CN115628032A - Experimental device and method for simulating fractured formation multilayer leakage under directional well gas invasion condition - Google Patents
Experimental device and method for simulating fractured formation multilayer leakage under directional well gas invasion condition Download PDFInfo
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- 229910000278 bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
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- E21B33/00—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells
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Abstract
The invention discloses an experimental device for simulating fractured formation multilayer leakage under the condition of gas invasion of a directional well, which comprises a directional well leakage system, a fracture simulation system and a data acquisition system, wherein the directional well leakage system comprises a gas-permeable stratum and a gas-permeable stratum; the directional well leakage system comprises a high-temperature high-pressure directional well drilling fluid simulation device and a leakage simulation module; the crack simulation system comprises a crack simulation device and a gas invasion simulation module; the data acquisition system is used for acquiring the internal temperature of the directional well leakage system, the gas invasion flow rate of the fracture simulation system and the pressure value of the fracture simulation system. The raw materials and related test equipment used by the invention are simple and convenient and are easy to obtain, and the related cost of the experimental device construction is greatly reduced; the structural characteristics of actual deep stratum fracture development are fully considered, so that the experimental test result is more fit with the actual situation and has more pertinence.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of deep fractured reservoir exploration and development, in particular to an experimental device and method for simulating fractured formation multilayer leakage under a directional well gas invasion condition.
Background
Petroleum and natural gas resources are important fossil energy and strategic resources for guaranteeing the living and entertainment industry of people, the stable and ordered society and the long-term security of the nation. With the rapid development of the world economic level, the production level and the construction level, the demand of people and society for oil and natural gas resources is also increased rapidly. Therefore, further increasing the utilization rate of deep sea, deep layer and ultra-deep layer oil and gas resources is an important strategic measure for solving the problem of insufficient energy supply in the social development process under the large background that the current traditional fossil energy is still used as main supply energy to ensure the stable operation of the society. In the process of drilling a fractured stratum, a gas invasion phenomenon is accompanied, when high-temperature and high-pressure gas in a deep stratum fracture invades a shaft, a large amount of drilling fluid leaks into the fracture, and multiple sections of stratum leakage and gas invasion exist simultaneously, namely, the condition that the gas of the stratum invades into the shaft and the working fluid in the shaft leaks into the stratum occurs, so that the problem of serious reservoir damage can be caused, the immeasurable loss is caused to the personnel safety, the surrounding environment and the economic efficiency of a drilling operation field, and the safe drilling and the efficient development of fractured oil and gas reservoirs are hindered.
From published literature data, most of the current technical theories for analyzing and solving the complicated problem of simultaneous existence of the injection and the leakage are simulated by a computer, and a shaft gas invasion model is established based on a gas-liquid two-phase flow theory to analyze gas-liquid two-phase displacement. Some scholars also study the gas-liquid replacement problem in real fractures by a physical experiment method, but the core of the research only analyzes the evolution characteristics of the leakage of the vertical drilling fluid in the fractures under the gas invasion condition qualitatively and quantitatively. Therefore, from the current research situation, the research on the gas-liquid displacement phenomenon in the process of simultaneous loss and gas invasion is less in China and foreign countries, and the indoor experimental simulation quantitative research on the complex problems of simultaneous blowout and leakage of different well types and multiple sections of stratums is lacked.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problem of indoor experimental simulation quantification of the complicated problem of multi-section stratum blowout and leakage coexistence of the directional well, and provides an experimental device and a method for fractured stratum multilayer leakage simulation under the gas invasion condition of the directional well, wherein the used raw materials and related test equipment are simple, convenient and easy to obtain, and the related cost of the experimental device is greatly reduced; the structural characteristics of actual deep stratum fracture development are fully considered, so that the experimental test result is more fit with the actual situation and has more pertinence.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
an experimental device for simulating fractured formation multilayer leakage under the condition of gas invasion of a directional well comprises a directional well leakage system, a fracture simulation system and a data acquisition system;
the directional well leakage system comprises a high-temperature high-pressure directional well drilling fluid simulation device and a leakage simulation module;
the crack simulation system comprises a crack simulation device and a gas cut simulation module;
the data acquisition system is used for acquiring the internal temperature of the directional well leakage system, the gas invasion flow rate of the fracture simulation system and the pressure value of the fracture simulation system.
Preferably, the high-temperature high-pressure directional well drilling fluid simulation device comprises a high-temperature high-pressure kettle body and an external flexible heating sleeve; the upper part of the high-temperature high-pressure kettle body is connected with a piston pressurizing device, and the right end of the high-temperature high-pressure kettle body is connected with a crack simulation device; and the external flexible heating sleeve is arranged outside the high-temperature high-pressure kettle body.
Preferably, the leakage simulation module comprises a piston pressurization device, a drill string simulation device, a drilling fluid input module and a drilling fluid return leakage module; the piston pressurizing device is arranged on the upper part of the high-temperature high-pressure kettle body; the drill column simulation device is connected with the piston pressurization device and is arranged in the high-temperature high-pressure kettle body; the drilling fluid input module is sequentially connected with the piston pressurizing device and the drill column simulation device; and the drilling fluid leakage-returning module is sequentially connected with the high-temperature high-pressure kettle body, the piston pressurizing device and the overflow valve.
Preferably, the fracture simulation device comprises a long fracture core holder and a wedge-shaped long fracture model; and the long fracture core holder clamps and the wedge-shaped long fracture model are connected with the high-temperature high-pressure kettle body.
Preferably, the gas invasion simulation module comprises a nitrogen cylinder, a two-stage pressure regulating valve and a reverse air pressure valve which are sequentially communicated through a hose and a steel pipe; the reverse air pressure valve is arranged at the tail part of the crack simulation device, the crack simulation device is connected with the instantaneous flowmeter, and the nitrogen cylinder is connected with the double-stage pressure regulating valve and arranged at the tail part of the precision pressure gauge.
Preferably, the long fracture core holder comprises a long fracture core holder with an inclination angle of 0 degrees, a long fracture core holder with an inclination angle of 45 degrees and a long fracture core holder with an inclination angle of 90 degrees.
Preferably, the wedge-shaped long crack model comprises a wedge-shaped long crack model with a 1mm gap, a wedge-shaped long crack model with a 3mm gap and a wedge-shaped long crack model with a 5mm gap.
Preferably, the data acquisition system comprises an internal temperature sensor, an instantaneous flow meter and a precision pressure gauge; the internal temperature sensor is arranged inside the high-temperature high-pressure kettle body and is used for measuring the internal experiment temperature of the high-temperature high-pressure kettle body; the instantaneous flowmeter is connected with the precision pressure gauge and then placed behind a reverse air pressure valve at the tail part of the crack simulation device to measure the gas invasion flow rate and pressure value; the overflow valve is connected with the drilling fluid return module and is arranged on the upper part of the piston pressurizing device.
The method for carrying out experimental test on the leakage rule of the drilling fluid in the fractured stratum under the gas cut condition by using the experimental device comprises the following steps:
preparing bentonite-based slurry for experiments according to drilling fluid used for on-site drilling (based on the drilling fluid actually used, walnut shells, mica sheets, calcite particles, superfine calcium carbonate, polypropylene cellulose, shell powder and the like are added for preparation), adding a plugging material, stirring uniformly by a high-speed stirrer, and then pouring into a high-temperature high-pressure kettle body;
rotating the high-temperature high-pressure kettle body according to the requirement of the directional well, adjusting an included angle between the high-temperature high-pressure kettle body and the horizontal direction, simulating a directional well inclination angle, selecting wedge-shaped long crack models with different crack widths according to the experimental requirement, clamping by using a long crack core clamper, fixedly connecting the models to the right end of the high-temperature high-pressure kettle, and keeping the crack opening of the wedge-shaped long crack model close to the end of the high-temperature high-pressure kettle large;
starting a piston pressurizing device, slowly pressurizing (the pressurizing speed is 0.05 MPa/s) until the injection pressure of the drilling fluid on site is reached, simultaneously starting an external flexible heating sleeve on the high-temperature and high-pressure kettle body, slowly heating (the heating speed is 1 ℃/s) to simulate a high-temperature environment, and measuring the internal experimental temperature of the high-temperature and high-pressure kettle body in real time by using an internal temperature sensor until the pressure and the temperature of the drilling fluid in the high-temperature and high-pressure kettle body are basically consistent with the underground drilling fluid;
continuously starting the piston pressurizing device to slowly pressurize, keeping the reverse air pressure valve in a closed state until drilling fluid in the high-temperature high-pressure kettle is quickly leaked and enters the crack simulation model and forms a certain plugging layer (the thickness of the plugging layer is 10 cm), stopping pressurizing, and preparing to carry out experimental tests of leakage simulation under the condition of gas invasion with different crack widths;
keeping the forward pressure of the piston pressurizing device unchanged, controlling the positive pressure difference of the drilling fluid to be 0.5MPa, gradually opening a nitrogen bottle arranged at the initial end of the gas invasion simulation module and a secondary guarantee control valve arranged at the tail end of the precision pressure gauge, and starting the simulation experiment test of the fractured formation leakage with different fracture widths;
step six, slowly opening a reverse air pressure valve arranged at the tail part of the crack simulation device to enable gas to circulate in the crack simulation system to form a gas invasion channel;
seventhly, when the transient pressure and transient flow data transmitted by the instantaneous flowmeter and the precision pressure gauge are basically stable, and the gas invasion pressure difference is controlled to be 1 MPa, recording the gas invasion flow speed and pressure value;
step eight, after the simulation experiment of the leakage loss of the fractured strata with different fracture widths is finished, closing the piston pressurizing device, taking out the wedge-shaped long fracture model for photographing, and observing the leakage loss condition in the wedge-shaped long fracture model;
replacing wedge-shaped long crack models with different crack widths, and repeating the steps from the first step to the eighth step;
step ten, after completing the test of the leakage simulation experiment of the fractured strata with different fracture widths, changing the test variable of the experiment into a fracture inclination angle, setting the fracture width of a wedge-shaped long fracture model to be 2 mm, the positive pressure difference of the drilling fluid to be 0.5MPa and the gas invasion pressure difference to be 0.5MPa in the experiment, and repeating the steps one to nine to complete the test of the leakage simulation experiment under the condition of gas invasion with different inclination angles;
step eleven, after the loss simulation experiment test under the gas invasion conditions of different inclination angles is finished, continuously changing the experiment test variable into the drilling fluid positive pressure difference, presetting the drilling fluid positive pressure difference to be 1, 2 and 3 MPa respectively, setting the wedge-shaped long crack model seam width to be 2 mm in the experiment, setting the crack inclination angle to be 90 degrees and the gas invasion pressure difference to be 0.5MPa, and repeating the steps one to ten to finish the loss simulation experiment test under the gas invasion conditions of different drilling fluid positive pressure differences.
Preferably, in the third step, the maximum liquid injection pressure of the piston pressurizing device in the experimental test process is as follows:
in the formula: the maximum liquid injection pressure set by the piston pressurizing device is shown; the density of the liquid phase fluid medium used in the experimental test is shown in kg/m 3 (ii) a Represents the acceleration m/s of gravity 2 (ii) a Represents the vertical height, m, of the directional well simulation device; the yield value of the bentonite base slurry for experiments is expressed as Pa; represents the diameter of the wellbore in actual conditions, m; representing the diameter of the drill string, m, in actual practice.
Preferably, in the sixth step, the set values of the output pressure of the two-stage pressure regulating valve and the safety pressure of the overflow valve in the experimental test process are as follows:
in the formula: the output pressure Pa of the two-stage pressure regulating valve in the experimental test process is shown; the safety pressure Pa of an overflow valve in the experimental test process is shown; indicating the reading Pa of the gas transmission point precision pressure gauge; the specified pressure (namely the pressure of a reverse air pressure valve is 0.5 MPa) Pa of the cutting sleeve type one-way valve is shown; the surface tension of a liquid phase fluid medium used for experimental test is shown, N/m; the radial distance m from the outlet of the overflow valve to the inner wall surface of the shaft simulation device is represented; represents the inner radius of the PU hose, m; represents the equivalent density difference set by experimental tests, kg/m 3 (ii) a And the axial vertical height m from the gas phase conveying pipeline to the top end of the shaft simulator is shown.
The beneficial effects of this technical scheme are as follows:
1. according to the experimental device for simulating the fractured formation multilayer leakage under the directional well gas invasion condition, raw materials and related testing equipment used for building the device are simple, convenient and easy to obtain, special processing materials and testing equipment are not needed, and the cost related to building the experimental device can be greatly reduced on the premise of not influencing the experimental testing result.
2. The experimental device for simulating the multi-layer leakage of the fractured stratum under the condition of the directional well gas invasion provided by the invention fully considers the structural characteristics of actual deep stratum fracture development in design, so that the motion characteristics of liquid-phase fluid medium leakage and gas-phase fluid medium invasion are more fit with the actual situation, the leakage simulation test in a complex form of multi-fracture leakage and gas invasion can be completed on the same experimental device, and the experimental test result is more fit with the actual situation and has more pertinence.
3. The experimental device for simulating the multi-layer leakage of the fractured formation under the directional well gas invasion condition is highly attached to the essential reasons of the complex working conditions of multi-fracture leakage and gas invasion in the testing principle, namely the pressure evolution in the experimental device is tested mainly by adjusting the positive pressure difference of the drilling fluid, and the air inflow and the leakage are not adjusted and controlled artificially, so that the experimental test result is more attached to the actual condition.
4. The experimental method for simulating the multi-layer leakage of the fractured stratum under the gas invasion condition of the directional well comprehensively covers the drilling fluid dynamic leakage and multi-fracture plugging simulation under the gas invasion condition of the directional well, and a plurality of groups of experiments can be carried out by adjusting the well inclination angle of the directional well in the simulation, so that the underground leakage condition and the drilling fluid multi-fracture plugging operation condition when the drilling meets the fracture under the gas invasion condition of the directional well are obtained, and the experimental test result can be suitable for all stages of drilling fluid dynamic leakage and multi-fracture plugging in the drilling operation.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the entire configuration of an experimental apparatus according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a drilling fluid simulation device for a high-temperature high-pressure directional well according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a crack simulation apparatus according to the present invention;
wherein: 1. a drilling fluid simulation device for a high-temperature high-pressure directional well; 2. a loss simulation module; 3. a high temperature and high pressure kettle body; 4. an external flexible heating jacket; 5. a piston pressurization device; 6. a drill string simulation device; 7. a drilling fluid input module; 8. a drilling fluid return leakage module; 9. a crack simulation device; 10. a gas invasion simulation module; 11. a long fracture core holder; 12. a wedge-shaped long crack model; 13. a nitrogen gas cylinder; 14. a two-stage pressure regulating valve; 15. a reverse air pressure valve; 16. a data acquisition system; 17. an internal temperature sensor; 18. a transient flow meter; 19. a precision pressure gauge; 20. an overflow valve.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.
It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being "on," "secured to" or "disposed on" another element, it can be directly on the other element or intervening elements may also be present. When an element is referred to as being "connected to" another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or intervening elements may also be present.
It should be noted that the terms of orientation such as left, right, up and down in the embodiments of the present invention are only relative to each other or are referred to the normal use state of the product, and should not be considered as limiting.
As shown in fig. 1-3, an experimental apparatus for simulating fractured formation multiple layer loss under the condition of directional well gas invasion comprises a directional well loss system, a fracture simulation system and a data acquisition system 16;
the directional well leakage system comprises a high-temperature high-pressure directional well drilling fluid simulation device 1 and a leakage simulation module 2;
the crack simulation system 16 comprises a crack simulation device 9 and a gas invasion simulation module 10;
the data acquisition system 16 is used for acquiring the internal temperature of the directional well loss system, the gas invasion flow rate of the fracture simulation system and the pressure value of the fracture simulation system.
The high-temperature high-pressure directional well drilling fluid simulation device 1 comprises a high-temperature high-pressure kettle body 3 and an external flexible heating sleeve 4; the upper part of the high-temperature high-pressure kettle body 3 is connected with a piston pressurizing device 5, and the right end of the high-temperature high-pressure kettle body 3 is connected with a crack simulation device 9; the external flexible heating jacket 4 is arranged outside the high-temperature high-pressure kettle body 3.
The leakage simulation module 2 comprises a piston pressurizing device 5, a drill string simulation device 6, a drilling fluid input module 7 and a drilling fluid leakage returning module 8; the piston pressurizing device 5 is arranged at the upper part of the high-temperature high-pressure kettle body 3; the drill string simulation device 6 is connected with the piston pressurization device 5 and is arranged in the high-temperature high-pressure kettle body 3; the drilling fluid input module 7 is sequentially connected with the piston pressurizing device 5 and the drill string simulation device 6; and the drilling fluid leakage returning module 8 is sequentially connected with the high-temperature high-pressure kettle body 3, the piston pressurizing device 5 and the overflow valve 20.
The fracture simulation device 9 comprises a long fracture core holder 11 and a wedge-shaped long fracture model 12; the long fracture core holder 11 is used for holding and the wedge-shaped long fracture model 12 is connected with the high-temperature high-pressure kettle body 3.
The gas invasion simulation module 10 comprises a nitrogen cylinder 13, a two-stage pressure regulating valve 14 and a reverse air pressure valve 15 which are sequentially communicated through a hose and a steel pipe; the reverse air pressure valve 15 is arranged at the tail part of the crack simulator 9, the crack simulator 9 is connected with the instantaneous flowmeter 18, and the nitrogen cylinder 13 is connected with the double-stage pressure regulating valve 14 and is arranged at the tail part of the precision pressure gauge 19.
The long fracture core holder 11 comprises a long fracture core holder 11 with an inclination angle of 0 degrees, a long fracture core holder 11 with an inclination angle of 45 degrees and a long fracture core holder 11 with an inclination angle of 90 degrees.
The wedge-shaped long crack model 12 comprises a wedge-shaped long crack model 12 with a 1mm gap, a wedge-shaped long crack model 12 with a 3mm gap and a wedge-shaped long crack model 12 with a 5mm gap.
Wherein the data acquisition system 16 comprises an internal temperature sensor 17, an instantaneous flow meter 18 and a precision pressure gauge 19; the internal temperature sensor 17 is arranged inside the high-temperature high-pressure kettle body 3 and is used for measuring the internal experiment temperature of the high-temperature high-pressure kettle body 3; the instantaneous flowmeter 18 is connected with the precision pressure gauge 19 and then placed behind a reverse air pressure valve 15 at the tail part of the crack simulation device 9 to measure the gas invasion flow rate and pressure value; the overflow valve 20 is connected with the drilling fluid leakage returning module 8 and is arranged at the upper part of the piston pressurizing device 5.
The method for carrying out experimental test on the leakage rule of the drilling fluid in the fractured stratum under the gas cut condition by using the experimental device comprises the following steps:
A. preparation before experimental testing:
preparing bentonite-based slurry for experiments according to drilling fluid used for on-site drilling (based on the well slurry, walnut shells, mica sheets, calcite particles, superfine calcium carbonate, polypropylene cellulose, shell powder and the like are added for preparation), adding a plugging material, uniformly stirring by using a high-speed stirrer, and then pouring into a high-temperature high-pressure kettle body 3;
rotating the high-temperature high-pressure kettle body 3 according to the requirement of the directional well, adjusting an included angle between the high-temperature high-pressure kettle body 3 and the horizontal direction, realizing positioning at 30 degrees, 45 degrees, 60 degrees and 90 degrees, simulating a directional well inclination angle, selecting wedge-shaped long crack models 12 with different seam widths according to the experimental requirement, and clamping by using a long crack core clamper 11 to ensure that the wedge-shaped long crack models 12 are fixedly connected to the right end of the high-temperature high-pressure kettle, keeping the crack opening of the wedge-shaped long crack model 12 close to the end of the high-temperature high-pressure kettle large, wherein the preset seam widths of the wedge-shaped long crack model 12 are respectively 1mm, 3mm and 5mm;
step three, starting a piston pressurizing device 5, slowly pressurizing (the pressurizing speed is 0.05 MPa/s) until the injection pressure of the drilling fluid on site is reached, simultaneously starting an external flexible heating sleeve 4 on the high-temperature high-pressure kettle body 3, slowly heating (the heating speed is 1 ℃/s) to simulate a high-temperature environment, and measuring the internal experimental temperature of the high-temperature high-pressure kettle body 3 in real time by using an internal temperature sensor 17 until the pressure and the temperature of the drilling fluid in the high-temperature high-pressure kettle body 3 are basically consistent with the drilling fluid under the well;
B. developing a leakage simulation test under different crack width gas invasion conditions:
step four, continuing to start the piston pressurizing device 5 to slowly pressurize, keeping the reverse air pressure valve 15 (the pressure of the reverse air pressure valve 15 is set to be 0.5 MPa) in a closed state until drilling fluid in the high-temperature high-pressure kettle body 3 is quickly leaked and enters the crack simulation device 9 and forms a certain plugging layer (the thickness of the plugging layer is 10 cm), stopping pressurizing, and preparing to carry out experimental tests of leakage simulation under the condition of gas invasion with different crack widths;
keeping the positive pressure of the piston pressurizing device 5 unchanged, controlling the positive pressure difference of the drilling fluid to be 0.5MPa, gradually opening a nitrogen cylinder 13 arranged at the initial end of the gas invasion simulation module 10 and a two-stage pressure regulating valve 14 arranged at the tail end of a precision pressure gauge 19, and starting the simulation experiment test of the leakage of the fractured strata with different seam widths;
step six, slowly opening a reverse air pressure valve 15 (the pressure of the reverse air pressure valve 15 is set to be 0.5 MPa) arranged at the tail part of the crack simulation device 9, so that gas flows in the crack simulation system to form a gas invasion channel;
seventhly, when the transient pressure and transient flow data transmitted by the instantaneous flowmeter 18 and the precision pressure gauge 19 are basically stable, and the gas invasion pressure difference is controlled to be 1 MPa, recording the gas invasion flow speed and pressure value;
step eight, after the simulation experiment of the leakage loss of the fractured strata with different seam widths is finished, closing the piston pressurizing device 5, taking out the wedge-shaped long fracture model 12, taking a picture, and observing the leakage loss condition in the wedge-shaped long fracture model 12;
replacing wedge-shaped long crack models 12 with different crack widths, and repeating the steps from the first step to the eighth step;
C. the following set of experiments were performed with the experimental variables changed:
step ten, after completing the test of the leakage simulation experiment of the fractured strata with different fracture widths, changing the test variable of the experiment into a fracture inclination angle, presetting the fracture inclination angles to be 0 degrees, 45 degrees and 90 degrees respectively, setting the fracture width of the wedge-shaped long fracture model 12 to be 2 mm in the experiment, setting the positive pressure difference of the drilling fluid to be 0.5MPa and the gas invasion pressure difference to be 0.5MPa, and repeating the steps one to nine to complete the test of the leakage simulation experiment under the condition of gas invasion with different inclination angles;
step eleven, after the loss simulation experiment test under the gas invasion conditions of different inclination angles is finished, continuously changing the experiment test variable into the drilling fluid positive pressure difference, presetting the drilling fluid positive pressure difference to be 1, 2 and 3 MPa respectively, setting the seam width of the wedge-shaped long fracture model 12 to be 2 mm in the experiment, setting the fracture inclination angle to be 90 degrees and the gas invasion pressure difference to be 0.5MPa, and repeating the steps one to ten to finish the loss simulation experiment test under the gas invasion conditions of different drilling fluid positive pressure differences.
In the third step, the maximum liquid injection pressure of the piston pressurizing device 5 in the experimental test process is as follows:
in the formula: represents the maximum injection pressure set by the piston pressurizing device 5; the density of the liquid phase fluid medium used in the experimental test is shown in kg/m 3 (ii) a Represents the acceleration m/s of gravity 2 (ii) a Represents the vertical height, m, of the directional well simulation device; the yield value Pa of the bentonite base slurry for experiments is shown; represents the diameter of the wellbore in actual conditions, m; representing the diameter of the drill string in actual conditions, m.
In the sixth step, the set values of the output pressure of the two-stage pressure regulating valve 14 and the safety pressure of the overflow valve 20 in the experimental test process are as follows:
in the formula: represents the output pressure, pa, of the two-stage pressure regulating valve 14 during the experimental test; the safety pressure Pa of the overflow valve in the experimental test process is shown; indicating an indication, pa, of a gas delivery point pressure sensor; the specified pressure Pa of the ferrule type check valve is expressed; represents the surface tension, N/m, of the liquid phase fluid medium used in the experimental tests; the radial distance m from the outlet of the relief valve 20 to the inner wall surface of the wellbore simulation device is shown; represents the inner radius of the gas phase conveying pipeline, m; represents the equivalent density difference set by experimental tests, kg/m 3 (ii) a And the axial vertical height m from the gas phase conveying pipeline to the top end of the shaft simulator is shown.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way, and any simple modifications and equivalent variations of the above embodiment according to the technical spirit of the present invention are within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides an experimental apparatus that is used for fissionable stratum multilayer leakage of condition is invaded to directional well gas to simulate which characterized in that: comprises a directional well leakage system, a fracture simulation system and a data acquisition system (16);
the directional well leakage system comprises a high-temperature high-pressure directional well drilling fluid simulation device (1) and a leakage simulation module (2);
the crack simulation system comprises a crack simulation device (9) and a gas invasion simulation module (10);
the data acquisition system (16) is used for acquiring the internal temperature of the directional well leakage system, the gas invasion flow rate of the fracture simulation system and the pressure value of the fracture simulation system.
2. The experimental apparatus for multi-layer leak-off simulation of fractured formation under directional well gas invasion conditions of claim 1, wherein: the drilling fluid simulation device (1) for the high-temperature high-pressure directional well comprises a high-temperature high-pressure kettle body (3) and an external flexible heating sleeve (4); the right end of the high-temperature high-pressure kettle body (3) is connected with a crack simulation device (9); the external flexible heating jacket (4) is arranged outside the high-temperature high-pressure kettle body (3).
3. The experimental apparatus for multi-layer leak-off simulation of fractured formation under directional well gas invasion conditions of claim 2, wherein: the leakage simulation module (2) comprises a piston pressurizing device (5), a drill string simulation device (6), a drilling fluid input module (7) and a drilling fluid leakage returning module (8); the piston pressurizing device (5) is arranged at the upper part of the high-temperature high-pressure kettle body (3); the drill string simulation device (6) is connected with the piston pressurizing device (5) and is arranged inside the high-temperature high-pressure kettle body (3); the drilling fluid input module (7) is sequentially connected with the piston pressurizing device (5) and the drill string simulation device (6); the drilling fluid leakage-returning module (8) is sequentially connected with the high-temperature high-pressure kettle body (3), the piston pressurizing device (5) and the overflow valve (20).
4. The experimental apparatus for multi-layer leak-off simulation of fractured formation under directional well gas invasion conditions of claim 3, wherein: the fracture simulation device (9) comprises a long fracture core holder (11) and a wedge-shaped long fracture model (12); the long crack core holder (11) is connected with the high-temperature high-pressure kettle body (3) through the wedge-shaped long crack model (12).
5. The experimental device for simulating the multilayer leakage of the fractured formation under the condition of the directional well gas invasion as claimed in claim 4, wherein the experimental device comprises: the gas invasion simulation module (10) comprises a nitrogen cylinder (13), a two-stage pressure regulating valve (14) and a reverse air pressure valve (15), which are sequentially communicated through a hose and a steel pipe; the reverse air pressure valve (15) is arranged at the tail of the crack simulation device (9), the crack simulation device (9) is connected with the instantaneous flowmeter (18), and the nitrogen cylinder (13) is connected with the double-stage pressure regulating valve (14) and is arranged at the tail of the precision pressure gauge (19).
6. The experimental apparatus for multi-layer leak-off simulation of fractured formation under directional well gas invasion conditions of claim 5, wherein: the long fracture core holder (11) comprises a long fracture core holder (11) with an inclination angle of 0 degree, a long fracture core holder (11) with an inclination angle of 45 degrees and a long fracture core holder (11) with an inclination angle of 90 degrees; the wedge-shaped long crack model (12) comprises a wedge-shaped long crack model (12) with a 1mm gap, a wedge-shaped long crack model (12) with a 3mm gap and a wedge-shaped long crack model (12) with a 5mm gap.
7. The experimental apparatus for multi-layer leak-off simulation of fractured formation under directional well gas invasion conditions of claim 6, wherein: the data acquisition system (16) comprises an internal temperature sensor (17), an instantaneous flow meter (18) and a precision pressure gauge (19); the internal temperature sensor (17) is arranged inside the high-temperature high-pressure kettle body (3); the instantaneous flowmeter (18) is connected with a precision pressure gauge (19) and then is arranged behind a reverse air pressure valve (15) at the tail part of the crack simulation device (9); the overflow valve (20) is connected with the drilling fluid return leakage module (8) and is arranged at the upper part of the piston pressurizing device (5).
8. Method for the experimental testing of the loss of drilling fluid in fractured formations under gas-cutting conditions with the experimental device according to any of the claims 1 to 7, comprising the following steps:
preparing bentonite-based slurry for experiments according to drilling fluid used for on-site drilling, adding a plugging material, uniformly stirring by using a high-speed stirrer, and filling into a high-temperature high-pressure kettle body (3);
rotating the high-temperature high-pressure kettle body (3) according to the requirement of the directional well, adjusting an included angle between the high-temperature high-pressure kettle body (3) and the horizontal direction, simulating a directional well inclination angle, selecting wedge-shaped long crack models (12) with different crack widths according to the experimental requirement, clamping by using a long crack core clamper (11), enabling the long crack core clamper to be fixedly connected to the right end of the high-temperature high-pressure kettle body (3), and keeping the crack opening of the wedge-shaped long crack model (12) close to the end of the tank large;
thirdly, starting a piston pressurizing device (5), slowly pressurizing until the injection pressure of the drilling fluid on site is reached, simultaneously starting an external flexible heating sleeve (4) on the high-temperature and high-pressure kettle body (3), slowly heating to simulate a high-temperature environment, and measuring the internal experiment temperature of the high-temperature and high-pressure kettle body (3) in real time by using an internal temperature sensor (17) until the pressure and the temperature of the drilling fluid in the high-temperature and high-pressure kettle body (3) are basically consistent with the underground drilling fluid;
continuously starting the piston pressurizing device (5) to slowly pressurize, keeping the reverse air pressure valve (15) in a closed state until drilling fluid in the high-temperature high-pressure kettle body (3) is quickly leaked and enters the crack simulating device (9) to form a certain sealing layer, stopping pressurizing, and preparing to carry out experiment tests of leakage simulation under the condition of gas invasion with different crack widths;
keeping the positive pressure of the piston pressurizing device (5) unchanged, controlling the positive pressure difference of the drilling fluid to be 0.5MPa, gradually opening a nitrogen cylinder (13) arranged at the initial end of the gas invasion simulation module (10) and a two-stage pressure regulating valve (14) arranged at the tail end of a precision pressure gauge (19), and starting the simulation experiment test of the leakage of the fractured strata with different seam widths;
step six, slowly opening a reverse air pressure valve (15) arranged at the tail part of the crack simulation device (9) to enable gas to flow in the crack simulation system to form a gas invasion channel;
seventhly, when the transient pressure and transient flow data transmitted by the instantaneous flowmeter (18) and the precision pressure gauge (19) are basically stable, and the gas invasion pressure difference is controlled to be 1 MPa, recording the gas invasion flow speed and pressure value;
step eight, after the simulation experiment of the leakage loss of the fractured strata with different seam widths is finished, closing the piston pressurizing device (5), taking out the wedge-shaped long fracture model (12) for photographing, and observing the leakage loss condition in the wedge-shaped long fracture model (12);
step nine, replacing wedge-shaped long crack models (12) with different crack widths, and repeating the step one to the step eight;
step ten, after completing the test of the loss simulation experiment of the fractured formation with different fracture widths, changing the test variable of the experiment into a fracture inclination angle, setting the fracture width of the wedge-shaped long fracture model (12) to be 2 mm in the experiment, setting the positive pressure difference of the drilling fluid to be 0.5MPa and the gas invasion pressure difference to be 0.5MPa, and repeating the steps one to nine to complete the loss simulation experiment test under the condition of gas invasion with different inclination angles;
step eleven, after the loss simulation experiment test under the gas invasion conditions of different inclination angles is finished, continuously changing an experiment test variable into a drilling fluid positive pressure difference, presetting the drilling fluid positive pressure difference to be 1, 2 and 3 MPa respectively, setting the seam width of the wedge-shaped long fracture model (12) to be 2 mm, the fracture inclination angle to be 90 degrees and the gas invasion pressure difference to be 0.5MPa in the experiment, and repeating the steps one to ten to finish the loss simulation experiment test under the gas invasion conditions of different drilling fluid positive pressure differences.
9. The method for experimental testing of the loss of drilling fluid from fractured formations under gas-cutting conditions according to claim 8, wherein: in the third step, the maximum liquid injection pressure of the piston pressurizing device (5) in the experimental test process is as follows:
in the formula: represents the maximum filling pressure set by the piston pressurizing device (5); the density of the liquid phase fluid medium used in the experimental test is shown in kg/m 3 (ii) a Represents the acceleration m/s of gravity 2 (ii) a Represents the vertical height, m, of the directional well simulation device; the yield value of the bentonite base slurry for experiments is expressed as Pa; represents the diameter of the wellbore in actual conditions, m; representing the diameter of the drill string, m, in actual practice.
10. The method for experimental testing of the loss of drilling fluid from fractured formations under gas-cutting conditions according to claim 9, wherein: in the sixth step, the set values of the output pressure of the two-stage pressure regulating valve (14) and the safety pressure of the overflow valve (20) in the experimental test process are as follows:
in the formula: represents the output pressure Pa of the two-stage pressure regulating valve (14) in the experimental test process; the safety pressure Pa of an overflow valve in the experimental test process is shown; indicating the reading Pa of a gas transmission point precision pressure gauge (19); the specified pressure Pa of the ferrule type check valve is shown; represents the surface tension, N/m, of the liquid phase fluid medium used in the experimental tests; the radial distance m from the outlet of the overflow valve (20) to the inner wall surface of the shaft simulator is shown; represents the inner radius, m, of the PU soft road; represents the equivalent density difference set by experimental tests, kg/m 3 (ii) a And the axial vertical height m from the gas phase conveying pipeline to the top end of the shaft simulator is shown.
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