CN115581308A

CN115581308A - Stem and crutch removing system and stem and crutch removing method

Info

Publication number: CN115581308A
Application number: CN202211093450.0A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 董安喜; 杨锐; 徐永青; 潘洪军; 邱旭光; 马铁兵; 王栋; 王永金; 吴福立; 蒋文英
Original assignee: Zhisi Holding Group Co ltd
Current assignee: Zhisi Holding Group Co ltd
Priority date: 2019-11-05
Filing date: 2020-09-30
Publication date: 2023-01-10
Also published as: CN110742299A; CN115581308A8; CN112056612B; CN112056612A

Abstract

The invention provides a stem and crutch removing system, which comprises a screening machine and a vision removing system; the visual rejection system comprises a visual rejection unit, and the visual rejection unit comprises a material dispersing mechanism, a material guiding mechanism, a visual identification rejection mechanism, a stem crutch outlet and a tobacco stem outlet; the materials to be sorted separated out by the screening machine are sent to the material dispersing mechanism; the material guide mechanism is a material guide plate or a sliding plate, the material guide plate or the sliding plate is obliquely arranged below an outlet of the material dispersing mechanism, the visual identification rejecting mechanism is arranged close to the outlet of the material guide plate or the sliding plate, and the visual identification rejecting mechanism is used for rejecting peduncles in materials to be sorted. Compared with the prior art, the method can realize multiple sorting of the stem stalks and the tobacco stems by multiple methods, not only improves the stem stalk removing efficiency and the process index, but also can effectively avoid mistaken removing of the tobacco stems.

Description

Stem and crutch removing system and stem and crutch removing method

The application is a divisional application of CN 202011063774.0.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of stem shred reconstruction, and particularly relates to a stem and crutch removing system and a stem and crutch removing method.

Background

The stalk stalks are the components of the tobacco stalks, and the stalk stalks in the tobacco stalks account for about (5 to 15)% of the weight of the tobacco stalks. The stem crutch has high lignin content and is easy to absorb water, the processes of stem pressing, stem shredding, material feeding and the like are easily influenced in the processing process of cut stems, the operation of equipment is unstable, and the quality of cigarettes is influenced by quality fluctuation of cut stem products.

The traditional processing method is to remove stem stalks from tobacco stems by a vibration type stem stalk and stalk removing machine and a roller type stem stalk and stalk removing machine, because the diameter difference of the stem stalks is large and the shapes are different, the material is easy to clamp by stem stalk screening equipment, the mechanical removing efficiency is very low, and the purity of the processed tobacco stems is low.

The patent drum-type stem crutch screening and removing machine (application number CN 201110275442.3) provides a drum-type stem crutch screening and removing machine for screening and removing continuous operation of stem crutch, which comprises a drum screen erected on a bracket and surrounded by an equipment shell, wherein the drum screen comprises a plurality of steel pipes which are equally arranged in parallel along the circumference; a stalk-turning conveyor is axially arranged in the drum screen close to the center of the drum screen, and a tobacco stalk conveyor is coaxially arranged below the drum screen; the stalk crutch conveyor and the tobacco stalk conveyor are both a U-shaped spiral conveyor with an opening at the upper part or other conveying modes; a stem stalk V-shaped material collecting plate and a tobacco stalk V-shaped material collecting plate are fixedly installed along two sides of an upper opening of the stem stalk conveyer and two sides of an upper opening of the tobacco stalk conveyer respectively, and the tobacco stalks and the stem stalks are conveyed to an outlet by respective spiral conveyers respectively.

The patent vibration stalk crutch rejecting machine (application number CN 201822047401.9) discloses a vibration stalk crutch rejecting machine, which comprises a screen body, a crutch clearing device and a frame; the screen body comprises a left side plate, a right side plate, a transverse stay bar, a suspender and a screen plate; the transverse stay bar is fixed at the upper ends of the left side plate and the right side plate; the sieve plates are arranged in the front-back direction, and each sieve plate is fixedly connected with different transverse support rods at least two positions through a suspension rod; the corner clearing device comprises a side bracket, a linear sliding table, a sliding block, a swing cylinder and a scraper rod; the side bracket is fixed on the frame; the linear sliding table is fixed on the side support, and a moving part of the linear sliding table moves along the front-back direction; the slide block is arranged on the moving piece and moves back and forth along with the moving piece; the swing cylinder is fixed on the sliding block, and an output shaft of the swing cylinder is connected with the scraper bar through a connecting rod; a row of scrapers are arranged on the scraper rod at equal intervals from left to right. The vibrating stalk crutch rejecting machine is simple in structure and convenient to maintain, and can effectively prevent stalk crutches from being clamped in a gap of a sieve plate.

The two patents represent two basic forms of the existing stalk turning screening, one is a drum type, the other is a vibration groove type, and the stalk turning is removed according to the external dimension in a mechanical screening mode. Because the diameters of the peduncle crutches are different greatly and the shapes of the peduncle crutches are different, the mechanical removing efficiency is low, and even the peduncle crutches are invalid, so that the technical goal cannot be reached.

The invention patent application with the publication number of CN105396795A discloses a device for removing tobacco stalks from tobacco stalks based on machine vision, which comprises a vibrating conveyor, a high-speed belt conveyor connected with the vibrating conveyor and a removing system arranged at the rear section of the high-speed belt conveyor; the removing system comprises an image acquisition device, an illumination light source, a background light source, an image processing system, a removing valve positioned at the rear end of the high-speed belt conveyor, a tobacco stem channel and a tobacco stem channel; an image acquisition device; the illumination light source and the background light source are respectively positioned at the upper side and the lower side of the material surface, and the two illumination light sources are respectively arranged at the left side and the right side of the scanning line of the image acquisition device and are focused on the scanning line of the material surface at an inclination angle of 30-45 degrees. This solution has a number of problems: (1) The vibrating conveyor cannot remove materials, and as the tobacco stems contain some broken stems to be removed, the application cannot remove part of useless broken stems in advance, so that the effect and efficiency of rear-end visual removal are improved. (2) The technical personnel in the field generally utilize a high-speed belt conveyor to convey tobacco leaves, and because the tobacco stems have small areas and small friction force with a belt of the high-speed belt conveyor, the tobacco stems are easy to slip on the high-speed belt conveyor, and the moving path of the tobacco stems is unstable. (3) According to the application, an image acquisition device and a rejection valve are arranged on a parabolic path of tobacco stems, as is well known, the parabolic paths of stem turns with different weights and volumes are different, and some stem turns fall before reaching the rejection valve or even before reaching the image acquisition device, so that rejection failure is caused. (4) The high-speed belt conveyor is difficult to maintain, has the off tracking problem for the delivery path of stalk turning is inaccurate, unstable, that is to say, image acquisition device, the rejection valve of placing in advance are not on the delivery path of stalk turning, and image acquisition device turns to the rejection from the discernment stalk, and easy mistake is rejected or is rejected not. This obviously results in a failure in removal, requires continuous adjustment of the high-speed belt conveyor to correct the conveying path of the tobacco stems, has poor usability, and cannot be applied in industry. (5) The cost of using and maintaining the high-speed belt conveyor is higher.

Therefore, the current situation is that an efficient stem stalk removing process is urgently needed, the process equipment is stable in operation and free of material blockage, the purity of the tobacco stalks after stem stalk removing is high, and the wrong removing rate is low.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention provides a stem and crutch removing system, which removes stem and crutch by adopting a visual identification removing mode, analyzes raw material stems before visual removing, removes impurities influencing spectral removing judgment in advance, reduces the load of visual removing, and greatly improves the efficiency of visual removing stem and crutch.

The stem and crutch removing system provided by the invention comprises a screening machine and a vision removing system; the visual rejection system comprises a visual rejection unit, and the visual rejection unit comprises a material dispersing mechanism, a material guiding mechanism, a visual identification rejection mechanism, a stem crutch outlet and a tobacco stem outlet; the materials to be sorted separated out by the screening machine are sent to the material dispersing mechanism; the material guide mechanism is a material guide plate or a sliding plate, the material guide plate or the sliding plate is obliquely arranged below the outlet of the material dispersing mechanism, the visual recognition removing mechanism is arranged close to the outlet of the material guide plate or the sliding plate, and the visual recognition removing mechanism is used for removing stalks from materials to be sorted.

The raw material tobacco stems contain various broken stems, fine stems, irregular stems and other tobacco stems and stem crutches which are different in shape, the tobacco stems and the stem crutches have adverse effects on stable operation of visual rejection, when the raw material stems are fed into the system, the raw material stems are sorted by the screening machine, materials which are easy to be separated by the screening machine are sorted, and only the tobacco stems containing the stems and the stems which need to be further sorted by the visual rejection are fed into the visual rejection system, so that the materials entering the material dispersing mechanism are reduced, the materials can be loosened, and the materials are dispersed by the material dispersing mechanism and spread to thin the materials. According to the invention, the combined mode of screening and visual rejection is adopted to screen and reject the stalk and the crutch, and impurities influencing the visual rejection judgment are removed in advance, so that the database load of a visual rejection system can be effectively reduced, the algorithm is simplified, and the stalk and crutch rejection efficiency is greatly improved. Due to the fact that materials entering the visual rejection system are reduced after being sorted by the screening machine, the pressure of the visual rejection system is reduced.

The guide plate or the sliding plate which is obliquely arranged is used as a guide mechanism, the weight of the material is utilized for acceleration, and when the material passes through the vision system, the running direction of the material moves downwards in an oblique manner, so that the change of the running direction of the gravity to the material in a short distance is extremely small, and the stable running of the vision system is ensured.

Preferably, the material guiding mechanism is a material guiding plate, the visual identification rejecting mechanism is a spectrum rejector, the material dispersing mechanism is an excitation conveyor, at least one channel is arranged in the excitation conveyor, a material guiding plate is obliquely arranged at a discharge port of each channel, the spectrum rejector is respectively arranged at an outlet of each material guiding plate, and each channel of the excitation conveyor forms a visual rejecting unit with the corresponding material guiding plate, the spectrum rejector, the stem outlet and the tobacco stem outlet. After the materials enter the excitation conveyor, the materials are dispersed in a high-frequency low-amplitude vibration mode under the action of excitation force and sequentially enter the material guide plate.

Preferably, a material separating traveling crane is arranged above the excitation conveyor, the materials to be separated by the screening machine are sent to the material separating traveling crane, and the material separating traveling crane can move back and forth to scatter the materials to be separated in each channel of the excitation conveyor. The material distributing traveling crane is used for distributing materials for the visual rejecting system, the material distribution is uniform, the continuity is good, and the problems of discontinuity and material blockage caused by the fact that a scraper feeder is used for feeding in the prior art are solved.

Preferably, the material distributing travelling crane is a belt conveyor capable of travelling on a rail, and a conveying belt of the material distributing travelling crane can move in two directions; when the peduncle crutch needs to be removed, the material distribution travelling crane reciprocates between the left end and the right end of the track of the material distribution travelling crane, and a conveying belt of a belt conveyor of the material distribution travelling crane rotates in the positive direction, so that the materials to be separated are uniformly distributed to all channels of the excitation conveyor; when the peduncle crutch does not need to be removed, the material-distributing travelling crane stays at the end part of the track, the conveyer belt stops rotating at the moment, or the conveyer belt rotates reversely, and the materials to be sorted are sent to the main line auxiliary connecting equipment. The material distributing travelling crane can evenly distribute materials and can directly short the vision eliminating system when the vision eliminating system is not needed, so that materials conveyed by the screening machine can directly enter the main line auxiliary connecting equipment, and the requirements of different working conditions are met.

Preferably, a discharge port belt conveyor is arranged below the tobacco stem outlet and is connected with a ventilation conveying pipeline through a main line auxiliary connecting device; when the conveying belt of the material separating travelling crane rotates reversely, the materials on the conveying belt fall into the material outlet belt conveyor and are conveyed into the wind conveying pipeline through the material outlet belt conveyor. The wind conveying pipe is high in conveying efficiency and convenient to manage.

Preferably, the visual rejection system comprises two groups of excitation conveyors, the material distribution travelling crane sends the materials to be sorted into one group of excitation conveyors, and the materials output from the stalk crutch outlets of the excitation conveyors are sent into the other group of excitation conveyors through the conveyors. The material flow output by the first group of excitation conveyors is relatively large, the probability of rejecting the tobacco stems which meet the requirements as stem stalks is relatively large, certain screening precision is sacrificed at the moment, the material flow output by the other group of excitation conveyors is relatively small, the stem stalks are rejected, and the tobacco stems which are rejected by mistake for the first time are reserved.

Preferably, the material dispersing mechanism is a material homogenizer, the material guiding mechanism is a sliding plate, and the visual identification and rejection mechanism comprises a visual identification device and a rejection device; the sliding plate is arranged below the outlet of the material homogenizer, and the upper end of the sliding plate extends upwards to the front of the material homogenizer, or the sliding plate is arranged below the outlet of the material homogenizer, and a baffle is arranged in front of the outlet of the material homogenizer. The two setting modes of the sliding plate can guide tobacco stem materials to slide downwards, so that the movement path of the tobacco stem materials is ensured, the subsequent visual identification and stem removing are more accurate, and the possibility of mistakenly removing the tobacco stems is reduced. The tobacco stems containing the stem stalks are uniformly spread on the homogenizing device to be in a single-layer non-overlapping state. A baffle plate is arranged in front of the outlet of the homogenizing device or the upper end of the sliding plate is positioned in front of the outlet of the homogenizing device, so that tobacco stems are prevented from being scattered, and the tobacco stems can be guided into the sliding plate by the baffle plate. The tobacco stem moving path is fixed, so that the visual system can effectively identify the stem crutch and can effectively remove the stem crutch. The tobacco stem sliding device disclosed by the invention can quickly slide downwards through the sliding plate by means of the self weight of the tobacco stem, and the sliding track of the tobacco stem is very small in change. The invention removes the stalk crutch on line, has high stalk crutch removing efficiency, high automation degree and less equipment occupation, and meets the requirements of reducing raw material consumption and improving product quality of cigarette enterprises.

Preferably, the visual eliminating system comprises a plurality of groups of visual eliminating units, the plurality of groups of visual eliminating units are divided into a primary eliminating system and a preferred system, the materials to be selected and separated by the screening machine are sent to the material homogenizer of the primary eliminating system, and the materials output from the stalk outlet of the primary eliminating system are sent to the material homogenizer of the preferred system through the conveyor. The material flow in the primary removing system is relatively large, the probability of removing the tobacco stems meeting the requirements as stem stalks is relatively large, certain screening precision is sacrificed at the moment, the material flow of the optimized system is relatively small, the stem stalks are removed, and the tobacco stems which are mistakenly removed in the primary removing process are reserved.

Preferably, the conveyor is a bucket elevator and comprises a shell, a storage box mounting conveyor belt and storage boxes, wherein the storage box mounting conveyor belt is provided with a plurality of storage boxes at intervals, the cross section of each storage box is triangular with an opening on one side, and a certain amount of tobacco stems can be conveniently loaded.

Preferably, a dust filtering net with adjustable height is installed at the bottom of the bucket elevator, an ash receiving box is installed below the dust filtering net, and fine ash is collected in the ash receiving box. The installation height of the dust filter screen can be adjusted by a screw rod, so that the friction with the storage box can be avoided, and the material accumulation can be prevented. The ash receiving box is provided with an ash receiving drawer, so that the ash receiving box is convenient to open and can be used for treating accumulated ash at any time.

Preferably, a return material lower screw is arranged below the stalk crutch outlet of one group of the excitation conveyors and the primary picking system, a return material upper screw is arranged above the other group of the excitation conveyors and the primary picking system, an inlet and an outlet of the hopper material elevator are respectively communicated with the return material lower screw and the return material upper screw, and materials output from the stalk crutch outlet are sent to the other group of the excitation conveyors or the primary picking system through the return material lower screw, the hopper material elevator and the return material lower screw.

Preferably, the device also comprises a flow control unit, wherein the flow control unit comprises a storage cabinet, an obliquely arranged lifting belt conveyor, a material homogenizing roller, a discharge hopper, a metering pipe and a belt scale; the inlet end of the lifting belt conveyor is connected with the storage cabinet, the outlet end of the lifting belt conveyor is connected with the discharge hopper, and the material homogenizing roller is positioned above the conveying belt of the lifting belt conveyor; the outlet of the discharge hopper is connected with the metering pipe, the belt scale is positioned below the outlet of the metering pipe, and the outlet of the belt scale is connected with the screening machine. The flow control unit is arranged in front of the sieving machine, so that the quantitative feeding function can be realized, the flow stability is ensured, and the metering function is realized.

Preferably, the device further comprises a hemp thread removing machine, wherein the hemp thread removing machine is positioned between the flow control unit and the screening machine and arranged at the tail part of the belt scale; the hemp thread removing machine comprises a rolling shaft, and sticky cloth is arranged on the rolling shaft. The hemp threads are impurities falling from hemp bags packaged by tobacco stems, are mixed in the tobacco stems and can be wound on a screen of a drum screening machine to block screen openings and reduce the screening rate; meanwhile, the hemp threads also influence the judgment of the visual system rejecting system, and the rejection work efficiency of the visual rejecting system is reduced, so the hemp threads must be removed when raw materials enter the drum screening machine. The sticky cloth of the hemp thread remover can effectively stick hemp threads, remove hemp threads mixed in materials and effectively reduce the material blocking condition of the drum screening machine.

Preferably, the screening machine is a roller screening machine or a vibrating screen, or the screening machine is a roller screening machine, materials screened by the roller screening machine are sent to the vibrating screen, and the materials are sent to the visual rejection system after being screened by the vibrating screen. The invention can adopt various combinations, and utilizes a drum screening machine and a vibrating screen for analysis, and can also combine the two for use.

The invention also provides a stalk removing method, which comprises the steps of sorting materials by using a screening machine, sending the materials to be sorted which need to be further processed into a material loosening mechanism, and spreading the materials into a single layer by the material loosening mechanism; the single-layer material falls onto an inclined material guide plate or a sliding plate, and the material moves downwards and slantways on the material guide plate or the sliding plate by means of the self gravity; and removing stalk crutches from the material by using a visual identification removing mechanism at a position close to the outlet of the material guide plate or the sliding plate.

The screening machine is used for sorting materials, so that the materials entering the material dispersing mechanism are reduced, only the mixture containing the crudely sticks enters the visual system and can be loosened, the materials are dispersed by the material dispersing mechanism and spread to be thin, and a single-layer material slow advancing state is formed. The single-layer material falls down to the inclined material guide mechanism below, and at the moment, the materials on the material guide mechanism are not overlapped, so that the accurate identification, the accurate positioning and the effective removal of the target material by a vision system are not influenced. The ingenious guide mechanism that sets up the slope in material dispersion mechanism below, the supplied materials that is dispersed by material dispersion mechanism is that the individual layer is slow to fall into guide mechanism, there is not the material to overlap in guide mechanism, and guide mechanism has certain gradient, utilize the weight of material self to accelerate, when the material passes through visual system, the direction of its operation is the slant downstream, so gravity changes the minimum to the direction of motion that the material produced on the short distance, visual system's steady operation has all been ensured to two above detailed designs.

Preferably, the material dispersing mechanism is an excitation conveyor, a plurality of channels are arranged in the excitation conveyor, and the materials to be sorted are scattered in each channel by the material distributing travelling crane.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:

(1) According to the stem crutch removing system, the roller screening machine and the vision removing system are combined, the roller screening machine is pre-removed according to the size, and then the vision removing system is used for identifying and removing residual stem crutch according to the shape with high accuracy, so that the removing efficiency and the process index of the stem crutch are improved, and the tobacco stems can be effectively prevented from being removed by mistake.

(2) The stem throw eliminating system also realizes flow control in a metering mode of a flow control unit. Furthermore, a hopper scale can be additionally arranged at the positions of a stem outlet, a tobacco stem outlet and the like according to actual needs, various sorted materials are measured, the weight and the proportion of each component of the screened and removed tobacco stems can be calculated, the data can be stored in a system, review and calling are facilitated, real-time data can be displayed on a screen, and the composition of the tobacco stems processed in each batch can be clear at a glance.

(3) The hemp thread removing device is added in the stalk crutch removing system, so that the material blocking condition of the drum screening machine can be effectively reduced, and the working efficiency of the visual removing system is improved.

The invention reduces the cost of equipment, optimizes the screening and removing effect, increases the screening and removing efficiency and improves the purity of products.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a front view of a drum screen according to an embodiment;

FIG. 3 is a left side view of a drum screen according to an embodiment;

FIG. 4 is a front view of a blade feeder;

FIG. 5 is a left side view of the flight feeder;

FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of a vibrating stalk-turning remover;

FIG. 7 is an assembly schematic of a scraper feeder, a visual rejection system and a tobacco stem transfer belt according to an embodiment;

FIG. 8 is a right side view of FIG. 7;

FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of the configuration of the primary picking system and the preferred system;

FIG. 10 is a first schematic diagram illustrating a first exemplary embodiment of a visual culling unit;

FIG. 11 is a schematic structural diagram of a visual rejection unit according to a second embodiment;

FIG. 12 is a schematic view of an installation configuration of the skateboard;

FIG. 13 is a schematic view of another mounting arrangement for the sled;

FIG. 14 is a plan view of a second embodiment of a system for cannibalism elimination;

FIG. 15 is a schematic view of the structure of a flow control unit;

FIG. 16 is a schematic structural diagram of a drum screening machine according to the second embodiment;

FIG. 17 is a front view of a visual culling system of an embodiment two;

FIG. 18 is a left side view of a secondary vision culling system of an embodiment;

FIG. 19 is a schematic view of a bucket elevator;

FIG. 20 is a flowchart of the process of example 2 of the present invention.

Reference numerals: 1. the device comprises a flow control unit, 2 a hemp thread removing machine, 3 a roller screening machine, 4 a vibrating screen, 5a second hopper scale, 6 auxiliary connecting equipment, 7 a third hopper scale, 8 a visual removing system, 9 a main line auxiliary connecting equipment, 10 a wind power conveying pipeline, 11 auxiliary connecting equipment and 12 a first hopper scale;

1-1. A storage cabinet, 1-2. A belt conveyor, 1-3. A lifting belt conveyor, 1-4. A material homogenizing roller, 1-5. A discharge hopper, 1-6. A metering pipe and 1-7. A belt scale;

3-1 part of an inlet, 3-2 parts of a roller, 3-2.1 parts of a short and fine stem screening area, 3-2.2 parts of a second screening area, 3-2.3 parts of a third screening area, 3-3 parts of a dust removal system, 3-4 parts of a shell, 3-4.1 parts of a short and fine stem outlet, 3-4.2 parts of a second area outlet, 3-4.3 parts of a third area outlet, 3-4.4 parts of a thick stem outlet, 3-5 parts of a rack, 3-5.1 parts of a roller support, 3-6 parts of a brush roller, 3-7 parts of a scraper and 3-8 parts of a brush;

4-1 sieve plate, 4-2 broken stalk discharge port and 4-3 collecting box;

8-1 of a feeding belt conveyor, 8-2 of an excitation conveyor, 8-3 of a guide plate, 8-4 of a material separating travelling crane, 8-5 of a spectrum eliminator, 8-6 of a return material upper screw, 8-7 of a hopper material elevator, 8-8 of a discharge port belt conveyor, 8-9 of a hopper, 8-10 of a return material lower screw and 8-11 of a supporting leg;

8-7.1 of a hopper material lifting outlet, 8-7.2 of a lifting driving shaft, 8-7.3 of a storage box, 8-7.4 of a hopper material lifting shell, 8-7.5 of a storage box mounting conveyor belt, 8-7.6 of a lifting driven shaft, 8-7.7 of an ash receiving box, 8-7.8 of a dust filtering net and 8-7.9 of a hopper material lifting inlet;

a scraper feeding machine B, a scraper device B1, an arc belt conveying device B2, a scraper B1-1, a conveyer belt B2-1 and a conveyer belt B2-2;

the tobacco stem visual inspection system comprises a C visual eliminating system, a C1 primary eliminating system, a C2 optimizing system, a C3 conveyor, a C-1 feeding hole, a C-2 homogenizer, a C-21 homogenizer outlet, a C-3 sliding plate, a C-31 angle adjusting mechanism, a C-32 rotating shaft, a C-4 visual identification device, a C-5 eliminating device, a C-6 stem turning outlet, a C-7 tobacco stem outlet, a C-8 baffle, a C-81 vertical part, a C-82 inclined part, a C-9 discharging pipe and a D tobacco stem conveying belt.

Detailed Description

The invention is further described with reference to the following examples and the accompanying drawings.

Example 1

Figure 1 shows a process flow diagram according to the method of the invention, where the tobacco stems are sorted by a screening machine after being fed, and the incoming tobacco stems are divided into four parts by different screen sizes: 1. short and thin stalks with the size less than or equal to 3x20mm (namely, the stalk diameter is less than or equal to 3mm, and the length is less than or equal to 20 mm) are treated as waste materials; 2. the tobacco stalk raw material with the stalk diameter more than 3mm and less than or equal to 6mm is directly used as a finished stalk and is conveyed to the subsequent process; 3. the tobacco stalks containing the stalks and the stalks with the diameter more than 6mm and less than or equal to 10mm enter a visual rejection system for treatment through a conveying device; 4. the thick stalk crutches and stalk heads with the stalk diameter larger than 10mm are used as waste materials for treatment. The tobacco stems containing stems and stalks and with the stem diameter being more than 6mm and less than or equal to 10mm are conveyed into the visual eliminating system through the conveying device, a small amount of tobacco stems with smaller stem diameter (the size of the stem diameter can be set according to actual needs) are directly conveyed into the next working procedure, and the rest tobacco stems containing stems and stalks are conveyed into the visual eliminating system, so that the processing capacity of the visual eliminating system is further reduced. The visual eliminating system comprises a primary eliminating system and a preferred system, tobacco stems and stem stalks (containing the tobacco stems which are mistakenly eliminated) are separated through the primary eliminating system, the tobacco stems enter a subsequent process, the stem stalks (containing the tobacco stems which are mistakenly eliminated) enter the preferred system through a conveyor, the tobacco stems which are mistakenly eliminated are separated from the stem stalks again, the separated tobacco stems enter the subsequent process, and the stem stalks are treated as waste materials.

In the process flow shown in fig. 1, the screening machine is generally a roller screening machine, and as shown in fig. 2 and fig. 3, the roller screening machine mainly comprises an inlet 3-1, a roller support 3-5.1, a roller 3-2, a frame 3-5, a short and fine stem screening area 3-2.1, a short and fine stem outlet 3-4.1, a screening second area 3-2.2, a second area outlet 3-4.2, a screening third area 3-2.3, a third area outlet 3-4.3, a thick stem outlet 3-4.4, a brush roller 3-6, a dust removal system 3-3, a scraper 3-7 and the like. Wherein, the roller support 3-5.1 is used for jacking up the roller during the stop of production and maintenance; the cylinder screen cloth divide into 3 sieve subareas to be provided with 3 exports that correspond: the short and fine stalk screening area is used for screening short and fine stalks with the diameter of less than 3x20mm, and the short and fine stalks are output from a short and fine stalk outlet 3-4.1; the screening second area is used for screening finished product stalks with the stalk diameter being more than 3mm and less than or equal to 6mm, and the finished product stalks are output from an outlet 3-4.2 of the second area; the screening three area is used for screening the tobacco stems containing the stems and the stalks with the stem diameter of more than 6mm and less than or equal to 10mm, and the tobacco stems containing the stems and the stalks are output from the outlet 3-4.3 of the three area. The final outlet of the drum screening machine is a thick stalk crutch outlet 3-4.4, the sizes of the thick stalk crutch and the stalk head are the largest, and the thick stalk crutch and the stalk head move to the thick stalk crutch outlet. 3-6 brush rolls and 3-7 scrapers are arranged above the roller screen and used for cleaning the roller screen and preventing the screen from being blocked; and a dust removal system 3-3 is also arranged above the roller screen. The sizes of the short and fine stems, the finished stems, the thick stem crutches and the stem heads can be adjusted according to actual needs, and the mesh sizes of the short and fine stem screening areas, the second screening area and the third screening area of the roller screening machine are adjusted according to the sizes.

In the process flow shown in fig. 1, the conveying device is a scraper feeder or a vibrating stalk-turning remover. The blade feeder shown in fig. 4 and 5 is mainly composed of a blade device B1 and an arc-shaped belt conveyor B2. The distance between the top of the scraper B1-1 of the scraper device B1 and the belt surface of the conveyer belt B2-1 of the arc belt type conveyer device B2 is designed to be 2-6mm, so that tobacco stems with stem diameters smaller than or equal to 2-6mm in a screen leaking in the roller screening machine can pass through the scraper and then are converged into the subsequent process through a discharge hole B2-2 of the conveyer belt, and the distance can be adjusted according to actual needs. And the stem-containing cabo scraped by the scraper B1-1 enters a primary removing system of the visual removing system.

The vibrating stalk turning and removing machine shown in fig. 6 generally adopts a vibrating conveyor (i.e. a vibrating screen 4) which comprises a screen plate 4-1, a broken stalk discharge port 4-2 and a collection box 4-3, wherein the screen plate 4-1 can be arranged into a single-layer steel wire mesh which is crossed horizontally and vertically or two layers, the upper layer is a punching plate, and the lower layer is a steel wire mesh which is crossed horizontally and vertically. Most of broken stems in the tobacco stems are screened down in the forward process of the tobacco stems on the sieve plate 4-1 through the throwing movement, the broken stems under the sieve move until the broken stem discharge port 4-2 falls into the collection box 4-3, and the rest of the tobacco stems are uniformly spread in the vibration conveying process and then enter the primary picking system of the visual picking system.

Fig. 7 and 8 show the assembly positions of the scraper feeder B, the visual rejection system 8 and the tobacco stem conveyer belt D, wherein the scraper feeder B is connected at the upstream of the visual rejection system 8, and the tobacco stem conveyer belt D is connected at the downstream. The incoming material from the scraper feeding machine B enters an inlet of a primary removing system C1, the tobacco stem material after stem removing is output by a tobacco stem conveying belt D, the stem-removed material (containing the tobacco stem which is removed by mistake) is conveyed to a feeding port of a preferred system C2 by a conveyor C3, the separated tobacco stem enters the tobacco stem conveying belt D, and the stem throw is collected as waste. The primary removing system C1 and the optimal removing system C2 are arranged side by side, the visual removing system 8 can be composed of a plurality of groups of visual removing units according to the production flow, the optimal removing system is 5-7 groups, and the processing capacity of each group is about 200 Kg/h. For example, 7 sets of visual rejection units are used, as shown in fig. 9, the first 5 sets being the primary rejection system and the last 2 sets being the preferred system.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 10, the visual eliminating unit comprises a feed inlet C-1, a homogenizer C-2, a sliding plate C-3, a visual recognition device C-4, an eliminating device C-5, a stalk crutch outlet C-6 and a tobacco stalk outlet C-7, wherein tobacco stalk incoming materials enter from the feed inlet C-1, slide downwards along the sliding plate C-3 after being uniformly spread by the homogenizer C-2, and then are judged to be tobacco stalks or stalk crutches by the visual recognition device C-4, and if the tobacco stalks are the stalk crutches, the stalk crutches are beaten out to the stalk crutch outlet C-6 by utilizing compressed air through the eliminating device C-5; if the tobacco stems are the tobacco stems, the tobacco stems slide into the tobacco stem outlet C-7 along the sliding plate C-3, so that the separation of the tobacco stems and the stem stalks is realized.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 11, the visual rejection unit also comprises a baffle C-8 and a discharge pipe C-9, wherein the baffle C-8 consists of a vertical part C-81 and an inclined part C-82, the vertical part C-81 is directed towards the outlet of the homogenizer C-2 and the inclined part C-82 extends obliquely above the slide C-3. The discharging pipe C-9 is arranged below the bottom end of the sliding plate C-3, the discharging pipe C-9 is provided with a stalk and crutch identification channel, the visual identification device C-4 is arranged on one side of the stalk and crutch identification channel, and the outlet of the stalk and crutch identification channel is immediately followed by the removing device C-5. The stem crutch outlet C-6 and the tobacco stem outlet C-7 are respectively arranged at the bottom of the stem crutch discharging pipe and the tobacco stem discharging pipe, the tobacco stem discharging pipe is positioned below the outlet of the stem crutch identification channel, the stem crutch discharging pipe is positioned below the side of the stem crutch identification channel, the tobacco stem discharging pipe and the stem crutch discharging pipe jointly form a pant-shaped pipeline, and the removing device C-5 is arranged on the side wall of the tobacco stem discharging pipe and is opposite to the inlet of the stem crutch discharging pipe to remove the stem crutch and enter the stem crutch discharging pipe.

Fig. 12 and 13 show two embodiments of the slide. As shown in FIG. 12, a slide plate C-3 is obliquely arranged in front of the outlet C-21 of the homogenizer, wherein the upper end of the slide plate is positioned in front of the outlet C-21 of the homogenizer, and the lower end of the slide plate extends to the lower part of the homogenizer and can block and guide the material from the homogenizer C-2 to slide downwards along the slide plate C-3; as shown in FIG. 13, the slide plate C-3 is obliquely arranged below the homogenizer outlet C-21 with the front of the homogenizer outlet C-21 facing the baffle C-8, and the vertical part C-81 and the inclined part C-82 of the baffle C-8 can block the material from the homogenizer C-2 to fall on the slide plate C-3 and slide downward. In fig. 12 and 13, the sliding plate C-3 has opposite inclination directions and different specific structures, and can guide the tobacco stems to slide downwards, so as to ensure the movement tracks of the tobacco stems and improve the accuracy and efficiency of subsequent visual identification and removal. The bottom end of the sliding plate C-3 shown in the figures 12 and 13 is rotatably arranged on the shell through a rotating shaft C-32, an angle adjusting mechanism C-31 is also arranged on the sliding plate C-3, the angle of inclination of the sliding plate C-3 can be adjusted within the range of 50 degrees to 70 degrees according to production requirements, and the angle of inclination of the sliding plate C-3 is preferably 60 degrees.

Taking a stalk and stalk removing system matched with a stalk shred production line of 3000Kg/h as an example, the process of the stalk and stalk removing system is explained as follows:

1. the tobacco stalk material with 3000Kg/h of coming material is sieved by a roller sieving machine, the short and thin stalks with the length of less than 3x20mm are sieved by the two sections of sieve screens before the roller sieving machine, and the short and thin stalks are sent by wind or packed into boxes. Sieving tobacco stalk raw materials with a sieve of which the stalk diameter is less than or equal to 6mm and the stalk diameter is more than 3mm by using a 3-6-segment sieve of a roller sieving machine, wherein the tobacco stalk raw materials are about 1700kg/h (57 percent and marked as finished tobacco stalk 1), and conveying the tobacco stalk raw materials to the subsequent working procedures; the stem-containing bent tobacco stems with the stem diameter being more than 6mm and less than or equal to 10mm are screened by a 7 th section of the drum screening machine, and about 1200kg/h (40%) of the stems are conveyed to an inlet of a scraper feeding machine; the diameter of the stalk is more than 10mm, the stalk head and the stalk rod are output from the outlet of the roller (the mark is stalk 1), and the stalk rod is about 6Kg/h (0.2%). And part of light impurities such as dust are discharged to the dust removing room through the dust removing pipeline.

2. About 1200kg/h (40%) screened out by the 7 th section of screen mesh of the drum screening machine is conveyed to a visual rejection system through a scraper feeding machine, a clearance of about 2-6mm is formed between a scraper of the scraper feeding machine and a belt surface of a conveying belt, tobacco stem raw materials with the stem diameter of less than or equal to 2-6mm leaking out of about 100kg/h (3% marks are finished tobacco stems 2) are converged into a subsequent process, and the rest tobacco stems with stem diameter of less than or equal to 10mm and 6mm in 1100kg/h (37%) enter a primary rejection system of the visual rejection system for visual rejection.

3. The tobacco stems with 840Kg/h (28% is marked as finished tobacco stems 3) separated by the primary removing system of the visual removing system enter the subsequent working procedures, the removed 260Kg/h (8.7%) of stem stalks are sent into the optimal selection system of the visual removing system through a conveyor for further visual identification and separation, the tobacco stems which are mistakenly removed in the primary removing system and are separated with 120Kg/h (4% is marked as finished tobacco stems 4) are collected into the next working procedure, and the rest 140Kg/h (4.6%) of stem stalks (marked as stem stalks 2) are collected as waste materials.

In the stem throw removing process, the finished tobacco stems are mixed by 4 parts of tobacco stems. After sampling, the tobacco stems and the stem stalks are manually sorted out, and the detection results are as follows:

the finished product of the tobacco stem 1 contains 5.41 percent of stem stalk;

the finished product of tobacco stalk 2 contains 5.17 percent of stalk crutch;

the finished product of the tobacco stem 3 contains 4.48 percent of stem stalk;

the finished product of the tobacco stem 4 contains 10.87 percent of stem crutch;

calculating the turning rate of the finished product stems as follows:

the stem crutch waste material eliminated in the stem crutch eliminating process consists of 2 parts, the tobacco stems and stem crutches are manually sorted after sampling, and the detection result is as follows:

the stem crutch 1 contains 18.74 percent of stems;

the stem crutch 2 contains 14.76 percent of stems;

calculating the stem content in the removed stem crutch as follows:

the above cases show that the stem crutch removing system can complete removing at high speed and high efficiency, has low false removing rate, and can effectively separate the tobacco stems and the stem crutches.

Example 2

With reference to fig. 14, the stem crutch removing system of the present invention includes a flow control unit 1, a hemp thread removing machine 2, a drum screening machine 3, a vibrating screen 4, an auxiliary connection device 6, a visual removing system 8, a main line auxiliary connection device 9, an auxiliary connection device 11 and a wind power conveying pipeline 10, wherein the flow control unit 1 and the hemp thread removing machine 2 are sequentially arranged in front of the drum screening machine 3 for a pretreatment process of screening tobacco stem materials; the auxiliary connecting device 6, the main line auxiliary connecting device 9 and the auxiliary connecting device 11 are conveying lines, have the same function as the wind conveying pipeline 10, mainly convey materials, are convenient for the efficient operation of the whole system, and do not relate to the processing procedure of tobacco stem materials.

With reference to fig. 14, 16 and 20, the stem throw elimination process of the present invention is: quantitatively feeding raw stalks F through a flow control unit 1, removing hemp threads mixed in raw materials in a hemp thread removing machine 2, screening the raw materials F without the hemp threads in a drum screening machine 3, and dividing the raw stalks F into 4 types of materials after entering the drum screening machine 3, wherein the 4 types of materials are respectively (1) number of fine crushed stalks F1 (discharging sundries, needing to be measured by a hopper scale); (2) qualified slender stalk F2 of No. mouth; (3) mixed thick stems F3 with a horn mouth; (4) the oversized stems and sundries (hemp, hemp ropes, labels and the like) F4 (the sundries are discharged outside and need to be measured by a hopper scale) at the horn mouth. After the mixed coarse stems F3 of the No. 3 opening are screened by the vibrating screen 4, the ultra-long coarse stems F3-2 and the qualified fine stems F2 of the No. 2 opening are merged to the auxiliary connecting equipment 11 and are sent to the stem making line; the qualified rough stems and rough stem crutches F3-1 are sent to a visual rejection system 8 through an auxiliary connecting device 6. F3-1 is subjected to primary elimination in a visual elimination system 8, qualified rough stems F6 after primary elimination enter a qualified stem belt conveyor (a discharge port belt conveyor 8-8), and a rough stem and stalk mixture F5 is sent back to the visual elimination system 8 through an auxiliary connecting device for secondary elimination; and (3) after secondary elimination, the qualified rough stalks F8 enter a qualified stalk belt conveyor to be mixed with the qualified stalks F6 and sent to a stalk making line, and the remaining rough stalk crutch F7 is discharged out of the system (discharging sundries outside and needing to be measured by a hopper scale).

The flow control unit 1 provides stable feeding for a system, a hemp thread removing machine 2 is installed at the tail of the flow control unit 1, the hemp thread removing machine 2 is integrated on a small belt conveyor and consists of three to five groups of parallel rolling shafts, the rolling shafts are simultaneously driven by a motor, sticky cloth is installed on the rolling shafts, the sticky cloth can effectively stick hemp threads, and hemp threads mixed in materials are removed; the tail part of the hemp thread remover 2 is connected with a drum screening machine 3, and the drum screening machine 3 can divide tobacco stems into 4 components with different thicknesses and discharge the components from 4 outlets respectively. Wherein, the fine stalks with the diameter less than 3mm are recorded with the weight from a hopper scale 12 of the first number and discharged outside the system through a short fine stalk outlet 3-4.1 (namely a No. 1 port), the oversized stalks, stalk turns and sundries with the diameter more than 12mm are recorded with the weight from a hopper scale 5 of the second number and discharged outside the system through a rough stalk turn outlet 3-4.4 (namely a No. 4 port), the qualified stalks with the diameter of 3-6mm are weighed by the hopper scale from a No. 3-4.2 (namely a No. 2 port) of a second area outlet, and are collected to a main line auxiliary connecting device 9 through an auxiliary connecting device 11, the mixed stalks with the diameter of 6-12mm (qualified stalks and stalk turns) are weighed by the hopper scale from a No. 3-4.3 outlet 3-4 (namely a No. 3 port), and fall into a vibrating screen 4 at the lower end of a drum screen extension machine 3, the other mixed stalks with the diameter of 6-12mm are screened into oversized stalks with the diameter of 6-12mm, the oversized stalks and the rough stalks, the visually rejected stalks and the oversized stalks are collected to the main line connecting device 9 through the vibrating screen 4; the thick stalk crutches with the diameter of 6-12mm are removed in a visual removing system 8, fall into a third hopper scale 7 from a stalk crutches outlet (namely a No. 5 port) to record the weight and remove the system; the qualified thick stems with the diameter of 6-12mm are reserved after passing through a visual eliminating system 8 and fall into a main line auxiliary connecting device 9 from a tobacco stem outlet (i.e. a No. 6 port); the qualified fine stalks of phi 3-6mm, the super-long thick stalks of phi 6-12mm and the qualified thick stalks of phi 6-12mm collected in the main line auxiliary connecting equipment 9 enter the wind power conveying pipeline 10 through the main line auxiliary connecting equipment 9, and are conveyed to a stalk making line in the wind power conveying pipeline 10. In order to reduce the mistaken rejection rate of the stalk crutches as much as possible, the mixed stalks of the qualified thick stalks with the diameter of 6-12mm and the thick stalk crutches which are subjected to the primary visual rejection can be sent back to the visual rejection system 8 for secondary rejection.

Specifically, the structure and function of the flow rate control unit 1 will be described with reference to fig. 15. A belt conveyor 1-2 is arranged in the front end of the storage cabinet 1-1, a lifting belt conveyor 1-3 is arranged below the belt conveyor 1-2, and a feed inlet of the lifting belt conveyor 1-3 is arranged below a discharge outlet of the belt conveyor 1-2; a material homogenizing roller 1-4 is arranged in the middle of the lifting belt conveyor 1-3, and the material homogenizing roller 1-4 is used for controlling the material thickness during feeding; the discharge port of the lifting belt conveyor 1-3 is connected with a discharge hopper 1-5, the lower end of the discharge hopper 1-5 is connected with a measuring pipe 1-6, the lower end of the measuring pipe 1-6 is connected with a belt weigher 1-7, and the belt weigher has a measuring function and can record the total weight of the fed materials in unit time. The hemp thread remover 2 is arranged at the tail part of the belt weigher 1-7.

The material F (wherein the stalk throw content is 5-15%, the thick stalk throws are 1-3%, the thick stalk throws with the diameter of 6-12mm and the oversized stalk throws with the diameter of more than 12mm are generally removed according to the requirements of customers, the stalk throws with the diameter of 3-6mm are reserved, and the stalk throws with the diameter of 3-6mm can also be removed by additionally arranging a visual system on the original equipment) is fed from the upper end of the storage cabinet 1-1, and the storage cabinet 1-1 is used for buffering and storing the material F; the material F enters a lifting belt conveyor 1-3 under the action of a belt conveyor 1-2, and the lifting belt conveyor 1-3 is subjected to frequency conversion control; the material F enters a discharge hopper 1-5 under the action of a lifting belt conveyor 1-3; the material equalizing roller 1-4 at the upper end of the lifting belt conveyor 1-3 is used for controlling the conveying thickness of the material F on the lifting belt conveyor 1-3, and the flow of the material F can be constant by combining the belt speed v 1; the material F enters a metering pipe 1-6 from a discharge hopper 1-5; the opening height h of the metering pipe is well controlled, the operation speed v2 of the belt weigher is matched, the quantitative feeding effect can be achieved, and the total weight M of the feeding F in unit time is recorded while the materials are conveyed.

Specifically, the structure and function of the drum screen 3 will be described with reference to fig. 16. An inlet 3-1 of the roller screening machine 3 is connected with a roller 3-2, a shell 3-4 is arranged outside the roller 3-2, a dust removal system 3-3 is arranged on the roller 3-2, and a brush 3-8 is arranged between the dust removal system 3-3 and the roller 3-2. A phi 3mm screen mesh, a phi 6mm screen mesh and a phi 12mm screen mesh are sequentially arranged on the wall of the roller 3-2, a first hopper scale 12, a discharge hopper of a phi 6mm screen mesh outlet (namely, a second-zone outlet 3-4.2), a discharge hopper of a phi 12mm screen mesh outlet (namely, a third-zone outlet 3-4.3) are arranged below the corresponding phi 3mm screen mesh, and a second hopper scale 5 is also arranged at the tail end of the roller screening machine 3; an auxiliary connecting device 11 is arranged below the discharging hopper at the outlet of the phi 6mm screen mesh, and a vibrating screen 4 is arranged below the discharging hopper at the outlet of the phi 12mm screen mesh. The vibrating screen 4 is provided with two outlets, one outlet combines the materials in an auxiliary connecting device 11 below a discharging hopper of a phi 6mm screen outlet, and the other outlet is connected with an auxiliary connecting device 6 leading to a visual rejection system 8.

The material F conveyed by the flow control unit 1 is subjected to hemp thread removal by a hemp thread remover 2 and then enters a roller 3-2 from an inlet 3-1, and three screens with different specifications are mounted on the roller 3-2; screening crushed fine stems F1 (the total proportion is 2-4%) below the diameter of phi 3mm by the material F under the action of a short fine stem screening area 3-2.1 of a sieve with the diameter of phi 3mm, recording the weight m1 of the F1 from a No. 1 opening (namely a short fine stem outlet 3-4.1) through a first hopper scale 12, and discharging the F1 out of the system; after the F1 is screened out, the remaining materials are screened out to obtain qualified fine stems F2 (the total ratio is 50-80%) with the diameter of phi 3-6mm under the action of a second screening area 3-2.2 of a phi 6mm screen, and the F2 falls into an auxiliary connecting device 11 from (namely, an outlet 3-4.2 of the second screening area) through a discharge hopper and is collected to a main line auxiliary connecting device 9 through the auxiliary connecting device 11; after F2 is sieved, the remaining materials are sieved out of mixed thick stems F3 (the total proportion is 15-40%) with phi 6-12mm under the action of sieving three regions 3-2.3 of a sieve with phi 12mm, wherein the F3 comprises the ultra-long thick stems F3-2 (the total proportion is 1-3%), qualified thick stems with phi 6-12mm and thick stem turning F3-1 (the total proportion is 20-34%), the F3 falls into a vibrating screen 4 from a No. (3) opening (namely, a three-region outlet 3-4.3) through a discharge hopper, the F3 is sieved by the vibrating screen 4, the F3-2 falls into an auxiliary connecting device 11 and is converged into a main line auxiliary connecting device 9, and the F3-1 enters a visual rejection system 8 through the auxiliary connecting device 6; after the first three screens, the ultra-large stalks with phi of more than 12mm and impurities F4 (the total proportion is 0.5-2%) left in F finally pass through a second hopper scale 5, record the weight m2 from a No. 4 port (namely a rough stalk turning outlet 3-4.4), and are discharged outside the system. In order to prevent the screen mesh on the roller 3-2 from being blocked, the roller 3-2 is provided with a brush 3-8, the brush 3-8 is provided with a compression spring, so that coarse and hard bristles on the brush 3-8 can extend into gaps of the screen mesh, and tobacco stems blocking the screen mesh can be effectively cleaned; the upper end of the drum screening machine 3 is provided with a dust removal system 3-3, and the dust removal system 3-3 can effectively remove dust generated by rolling of materials in the drum 3-2 under the action of negative pressure.

Specifically, the structure and function of the visual rejection system 8 will be described with reference to fig. 17 and 18. The vision system 8 is supported above the ground by support legs 8-11. The vision eliminating system 8 is also called a spectrum eliminating system or a stem turning vision eliminating machine. The top of the visual rejection system 8 is provided with a feeding belt conveyor 8-1, a material distribution travelling crane 8-4 is arranged below the outlet of the feeding belt conveyor 8-1, and the material distribution travelling crane 8-4 reciprocates along a track and can uniformly distribute incoming materials in a group of excitation conveyors 8-2 on the left side below the material distribution travelling crane; the excitation conveyor 8-2 is provided with a plurality of channels, a material guide plate 8-3 is connected to a discharge port of each channel of the excitation conveyor 8-2, the material guide plate 8-3 is obliquely arranged below the discharge port of the channel, and the material guide plate 8-3 can guide the material into the spectrum eliminator 8-5. The spectrum remover 8-5 is communicated with two outlets, wherein the tobacco stem outlet is connected with a discharge port belt conveyor 8-8, and the tobacco stem turning outlet is connected with a feed-back lower screw 8-10. The discharge port of the return material lower spiral 8-10 is connected with the feed port of the hopper material lifting machine 8-7, the discharge port of the hopper material lifting machine 8-7 is connected with the feed port of the return material upper spiral 8-6, the discharge port of the return material upper spiral 8-6 is connected with the double-channel excitation conveyor 8-2 at the right side, the discharge end of the excitation conveyor is also connected with a guide plate 8-3 which is obliquely arranged, and the guide plate 8-3 guides the material into the spectrum eliminator 8-5 for secondary elimination. In the embodiment, two groups of independent excitation conveyors are arranged, or two groups of independent excitation conveyors can be combined into one excitation conveyor, one part of the channels into which the materials are fed is subjected to primary elimination, and the rest of the channels are subjected to secondary elimination, so that the two groups of excitation conveyors are also two groups in nature.

The qualified stalks and stalk turns F3-1 with the diameter of 6-12mm conveyed from the auxiliary connecting equipment 6 enter a visual rejection system 8 from a feeding belt conveyor 8-1; a material distributing travelling crane 8-4 is arranged at the lower end of a discharge hole of a feeding belt conveyor 8-1, the material distributing travelling crane 8-4 consists of a 4-wheel belt conveyor driven by one belt, a conveyor belt on the belt conveyor can move forwards and backwards, the material distributing travelling crane 8-4 travels on a travelling crane track below through wheels, so that the material distributing travelling crane 8-4 can move back and forth at a point B at the leftmost end and a point A at the rightmost end, and the driving of the conveyor belt and the wheels of the material distributing travelling crane 8-4 is controlled independently; when visual rejection is not needed, the visual rejection system 8 can be directly short-circuited by the material distribution travelling crane 8-4, incoming materials are directly sent to the stem making line, specifically, the material distribution travelling crane 8-4 stays at the rightmost end A, the conveying belt on the material distribution travelling crane 8-4 moves rightwards, and at the moment, the materials F3-1 falling from the feeding belt conveyor 8-1 to the material distribution travelling crane 8-4 fall into the material outlet belt conveyor 8-8 from the material outlet at the rear end of the material outlet belt conveyor and are converged into the main line auxiliary connection device 9 through the material outlet belt conveyor 8-8. When the visual rejection is not needed, if no incoming material exists, the conveyer belt of the material distributing travelling crane 8-4 stops rotating.

When visual rejection is needed, the conveying belt on the material distribution travelling crane 8-4 moves leftwards, the material distribution travelling crane 8-4 reciprocates between A and B along the track of the material distribution travelling crane, and the reciprocating motion can uniformly disperse the material F3-1 falling from the material distribution travelling crane 8-4 on the excitation conveyor 8-2 of the lower-end primary rejection system; the inside of the excitation conveyor 8-2 is divided into 5 independent channels, and after the materials F3-1 uniformly fall onto the excitation conveyor 8-2, the materials F3-1 are dispersed in a high-frequency low-amplitude vibration mode under the action of the excitation force and sequentially enter the material guide plates 8-3 of the respective channels from the outlet end; under the guidance of the material guide plate 8-3, the material F3-1 enters the spectrum rejectors 8-5 in the respective channels; the thick stalk crutch F5 (the total proportion is 5-15%) with phi 6-12mm contained in the F3-1 can be removed at the moment of sliding through the spectrum remover 8-5, and falls into a feed back lower screw 8-10 through a discharge hopper 8-9; qualified thick stalks F6 (the total proportion is 10-29%) with the diameter of 6-12mm contained in the F3-1 are reserved and fall into a discharge port belt conveyor 8-8 of a visual rejection system 8.

The stalk crutches F5 falling into the feed back lower spiral 8-10 contain part of qualified stalks F6, and in order to keep the F6 as much as possible from the F5, the stalk crutches F5 subjected to the first visual rejection are subjected to secondary visual rejection; f5 enters a hopper lifter 8-7 through a return lower screw 8-10, the hopper lifter 8-7 lifts the F5 to a proper height and throws the F5 into a return upper screw 8-6, the return upper screw 8-6 pushes the F5 into an excitation conveyor 8-2 at the lower end, the excitation conveyor 8-2 comprises 2 channels, the excitation conveyor 8-2 uniformly sends the F5 to a guide plate 8-3 at the lower end of the excitation conveyor along each channel, and the material F5 is rejected by a spectrum rejector 8-5 on the guide plate 8-3; after the F5 is subjected to secondary visual rejection, the thick stalk crutch F7 (the total proportion is 1-3%) with the diameter of 6-12mm and extremely low content of qualified stalks enters a third hopper scale 7 to record the weight m3, and then the stalk is discharged out of the system; after the F5 is subjected to secondary visual rejection, the qualified stems F8 (the total ratio of 6-14%) mixed with phi 6-12mm in the F5 fall into a discharge port belt conveyor 8-8 of a visual rejection system 8; qualified stems F6 and F8 with the diameter of 6-12mm are collected in a discharge port belt conveyor 8-8 of a visual rejection system 8 and enter a main line auxiliary connection device 9; the main line auxiliary connection device 9 finally sends the qualified fine stems F2 with the diameter of 3-6mm screened by the rotary screening machine, the ultra-long coarse stems F3-2 with the diameter of 6-12mm screened by the vibrating screen, and the qualified coarse stems F6 and F8 with the diameter of 6-12mm selected by the vision system into the wind power conveying pipeline 10, and the qualified tobacco stems are selected and removed to enter the stem making line through the wind power conveying pipeline 10.

With reference to fig. 1, 3, 4 and 5, the tobacco stems have the following components:

combining the total weight M of the original stalks F recorded by the flow control unit 1, the weight M1 of the finely-crushed stalks F1 below phi 3mm and the weight M2 of the oversized stalks and impurities F4 above 12mm recorded by the openings (1) and (4) of the drum screening machine 3, and the weight M3 of the rough stalk turning F7 between phi 6mm and 12mm recorded by the opening (5) of the visual rejection system 8. The occupancy rate or rejection rate of the fine crushed stalks with the diameter of less than 3mm can be calculated on line by a formula (M1/M)%; the occupancy rate or rejection rate of the ultra-large peduncles and peduncle crutches with the diameter of more than 12mm can be calculated on line through a formula (M2/M)%; the occupancy rate or rejection rate of the thick peduncle crutches with phi 6-12mm can be calculated on line through the formula (M3/M)%; the total rejection rate of the raw materials can be calculated on line through a formula (M1 + M2+ M3)/M%. The stem throw removing system can store the calculated whole data in the system, is convenient to call and retrieve, and can display real-time data on a screen at the same time, so that the percentage of the components of the tobacco stems processed in each batch is clear at a glance.

Specifically, the specific structure and function of the bucket elevator 8-7 will be described with reference to fig. 19. The hopper material elevator 8-7 is used as a secondary rejecting and conveying part of the visual rejecting system 8, a hoisting driving shaft 8-7.2 is installed at the upper end of the hopper material elevator 8-7, and a driving motor is installed on the hoisting driving shaft 8-7.2 to provide power for the hopper material elevator 8-7; a lifting driven shaft 8-7.6 is arranged at the lower end of the hopper material lifting machine 8-7, the lifting driven shaft 8-7.6 is provided with a screw rod tensioning device, and a material storage box mounting conveyor belt 8-7.5 can be tensioned; the material storage box mounting conveyor belt 8-7.5 surrounds the lifting driving shaft 8-7.2 and the lifting driven shaft 8-7.6; the storage boxes 8-7.3 are arranged on the storage box mounting conveyor belt 8-7.5 at intervals, the cross sections of the storage boxes 8-7.3 are triangular single-sided openings, and a certain amount of tobacco stems can be loaded; a dust filter 8-7.8 is arranged at the lower end of the lifting driven shaft 8-7.6, the mounting height of the dust filter 8-7.8 can be adjusted by a screw rod, the distance of 2-3mm is generally ensured between the dust filter 8-7.8 and the lowest end of the storage box 8-7.3, if the distance is too large, materials can accumulate on the dust filter 8-7.8, and if the distance is too low, friction can be generated between the dust filter 8-7.8 and the storage box 8-7.3; an ash receiving box 8-7.7 is arranged at the lower end of the dust filtering net 8-7.8, material ash in the bucket elevator 8-7 can fall into the ash receiving box 8-7.7 through the dust filtering net 8-7.8, and an ash receiving drawer is arranged on the ash receiving box 8-7.7, so that the ash receiving drawer is convenient to open and can be used for treating accumulated ash at any time; the thick stalk crutch F5 with the diameter of 6-12mm enters a hopper material lifter 8-7 from a hopper material lifting inlet 8-7.9; the storage boxes 8-7.3 arranged on the storage box mounting conveyor belts 8-7.5 fill the F5 at the bottom of the bucket elevator 8-7, rapidly move to the top of the bucket elevator 8-7 along the storage box mounting conveyor belts 8-7.5, and throw the F5 into the bucket elevator outlet 8-7.1; f5 enters a feed back upper screw 8-6 under the guidance of a hopper material lifting outlet 8-7.1.

In the present embodiment, a combination of a drum screening machine and a vibrating screen is adopted, and obviously, only the drum screening machine can be used for sorting materials, or only the vibrating screen can be used for sorting materials. The vibrating screen can adopt a structure similar to a vibrating stem-throw removing machine. It should be noted that although the present invention refers to the size of various materials, sorting according to size is only an example, and those skilled in the art know that different drum screeners, vibrating screens, etc. are made according to actual needs to sort out materials with certain size.

The above examples are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, it should be noted that: it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and equivalents can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention, and it is intended that all such modifications and equivalents fall within the scope of the invention as defined in the claims.

Claims

1. A system for removing stalk crutches is characterized in that: comprises a screening machine and a visual rejection system; the visual rejection system comprises a visual rejection unit, and the visual rejection unit comprises a material dispersing mechanism, a material guiding mechanism, a visual identification rejection mechanism, a stem crutch outlet and a tobacco stem outlet; the materials to be sorted separated out by the screening machine are sent to the material dispersing mechanism; the material guide mechanism is a material guide plate or a sliding plate, the material guide plate or the sliding plate is obliquely arranged below the outlet of the material dispersing mechanism, the visual recognition removing mechanism is arranged close to the outlet of the material guide plate or the sliding plate, and the visual recognition removing mechanism is used for removing stalks from materials to be sorted.

2. The system for stalk elimination according to claim 1 wherein: the material guiding mechanism is a material guiding plate, the visual identification rejecting mechanism is a spectrum rejector, the material dispersing mechanism is an excitation conveyor, at least one channel is arranged in the excitation conveyor, the material guiding plate is obliquely arranged at a discharge port of each channel, the spectrum rejector is arranged at an outlet of each material guiding plate, and each channel of the excitation conveyor forms a visual rejecting unit with the corresponding material guiding plate, the spectrum rejector, the stem outlet and the tobacco stem outlet.

3. The system for stalk elimination according to claim 2 wherein: a material distributing travelling crane is arranged above the excitation conveyor, the materials to be sorted separated and separated by the screening machine are sent to the material distributing travelling crane, and the material distributing travelling crane can move back and forth to scatter the materials to be sorted in each channel of the excitation conveyor.

4. The system of stalk crutch removal as set forth in claim 3, wherein: the material distribution travelling crane is a belt conveyor capable of walking on the rail, and a conveying belt of the material distribution travelling crane can move in two directions; when the peduncle crutch needs to be removed, the material distribution travelling crane reciprocates between the left end and the right end of the track of the material distribution travelling crane, and a conveying belt of a belt conveyor of the material distribution travelling crane rotates in the positive direction, so that the materials to be separated are uniformly distributed to all channels of the excitation conveyor; when the peduncle crutch does not need to be removed, the material separating travelling crane stays at the end part of the track, the conveyer belt stops rotating at the moment, or the conveyer belt rotates reversely, and the materials to be separated are sent to the main line auxiliary connecting equipment.

5. The system for stem crutch removal of claim 4, wherein: a discharge port belt conveyor is arranged below the tobacco stem outlet and is connected with a ventilation conveying pipeline through a main line auxiliary connecting device; when the conveying belt of the material separating travelling crane rotates reversely, the materials on the conveying belt fall into the material outlet belt conveyor and are conveyed into the wind conveying pipeline through the material outlet belt conveyor.

6. The system for stalk elimination according to claim 2 wherein: the visual eliminating system comprises two groups of excitation conveyors, the material distributing travelling crane sends materials to be separated into one group of excitation conveyors, and the materials output by the stalk crutch outlets of the excitation conveyors are sent into the other group of excitation conveyors through the conveyors.

7. The system for stalk elimination according to claim 1 wherein: the material dispersing mechanism is a material homogenizer, the material guiding mechanism is a sliding plate, and the visual identification rejecting mechanism comprises a visual identification device and a rejecting device; the sliding plate is arranged below the outlet of the material homogenizer, and the upper end of the sliding plate extends upwards to the front of the material homogenizer, or the sliding plate is arranged below the outlet of the material homogenizer, and a baffle is arranged in front of the outlet of the material homogenizer.

8. The system of stalk crutch rejection of claim 7, wherein: the visual eliminating system comprises a plurality of groups of visual eliminating units, the visual eliminating units are divided into a primary eliminating system and a preferred system, materials to be selected and separated by the screening machine are sent to the material homogenizer of the primary eliminating system, and materials output from the stalk outlet of the primary eliminating system are sent to the material homogenizer of the preferred system through the conveyor.

9. The system for stem crutch removal according to claim 6 or 8, wherein: the conveyer is a hopper material elevator, a return material lower screw is arranged below a stem crutch outlet of one group of excitation conveyers or the primary picking system, a return material upper screw is arranged above the other group of excitation conveyers or the preferred system, an inlet and an outlet of the hopper material elevator are respectively communicated with the return material lower screw and the return material upper screw, and materials output from the stem crutch outlet are sent to the other group of excitation conveyers or the preferred system through the return material lower screw, the hopper material elevator and the return material lower screw.

10. The stem throw removal system of any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein: the screening machine is a roller screening machine or a vibrating screen, or the screening machine is a roller screening machine, materials screened by the roller screening machine are sent to the vibrating screen, and the materials are sent to the visual rejection system after being screened by the vibrating screen.

11. A stalk and crutch removing method is characterized in that: sorting the materials by using a sieving machine, and sending the materials to be sorted which need to be further processed into a material loosening mechanism, wherein the material loosening mechanism is used for loosening the materials and spreading the materials into a single layer; the single-layer material falls onto an inclined material guide plate or a sliding plate, and the material moves downwards and slantways on the material guide plate or the sliding plate by means of the self gravity; and removing stalk crutches from the material by using a visual identification removing mechanism at a position close to the outlet of the material guide plate or the sliding plate.

12. The stem crutch removal method according to claim 11, wherein: the material dispersing mechanism is an excitation conveyor, a plurality of channels are arranged in the excitation conveyor, and materials to be separated are scattered in the channels by the material separating travelling crane.