CN115537803B - WC-Ni wear-resistant coating on surface of 316L stainless steel and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
WC-Ni wear-resistant coating on surface of 316L stainless steel and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 106
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
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- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 16
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 111
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- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
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- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 92
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
- C23C24/08—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat
- C23C24/10—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat with intermediate formation of a liquid phase in the layer
- C23C24/103—Coating with metallic material, i.e. metals or metal alloys, optionally comprising hard particles, e.g. oxides, carbides or nitrides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C19/00—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt
- C22C19/03—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel
- C22C19/05—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium
- C22C19/051—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium and Mo or W
- C22C19/055—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium and Mo or W with the maximum Cr content being at least 20% but less than 30%
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C19/00—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt
- C22C19/03—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel
- C22C19/05—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium
- C22C19/051—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium and Mo or W
- C22C19/056—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium and Mo or W with the maximum Cr content being at least 10% but less than 20%
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C29/00—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides
- C22C29/02—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on carbides or carbonitrides
- C22C29/06—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on carbides or carbonitrides based on carbides, but not containing other metal compounds
- C22C29/08—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on carbides or carbonitrides based on carbides, but not containing other metal compounds based on tungsten carbide
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
- C23C24/08—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat
- C23C24/10—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat with intermediate formation of a liquid phase in the layer
- C23C24/103—Coating with metallic material, i.e. metals or metal alloys, optionally comprising hard particles, e.g. oxides, carbides or nitrides
- C23C24/106—Coating with metal alloys or metal elements only
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
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- Materials Engineering (AREA)
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- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
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- Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a WC-Ni wear-resistant coating on the surface of 316L stainless steel and a preparation method thereof, and relates to laser cladding materials. The WC-Ni wear-resistant coating comprises a base material and a WC-Ni wear-resistant coating positioned on the surface of the base material, wherein the WC-Ni wear-resistant coating comprises a surface layer and a transition layer which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom; the surface layer is formed by adopting WC powder to carry out laser cladding, wherein the WC powder contains 57-63% of WC according to mass fraction; the transition layer is formed by adopting Ni625 powder to carry out laser cladding. The WC-Ni wear-resistant coating comprises a surface layer and a transition layer, wherein the surface layer is made of WC powder, the transition layer is made of Ni625 powder, and the WC-Ni wear-resistant coating is prepared by laser cladding of the WC powder and the Ni625 powder.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of laser cladding materials, in particular to a WC-Ni wear-resistant coating on the surface of 316L stainless steel and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The 316L stainless steel is also called titanium steel, belongs to molybdenum-containing stainless steel, and is superior to other steel in heat resistance and corrosion resistance due to the addition of 2% -3% of Mo element, and is often used in the industries of ocean, papermaking, food, chemical industry and the like. However, the 316L stainless steel still has the problems of hardness, wear resistance and the like, which can not meet the use requirements of equipment parts in some special environments.
In order to enable the 316L stainless steel to be used in some special environments, for example, the 316L stainless steel is applied to important fields such as aerospace, transportation, ferrous metallurgy, petrochemical industry and nuclear power, the hardness, wear resistance, corrosion resistance and other performances of the 316L stainless steel are required to be further improved, at present, the wear-resistant coating is generally prepared on the surface of the 316L stainless steel to improve the hardness, wear resistance, corrosion resistance and other performances of the 316L stainless steel, and along with the wide use of a laser cladding technology, the wear-resistant coating is formed on the 316L stainless steel by adopting the laser cladding technology, so that the performance of the surface of the 316L stainless steel can be effectively improved.
The laser cladding technology is a novel surface improvement technology, and the coating prepared by the technology can better form metallurgical bonding with a substrate, effectively improves the characteristics of wear resistance, corrosion resistance, heat resistance, oxidation resistance and the like of the surface of the substrate material, has customizable characteristics and can meet gradient functions, and is widely applied to important fields such as aerospace, transportation, ferrous metallurgy, petrochemical industry, nuclear power and the like. When a laser cladding technology is used for forming a coating on the surface of a substrate, laser cladding powder is usually required to be used, at present, chemical elements of the laser cladding powder for increasing the performances of wear resistance, hardness, corrosion resistance and the like of the surface of 316L stainless steel are mainly Ni elements, the laser cladding powder containing the Ni elements is adopted for carrying out surface improvement on the 316L stainless steel, although the hardness of the 316L stainless steel can be improved to a certain extent, the hardness improvement is not obvious, the 316L stainless steel still has the defect of insufficient hardness, in order to further improve the problem, enterprises can add tungsten carbide into the laser cladding powder at present, the hardness of the surface of the 316L stainless steel can be further improved, but because the large difference of elastic modulus exists between the tungsten carbide and the stainless steel, if the adding amount of the tungsten carbide is too large, the coating is easy to fall off, the content of the tungsten carbide in the laser cladding powder for forming the coating on the surface of the 316L stainless steel by adopting the laser cladding technology is generally lower, the prepared 316L stainless steel has the defects of insufficient hardness and wear resistance, the hardness and the hardness of the surface of the 316L stainless steel still has the hardness of the 316L stainless steel is difficult to meet the special environment, and the requirements of improving the wear resistance and the wear resistance of the surface of the stainless steel still needs to be met, and the requirements of the surface of the stainless steel can still have the hardness and the hardness of the surface is still improved.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems of the background technology, the invention aims to provide the WC-Ni wear-resistant coating on the surface of 316L stainless steel, and the WC-Ni wear-resistant coating can improve the binding force between the WC-Ni wear-resistant coating and a substrate and avoid the falling of the WC-Ni wear-resistant coating while improving the wear resistance and the hardness.
The invention further aims to provide a preparation method of the WC-Ni wear-resistant coating on the surface of the 316L stainless steel, which is used for preparing the WC-Ni wear-resistant coating on the surface of the 316L stainless steel.
To achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
The WC-Ni wear-resistant coating comprises a base material and a WC-Ni wear-resistant coating positioned on the surface of the base material, wherein the WC-Ni wear-resistant coating comprises a surface layer and a transition layer which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom;
The surface layer is formed by adopting WC powder to carry out laser cladding, and the WC powder contains 57-63% of WC according to mass fraction; the transition layer is formed by adopting Ni625 powder to carry out laser cladding.
Further, the WC powder comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: 2 to 3%C percent, 0.75 to 0.95 percent of Si, 0.3 to 0.45 percent of B, 7.5 to 8.5 percent of Cu, 54.8 to 59.5 percent of W and the balance of Ni.
Further, the WC powder comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: 2.38% C, 0.85% Si, 0.39% B, 8.18% Cu, 57.75% W, the balance Ni.
Further, the Ni625 powder comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: 0 to 0.02 percent of C, 19 to 23 percent of Cr, 0.3 to 0.5 percent of Si, 7 to 10 percent of Mo, 0.2 to 0.5 percent of Mg, 0.2 to 0.5 percent of Fe, 2 to 4 percent of Nb and the balance of Ni.
Further, the Ni625 powder comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: 0.01% C, 21% Cr, 0.42% Si, 8.8% Mo, 0.38% Mg, 0.39% Fe, 3.48% Nb, and the balance Ni.
Further, the particle size of the Ni625 powder is 53-150 mu m; the particle size of the WC powder is 40-150 mu m.
Further, the surface layer is provided with a plurality of layers.
Further, the base material is 316L stainless steel.
The preparation method of the WC-Ni wear-resistant coating on the surface of the 316L stainless steel is used for preparing the WC-Ni wear-resistant coating on the surface of the 316L stainless steel and comprises the following steps:
(1) Pretreating a substrate;
(2) Carrying out laser cladding on the surface of the substrate by using Ni625 powder to obtain a transition layer; the laser power in the laser cladding is 1800W;
(3) Carrying out laser cladding on the surface of the transition layer by using WC powder, and forming a surface layer on the surface of the transition layer to obtain a WC-Ni wear-resistant coating; the laser power in performing laser cladding was 1800W.
Further, in the step (2), the process parameters of performing laser cladding are: the laser power is 1800W, the powder feeding amount is 12.5g/min, the lap joint rate is 50%, the powder feeding air flow is 6L/min, and the protection air flow is 10L/min;
In the step (3), the technological parameters for performing laser cladding are as follows: the laser power is 1800W, the powder feeding amount is 17.0g/min, the lap joint rate is 50%, the powder feeding air flow is 6L/min, and the protection air flow is 10L/min.
The technical scheme has the following beneficial effects: the WC-Ni wear-resistant coating in the technical scheme comprises a surface layer and a transition layer, wherein the surface layer is made of WC powder, the transition layer is made of Ni625 powder, the WC powder and the Ni625 powder are adopted to prepare the WC-Ni wear-resistant coating through laser cladding, the excellent characteristics of metal and the characteristics of ceramic materials are organically combined by the composite coating, the surface quality of 316L stainless steel can be effectively improved, the wear-resistant performance, the hardness and the strength of the WC-Ni wear-resistant coating can be improved, the WC-Ni wear-resistant coating can be suitable for more severe working environments, and due to the arrangement of the transition layer, the surface layer can be prevented from being in direct contact with a substrate, and meanwhile, the binding force between the surface layer and a substrate can be effectively improved, so that the WC-Ni wear-resistant coating has excellent binding force while the high wear-resistant performance and the high hardness are achieved, and the WC-Ni wear-resistant coating can be prevented from falling off.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a morphology of Ni625 powder in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a topography of WC powder in example 1 of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a metallographic structure view of the WC-Ni abrasion-resistant coating prepared in example 1;
FIG. 4 is a view showing a metallographic structure of the WC-Ni abrasion-resistant coating layer obtained in comparative example 1;
FIG. 5 is a view showing a metallographic structure of the WC-Ni abrasion-resistant coating layer obtained in comparative example 2;
FIG. 6 is a gold phase diagram of the WC-Ni wear-resistant coating prepared in example 1 after aqua regia corrosion;
FIG. 7 is a graph showing adhesion test of WC-Ni abrasion-resistant coating prepared in example 1;
FIG. 8 is a graph showing the results of a dry grinding wheel abrasion test performed on the WC-Ni abrasion-resistant coating prepared in example 1;
FIG. 9 is a graph showing the results of wet abrasive wear test on WC-Ni abrasion-resistant coating prepared in example 1;
FIG. 10 is a graph showing the experimental results of the WC-Ni abrasion-resistant coating prepared in example 1 after performing the penetration crack test.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings 1-10 and the detailed description.
The WC-Ni wear-resistant coating comprises a substrate and a WC-Ni wear-resistant coating positioned on the surface of the substrate, wherein the WC-Ni wear-resistant coating comprises a surface layer and a transition layer which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom;
The surface layer is formed by adopting WC powder to carry out laser cladding, wherein the WC powder contains 57-63% of WC according to mass fraction; the transition layer is formed by adopting Ni625 powder to carry out laser cladding.
The WC-Ni wear-resistant coating in the technical scheme comprises a surface layer and a transition layer, wherein the preparation material of the surface layer is WC powder, the preparation material of the transition layer is Ni625 powder, the WC-Ni wear-resistant coating is prepared by laser cladding with the WC powder and the Ni625 powder, the composite coating organically combines the excellent characteristics of metal and the characteristics of ceramic materials, the surface quality of 316L stainless steel can be effectively improved, the wear resistance, the hardness and the strength of the composite coating are improved, the composite coating can be suitable for more severe working environments, and due to the arrangement of the transition layer, the direct contact of the surface layer and a substrate can be avoided, meanwhile, the binding force between the surface layer and the substrate can be effectively improved, so that the WC-Ni wear-resistant coating has excellent binding force while having high wear resistance and high hardness, and the WC-Ni wear-resistant coating can be prevented from falling off.
Specifically, the transition layer of the technical scheme is formed after the Ni625 powder is subjected to laser cladding, the Ni625 (nickel-based alloy) has good corrosion resistance and self-lubricating capability, metallurgical bonding can be formed by cladding with a base material, the Ni625 (nickel-based alloy) has good cladding performance, the application field in actual production is wide, the wear resistance at high temperature is excellent, the technical scheme is characterized in that the surface of the base material is primed by the transition layer, the direct contact of a hard surface layer and the base material is avoided, the bonding force between the surface layer and the base material can be effectively improved, the surface layer can be effectively prevented from falling off, and meanwhile, the WC-Ni wear-resistant coating has good corrosion resistance.
Specifically, the surface layer in the technical scheme contains 57-63% of WC (tungsten carbide) by mass, and the WC content is high, so that the surface layer has high hardness and high wear resistance, as shown in figures 1 and 2, which are respectively the morphology diagrams of Ni625 powder and WC powder in the technical scheme, and the morphology diagrams of the WC powder show that WC particles in the WC powder are uniformly and densely distributed, and the cladding layer has no cracks and no interface pollution. The wear resistance of the surface layer is increased along with the increase of the WC content in WC powder, but if no transition layer exists, the hard surface layer is in direct contact with the base material, the binding force between the surface layer and the base material is continuously reduced along with the increase of the WC content, and the coating is easy to peel off later due to the large elastic modulus difference between tungsten carbide and stainless steel.
Further illustrating, the WC powder comprises the following chemical components in mass percent: 2 to 3%C percent, 0.75 to 0.95 percent of Si, 0.3 to 0.45 percent of B, 7.5 to 8.5 percent of Cu, 54.8 to 59.5 percent of W and the balance of Ni.
The chemical components of the WC powder show that the WC powder in the technical scheme is mainly composed of WC, the hardness and the wear resistance of the surface of the 316L stainless steel can be effectively improved through a large amount of WC powder, and the simple substance WC is a ceramic phase and is difficult to prepare a coating independently, so that copper element and nickel element are added into the WC powder, and the WC (tungsten carbide) and nickel-based alloy bonding phase are combined to form the cermet, and the coating (namely a surface layer) prepared by the cermet has high hardness and good sprayability.
Further illustrating, the WC powder comprises the following chemical components in mass percent: 2.38% C, 0.85% Si, 0.39% B, 8.18% Cu, 57.75% W, the balance Ni.
Further illustrating, the Ni625 powder comprises the following chemical components in mass percent: 0 to 0.02 percent of C, 19 to 23 percent of Cr, 0.3 to 0.5 percent of Si, 7 to 10 percent of Mo, 0.2 to 0.5 percent of Mg, 0.2 to 0.5 percent of Fe, 2 to 4 percent of Nb and the balance of Ni.
It is worth pointing out that the Ni625 powder in the technical scheme has good wettability and good high-temperature self-lubricating effect, and the combination of the Ni625 powder and the WC powder to form the composite coating can organically combine the excellent characteristics of metal with the characteristics of ceramic materials, so that the composite coating has potential application prospect.
Because the nickel-based alloy has the defect of insufficient hardness, the hardness is generally below 250 Vickers hardness, the nickel-based alloy is used as a transition layer and is clad with WC powder to form a WC-Ni wear-resistant coating, so that the excellent characteristics of metal and the characteristics of ceramic materials are organically combined.
Further illustrating, the Ni625 powder comprises the following chemical components in mass percent: 0.01% C, 21% Cr, 0.42% Si, 8.8% Mo, 0.38% Mg, 0.39% Fe, 3.48% Nb, and the balance Ni.
Further, the Ni625 powder has a particle size of 53 to 150 μm; the particle size of the WC powder is 40-150 μm.
Specifically, the hardness and wear resistance of the surface layer are enhanced along with the increase of the proportion of WC in the WC powder, but the brittleness of the surface layer is increased due to the content of WC, so that the coating is easy to crack, therefore, the WC powder with the granularity of 43-150 mu m is selected in the technical scheme, the granularity of the WC powder is smaller, the brittleness of the surface layer can be reduced, the cracking of the surface layer is avoided, and the WC powder with the granularity of 43-150 mu m can be selected according to the factors of the geometric shape and the laser power of the laser nozzle in the substantial production process.
Preferably, the Ni625 powder has a particle size of 40-80 μm.
Further illustratively, the facing layer is provided with a plurality of layers.
The preparation shows that the hardness, the wear resistance and the strength of the surface of the substrate can be effectively improved by arranging a plurality of layers of surface layers.
Further, the material of the base material is 316L stainless steel.
The preparation method of the WC-Ni wear-resistant coating on the surface of the 316L stainless steel is used for preparing the WC-Ni wear-resistant coating on the surface of the 316L stainless steel and comprises the following steps:
(1) Pretreating a substrate;
(2) Carrying out laser cladding on the surface of the substrate by using Ni625 powder to obtain a transition layer; the laser power in the laser cladding is 1800W;
(3) Carrying out laser cladding on the surface of the transition layer by using WC powder, and forming a surface layer on the surface of the transition layer to obtain a WC-Ni wear-resistant coating; the laser power in performing laser cladding was 1800W.
The preparation shows that the tungsten carbide (WC) is used as an important production material of the hard alloy, has excellent performances of high strength, high rigidity, heat resistance, oxidation resistance and the like, the nickel-based alloy has good wettability, and simultaneously has good high-temperature self-lubricating effect, the WC and the nickel-based alloy are combined into a composite coating, so that the excellent characteristics of metal and the characteristics of ceramic materials can be organically combined, and the nickel-based alloy has potential application prospect. According to the preparation method, the WC-Ni wear-resistant coating is prepared on the surface of the base material by utilizing the laser cladding technology, so that the surface of the base material can be effectively improved, the mechanical property and wear resistance of the base material are improved, and the base material can be suitable for more working occasions.
Specifically, the operation method of the pretreatment of the substrate in the step (1) is as follows: before cladding, firstly polishing a substrate to be fused by sand paper, cleaning and degreasing by acetone, then spraying S70 sand, and then placing the substrate into a resistance heating furnace for preheating at 300 ℃ for two hours.
Specifically, the Ni625 powder and WC powder may be dried at 70 ℃ for 1 hour in a drying oven before cladding, and laser cladding may be performed after the drying process.
Further, in the step (2), the process parameters for performing laser cladding are as follows: the laser power is 1800W, the powder feeding amount is 12.5g/min, the lap joint rate is 50%, the powder feeding air flow is 6L/min, and the protection air flow is 10L/min;
In the step (3), the technological parameters for performing laser cladding are as follows: the laser power is 1800W, the powder feeding amount is 17.0g/min, the lap joint rate is 50%, the powder feeding air flow is 6L/min, and the protection air flow is 10L/min.
In the body, the Ni625 powder and the WC powder are respectively clad on the surface of the 316L stainless steel to form the WC-Ni wear-resistant coating by designing the technological parameters of laser power, powder feeding amount, lap joint rate, powder feeding air flow, protective air flow and the like of laser cladding of the transition layer and the surface layer, so that the performances of the 316L stainless steel such as wear resistance, corrosion resistance, surface hardness and the like can be effectively improved.
The present technology will be further described with reference to examples.
The laser cladding equipment used in the following examples is TruDisk6006,6006 laser cladding system produced by Tongkuai corporation, which comprises system integration of equipment, related components and complete machine including German Tongkuai 6000W disk type solid laser, powder feeder, cold water machine, mechanical arm, tilting rotary table, numerical control machine, inner hole cladding head, electric focusing lens and the like. The rated power of the laser is 6000W, the output continuous wavelength is 750-1070nm, and the light spot is directly 1.2-7 mm. And a coaxial powder feeding mode is adopted, and a KUKA robot is utilized to drive a cladding head to clad a test piece.
Example 1
The WC-Ni wear-resistant coating on the surface of the 316L stainless steel comprises a base material (316L stainless steel) and a WC-Ni wear-resistant coating on the surface of the base material, wherein the WC-Ni wear-resistant coating comprises a surface layer and a transition layer which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom;
The surface layer is formed after laser cladding by adopting WC powder, and the transition layer is formed after laser cladding by adopting Ni625 powder, wherein the WC powder comprises the following chemical components: 2.38% C, 0.85% Si, 0.39% B, 8.18% Cu, 57.75% W, the balance Ni; the chemical components of the Ni625 powder are as follows: 0.01% C, 21% Cr, 0.42% Si, 8.8% Mo, 0.38% Mg, 0.39% Fe, 3.48% Nb, and the balance Ni.
The preparation method of the WC-Ni wear-resistant coating on the surface of the 316L stainless steel in the embodiment comprises the following steps:
(1) Pretreatment of the substrate and cladding powder: before cladding, firstly polishing a substrate to be clad by sand paper, cleaning and degreasing by acetone, then spraying S70 sand, and then placing the substrate into a resistance heating furnace for preheating at 300 ℃ for two hours; drying Ni625 powder and WC powder in a drying oven at 70 ℃ for 1 hour;
(2) Carrying out laser cladding on the surface of the substrate by using Ni625 powder to obtain a transition layer, and cladding a layer; the technological parameters in the laser cladding process are as follows: the laser power is 1800W, the powder feeding amount is 12.5g/min, the powder feeding air flow is 6L/min, the protection air flow is 10L/min, and the powder feeding rotating speed is 3.0r/min (the technological parameters are shown in the following table 1); wherein the protective gas and the powder feeding gas are argon and helium with the purity of 99.999 percent respectively; cladding is carried out by a multi-pass lapping method for experiments, and the lapping rate is 50%;
(3) Carrying out laser cladding on the surface of the transition layer by using WC powder, forming a surface layer on the surface of the transition layer, and cladding two layers of the surface layer to obtain a WC-Ni wear-resistant coating; the technological parameters for laser cladding are as follows: the laser power is 1800W, the powder feeding amount is 17.0g/min, the powder feeding air flow is 6L/min, and the protection air flow is 10L/min (specific process parameters are shown in the following table 1); wherein the protective gas and the powder feeding gas are argon and helium with the purity of 99.999 percent respectively; the experiment was carried out by multi-pass lap joint method with a lap joint rate of 50%.
TABLE 1 laser cladding process parameters
| Process parameters | Transition layer | Surface layer |
| Total thickness of coating (mm) | 1.0 | 2.0 |
| Laser power (W) | 1800 | 1800 |
| Laser focal length/spot (mm) | 5 | 5 |
| Linear velocity (mm/min) | 600 | 600 |
| Pitch (mm) | 2.5 | 2.5 |
| Powder feeding rotating speed (r/min) | 3.0 | 3.0 |
| Powder air flow (L/min) | 6 | 6 |
| Protective gas flow (L/min) | 10.0 | 10.0 |
Specifically, a WC-Ni wear-resistant coating is formed on the surface of 316L stainless steel by adopting the preparation method of the embodiment 1, after cladding is finished, an oxide layer on the surface of the sample coating prepared by the embodiment is cleaned by a steel wire brush, surface burrs are premilled, the surface burrs are cleaned by using a detergent such as absolute ethyl alcohol, and the crack condition of the coating is detected by using a penetration crack test method; selecting a relatively stable area of a cladding layer in the middle of a cladding test piece by adopting linear cutting, cutting a metallographic sample piece with 15mm x10 mm, polishing step by using metallographic sand paper, and finally mechanically polishing to a mirror surface by matching with polishing liquid; after blow-drying, the microstructure is observed by a LEICADM M Leka metallographic microscope, and a metallographic structure diagram in the embodiment is shown in the following figure 3; hardness testing was conducted on the areas coated with WC-Ni wear-resistant coating and the areas not coated with WC-Ni wear-resistant coating respectively using MH-500D microhardness tester, with a load of 300g and a loading time of 15s, and the test results are shown in Table 2 below. Carrying out a friction and wear experiment by using a dry sand/rubber wheel abrasion tester, wherein the test load is 130N, the abrasion rotating speed is 200r/min, and the abrasion stroke is 4300m; the GP-TS2000M/50KN electronic tensile testing machine is used for carrying out coating adhesive force tensile testing, the gauge length is stretched to 2% of deformation, whether the coating is evenly and transversely cracked or not is observed, and the coating is free from falling except the edge.
TABLE 2 microhardness of example 1
As can be seen from table 2, the hardness of the WC-Ni abrasion-resistant coating prepared in this embodiment is higher than that of the non-WC-Ni abrasion-resistant coating region, so it can be seen that the WC-Ni abrasion-resistant coating of the present technical solution can effectively improve the hardness of the substrate.
Metallographic structure analysis: as can be seen from the metallographic structure diagram of FIG. 3, the WC-Ni wear-resistant coating in the embodiment has no pollution at the interface and good bonding condition, and also has a sufficient quantity of tungsten carbide fused, so that the pore defects are improved to a certain extent. Therefore, when the laser cladding is carried out, the laser power of the transition layer and the surface layer is 1800W, and the cladding result is good.
Specifically, concentrated nitric acid is used: the proportion of the concentrated hydrochloric acid is 3:1, the sample of the embodiment 1 is corroded by aqua regia corrosion liquid, and further the cladding bottom, the surface layer combination condition, the shape of a matrix heat affected zone and whether cladding defects exist or not are observed. As a result, as shown in fig. 6, the bonding between the clad bottom layer and the surface layer and the substrate is good, and the WC layer is Xu Kongdong, but the number and distribution of the WC are uniform and compact.
Specifically, the WC-Ni wear-resistant coating prepared in this example was subjected to adhesion test: according to standard test method and definition of the mechanical property test of ASTMA370 steel products, when the gauge length of a standard tensile member is stretched from 60.0mm to 61.2mm under the condition of 2 percent of stress strain, the coating is uniformly and transversely cracked, and the coating is not fallen except the edge, and the test is shown in figure 7.
Specifically, the WC-Ni wear-resistant coating prepared in the embodiment is subjected to wear resistance test: dry abrasion test according to standard test method of abrasion by dry sand/rubber wheel device of astm g65, using dry grinding wheel abrasion tester, setting rotation speed 6000 rotation, abrasion length 4300m, applying load 135N, dry sand flowing sand speed 330g/min, and making two weeks dry grinding wheel abrasion test, wherein the result is shown in figure 8, and the abrasion performance meets standard requirement.
Specifically, the WC-Ni abrasion resistant coating prepared in this example was subjected to wet abrasion resistance test: wet abrasion test according to astm b611 standard test method for determining high stress abrasion resistance of hard materials, using a rubber rotary drum type abrasion machine, the rotating wheel rotation speed is 1000 revolutions, the applied force is 200N, and the sliding distance is 500m. As a result, as shown in FIG. 9, the volume loss was 76.83mm 3, and the volume loss was not more than 500mm 3, which meets the standard requirements.
Specifically, crack test is performed on the WC-Ni wear-resistant coating prepared in the embodiment: the crack test adopts a penetration crack test method, a coating with the length of 25.4mm is clad on a cylindrical piece, the crack condition of the coating is observed by using penetrating agent dyeing, the penetration time is 10 minutes, the result is shown in figure 10, no crack is generated, and the test requirements that the number of cracks in one inch is not more than 7 and no penetration exists are met as can be seen from figure 10.
Comparative example 1
The raw materials and the preparation method of the WC-Ni abrasion-resistant coating on the surface of the 316L stainless steel in this comparative example were basically the same as those in example 1, except that the laser power of the surface layer in this comparative example at the time of laser cladding was 2200W.
Comparative example 2
The raw materials and preparation method of the WC-Ni abrasion-resistant coating on the surface of the 316L stainless steel in this comparative example were basically the same as those in example 1, except that the laser power of the surface layer in this comparative example at the time of laser cladding was 2000W.
Specifically, by adopting the method, the metallographic structures of the samples of the comparative example 1 and the comparative example 2 are observed, the metallographic structure diagram of the comparative example 1 is shown in the following figure 4, the metallographic structure diagram of the comparative example 2 is shown in the following figure 5, and as can be seen from the figures 4 and 5, when the laser power during laser cladding is 2200W, the obtained WC-Ni wear-resistant coating has no pollution at the interface and good interlayer bonding, but the figure 4 shows that the quantity of WC on laser cladding in the process is less and a plurality of pore and micropore defects exist; as can be seen from FIG. 5, at a laser power of 2000W, the WC content of the obtained WC-Ni abrasion-resistant coating was greater than that of comparative example 1, but still insufficient, slight contamination of the coating interface was observed, and some Xu Kongxi defects were present.
Therefore, by comparing metallographic results, when the technical scheme is used for laser cladding, the laser power of the transition layer and the surface layer is 1800W, and the cladding result is excellent. Using concentrated nitric acid: the sample of the example 1 is corroded by aqua regia corrosive solution with the concentrated hydrochloric acid ratio of 3:1, and the combination condition of the cladding transition layer and the surface layer, the shape of a matrix heat affected zone and whether cladding defects exist are further observed, and as a result, as shown in a graph 6, it can be seen from the graph 6 that the cladding transition layer and the surface layer are well combined with the matrix, and the surface layer has Xu Kongdong, but the quantity and the distribution of WC are uniform and compact.
And compared with a metallographic result, when laser cladding is carried out, the laser power of the transition layer and the surface layer is 1800W, and the obtained cladding result is excellent.
The technical principle of the present invention is described above in connection with the specific embodiments. The description is made for the purpose of illustrating the general principles of the invention and should not be taken in any way as limiting the scope of the invention. Other embodiments of the invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of this specification without undue burden.
Claims (8)
1. The WC-Ni wear-resistant coating on the surface of the 316L stainless steel is characterized by comprising a base material and a WC-Ni wear-resistant coating on the surface of the base material, wherein the WC-Ni wear-resistant coating comprises a surface layer and a transition layer which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom;
The surface layer is formed by adopting WC powder for laser cladding, and the transition layer is formed by adopting Ni625 powder for laser cladding;
The WC powder comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: 2 to 3%C percent, 0.75 to 0.95 percent of Si, 0.3 to 0.45 percent of B, 7.5 to 8.5 percent of Cu, 54.8 to 59.5 percent of W and the balance of Ni;
The Ni625 powder comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: 0 to 0.02 percent of C, 19 to 23 percent of Cr, 0.3 to 0.5 percent of Si, 7 to 10 percent of Mo, 0.2 to 0.5 percent of Mg, 0.2 to 0.5 percent of Fe, 2 to 4 percent of Nb and the balance of Ni.
2. The WC-Ni wear-resistant coating for 316L stainless steel surface according to claim 1, wherein the WC powder has the chemical composition in mass percent: 2.38% C, 0.85% Si, 0.39% B, 8.18% Cu, 57.75% W, the balance Ni.
3. The WC-Ni wear-resistant coating for 316L stainless steel surface according to claim 1, wherein the Ni625 powder has the chemical composition, in mass percentage: 0.01% C, 21% Cr, 0.42% Si, 8.8% Mo, 0.38% Mg, 0.39% Fe, 3.48% Nb, and the balance Ni.
4. The WC-Ni wear resistant coating of 316L stainless steel surface according to claim 1 wherein the Ni625 powder has a particle size of 53-150 μm; the particle size of the WC powder is 40-150 mu m.
5. The 316L stainless steel surface WC-Ni wear resistant coating according to claim 1 wherein said facing layer is provided with multiple layers.
6. The WC-Ni wear-resistant coating for 316L stainless steel according to claim 1, wherein the substrate is made of 316L stainless steel.
7. A method for preparing a WC-Ni abrasion resistant coating on a 316L stainless steel surface, which is characterized by comprising the steps of:
(1) Pretreating a substrate;
(2) Carrying out laser cladding on the surface of the substrate by using Ni625 powder to obtain a transition layer; the laser power for laser cladding is 1800W;
(3) Carrying out laser cladding on the surface of the transition layer by using WC powder, and forming a surface layer on the surface of the transition layer to obtain a WC-Ni wear-resistant coating; the laser power for laser cladding was 1800W.
8. The method for producing a WC-Ni abrasion resistant coating on a 316L stainless steel surface according to claim 7 wherein in step (2), the process parameters for performing the laser cladding are: the laser power is 1800W, the powder feeding amount is 12.5g/min, the lap joint rate is 50%, the powder feeding air flow is 6L/min, and the protection air flow is 10L/min;
In the step (3), the technological parameters for performing laser cladding are as follows: the laser power is 1800W, the powder feeding amount is 17.0g/min, the lap joint rate is 50%, the powder feeding air flow is 6L/min, and the protection air flow is 10L/min.
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