CN115623982A - Breeding method of drought-tolerant and disease-resistant corn - Google Patents
Breeding method of drought-tolerant and disease-resistant corn Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of corn breeding, in particular to a breeding method of drought-resistant and disease-resistant corn. The method specifically comprises the following steps: (1) Respectively hybridizing drought-enduring corns serving as female parents with different northern leaf blight-resistant corns serving as male parents to form a plurality of hybrid groups, selecting one of the hybrid groups as a target group, and separately harvesting F1-generation corn seeds of the target group and non-target groups; (2) Respectively planting the F1 generation corn seeds of the target group and the non-target group obtained in the step (1), collecting the pollen of the non-target group and mixing the pollen with a pollination auxiliary agent to obtain a pollen suspension; (3) Pollinating the target group by the pollen suspension liquid obtained in the step (2), harvesting the F2 generation corn seeds, and performing selfing stabilization. The breeding method of the invention can screen and obtain the corn variety which can resist corn northern leaf blight and is drought-resistant, and the quality of the corn variety is superior to that of the corn variety in the prior art.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of corn breeding, in particular to a breeding method of drought-resistant and disease-resistant corn.
Background
The northern leaf blight of corn is caused by Helminthosporium turcicum, mainly harms corn leaves, and also harms leaf sheaths and bracts in severe cases, generally gradually expands upwards from bottom leaves, and can spread throughout the whole plant in severe cases, but the northern leaf blight also has the condition of morbidity from middle-upper leaves. Northern leaf blight is one of the important diseases of corn and widely distributed in various corn cultivation areas in the world. The yield is reduced by 15-20% in the year and more than 50% in the serious case. The occurrence and prevalence of the disease are comprehensively influenced by a plurality of factors such as the disease resistance of the inbred line, the crop rotation system, the climatic conditions, the cultivation measures and the like. With the popularization of disease-resistant hybrid and the change of cultivation system, the disease risk is once controlled, but further research and control are needed.
The method for preventing and treating the corn northern leaf blight mainly comprises agricultural prevention and chemical prevention, wherein the agricultural prevention mainly aims to improve the farming and cultivation environment, carry out crop rotation and stubble rotation in a planned way, avoid continuous cropping, stubble-cutting planting and the like, but the prevention and treatment effect is not obvious. The chemical prevention and control is mainly carried out by spraying 1000 times of 80% Sukejing wettable powder, or 500 times of 50% carbendazim wettable powder, or 600 times of 50% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder, but the problem of pesticide residue is caused.
Therefore, the technical personnel in the field need to solve the problem of providing a drought-tolerant and disease-resistant variety, solving the problem of northern leaf blight from the root and simultaneously obtaining drought-tolerant corn germplasm resources.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a breeding method of drought-tolerant and disease-resistant corn, a corn variety which can resist corn northern leaf blight and is drought-tolerant can be obtained by screening through the breeding method, and the quality of the corn variety is superior to that of the corn variety in the prior art.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
the invention provides a breeding method of drought-enduring and disease-resistant corn, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Respectively hybridizing drought-enduring corns serving as female parents and different northern leaf spot-resistant corns serving as male parents to form a plurality of hybrid groups, selecting one of the hybrid groups as a target group, and separately harvesting F1-generation corn seeds of the target group and the non-target group;
(2) Respectively planting the F1 generation corn seeds of the target group and the non-target group obtained in the step (1), collecting the pollen of the non-target group and mixing the pollen with a pollination auxiliary agent to obtain a pollen suspension;
(3) Pollinating the target group by the pollen suspension liquid obtained in the step (2) to harvest F2 generation corn seeds;
(4) Planting the F2 generation corn seeds obtained in the step (3), harvesting the seeds and stabilizing the seeds by selfing.
Preferably, the northern leaf blight-resistant corn in the step (1) is one or more of dongsui 1331, ciboti 808, Q9785, meishuo 816, zhouyu 1 and nong singly 175.
Preferably, the drought-enduring corn in the step (1) is one of 8 # in the agricultural family, repu 909, shandan 650, MC703, zhengdan 958 and Longyu 369.
Preferably, the step (4) is stabilized by 2-4 generations of selfing.
Preferably, the pollination adjuvant in the step (2) comprises the following components in parts by mass: 0.2 to 0.8 portion of gibberellin, 0.5 to 1.5 portions of calcium chloride, 3 to 6 portions of honey, 1 to 3 portions of xanthan gum, 0.2 to 0.8 portion of boric acid and 80 to 100 portions of water.
Preferably, the preparation method of the pollination adjuvant comprises the following steps: mixing gibberellin, calcium chloride, honey, xanthan gum, boric acid and water.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the breeding method of the corn is simple and easy to implement, and the target variety with excellent variety can be obtained without a complex breeding method, so that the method is suitable for breeding the corn in different areas.
2. The corn variety obtained by the method has high average seed yield which is obviously higher than that of the excellent corn variety in the prior art, and has excellent corn northern leaf blight resistance. Therefore, the method can breed varieties with excellent resistance to corn northern leaf blight and drought tolerance.
3. In the pollen germination process, the honey can provide energy for the pollen, also can play a role in regulating osmotic pressure, maintains normal vitality and is beneficial to germination; the boron ions can participate in the synthesis of pectin substances, the construction of pollen tube walls is facilitated, and the germination rate of peanut pollen is greatly improved. Synthesis of pectic substance, a component of pollen tube membrane, to control cell wall construction, and boric acid as Ca 2+ Induction of extracellular Ca by inducers 2+ Enter into cells to form Ca dependent on the growth of the top of the pollen tube 2+ And (4) gradient. The addition of gibberellin also has the effect of promoting pollen germination and growth.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a breeding method of drought-enduring and disease-resistant corn, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Respectively hybridizing drought-enduring corns serving as female parents and different northern leaf spot-resistant corns serving as male parents to form a plurality of hybrid groups, selecting one of the hybrid groups as a target group, and separately harvesting F1-generation corn seeds of the target group and the non-target group;
(2) Respectively planting the F1 generation corn seeds of the target group and the non-target group obtained in the step (1), collecting the pollen of the non-target group and mixing the pollen with a pollination auxiliary agent to obtain a pollen suspension;
(3) Pollinating the target group by the pollen suspension liquid obtained in the step (2) to harvest F2 generation corn seeds;
(4) Planting the F2 generation corn seeds obtained in the step (3), harvesting the seeds and stabilizing the seeds by selfing.
In the invention, the northern leaf blight resistant corn in the step (1) is one or more of Dongmuian 1331, shuangchuang 808, Q9785, meishuo 816, zhouyu 1 and nong singly 175;
in the invention, the drought-enduring corn in the step (1) is one of 8 # of agricultural science, repu 909, shandan 650, MC703, zhengdan 958 and Longyu 369; preferably 8-type agricultural science, rapu 909, shan bill 650 and MC703; further preferably rapp 909.
In the invention, the step (4) is stabilized by 2-4 generations of selfing; preferably 3 generations.
In the invention, the pollination adjuvant in the step (2) comprises the following components in parts by mass: 0.2 to 0.8 portion of gibberellin, 0.5 to 1.5 portions of calcium chloride, 3 to 6 portions of honey, 1 to 3 portions of xanthan gum, 0.2 to 0.8 portion of boric acid and 80 to 100 portions of water; the composition preferably comprises the following components in parts by mass: 0.3 to 0.7 portion of gibberellin, 0.7 to 1.3 portions of calcium chloride, 4 to 5 portions of honey, 2 portions of xanthan gum, 0.3 to 0.7 portion of boric acid and 84 to 96 portions of water; further preferably comprises the following components in parts by mass: 0.4 to 0.6 portion of gibberellin, 0.9 to 1.1 portion of calcium chloride, 4.5 portions of honey, 2 portions of xanthan gum, 0.4 to 0.6 portion of boric acid and 88 to 92 portions of water; more preferably comprises the following components in parts by mass: 0.5 part of gibberellin, 1 part of calcium chloride, 4.5 parts of honey, 2 parts of xanthan gum, 0.5 part of boric acid and 90 parts of water.
In the invention, the preparation method of the pollination adjuvant comprises the following steps: mixing gibberellin, calcium chloride, honey, xanthan gum, boric acid and water.
The technical solutions provided by the present invention are described in detail below with reference to examples, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
A breeding method of drought-enduring and disease-resistant corn comprises the following steps:
(1) Respectively hybridizing drought-enduring corn, namely Nongkoda No. 8, serving as a female parent with different northern leaf blight-resistant corns (Q9785, meishuo 816, zhouyu 1 and nongdan 175) serving as male parents to form 4 hybrid groups, selecting one hybrid group (Nongkoda No. 8 multiplied by Q9785) as a target group, and selecting the other three hybrid groups as non-target groups, and separately harvesting F1 generation corn seeds of the target group and the non-target groups;
(2) Respectively planting the F1 generation corn seeds of the target group and the non-target group obtained in the step (1), collecting the pollen of the non-target group and mixing the pollen with a pollination auxiliary agent to obtain a pollen suspension;
(3) Pollinating the target group by the pollen suspension liquid obtained in the step (2) to harvest F2 generation corn seeds;
(4) Planting the F2 generation corn seeds obtained in the step (3), harvesting the seeds, and performing 2 generation selfing stabilization;
the preparation method of the pollination auxiliary agent comprises the following steps: mixing gibberellin 0.2 parts, calcium chloride 0.5 parts, honey 3 parts, xanthan gum 1 part, boric acid 0.2 part and water 80 parts.
Example 2
A breeding method of drought-enduring and disease-resistant corn comprises the following steps:
(1) Respectively hybridizing drought-enduring corn Zhengdan 958 serving as a female parent with different northern leaf blight-resistant corns (Chuangchuang 808, meishuo 816, zhongyu 1 and nongdan 175) serving as male parents to form 4 hybrid groups, selecting one hybrid group (Zhengdan 958 multiplied by Chuangchuang 808) as a target group and the other three hybrid groups as non-target groups, and separately harvesting the F1 generation corn seeds of the target group and the non-target groups;
(2) Respectively planting the F1 generation corn seeds of the target group and the non-target group obtained in the step (1), collecting the pollen of the non-target group and mixing the pollen with a pollination auxiliary agent to obtain a pollen suspension;
(3) Pollinating the target group by the pollen suspension liquid obtained in the step (2) to harvest F2 generation corn seeds;
(4) Planting the F2 generation corn seeds obtained in the step (3), harvesting the seeds, and performing 4 generation selfing stabilization;
the preparation method of the pollination auxiliary agent comprises the following steps: mixing gibberellin 0.8 parts, calcium chloride 1.5 parts, honey 6 parts, xanthan gum 3 parts, boric acid 0.8 parts and water 100 parts.
Example 3
A breeding method of drought-enduring and disease-resistant corn comprises the following steps:
(1) Respectively hybridizing drought-enduring corn rapes 909 serving as female parents with different northern leaf blight-resistant corns (Dongdong 1331, co-creation 808, Q9785, meishuo 816, zhouyu 1 and nongdan 175) serving as male parents to form 6 hybrid groups, selecting one hybrid group (rapes 909 multiplied by Dongdong 1331) as a target group and the other three hybrid groups serving as non-target groups, and separately harvesting F1 generation corn seeds of the target group and the non-target groups;
(2) Respectively planting the F1 generation corn seeds of the target group and the non-target group obtained in the step (1), collecting the pollen of the non-target group and mixing the pollen with a pollination aid to obtain a pollen suspension;
(3) Pollinating the target group by the pollen suspension liquid obtained in the step (2) to harvest F2 generation corn seeds;
(4) Planting the F2 generation corn seeds obtained in the step (3), harvesting the seeds, and performing 3 generation selfing stabilization;
the preparation method of the pollination adjuvant comprises the following steps: 0.5 part of gibberellin, 1 part of calcium chloride, 4.5 parts of honey, 2 parts of xanthan gum, 0.5 part of boric acid and 90 parts of water are mixed.
Example 4
The maize varieties obtained in examples 1 to 3 were subjected to yield and disease-resistant planting tests, and a common disease-resistant and drought-tolerant variety was selected as a control group (Midan No. 1).
One dry land (annual average precipitation is about 100 mm) is selected, 1.2 mu is used, the dry land is divided into 12 areas on average, and three areas are randomly planted in each test group. The same management method was used for each test group, and the results of examining the acre yield and the incidence of northern leaf blight for each test group are shown in tables 1 to 3.
Grading standard of the disease degree of the corn northern leaf blight: stage 0: the disease area of the corn northern leaf blight accounts for 10% or less of the sowing area; level 1: the disease area of the corn northern leaf blight accounts for 11-20% of the sowing area; stage 2: the disease area of the corn northern leaf blight accounts for 21-50% of the sowing area; and 3, stage: the disease area of the corn northern leaf blight accounts for 51-80% of the sowing area; 4, level: the disease area of the corn northern leaf blight accounts for more than 81% of the sowing area.
Table 1 example 1 group investigation results
Table 2 example 2 group investigation results
| Mu yield (kg) | Grade of onset | |
| 1 | 546.2 | 2 |
| 2 | 564.7 | 2 |
| 3 | 553.6 | 1 |
| Average out | 554.8 | 1.7 |
Table 3 example 3 group investigation results
| Mu yield (kg) | Grade of onset | |
| 1 | 632.4 | 0 |
| 2 | 603.5 | 1 |
| 3 | 612.1 | 0 |
| Average out | 616.0 | / |
TABLE 4 investigation results of control group
| Mu yield (kg) | Grade of disease onset | |
| 1 | 524.3 | 2 |
| 2 | 503.6 | 3 |
| 3 | 514.7 | 3 |
| Average | 514.2 | / |
As can be seen from the descriptions in tables 1 to 4, the corn variety obtained by the method of example 3 has the highest average yield per mu, which reaches 616.0 kg/mu and is improved by 20 percent compared with the control group. While the grade of the disease in the group of example 3 was significantly reduced compared to the control group and examples 1 and 2. Therefore, the method can breed varieties with excellent resistance to corn northern leaf blight and drought tolerance and is superior to the varieties in the prior art.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A breeding method of drought-enduring and disease-resistant corn is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) Respectively hybridizing drought-enduring corns serving as female parents and different northern leaf spot-resistant corns serving as male parents to form a plurality of hybrid groups, selecting one of the hybrid groups as a target group, and separately harvesting F1-generation corn seeds of the target group and the non-target group;
(2) Respectively planting the F1 generation corn seeds of the target group and the non-target group obtained in the step (1), collecting the pollen of the non-target group and mixing the pollen with a pollination aid to obtain a pollen suspension;
(3) Pollinating the target group by the pollen suspension liquid obtained in the step (2) to harvest F2 generation corn seeds;
(4) Planting the F2 generation corn seeds obtained in the step (3), harvesting the seeds and stabilizing the seeds by selfing.
2. The method for breeding drought-enduring and disease-resistant corn according to claim 1, wherein the northern leaf blight-resistant corn of step (1) is one or more of Dongdui 1331, lingfang 808, Q9785, meishuo 816, zhouyu 1 and nong Dan 175.
3. The selective breeding method of drought-enduring and disease-resistant corns according to claim 1, wherein the drought-enduring corns in the step (1) are one of the agricultural science Dada No. 8, the Ruipu 909, shandan 650, MC703, zhengdan 958, longyu 369.
4. The method for breeding drought-enduring disease-resistant maize according to claim 1, wherein the maize in step (4) is stabilized by 2-4 generations of selfing.
5. The breeding method of drought-enduring disease-resistant corn according to claim 1, wherein the pollination adjuvant of the step (2) comprises the following components in parts by mass: 0.2 to 0.8 portion of gibberellin, 0.5 to 1.5 portions of calcium chloride, 3 to 6 portions of honey, 1 to 3 portions of xanthan gum, 0.2 to 0.8 portion of boric acid and 80 to 100 portions of water.
6. The breeding method of drought-enduring and disease-resistant corn as claimed in claim 5, wherein the preparation method of the pollination adjuvant is as follows: mixing gibberellin, calcium chloride, honey, xanthan gum, boric acid and water.
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