CN115553181A - Artificial cultivation method of phellinus igniarius rough wood fungus - Google Patents
Artificial cultivation method of phellinus igniarius rough wood fungus Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
- A01G18/20—Culture media, e.g. compost
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
- A01G18/50—Inoculation of spawn
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Mycology (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Mushroom Cultivation (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a cultivation method of phellinus igniarius fungus Ficus hirsuta. The culture medium comprises the following components: 39% of miscellaneous wood dust, 39% of cottonseed hull, 15% of bran, 5% of corn flour, 1% of lime and 1% of gypsum. The key points of the artificial cultivation method comprise: performing after-ripening management, culturing mycelium to physiological maturity, controlling the temperature at 21-25 ℃, and controlling the illumination intensity at 400-600lx; culturing primordium capable of developing into fruiting body during primordium management, controlling temperature at 21-25 deg.C, relative humidity at 80-90%, CO2 concentration at 400-600ppm, and illumination intensity at 400-600lx; when fruiting management is carried out, the mature primordial cutting openings are placed into a fruiting chamber to be cultured until the chaetomium hirsutum is mature and harvested, the temperature is controlled to be 23-26 ℃, the relative humidity is 85-95%, the CO2 concentration is 350-500ppm, and the illumination intensity is 400-600lx. The crude filamentous fungi planted by the method has the advantages of high growth rate, high yield, good shape, contribution to large-scale popularization and good economic benefit.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of cultivation of rare medicinal fungi, in particular to an artificial cultivation method of phellinus igniarius fungus chaetomium globosum.
Background
The Inonotus hispidus, commonly known as Inonotus hispidus or Xanthomonas rouxii belongs to Basidiomycota, agaricaceae, hymenochaetales, hymenochaetaceae and Microchaetaceae according to the modern classification system, and is a phellinus fungus with important nutritive value and medicinal value. The research shows that the phellinus igniarius fungus has good curative effects on prevention or treatment of tumors, immunoregulation, anti-inflammation, anti-infection, oxidation resistance and the like, and shows wide application prospects. The biological activity of Phellinus linteus fungus is closely related to metabolite produced during its growth process, and the effective drug substance is mainly flavone, polyphenol, polysaccharide and triterpene substance. At present, the growth period of wild fungi is long, the influence of natural factors is large, the quality is unstable, and the artificial cultivation investment is less, so that the development of the Inonotus latus industry is restricted.
The invention patent with application number of 202010249784.7 discloses an artificial cultivation method of crude phellinus linteus, which mainly uses mulberry leaf and mulberry branch leachate to prepare a liquid culture medium, uses mulberry leaves and mulberry branches as main materials and miscellaneous wood chips as auxiliary materials to carry out bag cultivation, facilitates the rapid field planting and germination of the hypha of the crude phellinus linteus, effectively shortens the production period of the crude phellinus linteus, and improves the yield of the crude phellinus linteus. However, the method has certain limitation because a large proportion of mulberry branches and leaves must be used for cultivation.
The invention patent with application number of 202110311530.8 discloses an artificial cultivation method of crude phellinus linteus, cultivation materials take mulberry branch sawdust and lotus seed shells as main materials, traditional Chinese medicine juice and fermentation bed padding as auxiliary materials, the biological efficiency is 35%, the highest crude polysaccharide content in active substances is 17.85%, the total flavone content is 6.81%, and the total triterpene content is 0.86%, and the cultivation method has good activity of medicinal fungi. However, the method needs to use mulberry branches and leaves for cultivation, and also needs traditional Chinese medicinal materials for boiling and preparation of fermentation bed padding, so that the operation is complex, the cost is high, certain limitations are realized, and the shape of the fruit body is not good.
At present, domestic cultivation technology is still immature. The invention uses the cotton seed hulls and the miscellaneous wood chips which are relatively easy to obtain as the main materials, the bran and the corn flour as the auxiliary materials, the coarse chaetomium is cultivated instead of materials, the growth period is short, the manual management is convenient, the biotransformation rate is high, the polysaccharide, flavonoid and polyphenol contents of the sporocarp are high, and the invention is suitable for the large-scale artificial cultivation of the coarse chaetomium.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for cultivating Ficus hirsuta, which aims to solve the problems that the artificial cultivation technology of Ficus hirsuta in the prior art is immature, fruiting bodies are slowly formed in the fruiting period, the growth is irregular and the commodity is poor.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the culture medium for the chaetomium globosum is a culture medium, and comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 39% of miscellaneous wood chips (basswood and poplar), 39% of cottonseed hull, 15% of bran, 5% of corn flour, 1% of lime and 1% of gypsum, and the water content after mixing is 60-62%. Bagging, sterilizing, and cooling.
An artificial cultivation method of Ficus hirsuta, which comprises the following steps:
s21, inoculating: inoculating a crude-capillary fungus liquid strain into a fungus bag under an aseptic condition;
s22, spawn running: transferring the inoculated material bag to a dark culture room for spawn running culture for 35-40d, controlling the temperature in the culture room to be 24-26 ℃, and keeping proper ventilation;
s23, after-ripening management: transferring the fungus bag to an after-ripening culture room when the bag is full of mycelia or 9/10 of the bags, culturing for 5-40 days until the fungus bag is physiologically ripe, controlling the temperature in the after-ripening culture room to 21-25 deg.C, relative humidity to 80-90%, and CO 2 The concentration is 400-600ppm, and the illumination intensity is 400-600lx;
s24, primordium management: when the cultivation bag has yellow white or faint yellow obvious primordium, the fungus bag can be transferred to a fruiting room for fruiting management;
s25, fruiting management: cutting the fungus bag with the primordium, transferring into fruiting room, culturing for 7-14 days, controlling the temperature in the fruiting room at 23-26 deg.C, relative humidity at 85-95%, and CO 2 Culturing fruiting body to mature with concentration of 350-500ppm and illumination intensity of 400-600lx;
s26, harvesting: when the edge of the pileus turns from yellow to yellow, the pileus curls upwards or the edge generates porosity, the collection can be carried out.
Specifically, in step S21, a liquid culture medium is prepared by a conventional method, and the formula is as follows: 200g of potato extract, 20g of glucose, 3g of monopotassium phosphate and 1.5g of magnesium sulfate, and water is added to the mixture to reach the volume of 1000ml. Then inoculating the PDA solid culture medium strain into a liquid culture medium, and then putting the liquid culture medium into a constant-temperature shaking incubator with the temperature of 24-26 ℃ and the rotating speed of 150-160r/min for culturing for 8-12d to obtain the liquid strain.
Specifically, in step S23, after the fungus sack is post-matured and cultured, the fungus sack changes from white hyphae to yellow, indicating that the fungus sack is physiologically matured.
Specifically, after the fungus bags are subjected to after-ripening culture in the step S24, yellow-white or yellowish primordium appears in the fungus bags, and the area of the primordium is more than 9cm 2 The length is 3-7cm, the width is 3-7cm, which indicates that the fungus bag can be used for fruiting and has strong activity, and the fungus bag can be transferred into a fruiting chamber for fruiting management.
Specifically, the fungus bags in step S25 can be subjected to after-ripening culture and primordium managementAfter the primordium of the mushroom is grown, cutting the primordium, wherein the length is 4-8cm, the height is 3-6cm, only plastic on the surface of the mushroom bag needs to be removed, and the mushroom bag cultivation material does not need to be damaged. Strict control of temperature, humidity and CO 2 The concentration, which is the critical stage of the differentiation of the fruit body, is improperly controlled, resulting in the malformation of the fruit body.
The invention has the advantages that:
(1) The method adopts the conditions of after-ripening management, primordium management and fruiting management to produce the crude chaetomium fortune primordium which is completely differentiated, the growth vigor is fast, the yield is high, the pileus of the fruiting body has crude hair, and the shape of the pileus is almost the same as that of the fruiting body of the wild chaetomium fortune.
(2) The invention takes the mixed wood dust and the cottonseed hulls as the main raw materials of the culture medium, the composition of the auxiliary materials is very simple, and the raw materials are easy to obtain. By adjusting the proportion of the components of the formula, controlling the environmental conditions and controlling the fruiting of primordium, the production period of the coarse capillary fungus is effectively shortened, the yield is improved, and a foundation is laid for the large-scale cultivation of the coarse capillary fungus.
(3) The method uses the common materials for cultivating the mushrooms, namely the mixed sawdust and the cottonseed hulls, to cultivate the coarse woolly fungus, saves certain processes of fermenting the raw materials, has simple operation of the material mixing method, saves time and labor compared with a basswood cultivation mode, and has simple process flow; compared with the mulberry branch and mulberry leaf substitute cultivation, the cost is low.
In a word, the method is easy for large-scale cultivation and production.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram of the bags at each stage: fungus bag in spawn running period (left), fungus bag in physiological maturity period (middle), fungus bag in primordial period to be opened (right)
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the growth stages of normal fruit body: villus stage (left 1), bud stage (left 2, right 2), mature stage (right 1)
FIG. 3 is a field fruiting body diagram:
FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the growth stages of the malformed fruit body: villus stage (left), juvenile stage (middle), mature stage (right).
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in detail below by way of examples, it being necessary to point out here that the following examples are given by way of illustration only and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention, which is intended to be covered by the claims and that insubstantial modifications and adaptations thereof may be made by those skilled in the art in light of the foregoing disclosure.
All starting materials in the present invention, except where specifically indicated, are commercially available and are not further processed, and laboratory instruments are also commercially available.
Fiveleaf rough fungus: the fruit body has no handle, is semicircular to approximate to a horseshoe shape, is soft and juicy when being fresh, and is light and crisp after being dried; coarse wool with a thickness of 5 mm; dull edge with fluff.
The wild Ficus hirsuta is collected at 2021 year and 8 months in the northeast forestry university forest farm of Harrisun city, and the parasitic plant is phellodendron amurense, and is separated by tissue separation method and purified and cultured on composite PDA culture medium. The crude capillary fungus Inonotus hispidus ZJL-1 is preserved in China Center for Type Culture Collection (CCTCC), the preservation address is No. 299 of eight paths in Wuchang district, wuhan City, hubei province, the preservation date is No. 07/11 days in 2022 years, and the preservation number of the strain is CCTCC NO: m20221088.
The artificial cultivation of the chaetomium globosum is completed according to the following steps:
the solid culture medium is prepared by a conventional method, and the formula is as follows: 200g of potato leachate, 20g of glucose, 3g of monopotassium phosphate, 1.5g of magnesium sulfate and 17g of agar powder, and adding water to a constant volume of 1000ml. Inoculating the preserved crude capillary fungus strain into the prepared solid culture medium for activation to obtain an activated strain.
The liquid culture medium is prepared by a conventional method, and the formula is as follows: 200g of potato extract, 20g of glucose, 3g of monopotassium phosphate and 1.5g of magnesium sulfate, and adding water to a constant volume of 1000ml. Then inoculating the activated strain into a liquid culture medium, and then putting the liquid culture medium on a constant-temperature shaking incubator with the temperature of 24-26 ℃ and the rotating speed of 150-160r/min for culturing for 8-12d to obtain the liquid strain.
Preparing a culture medium, which comprises the following components: 39% of miscellaneous wood chips (basswood and poplar), 39% of cottonseed hull, 15% of bran, 5% of corn flour, 1% of lime and 1% of gypsum, and the water content after mixing is 60-62%. Placing the mixed cultivation material into polypropylene angular bags with the size of 12cm multiplied by 24 cm special for edible fungi, filling 600g of the cultivation material into each bag, sterilizing and cooling.
Under aseptic conditions, the liquid spawn is mixed with sterile water according to the ratio of 1: diluting at a ratio of 5-10, and uniformly inoculating the diluted liquid strain into a culture medium. The method specifically comprises the following steps: inoculating the diluted liquid strain by using an inoculation gun, wherein the inoculation amount of each bag is 10-15ml; then spawn running is carried out according to the following specific steps: moving the fungus bag filled with liquid strains into a fungus growing chamber, controlling the temperature at 24-26 ℃, and keeping proper ventilation; transferring the fungus bag to an after-ripening culture room when the fungus bag is inoculated and cultured for 35-40d and the bag is filled with mycelia or 9/10 bags, culturing to physiological maturity, controlling the temperature in the after-ripening culture room to be 22-25 deg.C, the relative humidity to be 80-90%, and CO 2 The concentration is 400-600ppm, and the illumination intensity is 400-600lx; and (4) after-ripening and culturing the fungus bags for 5-40d, and when the culture bags have yellow white or faint yellow obvious primordia, indicating that the fungus bags can be transferred to a fruiting room for fruiting management.
Example 1
The fungus bag begins to appear yellow-white or yellowish primordium with primordium area greater than 9cm 2 The length is 3-7cm, and the width is 3-7cm, which indicates that the fungus bag can be used for fruiting and has strong activity, and the fungus bag can be transferred to a fruiting chamber for fruiting management. Cutting at primordium position with length of 4-8cm and height of 3-6cm, removing plastic on surface of fungus bag without destroying fungus bag cultivation material, controlling fruiting room temperature at 23-26 deg.C, relative humidity at 85-95%, and CO 2 The concentration is 350-500ppm, and the illumination intensity is 400-600lx. And harvesting when the edge of the pileus turns from yellow to yellow and curls upwards towards the pileus or when the edge generates porosities.
And the rate of pileus differentiation and the yield of Firmiana sinensis were recorded.
Comparative example 1
The fungus bag begins to appear yellow-white or yellowish primordium with primordium area greater than 9cm 2 The length is 3-7cm, the width is 3-7cm, which indicates that the fungus bag can be used for fruiting and has strong activity, and the fungus bag can be transferred into a fruiting chamber for fruiting management. Cutting at primordium with length of 4-8cm and height of 3-6cm, removing plastic on the surface of the fungus bag without destroying the fungus bag cultivation material, controlling the indoor temperature of fruiting at 23-26 deg.C, relative humidity at 85-95%, and CO 2 The concentration is 600-800ppm, and the illumination intensity is 400-600lx. Harvesting when the fruit body size is not obviously changed and the color is darkened and suddenly darkened.
And the rate of pileus differentiation and the yield of Firmiana sinensis were recorded.
Comparative example 2
The fungus bag begins to appear yellow-white or yellowish primordium with primordium area greater than 9cm 2 The length is 3-7cm, and the width is 3-7cm, which indicates that the fungus bag can be used for fruiting and has strong activity, and the fungus bag can be transferred to a fruiting chamber for fruiting management. Cutting at primordium position with length of 4-8cm and height of 3-6cm, removing plastic on surface of fungus bag without destroying fungus bag cultivation material, controlling fruiting room temperature at 17-21 deg.C, relative humidity at 85-95%, and CO 2 The concentration is 600-800ppm, and the illumination intensity is 400-600lx. Harvesting when the fruit body size is not obviously changed and the color is darkened and suddenly darkened.
And the rate of pileus differentiation and the yield of Firmiana sinensis were recorded.
Comparative example 3
Cutting the edge of primordium in a way of 4-8cm long and 3-6cm high, removing plastic on the surface of the fungus bag without destroying the fungus bag cultivation material, transferring into a fruiting chamber for fruiting management, controlling the temperature in the fruiting chamber to be 23-26 ℃, the relative humidity to be 85-95%, and CO 2 The concentration is 350-500ppm, and the illumination intensity is 400-600lx. When the edge of the pileus turns from yellow to yellow and curls upwards or the edge is porous, the pileus can be harvested.
And the rate of pileus differentiation and the yield of Firmiana sinensis were recorded.
Comparative example 4
And when the primordium of the fungus bag is not enlarged any more, black stripes appear and the color of the primordium is the same as that of the fungus bag (namely the primordium is aged), transferring the primordium into a fruiting chamber for fruiting management. Cutting at primordium with length of 4-8cm and height of 3-6cm, removing plastic on the surface of the fungus bag without destroying the cultivation material of the fungus bag, controlling the temperature in the fruiting chamber at 23-26 deg.C and relative humidity of 85-95％，CO 2 The concentration is 350-500ppm, and the illumination intensity is 400-600lx.
And the rate of pileus differentiation and the yield of Firmiana sinensis were recorded.
TABLE 1 comparison of different management modes
The results show that the temperature, humidity and CO are proper 2 And under the control of illumination intensity, the opening mode has great influence on the biological efficiency of the cultivation of the chaetomium globosum, and the biological efficiency of 55.6 percent of the opening of the example 1 at the primordium is 41.6 percent more than that of the opening at the edge. Lower temperature and higher CO with the same opening mode 2 Concentrations can affect the differentiation of the pileus and can reduce its biological efficiency. The biological efficiency is greatly reduced by opening and fruiting after the primordium is aged.
The invention is not limited to the specific embodiments, and any equivalent changes to the technical solution of the invention which are made by those skilled in the art through reading the specification are covered by the claims of the invention.
While the present invention has been described with reference to the embodiments shown in the drawings, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments, which are illustrative and not restrictive, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention can be practiced without departing from the spirit and scope of the appended claims.
Claims (5)
1. The culture medium for the chaetomium globosum is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by mass: 39% of mixed wood dust, 39% of cottonseed hull, 15% of bran, 5% of corn flour, 1% of lime and 1% of gypsum, wherein the water content after mixing is 60-62%, bagging, sterilizing and cooling for later use.
2. An artificial cultivation method of Ficus hirsuta, which comprises the following steps:
s21, inoculating: inoculating a crude-capillary fungus liquid strain into a fungus bag under an aseptic condition;
s22, spawn running: transferring the inoculated material bag to a dark culture room for spawn running culture for 35-40d, controlling the temperature in the culture room to be 24-26 ℃, and keeping proper ventilation;
s23, after-ripening management: transferring the fungus bag to an after-ripening culture room when the bag is full of mycelia or 9/10 of the bags, culturing for 5-40 days until the fungus bag is physiologically ripe, controlling the temperature in the after-ripening culture room to 21-25 deg.C, relative humidity to 80-90%, and CO 2 The concentration is 400-600ppm, and the illumination intensity is 400-600lx;
s24, primordium management: when the cultivation bag has yellow white or faint yellow obvious primordium, the fungus bag can be transferred to a fruiting room for fruiting management;
s25, fruiting management: cutting the fungus bag with the primordium, transferring into fruiting chamber, culturing for 7-14 days, controlling the temperature of the fruiting chamber at 23-26 deg.C, relative humidity at 85-95%, and CO 2 Culturing fruiting body to mature with concentration of 350-500ppm and illumination intensity of 400-600lx;
s26, harvesting: when the pileus edge changes from yellow-white to yellow, the pileus curls upwards or the edge is porous, the picking can be carried out.
3. The artificial cultivation method of chaetomium globosum as claimed in claim 2, wherein after the fungus bag in S23 is post-ripened and cultivated, the fungus bag is changed from white hypha to yellow, which indicates that the hypha is already physiologically ripened.
4. The artificial cultivation method of Firmiana sinensis according to claim 2, wherein after the fungus sack is subjected to after-ripening culture in S24, the fungus sack develops yellowish-white or yellowish primordia, and the primordia area is greater than 9cm 2 The length is 3-7cm, the width is 3-7cm, and the mushroom can be transferred to a fruiting room for fruiting management.
5. Coarse wool fibre hole according to claim 2The artificial cultivation method of the fungi is characterized in that after fungi bags in S25 are subjected to after-ripening culture and primordium management, primordium capable of realizing fruiting is generated, a cut is made at the primordium, the length is 4-8cm, the height is 3-6cm, and only plastics on the surfaces of the fungi bags need to be removed without damaging fungi bag cultivation materials. Strict control of temperature, humidity and CO 2 The concentration, which is the critical period for the differentiation of the fruit body, is improperly controlled, which results in the malformation of the fruit body.
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