CN115572164A - 一种高韧性复合纳米陶瓷材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种高韧性复合纳米陶瓷材料及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
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- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 88
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 83
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种高韧性复合纳米陶瓷材料及其制备方法,属于新型结构陶瓷材料技术领域。本发明在纳米石墨烯片表面通过化学气相沉积法沉积纳米氧化锆层并将纳米石墨烯片包裹得到改性纳米石墨烯,然后将改性纳米石墨烯和氧化锆纤维、氮化硼纤维、硼化物粉体混合后,经过冷冻干燥工艺形成堆叠的层状结构的颗粒,然后经过干压工艺制备陶瓷生坯,石墨烯本身具备很高的韧性,并且表面被纳米氧化锆包裹,增强了其抗氧化性能,放电等离子烧结工艺降低烧结温度,防止石墨烯碳化,同时,优化的放电等离子烧结工艺提高陶瓷的致密度,进一步提高陶瓷的韧性,层状结构结合氧化锆的相变增韧机理以及石墨烯的高韧性特点,得到高韧性复合纳米陶瓷材料。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于新型结构陶瓷材料技术领域,涉及一种高韧性复合纳米陶瓷材料及其制备方法。
背景技术
结构陶瓷是具有耐高温、耐冲刷、耐腐蚀、高硬度、高强度、低蠕变速率等优异力学、热学、化学性能,常用于各种结构部件的先进陶瓷。结构陶瓷具有优越的强度、硬度、绝缘性、热传导、耐高温、耐氧化、耐腐蚀、耐磨耗、高温强度等特色,因此,在非常严苛的环境或工程应用条件下,所展现的高稳定性与优异的机械性能,在材料工业上已倍受瞩目,其使用范围亦日渐扩大。结构陶瓷材料的脆性是困扰其广泛应用的关键问题之一,针对这一问题研究人员开展了大量的研究,分别提出了颗粒弥散强化、纤维或晶须增韧、相变增韧和仿生结构增韧等多种增韧措施。
氧化锆陶瓷具有熔点沸点高、硬度大、常温下为绝缘体、而高温下则具有导电性等优良性质。氧化锆是一种特殊的材料,增韧的方法,主要是利用氧化锆的相变才能达到的。为了进一步提高氧化锆的韧性,一般通过往氧化锆晶格中掺杂稳定剂Y2O3、MgO、CaO、CeO2等,使四方相氧化锆向单斜相氧化锆转变的相变稳定从1170℃降至室温,利用四方相氧化锆向单斜相氧化锆转变的相变过程中吸收能量,降低材料裂纹尖端的应力集中,阻碍裂纹扩散,从而使材料的韧性提高。
专利CN106915961A通过掺杂石墨烯提高氧化锆陶瓷的韧性,其技术方案是通过氧化石墨烯和氧化锆直接混合后烧结,利用氧化石墨烯在高温环境下被还原为石墨烯的特性,同时利用烧结环境的高压高真空氛围,在氧化锆基体中原位还原石墨烯,以提高氧化锆陶瓷的力学性能。其中石墨烯和氧化锆是通过物理方法直接混合,其力学性能有待进一步提高。
专利公开号CN109503131A公开了一种氧化锆增韧石墨烯氧化铝复合导电陶瓷及其制备方法。该发明通过在陶瓷原料中添加石墨烯来获得具有高导电导热性能的陶瓷。该发明的陶瓷制备方法采用一种液相烧结固相烧结耦合烧结技术,综合了液相烧结与固相烧结的优点。该发明通过采用氧化铝陶瓷材料、液相烧结助剂、固相烧结助剂、氧化锆以及石墨烯按照合适比例混合,有效降低了陶瓷材料的烧结温度,从而能够保护石墨烯不被炭化,保证制得的陶瓷具备优异的导热导电性能。该发明通过添加石墨烯是为了增加氧化铝陶瓷的导电性能。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种高韧性复合纳米陶瓷材料及其制备方法,属于新型结构陶瓷材料技术领域。本发明在纳米石墨烯片表面通过化学气相沉积法沉积纳米氧化锆层并将纳米石墨烯片包裹得到改性纳米石墨烯,然后将改性纳米石墨烯和氧化锆纤维、氮化硼纤维、硼化物粉体混合后,经过冷冻干燥工艺形成堆叠的层状结构的颗粒,然后经过干压工艺制备陶瓷生坯,石墨烯本身具备很高的韧性,并且表面被纳米氧化锆包裹,增强了其抗氧化性能,放电等离子烧结工艺降低烧结温度,防止石墨烯碳化,层状结构结合氧化锆的相变增韧机理以及石墨烯的高韧性特点,得到高韧性复合纳米陶瓷材料。
本发明的目的可以通过以下技术方案实现:
一种高韧性复合纳米陶瓷材料的制备方法,所述制备方法包括以下步骤:
(1)采用化学气相沉积法,在纳米石墨烯片表面沉积氧化锆层,得到改性纳米石墨烯;
(2)取改性纳米石墨烯、氧化锆纤维、氮化硼纤维、硼化物粉末混合后,再加入聚乙烯醇和去离子水球磨,得到混合浆料;
(3)将混合浆料进行冷冻干燥得到颗粒物,然后将颗粒物干压得到陶瓷生坯;
(4)陶瓷生坯采用放电等离子烧结工艺得到高韧性复合纳米陶瓷材料。
作为本发明的一种优选技术方案,步骤(2)所述各组分加入量为:改性纳米石墨烯8-15重量份、氧化锆纤维60-80重量份、氮化硼纤维15-25重量份、硼化物粉末20-30重量份、聚乙烯醇5-8重量份、去离子水300-500重量份。
作为本发明的一种优选技术方案,所述硼化物粉末由10-15重量份碳化硼粉末、5-8重量份二硼化钛粉末和5-7重量份二硼化锆粉末组成。
作为本发明的一种优选技术方案,步骤(1)所述化学气相沉积法的具体条件为:以ZrCl4为锆源前驱体,以CO2和氢气为反应气体,以氩气为稀释气体,压强为10~20KPa,温度为800~1000℃,时间为5~10h。
作为本发明的一种优选技术方案,所述ZrCl4流量为0.4-0.6g/min,所述CO2流量为0.2-0.3m3 /h,氢气流量为0.2-0.3m3 /h,氩气流量为0.2-0.3m3 /h。
作为本发明的一种优选技术方案,步骤(2)所述球磨转速为200-300r/min,球磨时间为3-5h。
作为本发明的一种优选技术方案,步骤(4)所述放电等离子烧结工艺条件为:轴向压力30-50MPa,烧结升温速率为30-100℃/min,烧结温度为1900-2000℃,烧结保温时间2-3min,烧结真空度≦4MPa。
上述的制备方法制备得到的高韧性复合纳米陶瓷材料。
本发明的有益效果:
(1)本发明在纳米石墨烯片表面通过化学气相沉积法沉积纳米氧化锆层并将纳米石墨烯片包裹得到改性纳米石墨烯,经过氧化锆包裹的纳米石墨烯在煅烧过程中可防止石墨烯氧化,较好的保留纳米石墨烯片的片状结构,保留其较高的韧性和强度;
(2)本发明将改性纳米石墨烯和氧化锆纤维、氮化硼纤维、硼化物粉体混合,氮化硼纤维和氧化锆纤维本身具备较高的韧性,改性纳米石墨烯保留了纳米石墨烯片的片状结构,经过冷冻干燥工艺制备颗粒物再干压得到陶瓷生坯,形成氮化硼纤维、氧化锆纤维和改性纳米石墨烯相互堆叠的层状结构,大幅度增强氧化锆陶瓷的韧性;
(3)放电等离子烧结工艺降低烧结温度,防止石墨烯碳化,优化的放电等离子烧结工艺提高陶瓷的致密度,进一步提高陶瓷的韧性,层状结构结合氧化锆的相变增韧机理以及石墨烯的高韧性特点,得到高韧性复合纳米陶瓷材料。
具体实施方式
为更进一步阐述本发明为实现预定发明目的所采取的技术手段及功效,以下结合实施例,对依据本发明的具体实施方式、结构、特征及其功效,详细说明如后。
实施例1
一种高韧性复合纳米陶瓷材料的制备方法,所述制备方法包括以下步骤:
(1)采用化学气相沉积法,以ZrCl4为锆源前驱体,以CO2和氢气为反应气体,以氩气为稀释气体,ZrCl4流量为0.4g/min,CO2流量为0.25m3 /h,氢气流量为0.25m3 /h,氩气流量为0.2m3 /h,压强为16KPa,温度为850℃,沉积时间为8h,在纳米石墨烯片表面沉积氧化锆层,得到改性纳米石墨烯;
(2)取8重量份改性纳米石墨烯、60重量份氧化锆纤维、18重量份氮化硼纤维、12重量份碳化硼粉末、6重量份二硼化钛粉末和5重量份二硼化锆粉末混合后,再加入5重量份聚乙烯醇和500重量份去离子水,以200r/min的速度球磨4h,得到混合浆料;
(3)将混合浆料进行冷冻干燥得到颗粒物,然后将颗粒物干压得到陶瓷生坯;
(4)陶瓷生坯采用放电等离子烧结工艺进行烧结,控制烧结参数为:轴向压力32MPa,烧结升温速率为60℃/min,烧结温度为1950℃,烧结保温时间2.5min,烧结真空度≦4MPa,最终得到高韧性复合纳米陶瓷材料。
实施例2
一种高韧性复合纳米陶瓷材料的制备方法,所述制备方法包括以下步骤:
(1)采用化学气相沉积法,以ZrCl4为锆源前驱体,以CO2和氢气为反应气体,以氩气为稀释气体,ZrCl4流量为0.5g/min,CO2流量为0.25m3 /h,氢气流量为0.25m3 /h,氩气流量为0.25m3 /h,压强为10KPa,温度为850℃,沉积时间为6h,在纳米石墨烯片表面沉积氧化锆层,得到改性纳米石墨烯;
(2)取10重量份改性纳米石墨烯、65重量份氧化锆纤维、18重量份氮化硼纤维、12重量份碳化硼粉末、8重量份二硼化钛粉末和5重量份二硼化锆粉末混合后,再加入8重量份聚乙烯醇和420重量份去离子水,以250r/min的速度球磨4h,得到混合浆料;
(3)将混合浆料进行冷冻干燥得到颗粒物,然后将颗粒物干压得到陶瓷生坯;
(4)陶瓷生坯采用放电等离子烧结工艺进行烧结,控制烧结参数为:轴向压力35MPa,烧结升温速率为80℃/min,烧结温度为1980℃,烧结保温时间2.5min,烧结真空度≦4MPa,最终得到高韧性复合纳米陶瓷材料。
实施例3
一种高韧性复合纳米陶瓷材料的制备方法,所述制备方法包括以下步骤:
(1)采用化学气相沉积法,以ZrCl4为锆源前驱体,以CO2和氢气为反应气体,以氩气为稀释气体,ZrCl4流量为0.6g/min,CO2流量为0.2m3 /h,氢气流量为0.2m3 /h,氩气流量为0.3m3 /h,压强为20KPa,温度为900℃,沉积时间为5h,在纳米石墨烯片表面沉积氧化锆层,得到改性纳米石墨烯;
(2)取12重量份改性纳米石墨烯、70重量份氧化锆纤维、15重量份氮化硼纤维、12重量份碳化硼粉末、6重量份二硼化钛粉末和5重量份二硼化锆粉末混合后,再加入6重量份聚乙烯醇和400重量份去离子水,以220r/min的速度球磨4h,得到混合浆料;
(3)将混合浆料进行冷冻干燥得到颗粒物,然后将颗粒物干压得到陶瓷生坯;
(4)陶瓷生坯采用放电等离子烧结工艺进行烧结,控制烧结参数为:轴向压力40MPa,烧结升温速率为60℃/min,烧结温度为1960℃,烧结保温时间3min,烧结真空度≦4MPa,最终得到高韧性复合纳米陶瓷材料。
实施例4
一种高韧性复合纳米陶瓷材料的制备方法,所述制备方法包括以下步骤:
(1)采用化学气相沉积法,以ZrCl4为锆源前驱体,以CO2和氢气为反应气体,以氩气为稀释气体,ZrCl4流量为0.4g/min,CO2流量为0.25m3 /h,氢气流量为0.25m3 /h,氩气流量为0.3m3 /h,压强为10KPa,温度为800℃,沉积时间为10h,在纳米石墨烯片表面沉积氧化锆层,得到改性纳米石墨烯;
(2)取15重量份改性纳米石墨烯、80重量份氧化锆纤维、25重量份氮化硼纤维、10重量份碳化硼粉末、6重量份二硼化钛粉末和5重量份二硼化锆粉末混合后,再加入7重量份聚乙烯醇和300重量份去离子水,以200r/min的速度球磨4h,得到混合浆料;
(3)将混合浆料进行冷冻干燥得到颗粒物,然后将颗粒物干压得到陶瓷生坯;
(4)陶瓷生坯采用放电等离子烧结工艺进行烧结,控制烧结参数为:轴向压力45MPa,烧结升温速率为100℃/min,烧结温度为2000℃,烧结保温时间2min,烧结真空度≦4MPa,最终得到高韧性复合纳米陶瓷材料。
对比例1
一种高韧性复合纳米陶瓷材料的制备方法,所述制备方法包括以下步骤:
(1)取8重量份纳米石墨烯片、60重量份氧化锆纤维、18重量份氮化硼纤维、12重量份碳化硼粉末、6重量份二硼化钛粉末和5重量份二硼化锆粉末混合后,再加入5重量份聚乙烯醇和500重量份去离子水,以200r/min的速度球磨4h,得到混合浆料;
(2)将混合浆料进行冷冻干燥得到颗粒物,然后将颗粒物干压得到陶瓷生坯;
(3)陶瓷生坯采用放电等离子烧结工艺进行烧结,控制烧结参数为:轴向压力32MPa,烧结升温速率为60℃/min,烧结温度为1950℃,烧结保温时间2.5min,烧结真空度≦4MPa,最终得到高韧性复合纳米陶瓷材料。
对比例2
一种高韧性复合纳米陶瓷材料的制备方法,所述制备方法包括以下步骤:
(1)采用化学气相沉积法,以ZrCl4为锆源前驱体,以CO2和氢气为反应气体,以氩气为稀释气体,ZrCl4流量为0.4g/min,CO2流量为0.25m3 /h,氢气流量为0.25m3 /h,氩气流量为0.2m3 /h,压强为16KPa,温度为850℃,沉积时间为8h,在纳米石墨烯片表面沉积氧化锆层,得到改性纳米石墨烯;
(2)取8重量份改性纳米石墨烯、60重量份氧化锆纤维、18重量份氮化硼纤维、12重量份碳化硼粉末、6重量份二硼化钛粉末和5重量份二硼化锆粉末混合后,再加入5重量份聚乙烯醇和500重量份去离子水,以200r/min的速度球磨4h,得到混合浆料;
(3)将混合浆料进行冷冻干燥得到颗粒物,然后将颗粒物干压得到陶瓷生坯;
(4)陶瓷生坯置于真空炉中,在惰性气氛中,以8℃/min升温速度升温至1950℃,保温烧结5h;随炉冷却,最终得到高韧性复合纳米陶瓷材料。
对比例3
一种高韧性复合纳米陶瓷材料的制备方法,所述制备方法包括以下步骤:
(1)采用化学气相沉积法,以ZrCl4为锆源前驱体,以CO2和氢气为反应气体,以氩气为稀释气体,ZrCl4流量为0.4g/min,CO2流量为0.25m3 /h,氢气流量为0.25m3 /h,氩气流量为0.2m3 /h,压强为16KPa,温度为850℃,沉积时间为8h,在纳米石墨烯片表面沉积氧化锆层,得到改性纳米石墨烯;
(2)取8重量份改性纳米石墨烯、60重量份粒度为40~70um的氧化锆粉体、18重量份氮化硼纤维、12重量份碳化硼粉末、6重量份二硼化钛粉末和5重量份二硼化锆粉末混合后,再加入5重量份聚乙烯醇和500重量份去离子水,以200r/min的速度球磨4h,得到混合浆料;
(3)将混合浆料进行冷冻干燥得到颗粒物,然后将颗粒物干压得到陶瓷生坯;
(4)陶瓷生坯采用放电等离子烧结工艺进行烧结,控制烧结参数为:轴向压力32MPa,烧结升温速率为60℃/min,烧结温度为1950℃,烧结保温时间2.5min,烧结真空度≦4MPa,最终得到高韧性复合纳米陶瓷材料。
对比例4
一种高韧性复合纳米陶瓷材料的制备方法,所述制备方法包括以下步骤:
(1)采用化学气相沉积法,以ZrCl4为锆源前驱体,以CO2和氢气为反应气体,以氩气为稀释气体,ZrCl4流量为0.4g/min,CO2流量为0.25m3 /h,氢气流量为0.25m3 /h,氩气流量为0.2m3 /h,压强为16KPa,温度为850℃,沉积时间为8h,在纳米石墨烯片表面沉积氧化锆层,得到改性纳米石墨烯;
(2)取8重量份改性纳米石墨烯、60重量份氧化锆纤维、18重量份氮化硼纤维、12重量份碳化硼粉末、6重量份二硼化钛粉末和5重量份二硼化锆粉末混合后,再加入5重量份聚乙烯醇和500重量份去离子水,以200r/min的速度球磨4h,得到混合浆料;
(3)将混合浆料进行冷冻干燥得到颗粒物,然后将颗粒物干压得到陶瓷生坯;
(4)陶瓷生坯采用放电等离子烧结工艺进行烧结,控制烧结参数为:
轴向压力25MPa,烧结升温速率为120℃/min,烧结温度为1950℃,烧结保温时间4min,烧结真空度≦4MPa,最终得到高韧性复合纳米陶瓷材料。
对比例5
一种高韧性复合纳米陶瓷材料的制备方法,所述制备方法包括以下步骤:
(1)采用化学气相沉积法,以ZrCl4为锆源前驱体,以CO2和氢气为反应气体,以氩气为稀释气体,ZrCl4流量为0.4g/min,CO2流量为0.25m3 /h,氢气流量为0.25m3 /h,氩气流量为0.2m3 /h,压强为16KPa,温度为850℃,沉积时间为8h,在纳米石墨烯片表面沉积氧化锆层,得到改性纳米石墨烯;
(2)取8重量份改性纳米石墨烯、60重量份氧化锆纤维、18重量份氮化硼纤维、12重量份碳化硼粉末、6重量份二硼化钛粉末和5重量份二硼化锆粉末混合后,再加入5重量份聚乙烯醇和500重量份去离子水,以200r/min的速度球磨4h,得到混合浆料;
(3)将混合浆料进行冷冻干燥得到颗粒物,然后将颗粒物干压得到陶瓷生坯;
(4)陶瓷生坯采用放电等离子烧结工艺进行烧结,控制烧结参数为:轴向压力55MPa,烧结升温速率为120℃/min,烧结温度为1950℃,烧结保温时间1.5min,烧结真空度≦4MPa,最终得到高韧性复合纳米陶瓷材料。
实施例1-4和对比例1-5制备的高韧性复合纳米陶瓷材料的力学性能和密度以及相对致密度如下表1所示:
表1
由表1结果可知,对比例1在实施例1基础上直接添加纳米石墨烯片,对比例2在实施例1基础上将放电等离子烧结工艺改为真空烧结工艺,对比例3在实施例1基础上将氧化锆纤维改为粒度为40~70um的氧化锆粉体,对比例4和对比例5在实施例1基础上调整了放电等离子烧结的工艺参数,最终得到高韧性复合纳米陶瓷材料的断裂韧性、抗弯强度、密度和相对致密度均低于实施例1。
以上所述,仅是本发明的较佳实施例而已,并非对本发明作任何形式上的限制,虽然本发明已以较佳实施例揭示如上,然而并非用以限定本发明,任何本领域技术人员,在不脱离本发明技术方案范围内,当可利用上述揭示的技术内容做出些许更动或修饰为等同变化的等效实施例,但凡是未脱离本发明技术方案内容,依据本发明的技术实质对以上实施例所作的任何简介修改、等同变化与修饰,均仍属于本发明技术方案的范围内。
Claims (8)
1.一种高韧性复合纳米陶瓷材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述制备方法包括以下步骤:
(1)采用化学气相沉积法,在纳米石墨烯片表面沉积氧化锆层,得到改性纳米石墨烯;
(2)取改性纳米石墨烯、氧化锆纤维、氮化硼纤维、硼化物粉末混合后,再加入聚乙烯醇和去离子水球磨,得到混合浆料;
(3)将混合浆料进行冷冻干燥得到颗粒物,然后将颗粒物干压得到陶瓷生坯;
(4)陶瓷生坯采用放电等离子烧结工艺得到高韧性复合纳米陶瓷材料。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种高韧性复合纳米陶瓷材料的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)所述各组分加入量为:改性纳米石墨烯8-15重量份、氧化锆纤维60-80重量份、氮化硼纤维15-25重量份、硼化物粉末20-30重量份、聚乙烯醇5-8重量份、去离子水300-500重量份。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种高韧性复合纳米陶瓷材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述硼化物粉末由10-15重量份碳化硼粉末、5-8重量份二硼化钛粉末和5-7重量份二硼化锆粉末组成。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种高韧性复合纳米陶瓷材料的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)所述化学气相沉积法的具体条件为:以ZrCl4为锆源前驱体,以CO2和氢气为反应气体,以氩气为稀释气体,压强为10~20KPa,温度为800~1000℃,时间为5~10h。
5.根据权利要求4所述的一种高韧性复合纳米陶瓷材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述ZrCl4流量为0.4-0.6g/min,所述CO2流量为0.2-0.3m3 /h,氢气流量为0.2-0.3m3 /h,氩气流量为0.2-0.3m3 /h。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种高韧性复合纳米陶瓷材料的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)所述球磨转速为200-300r/min,球磨时间为3-5h。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种高韧性复合纳米陶瓷材料的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(4)所述放电等离子烧结工艺条件为:轴向压力30-50MPa,烧结升温速率为30-100℃/min,烧结温度为1900-2000℃,烧结保温时间2-3min,烧结真空度≦4MPa。
8.一种权利要求1-7任一项所述的制备方法制备得到的高韧性复合纳米陶瓷材料。
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