, a more effective pollination effect is realized by blowing airflow, and the fruit setting rate is improved.
(4) The embodiment of the invention adopts a method for independently pollinating each cluster of tomato flowers, pollen in pollination comes from each tomato flower, pollen does not need to be prepared in advance, accurate and efficient pollination can be realized, and the fruit setting rate is improved.
(5) The tomato pollination device and the method provided by the invention solve the problems of easy pollution or damage, low fruit setting rate and the like in the existing tomato pollination method, and have wide market prospect.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a non-contact tomato pollination apparatus provided by the present invention. In the figure: 1-a chassis; 2, a fan; 3-a vacuum pump; 4, a motor; 5-a pulsed airflow outlet; 6-airflow blocking disk; 7-tomato tassels; 8-air cavity; 9-trachea; 10-position adjusting mechanism.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a non-contact pollination method of tomatoes provided by the invention. Figure 1-directing the air flow; 2-tomato pollen; 3-tomato flowers; 4-pulse airflow; 5, tomato ear stems.
Fig. 3 is a microscopic image of a tomato stigma, in which (a) is an image of a pollen-free tomato stigma and (b) is an image of a pollen-bearing tomato stigma.
FIG. 4 is a microscopic image of tomato stigma pollen coverage under different pollination methods in example 2, wherein (a) is group A, (B) is group B, (C) is group C, and (D) is group D.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the figures and specific examples. The following examples will aid in the further understanding of embodiments of the present invention, but are not intended to limit the invention in any way. It should be noted that several improvements in the implementation of the source of pulsating vibrations and the method of directing the air flow, as well as their location and number, are within the scope of the present invention without departing from the inventive concept.
Referring to fig. 1, in the embodiment of the invention, a non-contact tomato pollination device is provided, which has the following main mechanical structure and operation mode:
in the figure: 1-a chassis; 2, a fan; 3-a vacuum pump; 4, a motor; 5-a pulsed airflow outlet; 6-airflow blocking disk; 7-tomato tassels; 8-air cavity; 9-air pipe; 10-position adjusting mechanism.
(1) Before the device is operated, firstly, the stable chassis 1 is held, the position adjusting mechanism 10 is adjusted according to the characteristics of the size and the like of the tomato spica, so that the air cavity 8 is positioned under the tomato spica 7, the pulse airflow outlet 5 is positioned at the position of the tomato spica handle, and the operation is started.
(2) During operation, the vacuum pump 3 generates high-pressure airflow, and the motor 4 drives the airflow blocking disc 6 to rotate, so that the airflow emitted by the pulse airflow outlet 5 has intermittence, namely pulse airflow is generated. The pulse air flow is blown to the tomato ears 7 to drive the tomato ears 7 to generate bionic vibration so that the flowers release pollen.
(3) After the pollen is released, the fan 2 starts to operate, and the generated air flow is conveyed to the air cavity 8 through the air pipe 9, so that the generated guide air flow finishes pollination.
Referring to fig. 2, in an embodiment of the present invention, a non-contact pollination method of tomato is provided, which comprises the following steps:
(1) The pulse airflow drives the flower spikes to vibrate so as to release the pollen; the flower spike with the tomato flowers which are completely opened is selected, and the pulse airflow 4 acts on the flower spike handle 5 of the tomato flowers, so that the flowers vibrate to release pollen. The pulse airflow drives the flower spikes to vibrate to release pollen, and specifically, the pulse airflow 4 which is bionic bee buzzing is sent to the flowers to release pollen on the tomato anthers.
(2) Airflow guide pollination; and (3) in the floating process after the pollen is released in the step (1), the pollination is guided by airflow. Wherein the air flow guide pollination specifically refers to a guide air flow 1 capable of blowing air, and the pollen 2 released in the step (1) is blown to pistil stigma to complete the tomato pollination process.
The tomato flower spike is a tomato flower with complete opening, and the target flower spike for pollen release and pollination guide in the step (1) is the same cluster of tomato flowers.
As another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the pulsed airflow 4 that the vibration causes the pollen to release can be realized by intermittently generating airflow or blocking an airflow outlet, and the like, and is not limited herein.
As another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the airflow-guided pollination airflow 1 may be in the form of a vortex airflow, a parallel airflow, or the like, and is not limited herein.
The invention also aims to provide an application of the non-contact tomato pollination method in the tomato planting supplementary pollination process.
As another preferred embodiment of the invention, in the application of the supplementary pollination process in tomato planting, the tomato can be any tomato variety which has porous anther and the top of the anther is cracked and can be subjected to buzzing pollination. Specifically, the variety of tomato can be selected according to the requirement, which is not limited herein.
The technical method and preferred parameters of the non-contact tomato pollination method of the present invention are further illustrated by the following examples.
Example 1
The non-contact tomato pollination method provided by the embodiment is schematically shown in figure 2 and comprises the following steps:
(1) Selecting a tomato flower spike with completely opened tomato flowers 3 as a pollination target, and driving the flower spike to vibrate by a pulse airflow 4 acting on a tomato flower spike handle 5 to release tomato pollen 2, wherein the duration time is 0.2-1 s;
the pulse frequency of the non-contact pulse airflow released by the pollen is 10-100Hz, and the maximum flow velocity of the pulse airflow is 3-7 m/s; the distance between the non-contact pulse airflow released by the pollen and the tomato tassels is 30-80 mm.
(2) In the falling process after the pollen 2 is released after the step (1) (the air flow is guided to be applied 0.1-0.5 s after the pulse air flow starts), the air flow 1 blows the pollen 2 to the pistil stigma by the air flow, and the non-contact supplementary pollination of the tomatoes is completed; the duration is 0.5 to 1s.
The airflow speed of the airflow for guiding pollination is 0.25-3 m/s, and the air quantity is 1 multiplied by 10 -5 ～1×10 -3 m 3 S; the distance between the air flow for guiding pollination and the tomato flowers is 10-40 mm.
Example 2
The implementation is that a tomato variety is the Beijing tomato 305 in a certain tomato planting household in the open valley area of Beijing city, and the planting time is 2 months. Four lines of tomatoes with consistent growth states in the same greenhouse are randomly selected and divided into four groups A, B, C and D, and pollination operation is carried out by different pollination methods. Wherein, the group A is used as a control group for not carrying out artificial pollination, the group B adopts a vibrator method for pollination, the group C adopts an air blowing method for pollination, and the group D adopts the non-contact pollination method provided by the embodiment 1 for pollination.
Specifically, group D adopts a non-contact pollination method for pollination, and comprises the following steps:
(1) Selecting a flower cluster with completely opened tomato flowers 3 as a pollination target;
(2) The flow rate of a vacuum pump generated by the pulse airflow is set to be 15L/min to generate airflow, and the inner diameter of an outlet pipe is 5mm; an airflow blocking sheet which is driven by a direct current motor to rotate at the rotating speed of 300r/min and is blocked at intervals of 90 degrees is additionally arranged at the outlet, so that the airflow generates a pulse airflow 4 with the frequency of 10 Hz;
(3) The outlet of the generated pulse airflow 4 is aligned to the tomato flower ear stem and is 50mm away from the flower ear stem, and the pulse airflow drives the flower ear after the work is started, so that the flower ear generates buzzing vibration of a bionic bee;
(4) The air flow 1 is guided to be parallel, the direction is vertical and upward, the center is aligned with the center of the tomato flower spike and is 50mm away from the center of the flower spike, the air flow velocity is 4m/s, and the flow is 8 multiplied by 10 -5 m 3 /s；
(5) According to the parameter setting, firstly, the action of the pulse airflow 4 lasts for 2s, so that the flower spikes vibrate to release the pollen 2;
(6) After the action of the pulse airflow 4, 1s starts to guide the action of the airflow 1 to blow the airflow, and the duration lasts for 1s;
(7) And (4) completing the operation according to the steps and the time length control, and stopping pollen release and airflow-guided pollination through vibration to finish the pollination operation of the tomato ears.
Four groups of pollination methods A, B, C and D are carried out between 9 and 17 months in 2022 and 9 and 11 am in sunny and sunny days. In order to visually evaluate the effect of the pollination method, the pollen coverage rate of the tomato stigma is used as an evaluation index of the pollination amount. After each group of pollination operation is completed, 10 tomato flowers are selected from each group, and the gynoecium stigma is subjected to image shooting by adopting a photomicrograph, and the obtained stigma microscopic images without pollen coverage and with pollen coverage are respectively shown as a picture (a) of figure 3 and a picture (b) of figure 3. Image processing was then performed to analyze the percentage of the number of white pollen area pixels to the total number of stigma area pixels as pollen coverage, and the results obtained for each group are shown in table 1. According to the statistical result, the pollen coverage rate of the tomato stigma after pollination by the non-contact pollination method is obviously improved compared with the pollen coverage rate after pollination by the air blower pollination method of the group A, the group B and the group C.
The microscopic images of a part of stigma samples are shown in FIG. 4, and the microscopic images (a) - (D) of the stigma samples in FIG. 4 are the stigma microscopic images of certain tomato patterns in groups A, B, C and D respectively.
TABLE 1 tomato pollination Effect data sheet
| Group of | A | B | C | D |
| Mean number of pixels in pollen area | 672.4 | 2856.5 | 2761.3 | 3994.2 |
| Average pollen coverage (%) | 1.36 | 4.23 | 4.64 | 8.76 |
Example 3
The implementation is that a tomato variety is the Beijing tomato 305 in a certain tomato planting household in the open valley area of Beijing city, and the planting time is 2 months. Four rows of tomatoes with the same growth state in the same greenhouse are randomly selected and divided into four groups A, B, C and D to be pollinated by different pollination methods. The group A is used as a control group and is not subjected to artificial pollination, the group B is pollinated by adopting a vibrator method, the group C is pollinated by adopting an air blowing method of an air blower, and the group D is pollinated by adopting a non-contact pollination method.
Specifically, group D pollinates by a non-contact pollination method, and comprises the following steps:
(1) Selecting a flower cluster with fully opened tomato flowers 3 as a pollination target;
(2) The flow rate of a vacuum pump generated by the pulse airflow is set to be 10L/min to generate airflow, the inner diameter of an outlet pipe is 5mm, and an airflow blocking sheet which is driven by a direct current motor to rotate at the rotating speed of 420r/min and has 90-degree interval blocking is additionally arranged at an outlet so that the airflow generates pulse airflow 4 with the frequency of 14 Hz;
(3) The outlet of the generated pulse airflow 4 is aligned to the tomato flower ear handle and is 80mm away from the flower ear handle, and the pulse airflow drives the flower ear after the work is started, so that the flower ear generates the buzzing vibration of a bionic bee;
(4) The air flow 1 is guided to be parallel, the direction is vertical and upward, the center is aligned with the center of the tomato flower spike and is 80mm away from the center of the flower spike, the air flow velocity is 3m/s, and the flow is 10 multiplied by 10 -5 m 3 /s；
(5) According to the parameter setting, firstly, the action of the pulse airflow 4 lasts for 1s, so that the flower spikes vibrate to release the pollen 2;
(6) After the pulse airflow 4 acts, the airflow starts to be blown by the action of the guiding airflow 1 for 0.5s;
(7) And (4) completing the operation according to the steps and the time length control, and stopping pollen release and air flow guided pollination by vibration to complete the pollination operation of the tomato ears.
The pollination method of the four groups A, B, C and D is carried out between 9 and 17 months in 2022 and 9-11 am when the weather is clear and the light is sufficient. In order to visually evaluate the effect of the pollination method, the pollen coverage rate of the tomato stigma is used as an evaluation index of the pollination amount. After each group of pollination operation is completed, 10 tomato flowers are selected for each group, image shooting is carried out on pistil stigma by adopting photomicrography, then image processing is carried out, the percentage of the pixel number of a white pollen area to the total pixel number of the stigma is analyzed to be used as the pollen coverage rate, and the obtained result of each group is shown in table 2.
TABLE 2 tomato pollination Effect data sheet
| Group of | A | B | C | D |
| Average number of pixels in pollen area | 491.8 | 2945.2 | 2687.3 | 4082.7 |
| Average pollen coverage (%) | 0.76 | 5.23 | 4.39 | 9.34 |
Example 4
The implementation is carried out in a certain tomato planting household in the flat valley area of Beijing, the tomato variety is Jingfang 305, and the planting time is 2 months. Four lines of tomatoes with consistent growth states in the same greenhouse are randomly selected and divided into four groups A, B, C and D, and pollination operation is carried out by different pollination methods. Wherein group A is used as control group without artificial pollination, group B adopts vibrator pollination, group C adopts air blowing method pollination, and group D adopts non-contact pollination.
Specifically, group D adopts a non-contact pollination method for pollination, and comprises the following steps:
(1) Selecting a flower cluster with fully opened tomato flowers 3 as a pollination target;
(2) The flow rate of a vacuum pump generated by the pulse airflow is set to be 12L/min to generate airflow, the inner diameter of an outlet pipe is 5mm, and an airflow blocking sheet which is driven by a direct current motor to rotate at the rotating speed of 420r/min and is blocked at 60-degree intervals is additionally arranged at an outlet, so that the airflow generates a pulse airflow 4 with the frequency of 21 Hz;
(3) The outlet of the generated pulse airflow 4 is aligned to the tomato flower ear handle and is 50mm away from the flower ear handle, and the pulse airflow drives the flower ear after the work is started, so that the flower ear generates the buzzing vibration of a bionic bee;
(4) The air flow 1 is guided to be parallel, the direction is vertical and upward, the center is aligned with the center of the tomato tassel and is 30mm away from the center of the tassel, the air flow velocity is 6m/s, and the flow is 12 multiplied by 10 -4 m 3 /s；
(5) According to the parameter setting, firstly, the action of the pulse airflow 4 lasts for 1.5s, so that the flower spikes vibrate to release the pollen 2;
(6) 0.8s after the action of the pulse airflow 4, starting to guide the action of the airflow 1 to blow the airflow, and continuing for 1.5s;
(7) And (4) completing the operation according to the steps and the time length control, and stopping pollen release and airflow-guided pollination through vibration to finish the pollination operation of the tomato ears.
The pollination method of the four groups A, B, C and D is carried out between 9 and 17 months in 2022 and 9-11 am when the weather is clear and the light is sufficient. In order to visually evaluate the effect of the pollination method, the pollen coverage rate of the tomato stigma is used as an evaluation index of the pollination amount. After each group of pollination operation is completed, 10 tomato flowers are selected from each group, the pistil stigma is subjected to image shooting by using photomicrography, then image processing is carried out, the percentage of the pixel number of a white pollen area to the total pixel number of the stigma is analyzed to be used as the pollen coverage rate, and the obtained result of each group is shown in table 3.
Table 3 tomato pollination effect data table
| Group of | A | B | C | D |
| Mean number of pixels in pollen area | 597.1 | 3012.6 | 2802.5 | 4586.0 |
| Average pollen coverage (%) | 1.26 | 6.03 | 5.31 | 10.68 |
Comparative example 1 comparison of pollination Effect of different pulse airflow frequencies
In comparison, in a certain tomato planting household in the open valley area of Beijing, the tomato variety is Beijing tomato 305, and the planting time is 2 months. Four lines of tomatoes with consistent growth states in the same greenhouse are randomly selected and divided into four groups A, B, C and D, and the pollination is carried out by adopting the non-contact pollination method. The test parameters in each group of tomato pollination test were the same as those in example 4 except that the rotational speed of the dc motor was adjusted so that the pulse airflow frequencies were 5Hz for group a, 15hz for group b, 50hz for group c, and 200Hz for group d, respectively.
The results obtained for each group are shown in table 4.
Table 4 tomato pollination effect data table
| Group of | A | B | C | D |
| Average number of pixels in pollen area | 2197.1 | 4281.9 | 4802.5 | 2381.9 |
| Average pollen coverage (%) | 3.62 | 9.75 | 11.91 | 4.83 |
As can be seen from the table above, the pollination effect of the tomatoes in the groups B and C (the frequency of the pulse airflow is between 10 and 100 Hz) is better than that of the groups A and D.
Comparative example 2 comparison of pollination Effect of different guide air flow velocities
In comparison, in a certain tomato planting household in the open valley area of Beijing, the tomato variety is Beijing tomato 305, and the planting time is 2 months. Four lines of tomatoes with consistent growth states in the same greenhouse are randomly selected and divided into four groups A, B, C and D, and the pollination is carried out by adopting the non-contact pollination method. The parameters of the pollination test of each group of tomatoes, except that the guide air flow rates of the group A are 0.1m/s, the group B is 0.8m/s, the group C is 2.0m/s and the group D is 5.0m/s, the other parameters, the operation method, the operation conditions and the like are the same as those in the example 4.
The results obtained for each group are shown in table 5.
TABLE 5 tomato pollination Effect data sheet
| Group of | A | B | C | D |
| Mean number of pixels in pollen area | 2897.1 | 3981.6 | 4238.7 | 2681.3 |
| Average pollen coverage (%) | 4.12 | 9.14 | 10.64 | 5.15 |
As can be seen from the table above, the pollination effect of the tomatoes in the groups B and C (guiding the air flow velocity between 0.25 and 3 m/s) is better than that in the groups A and D.
Comparative example 3 comparison of pollination Effect between different pulsed airflows and time intervals of guided airflow
In comparison, in a certain tomato planting household in the open valley area of Beijing, the tomato variety is Beijing tomato 305, and the planting time is 2 months. Four lines of tomatoes with consistent growth states in the same greenhouse are randomly selected and divided into four groups A, B, C and D, and the pollination is carried out by adopting the non-contact pollination method. The test parameters of each group of tomato pollination test are the same as those of example 4 except that the time intervals of the pulsed airflow for guiding the airflow are 0s for group A, 0.65s for group B, 0.85s for group C and 1.15s for group D respectively.
The results obtained for each group are shown in table 6.
TABLE 6 tomato pollination Effect data sheet
| Group of | A | B | C | D |
| Mean number of pixels in pollen area | 3142.7 | 4592.4 | 4838.7 | 2481.3 |
| Average pollen coverage (%) | 4.73 | 10.49 | 12.13 | 4.65 |
As can be seen from the table above, the pollination effect of the tomatoes in the groups B and C (the time interval between the pulse airflow and the guiding airflow is 0.1-1 s) is better than that of the groups A and D.
Comparing the tomato pollination effects of the embodiment and the comparative example, the non-contact tomato pollination method provided by the invention can accurately and high-quality realize the auxiliary pollination operation of tomatoes by selecting a completely opened tomato flower, aligning the vibration source and the airflow source to the tomato flower, vibrating to induce the pollen release, airflow to guide the pollination and the like, and is a non-contact tomato pollination method which is green and nondestructive, simple and convenient to operate and high in efficiency. Compared with the prior art, the method has the advantages of being green and harmless, free of pollen preparation, capable of improving pollination effect and the like, and has wide market prospect.
Although the invention has been described in detail hereinabove with respect to a general description and specific embodiments thereof, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications or improvements may be made thereto based on the invention. Accordingly, such modifications and improvements are intended to be within the scope of the invention as claimed.
Claims (9)
1. A non-contact tomato pollination device is characterized by comprising a pulse airflow generation module and a guide airflow generation module.
2. The non-contact tomato pollination device of claim 1, wherein the pulsed airflow generating module generates pulsed airflow and comprises a vacuum pump, a motor and an airflow blocking disk.
3. The non-contact tomato pollination device of claim 1, wherein the guiding air flow generating module generates an upward guiding air flow comprising a fan, an air pipe, and an air chamber.
4. A non-contact tomato pollination method, wherein the tomato pollination method uses the non-contact tomato pollination device of any one of claims 1 to 3, the tomato pollination method comprising:
(1) Selecting completely opened tomato flowers, acting on the tomato flower ear stems by non-contact pulse airflow to drive the tomato flower ears to vibrate so as to release pollen;
(2) And (3) in the floating process after the pollen is released in the step (1), the pollination is guided by airflow.
5. The method for non-contact pollination of tomatoes as claimed in claim 4, wherein the pollen release is achieved by generating a pulsed air flow to vibrate the ears of the tomatoes, the pulse frequency of the non-contact pulsed air flow is 10 to 100Hz, the maximum flow rate of the pulsed air flow is 3 to 7m/s, and the distance between the outlet of the pulsed air flow and the ears of the tomatoes is 30 to 80mm.
6. The method for pollinating tomatoes according to claim 4, wherein the pollen released under the action of the pulsed airflow vibration is guided by the guided airflow, the airflow velocity of the guided pollination airflow is 0.25-3 m/s, and the airflow rate is 1 x 10 -5 ～1×10 -3 m 3 And/s, the distance between the airflow outlet for guiding pollination and the tomato flowers is 10-40 mm.
7. Tomato pollination method according to any one of the claims 4-6, wherein the duration of step (1) is 0.2-2 s, and the duration of step (2) is 0.1-1 s after the start of step (1) and 0.5-1.5 s.
8. Use of the method of tomato pollination according to any one of claims 4 to 7 for tomato planting or for increasing tomato yield.
9. Use of the tomato pollination method of any one of claims 4 to 7 in tomato breeding.
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