CN111560611A - Method for preparing transition layer of nickel-based coating on titanium alloy surface by laser cladding - Google Patents
Method for preparing transition layer of nickel-based coating on titanium alloy surface by laser cladding Download PDFInfo
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- CN111560611A CN111560611A CN202010377364.7A CN202010377364A CN111560611A CN 111560611 A CN111560611 A CN 111560611A CN 202010377364 A CN202010377364 A CN 202010377364A CN 111560611 A CN111560611 A CN 111560611A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
- C23C24/08—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat
- C23C24/10—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat with intermediate formation of a liquid phase in the layer
- C23C24/103—Coating with metallic material, i.e. metals or metal alloys, optionally comprising hard particles, e.g. oxides, carbides or nitrides
- C23C24/106—Coating with metal alloys or metal elements only
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for preparing a transition layer on the surface of a titanium alloy by laser cladding, namely, the transition layer is prepared on the surface of the titanium alloy in advance, the problem of cracks generated in the preparation of a nickel-based coating on the surface of the titanium alloy by direct laser cladding is solved, and the method specifically comprises the following steps: preparing a first layer with a metal Nb layer as a transition layer on the surface of the titanium alloy substrate by laser cladding, then preparing a second layer with a metal Co layer as a transition layer by laser cladding, and finally preparing the wear-resistant and corrosion-resistant nickel-based alloy working layer by laser cladding. The nickel-based wear-resistant corrosion-resistant coating on the surface of the titanium alloy prepared by the method has compact structure and no defects of cracks, inclusions and the like, and the interface of the cladding layer and the titanium alloy matrix forms good metallurgical bonding. The bimetal transition layer can effectively solve the problem of coating cracking caused by brittle phase precipitation in an interface fusion area of a titanium alloy matrix and the nickel-based wear-resistant corrosion-resistant coating.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of laser cladding layers, in particular to a method for preparing a transition layer of a nickel-based coating on a titanium alloy surface by laser cladding.
Background
The titanium alloy has the advantages of low density, high specific strength, excellent corrosion resistance and the like, and is widely applied to the fields of aerospace, chemical industry, medical engineering and the like. However, titanium alloy has certain disadvantages, such as poor high temperature thermal stability, and generally at 500 ℃ to 800 ℃, embrittlement and scale peeling occur on the surface of the alloy seriously, and the mechanical property is reduced remarkably, which limits the use of the titanium alloy at high temperature. In addition, the titanium alloy has the characteristics of large friction coefficient, easy adhesion, difficult lubrication and the like, has serious adhesion abrasion and fretting abrasion tendency, and limits the use of the titanium alloy as a moving part of a friction pair.
The laser cladding technology utilizes high-energy and high-density laser beams to simultaneously melt metal powder and the surface layer of a base material, so that the effect of metallurgical bonding between a coating and the base material is achieved, and meanwhile, a surface strengthening cladding layer with the structure and the performance completely different from those of the base material is obtained on the surface of a matrix, and the laser cladding technology is widely applied to the modification of the surface of a part. The nickel-based alloy has good properties such as high hardness, good wear resistance, excellent corrosion resistance and oxidation resistance, and the like, so that the preparation of the nickel-based wear-resistant corrosion-resistant coating on the surface of the titanium alloy by laser cladding is an effective method for solving the problems.
However, there are certain technical problems in the laser cladding method, such as that the titanium alloy and the nickel-based alloy are prone to generate intermetallic compound brittle phases, and the transition region between the nickel-based wear-resistant corrosion-resistant coating and the titanium alloy substrate is prone to generate cracks, so that the coating is cracked, and the wear resistance and corrosion resistance of the coating are seriously affected. At present, aiming at preparing a nickel-based wear-resistant corrosion-resistant coating on the surface of a titanium alloy by laser cladding, various crack control methods are proposed, which mainly comprise the measures of optimizing laser cladding process parameters, adjusting alloy components of a wear-resistant layer, preheating and slowly cooling a titanium alloy matrix in the cladding process, introducing ultrasonic vibration, magnetic field stirring and other measures to refine grains and reduce stress and the like; however, the methods can not effectively solve the problem of brittle phase precipitation in the interface fusion area of the titanium alloy matrix and the nickel-based wear-resistant corrosion-resistant coating, and the cracking problem of the laser cladding nickel-based wear-resistant corrosion-resistant coating on the titanium alloy surface is difficult to completely inhibit.
At present, there is a patent that a transition layer with the same composition as a matrix is prepared on the surface of a titanium alloy through surface nanocrystallization, and then a composite hardened layer is prepared through explosive spraying, for example, a patent of composite hardened layer of a high-bearing titanium alloy surface and a preparation method (patent publication No. CN107964644), but the combination of a coating and the transition layer existing in explosive spraying is not complete metallurgical combination, and the interface combination strength of the coating and the transition layer is lower. The patent CN1600891 discloses a method for preparing a coating on the surface of a titanium alloy, which adopts a powder laying mode and utilizes laser beams to irradiate the surface of mixed nickel-based self-fluxing powder and ceramic powder, but the method has higher limits on the thickness and uniformity of the coating, is suitable for single-pass cladding, and still has the problem of cracking caused by interface brittle phases for large-area cladding. The patent CN105063613 discloses a method for preparing a wear-resistant nickel-based coating on the surface of a titanium alloy by laser, which adopts a mode that laser cladding points are distributed on the surface of the titanium alloy in a lattice manner, can obviously reduce a heat affected zone, but only reduces the tensile stress in the laser melting process from the process, reduces the cracking tendency of the coating, but the fusion zone of a substrate and the coating interface still has a brittle phase, and the method has slightly complicated operation and lower powder utilization rate.
How to effectively solve the problem of coating cracking caused by brittle phase in a fusion zone of a substrate and a coating interface, so that the nickel-based wear-resistant corrosion-resistant coating is prepared on the surface of the titanium alloy by laser cladding, and the problem to be solved in the practical application of the titanium alloy is urgent.
Therefore, those skilled in the art are devoted to developing a method for preparing the transition layer on the surface of the titanium alloy by laser cladding.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above defects of the prior art, the technical problem to be solved by the invention is to solve the interface bonding problem of the titanium alloy substrate and the nickel-based wear-resistant corrosion-resistant coating.
In order to realize the purpose, the invention provides a method for preparing a transition layer on the surface of a titanium alloy by laser cladding.
The invention provides the following scheme: the method comprises the steps of laser cladding two metal transition layers on the surface of a titanium alloy substrate, and then laser cladding the nickel-based wear-resistant corrosion-resistant coating, so as to inhibit the crack problem of the laser cladding nickel-based wear-resistant corrosion-resistant coating on the surface of the titanium alloy substrate. Firstly, laser cladding a first transition layer and a metal niobium (Nb) layer on the surface of the titanium-based alloy, wherein the niobium and titanium have similar physical and chemical properties and good compatibility, and cracks can be inhibited from being generated in a fusion area between a titanium-based alloy matrix and the laser cladding transition layer; then, a second transition layer and a metal cobalt (Co) layer continue to be laser-cladded on the first transition layer, and because the first transition layer niobium and the second transition layer cobalt have a wide homogeneous phase region, cracks can be inhibited from being generated in the titanium-based alloy matrix laser-cladded transition layer; and finally, the nickel-based wear-resistant corrosion-resistant working layer is laser-clad on the second transition layer metal cobalt layer, and due to the infinite mutual solubility of the cobalt and nickel binary alloys, a continuous solid solution can be generated, and a brittle compound cannot be formed on an interface to influence the bonding strength, so that the problem of cracking of the titanium alloy surface modified high-hardness nickel-based working layer can be effectively solved.
Specifically, the method for preparing the transition layer of the nickel-based coating on the surface of the titanium alloy by laser cladding comprises the following steps:
1) laser cladding a first transition layer metal Nb layer on the surface of the titanium alloy substrate;
2) laser cladding a second transition layer metal Co layer on the first transition layer metal Nb layer;
3) and a nickel-based wear-resistant corrosion-resistant layer is cladded on the second transition layer metal Co layer through laser.
Further, the thickness of the cladding layer of the first transition layer metal Nb layer is 0.1mm-1.5 mm.
Furthermore, the grain diameter of the metal Nb powder used for the first transition layer metal Nb layer is 53-150 μm.
Further, the thickness of the cladding layer of the second transition layer metal Co layer is 0.1mm-0.5 mm.
Furthermore, the grain diameter of the metal Co powder used by the second transition layer metal Co layer is 53-150 μm.
Furthermore, the nickel-based wear-resistant and corrosion-resistant layer is made of nickel-based spherical metal powder with the particle size of 53-150 microns.
Further, the laser adopted for the laser cladding of the steps 1), 2) and 3) is an optical fiber, a semiconductor or CO2And (4) laser.
Further, the laser cladding process of the steps 1), 2) and 3) is carried out under the protection of argon.
Further, the metal powder feeding mode of the steps 1), 2) and 3) is a coaxial powder feeding mode.
The invention also provides a titanium alloy surface laser cladding nickel-based wear-resistant corrosion-resistant coating prepared by any one of the methods, and a double-metal layer is used for transition between the titanium alloy substrate and the nickel-based wear-resistant corrosion-resistant coating, wherein the metal Nb layer connected with the titanium alloy substrate is a first layer, and the metal Co layer connected with the nickel-based wear-resistant corrosion-resistant coating is a second layer.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the niobium-cobalt bimetal transition layer can effectively solve the problem of interface cracking caused by a brittle intermetallic compound phase in the Ti-Ni fusion process, meanwhile, the toughness of a matrix can be improved by solid solution of Nb in Ti, and the strength and the corrosion resistance of the coating can be improved by solid solution of Co in a nickel-based coating.
(2) The niobium-cobalt bimetal transition layer and the nickel-based coating form a gradient structure, the trend of mechanical property sudden change from a substrate to the nickel-based coating is weakened, meanwhile, the metal niobium and cobalt have good plasticity, the stress concentration degree of an interface bonding area is obviously reduced, the crack initiation is inhibited, and the service time of the nickel-based coating can be prolonged.
(3) The problem of laser cladding cracking of the nickel-based coating on the surface of the titanium alloy is solved through the niobium-cobalt bimetal transition layer on the metallurgical principle, the process window of laser cladding of the nickel-based coating is enlarged, and the operability is higher.
(4) The thickness of the transition layer and the nickel-based coating can be accurately controlled in a coaxial powder feeding mode, the nickel-based coating with compact tissue and no defects such as cracks, air holes and the like is obtained, the nickel-based coating with proper thickness can be selected according to the service conditions of the component, and the coating thickness range is 0.2mm-2 mm.
(5) The method is not limited by the shape and size of the component, has higher efficiency and low cost, and develops a new process method for preparing the nickel-based wear-resistant and corrosion-resistant coating on the surface of the titanium alloy.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of the process of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a laser cladding topography of a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a microstructure of a nickel-based coating according to a preferred embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 4 is a microstructure of the interface region of the nickel-based coating/metallic Co layer and the metallic Co layer/metallic Nb layer of a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a microstructure of the interface region of a metallic Co layer/titanium alloy substrate according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a graph of hardness for a laser clad sample according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical contents of the preferred embodiments of the present invention will be more clearly and easily understood by referring to the drawings attached to the specification. The present invention may be embodied in many different forms of embodiments and the scope of the invention is not limited to the embodiments set forth herein.
Example one
Selecting a substrate of TA15 titanium alloy, wherein the size of the substrate is 100mm × 100mm × 10mm, the surface of the substrate is cleaned by acetone before laser cladding, the particle diameters of powders of transition layer metal Nb and metal Co are 53-150 mu m, the nickel-based wear-resistant corrosion-resistant layer is Ni60 spherical metal powder, the particle diameter is 53-150 mu m, an 8kW high-power semiconductor laser cladding system (LaserlineLDF-8000) is selected, and the laser cladding parameters are as follows, namely the diameter of a light spot is as follows
The scanning speed is 9mm/s, the laser power is 2.1kW, the powder feeding speed is about 8g/min,the lapping rate was 40%. The laser cladding process is carried out under the protection of argon. The powder feeding mode of the metal Nb, the metal Co and the Ni60 spherical metal powder of the transition layer in the laser cladding process adopts a coaxial powder feeding mode to accurately control the thickness of the transition layer and the nickel-based coating so as to obtain the nickel-based coating with compact structure and no defects of cracks, air holes and the like. The thickness of the metal Nb layer is 0.1mm, the thickness of the metal Co layer is 0.5mm, the thickness of the nickel-based wear-resistant corrosion-resistant coating is 0.3mm, and the nickel-based wear-resistant coating is slowly cooled to room temperature after cladding.
Example two
Selecting a substrate of TA15 titanium alloy, wherein the size of the substrate is 100mm × 100mm × 10mm, the surface of the substrate is cleaned by acetone before laser cladding, the particle diameters of powders of transition layer metal Nb and metal Co are 53-150 mu m, the nickel-based wear-resistant corrosion-resistant layer is Ni50 spherical metal powder, the particle diameter is 53-150 mu m, an 8kW high-power semiconductor laser cladding system (LaserlineLDF-8000) is selected, and the laser cladding parameters are as follows, namely the diameter of a light spot is as follows
The scanning speed is 9mm/s, the laser power is 2.1kW, the powder feeding speed is about 8g/min, and the lapping rate is 40%. The laser cladding process is carried out under the protection of argon. The powder feeding mode of the metal Nb, the metal Co and the Ni50 spherical metal powder of the transition layer in the laser cladding process adopts a coaxial powder feeding mode to accurately control the thickness of the transition layer and the nickel-based coating so as to obtain the nickel-based coating with compact structure and no defects of cracks, air holes and the like. The thickness of the metal Nb layer is 0.5mm, the thickness of the metal Co layer is 0.5mm, the thickness of the nickel-based wear-resistant corrosion-resistant coating is 0.5mm, and the nickel-based wear-resistant coating is slowly cooled to room temperature after cladding.
EXAMPLE III
The substrate is selected to be TA15 titanium alloy. The substrate is cylindrical, the diameter of the substrate is 100mm, and the surface of the substrate is cleaned by acetone before laser cladding. The grain diameters of the powders of the transition layer metal Nb and the metal Co are 53-150 mu m, and the Ni60 spherical metal powder is selected as the nickel-based wear-resistant corrosion-resistant layer, and the grain diameter is 53-150 mu m. An 8kW high-power semiconductor laser cladding system (LaserlineLDF-8000) is selected, and the laser cladding parameters are as follows: spot diameter
The scanning speed is 9mm/s, the laser power is 2.1kW, the powder feeding speed is about 8g/min, and the lapping rate is 40%. The laser cladding process is carried out under the protection of argon. The powder feeding mode of the metal Nb, the metal Co and the Ni60 spherical metal powder of the transition layer in the laser cladding process adopts a coaxial powder feeding mode to accurately control the thickness of the transition layer and the nickel-based coating so as to obtain the nickel-based coating with compact structure and no defects of cracks, air holes and the like. The thickness of the metal Nb layer is 0.5mm, the thickness of the metal Co layer is 0.1mm, the thickness of the nickel-based wear-resistant corrosion-resistant coating is 1.2mm, and the nickel-based wear-resistant coating is slowly cooled to room temperature after cladding.
Example four
The selected base material is TC4 titanium alloy. The substrate is in an irregular arc-shaped curved surface shape, and the surface of the substrate is cleaned by acetone before laser cladding. The grain diameters of the powders of the transition layer metal Nb and the metal Co are 53-150 mu m, and the Ni60 spherical metal powder is selected as the nickel-based wear-resistant corrosion-resistant layer, and the grain diameter is 53-150 mu m. An 8kW high-power semiconductor laser cladding system (laser LDF-8000) is selected, and the laser cladding parameters are as follows: spot diameter
The scanning speed is 9mm/s, the laser power is 2.1kW, the powder feeding speed is about 8g/min, and the lapping rate is 40%. The laser cladding process is carried out under the protection of argon. The powder feeding mode of the metal Nb, the metal Co and the Ni60 spherical metal powder of the transition layer in the laser cladding process adopts a coaxial powder feeding mode to accurately control the thickness of the transition layer and the nickel-based coating so as to obtain the nickel-based coating with compact structure and no defects of cracks, air holes and the like. The thickness of the metal Nb layer is 1.0mm, the thickness of the metal Co layer is 0.3mm, the thickness of the nickel-based wear-resistant corrosion-resistant coating is 0.8mm, and the nickel-based wear-resistant coating is slowly cooled to room temperature after cladding.
EXAMPLE five
Selecting a base material of TC4 titanium alloy, wherein the size of the base material is 100mm × 100mm × 10mm, the surface of the base material is cleaned by acetone before laser cladding, the particle diameters of powders of transition layer metal Nb and metal Co are 53 mu m-150 mu m, the nickel-based wear-resistant corrosion-resistant layer is Ni60 spherical metal powder, the particle diameter is 53 mu m-150 mu m, an 8kW high-power semiconductor laser cladding system (LaserlineLDF-8000) is selected, and laser cladding is performedThe overlay parameters are as follows: spot diameter
The scanning speed is 9mm/s, the laser power is 2.1kW, the powder feeding speed is about 8g/min, and the lapping rate is 40%. The laser cladding process is carried out under the protection of argon. The powder feeding mode of the metal Nb, the metal Co and the Ni60 spherical metal powder of the transition layer in the laser cladding process adopts a coaxial powder feeding mode to accurately control the thickness of the transition layer and the nickel-based coating so as to obtain the nickel-based coating with compact structure and no defects of cracks, air holes and the like. The thickness of the metal Nb layer is 1.5mm, the thickness of the metal Co layer is 0.4mm, the thickness of the nickel-based wear-resistant corrosion-resistant coating is 0.6mm, and the nickel-based wear-resistant coating is slowly cooled to room temperature after cladding.
As shown in figure 1, the product prepared by the method of the invention is composed of a four-layer structure, namely, a titanium alloy substrate is sequentially clad with a metal Nb layer and a metal Co layer, and finally, a nickel-based coating is clad. For the products produced by examples one to five, the applicant sampled the tests and the results are shown in fig. 2-6. The laser cladding topography of fig. 2 shows that the interface between the nickel-based coating and the transition layer is obvious, the metallurgical bonding is good, and the laser cladding sample has no cracks. As can be seen from the microstructure diagram of the nickel-based coating in FIG. 3, the nickel-based coating has compact structure and no defects such as cracks, pores and the like, and dendritic structures and dispersed precipitated phase particles are arranged in the coating. From the microstructure diagram of fig. 4 it can be seen that no significant brittle phases are present at the interface regions of the nickel-based coating/Co layer and the Co layer/Nb layer. Figure 5 shows that the interfacial region of the titanium alloy matrix and the Co layer is metallurgically well bonded, with no apparent brittle phase present. The test results of fig. 6 show that the average hardness of the laser cladding nickel-based coating can reach 750HV0.5, which is 2.3 times higher than that of the TA15 matrix (330HV 0.5).
The foregoing detailed description of the preferred embodiments of the invention has been presented. It should be understood that numerous modifications and variations could be devised by those skilled in the art in light of the present teachings without departing from the inventive concepts. Therefore, the technical solutions available to those skilled in the art through logic analysis, reasoning and limited experiments based on the prior art according to the concept of the present invention should be within the scope of protection defined by the claims.
Claims (10)
1. The method for preparing the transition layer of the nickel-based coating on the surface of the titanium alloy by laser cladding is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
1) laser cladding a first transition layer metal Nb layer on the surface of the titanium alloy substrate;
2) laser cladding a second transition layer metal Co layer on the first transition layer metal Nb layer;
3) and a nickel-based wear-resistant corrosion-resistant layer is cladded on the second transition layer metal Co layer through laser.
2. The method for preparing the transition layer of the nickel-based coating on the titanium alloy surface by laser cladding according to claim 1, wherein the cladding layer thickness of the first transition layer metal Nb layer is 0.1mm-1.5 mm.
3. The method for preparing the transition layer of the nickel-based coating on the titanium alloy surface by laser cladding according to claim 1, wherein the grain size of the Nb powder used for the first transition layer Nb layer is 53-150 μm.
4. The method for preparing the transition layer of the nickel-based coating on the titanium alloy surface by laser cladding, according to claim 1, wherein the cladding layer thickness of the second transition layer metal Co layer is 0.1mm-0.5 mm.
5. The method for preparing the transition layer of the nickel-based coating on the titanium alloy surface by laser cladding according to claim 1, wherein the metal Co powder used for the second transition layer metal Co layer has a particle size of 53 μm-150 μm.
6. The method for preparing the transition layer of the nickel-based coating by laser cladding on the surface of the titanium alloy as claimed in claim 1, wherein the nickel-based wear-resistant and corrosion-resistant layer is nickel-based spherical metal powder with a particle size of 53 μm-150 μm.
7. The method for preparing the transition layer of the nickel-based coating on the titanium alloy surface by laser cladding according to claim 1, wherein the laser adopted in the laser cladding of the steps 1), 2) and 3) is an optical fiber, a semiconductor or CO2And (4) laser.
8. The method for preparing the transition layer of the nickel-based coating on the titanium alloy surface by laser cladding according to claim 1, wherein the laser cladding processes of the steps 1), 2) and 3) are performed under the protection of argon.
9. The method for preparing the transition layer on the titanium alloy surface by laser cladding as claimed in claim 1, wherein the metal powder feeding manner of the steps 1), 2) and 3) is a coaxial powder feeding manner.
10. The laser cladding nickel-based wear and corrosion resistant coating on the surface of the titanium alloy prepared according to the claims 1 to 9, characterized in that a double-metal layer transition is used between the titanium alloy substrate and the nickel-based wear and corrosion resistant coating, wherein the metal Nb layer connecting the titanium alloy substrate is a first layer, and the metal Co layer connecting the nickel-based wear and corrosion resistant coating is a second layer.
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| CN115821188A (en) * | 2022-12-21 | 2023-03-21 | 重庆宗申发动机制造有限公司 | Titanium alloy with coating and preparation method thereof |
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