CN115624155A - 一种鱼明胶基核黄素果冻及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种鱼明胶基核黄素果冻及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L21/00—Marmalades, jams, jellies or the like; Products from apiculture; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L21/10—Marmalades; Jams; Jellies; Other similar fruit or vegetable compositions; Simulated fruit products
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种鱼明胶基核黄素果冻及其制备方法,属于食品加工技术领域。本发明公开了一种鱼明胶基核黄素果冻,所述鱼明胶基核黄素果冻包括以下重量份数的原料:鱼明胶‑卡拉胶复合溶液100份、核黄素0.0002~0.001份、TG酶0.00001~0.0005份、橙汁10~35份、白砂糖15~25份、柠檬酸0.1~0.5份。本发明还公开了一种鱼明胶基核黄素果冻的制备方法,所述制备方法包括:在鱼明胶溶液中加入卡拉胶,水浴加热搅拌均匀得鱼明胶‑卡拉胶复合溶液,再加入其余组分进行交联处理,倒入模具后加热加压灭菌,然后冷却、冷藏得鱼明胶基核黄素果冻。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于食品加工技术领域,涉及一种鱼明胶基核黄素果冻及其制备方法。
背景技术
果冻是一种半固体甜点,因其甜味和独特的质地而受到各年龄段群体的欢迎。随着加工工艺的发展和人民生活水平的提高,消费者不再满足于食品基础的感官功能,对其营养功能及保健功能提出了更高的要求。近年来,研究者研制了一系列具有保健功能的果冻产品,中国专利申请文本(公开号:CN113812591A)报道了一种安神助眠百合蜜片保健果冻及其制备方法;中国专利申请文本(公开号:CN110742254A)提供了一种护肤美容保健果冻的制作方法;中国专利申请文本(公开号:CN109430781A)公开了一种生姜红糖红茶复合保健果冻的制备方法。显而易见,关于保健果冻研究的数量正不断增多,果冻在从休闲食品向健康食品转型,功能性果冻产品具有广阔的前景。
核黄素,即维生素B2,在维持机体健康方面起着至关重要的作用。人体自身不能合成核黄素,体内储存有限,因此每天都要由饮食提供。核黄素的缺乏可能导致代谢紊乱、儿童生长迟缓、皮肤/黏膜病变,甚至癌症和其他疾病。根据《中国居民膳食指南》的最新建议,青少年每天需要摄取 1.5mg(男)/1.2mg(女)的核黄素以满足身体健康的需要,成年男性为1.4mg/d,成年女性为1.2mg/d,孕期及哺乳期的女性每天则需要更多的核黄素。添加食品营养强化剂是目前世界各国普遍采用的改善居民营养状况的重要方法之一,即通过在特定的食物中加入一种或几种微量营养素,以提高人群对这些营养素的摄入量,从而纠正或防止由于微量营养素不足导致的有关疾病。GB 14880-2012中规定核黄素可用作营养强化剂添加于果冻产品中,使用量规定为1mg/kg~7mg/kg。虽然中国专利申请文本(公开号:CN108094990A)报道了核黄素可以作为一种提高脑力能量果冻的原料,但是该专利只是简单的将核黄素与其它营养素互配,并未考虑核黄素的包载、缓释等加工特性。
胶凝剂是果冻生产所需的主要成分,常见的如明胶、果胶、琼脂、卡拉胶和结冷胶等。中国专利申请文本(公开号:CN112690427A)报道了一种以食用明胶为原料的鲜花果冻的制备方法;中国专利申请文本(公开号: CN109430773A)公开的一种乳酸菌果冻制造方法中也使用了食用明胶。目前,世界上约98.5%的明胶均来源于哺乳动物,来源于鱼类的明胶仅占 1.5%。由于疯牛病、口蹄疫及素食主义等问题的困扰,哺乳动物明胶的食用安全备受质疑且应用受限。因此已经有研究人员开始采用鱼明胶作果冻胶凝剂,鱼明胶是从鱼皮或鱼骨中提取出的一种明胶。相较于哺乳动物明胶,鱼明胶不存在牛海绵状脑病、口蹄疫的风险;鱼明胶符合犹太和清真饮食法规的要求,不受素食主义者约束;除此之外,我国具有丰富的海洋资源,鱼类加工生产中会产生生物总量60%的鱼类废物,利用这些加工副产物来制取鱼明胶,既实现了变废为宝,又解决了明胶的需求问题。但是,与传统的商业明胶相比,鱼明胶较低的凝胶特性和胶融温度限制了鱼明胶在食品领域的应用,鱼明胶基产品较少。因此,多元有效开发鱼明胶基产品是促进鱼明胶产业蓬勃发展的关键。
如中国专利申请文本(公开号:CN103059745A)也公开了通过酶(如转谷酰胺酶)作用使鱼明胶在制备过程中发生酶交联或是用化学方法(如戊二醛、磷酸盐等)使鱼明胶发生化学交联,改善鱼明胶特性。
中国专利申请文本(公开号:CN109337948A)及其系列文献和专利则公开了先在鱼明胶中加入γ-聚谷氨酸制得鱼明胶-γ-聚谷氨酸溶液,并需要特殊控制溶液的pH;再加入TG酶进行改性,使制得的鱼明胶具有较高的胶融温度和凝胶强度;其先在鱼明胶中加入γ-聚谷氨酸的目的是增加鱼明胶的凝胶强度、胶融温度、硬度、胶粘性和咀嚼性,然后再加入TG酶催化鱼明胶和γ-聚谷氨酸交联;并且加入辅剂香兰素、柠檬酸钠、焦磷酸钠,使凝胶强度达到835g;但是γ-聚谷氨酸的加入会导致体系不稳定,易产生沉淀。
发明内容
本发明的目的是针对现有技术存在的上述问题,提出了一种通过添加 TG酶改善鱼明胶-卡拉胶复合体的凝胶性鱼明胶基核黄素果冻;并加入核黄素和橙汁以增加风味和营养,便于鱼明胶的应用。
本发明的目的可通过下列技术方案来实现:
一种鱼明胶基核黄素果冻,所述鱼明胶基核黄素果冻包括以下重量份数的原料:鱼明胶-卡拉胶复合溶液100份、核黄素0.0002~0.001份、TG 酶0.00001~0.0005份、橙汁10~35份、白砂糖15~25份、柠檬酸0.1~0.5 份。
本发明采用鱼明胶-卡拉胶体系,并且通过TG酶以催化鱼明胶-k卡拉胶形成稳定的复合体,该复合体具有较高的凝胶特性;相比于常规体系的混合,本发明正是采用水凝胶包载核黄素,并加入橙汁等组分将其制成硬度、咀嚼性、持水性较好且具有风味的鱼明胶基核黄素果冻。
作为优选,所述TG酶在鱼明胶-卡拉胶复合溶液中的添加量为 0.0001~0.0004%。
并且常规的果冻中会加入香精等添加剂来增加风味,但是这些添加剂毫无营养,而且添加剂在贮藏过程中容易因光、热等因素的影响而发生氧化并产生异味,危害健康。本发明无需加入香精、人工色素、防腐剂,而是通过加入天然的果汁和核黄素,在改善口感的同时补充营养。
作为优选,鱼明胶-卡拉胶复合溶液中鱼明胶的添加量为5.3~6.7%,
作为优选,鱼明胶-卡拉胶复合溶液中卡拉胶的添加量为0.4~0.65%
进一步优选,卡拉胶为κ-卡拉胶。
作为优选,鱼明胶-卡拉胶复合溶液中卡拉胶、鱼明胶的总添加量 5.8~7.0%。
作为优选,所述鱼明胶的凝胶强度为170~200Bloom。
作为优选,所述橙汁为赣南脐橙的鲜榨汁,Vc含量为50~60mg/100g。
作为优选,所述鱼明胶基核黄素果冻的持水性≥85%。
本发明还公开了一种鱼明胶基核黄素果冻的制备方法,所述制备方法包括:在鱼明胶溶液中加入卡拉胶,水浴加热搅拌均匀得鱼明胶-卡拉胶复合溶液,再加入其余组分进行交联处理,倒入模具后加热加压灭菌,然后冷却、冷藏得鱼明胶基核黄素果冻。
作为优选,所述水浴加热温度为40~60℃,时间为40~50min。
作为优选,所述交联处理温度为30~60℃,时间为30~60min。
交联后不需沸水浴灭酶处理,直接在模具内灭菌灭酶。
作为优选,所述模具内灭菌过程的温度为70~90℃,压力为 0.07~0.14mpa,时间为5~15min。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有以下有益效果:
1、本发明采用谷氨酰胺转氨酶交联鱼明胶-卡拉胶的水凝胶,能有效包载核黄素。
2、本发明的鱼明胶基核黄素果冻通过控制鱼明胶-卡拉胶体系中两者的比例,并与谷氨酰胺转氨酶交联形成稳定的凝胶复合体。
3、本发明制得的鱼明胶基核黄素果冻具有良好的感官特性和丰富的营养价值。
具体实施方式
以下是本发明的具体实施例,对本发明的技术方案作进一步的描述,但本发明并不限于这些实施例。
实施例1
称取鱼明胶(凝胶强度为180Bloom)倒入纯水中,经50℃水浴加热至溶解后,加入κ-卡拉胶,70℃磁力搅拌水浴锅直至完全溶解,得鱼明胶- 卡拉胶复合溶液,其中鱼明胶的添加量为5.5%,κ-卡拉胶的添加量为 0.5%。接着在100份鱼明胶-卡拉胶复合溶液中加入白砂糖22.5份,柠檬酸 0.25份、橙汁35份、核黄素0.0004份(4mg/kg),混匀后再加入TG酶0.0002 份(1000U),在45℃下交联40min。然后将混合液体倒入模具,密封后置于80℃,0.12MPa下灭菌10min,取出后迅速用冰水冷却,并放入4℃冰箱中凝冻24h。
实施例2
与实施例1相比,区别在于原料包括鱼明胶-卡拉胶复合溶液100份、白砂糖20份,柠檬酸0.15份、橙汁30份、核黄素0.0006份(6mg/kg)、 TG酶0.0002份(1000U)。
实施例3
与实施例1相比,区别在于TG酶的添加量为0.00015份。
实施例4
与实施例1相比,区别在于TG酶的添加量为0.0003份。
实施例5
与实施例1相比,区别在于TG酶的添加量为0.0001份。
实施例6
与实施例1相比,区别在于TG酶的添加量为0.00055份。
实施例7
与实施例1相比,区别在于鱼明胶-卡拉胶复合溶液中鱼明胶的添加量为5.55%,卡拉胶添加量为0.45%。
实施例8
与实施例1相比,区别在于鱼明胶-卡拉胶复合溶液中鱼明胶的添加量为5.4%,卡拉胶添加量为0.6%。
实施例9
与实施例1相比,区别在于鱼明胶-卡拉胶复合溶液中鱼明胶的添加量为5.6%,卡拉胶添加量为0.4%。
实施例10
与实施例1相比,区别在于鱼明胶-卡拉胶复合溶液中鱼明胶的添加量为5.35%,卡拉胶添加量为0.65%。
实施例11
与实施例1相比,区别在于鱼明胶-卡拉胶复合溶液中鱼明胶的添加量为5.2%,κ-卡拉胶的添加量为0.8%。
实施例12
与实施例1相比,区别在于鱼明胶-卡拉胶复合溶液中鱼明胶的添加量为5.2%,κ-卡拉胶的添加量为0.5%。
实施例13
与实施例1相比,区别在于鱼明胶-卡拉胶复合溶液中鱼明胶的添加量为6.5%,κ-卡拉胶的添加量为0.6%。
对比例1
与实施例1相比,区别在于不加入TG酶。
对比例2
与实施例1相比,区别在于不加入κ-卡拉胶,仅添加6%鱼明胶。
对比例3
与实施例1相比,区别在于不加入κ-卡拉胶和TG酶,仅添加6%鱼明胶。
对比例4
与实施例1相比,区别在于采用果胶替代κ-卡拉胶,果胶的添加量为 0.5%。
对比例5
与实施例1相比,区别在于香橙香精采用代替橙汁,添加量为0.1份。
将上述制得的产品进行性能测试,具体包括:持水性测试:采用TPA 仪器,借助挤压法测定果冻产品的持水力,通过称量测试前后果冻产品的质量差,得到持水力。凝胶性测试:采用TPA对果冻进行凝胶特性的测试,选取硬度和咀嚼度为评价指标,测试速度为1mm/s,形变量为40%。感官评定:选取年龄分布在20-30岁的10名(5男5女)专业感官评定人员对果冻进行感官评定,评分越高,说明制备的果冻更受欢迎。
果冻的性能结果如表1所示。
表1、鱼明胶基核黄素果冻的性能评价表
硬度(g) | 咀嚼度(g) | 持水性(%) | 感官评定 | |
实施例1 | 624.17 | 605.33 | 97.42 | 93.66 |
实施例2 | 601.36 | 587.01 | 93.41 | 87.22 |
实施例3 | 610.26 | 594.35 | 94.68 | 92.24 |
实施例4 | 602.38 | 571.74 | 90.99 | 86.80 |
实施例5 | 576.41 | 565.32 | 90.23 | 81.54 |
实施例6 | 529.24 | 509.69 | 86.59 | 82.86 |
实施例7 | 568.54 | 558.21 | 90.64 | 86.35 |
实施例8 | 574.69 | 560.19 | 90.51 | 85.97 |
实施例9 | 554.76 | 541.36 | 88.34 | 85.50 |
实施例10 | 563.47 | 569.08 | 86.05 | 81.40 |
实施例11 | 516.38 | 501.64 | 84.68 | 79.65 |
实施例12 | 476.34 | 458.90 | 82.42 | 78.61 |
实施例13 | 566.38 | 535.65 | 80.35 | 71.35 |
对比例1 | 465.30 | 428.13 | 80.09 | 80.00 |
对比例2 | 459.33 | 427.42 | 79.65 | 68.94 |
对比例3 | 405.27 | 400.38 | 70.41 | 64.28 |
对比例4 | 509.35 | 508.55 | 77.66 | 70.27 |
对比例5 | 543.21 | 532.76 | 86.27 | 70.95 |
根据表中数值可知,采用本发明的原料及比例,使制得的鱼明胶基核黄素果冻具有较好的硬度、咀嚼度、持水性和感官评定。
综上所述,本发明制得的鱼明胶基核黄素果冻通过谷氨酰胺转氨酶交联鱼明胶-卡拉胶复合体,能有效包载核黄素;且鱼明胶基核黄素果冻具有良好的感官特性和丰富的营养价值。
本文中所描述的具体实施例仅仅是对本发明精神作举例说明。本发明所属技术领域的技术人员可以对所描述的具体实施例做各种各样的修改或补充或采用类似的方式替代,但并不会偏离本发明的精神或者超越所附权利要求书所定义的范围。
Claims (10)
1.一种鱼明胶基核黄素果冻,其特征在于,所述鱼明胶基核黄素果冻包括以下重量份数的原料:鱼明胶-卡拉胶复合溶液100份、核黄素0.0002~0.001份、TG酶0.00001~0.0005份、橙汁10~35份、白砂糖15~25份、柠檬酸0.1~0.5份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的鱼明胶基核黄素果冻,其特征在于,所述TG酶在鱼明胶-卡拉胶复合溶液中的添加量为0.0001~0.0004%。
3.根据权利要求1所述的鱼明胶基核黄素果冻,其特征在于鱼明胶-卡拉胶复合溶液中鱼明胶的添加量为5.3~6.7%,卡拉胶的添加量为0.4~0.65%。
4.根据权利要求1或3所述的鱼明胶基核黄素果冻,其特征在于,鱼明胶-卡拉胶复合溶液中卡拉胶、鱼明胶的总添加量5.8~7.0%。
5.根据权利要求1所述的鱼明胶基核黄素果冻,其特征在于,所述橙汁为赣南脐橙的鲜榨汁,Vc含量为50~60mg/100g。
6.根据权利要求1所述的鱼明胶基核黄素果冻,其特征在于,所述鱼明胶基核黄素果冻的持水性≥85%。
7.一种如权利要求1所述的鱼明胶基核黄素果冻的制备方法,其特征在于,所述制备方法包括:在鱼明胶溶液中加入卡拉胶,水浴加热搅拌均匀得鱼明胶-卡拉胶复合溶液,再加入其余组分进行交联处理,倒入模具后加热加压灭菌,然后冷却、冷藏得鱼明胶基核黄素果冻。
8.根据权利要求7所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述水浴加热温度为40~60℃,时间为40~50min。
9.根据权利要求7所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述交联处理温度为30~60℃,时间为30~60min。
10.根据权利要求7所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述模具内灭菌过程的温度为70~90℃,压力为0.07~0.14MPa,时间为5~15min。
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