CN111172525A - Method for connecting heterogeneous materials by cold spraying - Google Patents
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
- C23C24/02—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of pressure only
- C23C24/04—Impact or kinetic deposition of particles
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- Materials Engineering (AREA)
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- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)
- Coating By Spraying Or Casting (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the field of dissimilar material connection, and discloses a method for connecting dissimilar materials by cold spraying, wherein metal powder is sprayed on butt joints of different base materials by cold spraying, a metal coating with the thickness of more than 500 mu m is formed at the butt joints, and the bonding strength between different matrixes is 20-40 MPa; the substrate is a metal substrate, a ceramic substrate or a polymer substrate. The invention adopts the cold spraying process to heat the metal powder to an unmelted state, and the metal powder is sprayed on the joint of the heterogeneous materials, thereby overcoming the damage of high-temperature welding on the materials and forming the connecting coating with high bonding strength. The method has the advantages of economy, environmental protection, high bonding strength of joints, excellent performance, suitability for industrialization and the like, and has wide application prospect in the fields of electronics, petrochemical industry and ship engineering.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of dissimilar material connection, in particular to a method for connecting dissimilar materials by cold spraying.
Background
Different materials have different performance advantages, and ceramic materials have excellent performances of high temperature resistance, high strength, high hardness, wear resistance, oxidation resistance, corrosion resistance and the like, are widely applied to the fields of aerospace, power electronics, energy traffic and the like, and become indispensable supporting materials in the development of economy and national defense. However, the ceramic has poor processability due to the brittleness, and is difficult to be made into a member with large size and complex shape, thereby limiting further application and development. The polymer material has excellent properties such as strong processing toughness, corrosion resistance, good weather resistance and the like, is widely applied in various fields, but has weak conductivity, and limits the development of the polymer material to a certain extent. The inverse metal material has excellent room temperature strength, ductility, electric conductivity and thermal conductivity, and any two different types of materials have an obvious complementary relationship. Therefore, by combining different materials, the excellent performances of the materials can be fully utilized to manufacture the complex component meeting the requirements, the cost can be reduced, and the method has important significance for the application and development of various materials.
The problem of direct connection between ceramics and metals is mainly shown in the following aspects: (1) the ceramic and metal bond types are different, and good metallurgical connection is difficult to realize; (2) the difference of the thermal expansion coefficients of the ceramic and the metal is large, and the connecting joint is easy to generate larger residual stress, so that the strength of the joint is low; (3) the ceramic surface has poor wettability, and the connection process is difficult to determine. At present, many researches on the connection method of ceramic and metal are carried out, including mechanical connection, adhesive connection, soldering connection, solid-phase diffusion connection, instantaneous liquid-phase connection, fusion welding, self-propagating high-temperature synthesis connection, friction welding, microwave connection, ultrasonic connection and the like.
Due to the difference of the properties of the ceramic and the organic polymer, the connection of dissimilar materials in metal, ceramic and the organic polymer is difficult to realize by the traditional welding technology. The ceramic has small linear expansion coefficient and larger brittleness; the linear expansion coefficient of metal is relatively large, so that the joint is easy to crack; the organic polymer has a low melting point and is difficult to withstand the high temperature of the welding process.
Patent publication No. CN109940235A discloses a method for welding metal and ceramic, which improves the solderability of brazing by pre-plating metal on the surface of the ceramic, and although this solution indirectly enables the metal and ceramic to be welded together, the thickness and quality of the intermediate metal plating layer seriously affect the subsequent welding process, and the control of temperature in the post-welding treatment is very strict, and the welding assembly is cooled according to six gradients.
The patent with publication number CN110102925A discloses a metal and polymer welding device and a welding method, in which a precise temperature control method is adopted to heat and pressure weld polymers, and the welding method needs to design a special operating platform, the welding size is limited, the polymers are seriously damaged, and only polymer materials with low melting index are used.
In order to realize the connection of different materials, the development of a high-efficiency, high-performance, economical and environment-friendly material connection technology is needed. Meanwhile, the connection technology between metals is mature, but the defects of the welding process are obvious, such as splashing, air holes, slag inclusion, incomplete fusion, incomplete penetration, cracks and the like. The porosity and crack defects cause a significant reduction in weld strength, and thus higher welding experience and techniques are required to improve weld quality. Cold spraying has attracted the attention of researchers because of its advantages of low temperature operation and high strength bonding.
Cold spraying is a novel thermal spray forming technology based on aerodynamics, and compared with the thermal spray technology of a traditional high-temperature heat source, the technology has the following obvious advantages: the spraying efficiency and the deposition efficiency are high, and the method is suitable for mass production; the chemical components of the coating are consistent with the raw materials of the powder, so that the defects of oxidation, burning loss and the like do not exist, and the weldability of the coating is ensured; the ceramic material has small heat influence on a substrate, is suitable for deposition on the surface of low-melting-point materials such as high polymers and the like, and is also suitable for supercooling cracking ceramic materials at high temperature. During the spraying process, the powder particles are heated at a low temperature and still keep solid, and the solid particles realize deposition on the surface through mechanical processes such as plastic rheology caused by 'adiabatic shear instability' or violent plastic deformation under the conditions of extremely high stress, strain and strain rate. Therefore, the cold spraying coating has fewer defects, no residual thermal stress and residual compressive stress, and the cold spraying technology has incomparable advantages compared with thermal spraying in the aspect of preparing thicker coatings. This advantage results from the bonding mechanism of the cold spray coating.
Cold spraying differs from conventional thermal spraying, which has been heated to a molten state prior to bonding with the substrate in a manner that tends to metallurgically bond, in that the particles are heated to a different heated state prior to striking the substrate, which causes the particles to bond with the substrate; the bonding of the particles and the substrate in the cold spraying process mainly comprises mechanical occlusion, physical bonding, metallurgical bonding and chemical bonding, and the bonding modes are proposed based on the adiabatic shear instability theory.
Cold spraying has the advantage of replacing welding in dissimilar material joints, a wide selection of substrates, and CN101797669A discloses a system and method for joining metal parts using cold spraying techniques to join two or more parts together by cold spraying, but this patent has been primarily directed to joining metal to metal parts, but does not address joining of dissimilar materials, particularly between metal and non-metal materials. However, in the operation process, different process parameters need to be selected according to the difference of different base materials, so as to achieve the optimal connection effect.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to realize the connection between heterogeneous materials through a cold spraying process, avoid the damage and limitation of high temperature of a welding technology to the materials in the prior art, and is simple to operate, adjustable in thickness of a connection part, less in process flow and suitable for industrial application.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a method for connecting heterogeneous materials by cold spraying is characterized in that metal powder is sprayed on the butt joint of different base materials by cold spraying to form a metal coating with the thickness of more than 500 mu m on the butt joint, and the bonding strength between matrixes is 20-40 MPa; the substrate is a metal substrate, a ceramic substrate or a polymer substrate.
The dissimilar materials are connected by a cold spraying mode, so that the defects of large heat affected zone, poor coating quality and large residual stress of the traditional hot spraying process are overcome, and the problems of complicated process and harsh conditions of an indirect welding method are avoided. The invention adopts cold spraying to accelerate particles, deposits the particles on the surfaces of metal, ceramic and organic polymer matrixes at proper speed and temperature, and can ensure the high-strength combination of the metal coating and the metal matrixes, the ceramic matrixes or the polymer matrixes while keeping the good quality of the coating.
The cold spraying method is used for connecting dissimilar materials, the selection range of the matrix is wide, and the method can be used for connecting metal/metal, ceramic/ceramic and polymer/polymer, and can also be used for connecting metal/ceramic, metal/polymer and ceramic/polymer.
The technological parameters of the cold spraying are as follows: the main gas pressure is 1.3-4 MPa, the powder feeding pressure is 1.8-4.5 MPa, the main gas temperature is 100-550 ℃, the spraying powder flow is 30-80 g/min, the spraying distance is 25-40 mm, and the moving speed of the spray gun is 15-50 mm/s. The spraying process may spray the coating multiple times, preferably more than 3 times.
The metal powder is any one or a mixture of aluminum powder, copper powder and tin powder.
Preferably, the metal powder is spherical powder with the diameter of 30-50 μm, and the mass percentage of the metal in the metal powder is more than 99.5%. The spherical powder has the advantages of small friction coefficient, good fluidity and isotropy, high filling density, uniform stress strain and the like, and a coating formed at a joint by spraying has more uniform pores, small stress concentration and higher bonding strength with a matrix.
The method has wide selection range of the substrate, and the metal substrate comprises any one of aluminum, aluminum alloy, 304/316 stainless steel, carbon steel, copper, brass, magnesium alloy and titanium alloy; aluminum and aluminum alloy have many applications in aerospace parts due to low density, 304 stainless steel, copper and brass are applied to gas-liquid pipelines, valves and connecting pipes thereof due to the characteristics of corrosion resistance and wear resistance, the biocompatibility of magnesium alloy and titanium alloy ensures the application value of the magnesium alloy and the titanium alloy in biomedicine, and carbon steel has a large amount of applications in industrial production.
The method has wide selection range of substrates, and the ceramic substrate comprises any one of alumina, zirconia, aluminum nitride, silicon carbide and silicon nitride; alumina and aluminum nitride with excellent heat dissipation performance are applied to electronic components, and zirconia materials have good biocompatibility and are widely applied to false tooth repair. The silicon carbide ceramic has good impact resistance and is applied to the field of bulletproof.
The method has wide selection range of the matrix, and the polymer matrix comprises but is not limited to any one of polyether-ether-ketone, nylon, high-density polyethylene, carbon fiber reinforced polyether-ether-ketone and carbon fiber reinforced epoxy resin; the high polymer materials are thermoplastic and can be coated on the surface of the high polymer materials by cold spraying, and the thermosetting high polymer can not be coated on the surface of the high polymer materials; the carbon fiber reinforced polyether-ether-ketone has good biocompatibility and great application potential in biological macromolecules, the wear resistance of the carbon fiber reinforced polyether-ether-ketone is enhanced, the application field is further expanded, the wear resistance of the nylon is good, the high-density polyethylene is applied to various containers, industrial accessories, medical products, toys, shells and pipelines, and the high-strength carbon fiber reinforced epoxy resin is the first choice of aircraft part materials.
When the heterogeneous materials are connected by cold spraying, the butt joint mode of the base body comprises flat butt joint or inclined butt joint. When the bevel ports are butted, redundant coatings at the interface parts can be removed by a milling cutter.
When the heterogeneous materials are connected by cold spraying, the sprayed metal powder and the base body to be connected can be pretreated.
The pretreatment process of the metal powder comprises the following steps: screening the metal powder raw material by using a 200-300-mesh filter sieve to ensure that the particle size of the metal powder meets the technological requirement of cold spraying, and drying for 1-3 hours at 80-200 ℃.
The pretreatment process of the ceramic matrix comprises the following steps: and (3) placing the ceramic matrix in an organic solvent, ultrasonically cleaning for 3-15 minutes, and drying to obtain the ceramic matrix with a clean surface. The organic solvent used is a common organic solvent, such as ethanol, acetone, etc.
The pretreatment process of the metal matrix comprises the following steps: and (3) after carrying out sand blasting treatment on the surface of the metal matrix, placing the matrix in an organic solvent for ultrasonic cleaning for 3-15 minutes, and drying to obtain the metal matrix with a clean surface. The organic solvent used is as described above. The pretreatment process of the polymer matrix is the same as that of the metal matrix, but the used organic solvent cannot be a good solvent of the polymer matrix.
Preferably, the alumina matrix and the 316 stainless steel matrix, the zirconia matrix and the polyetheretherketone matrix, the aluminum alloy matrix and the carbon fiber reinforced epoxy resin matrix, the titanium alloy matrix and the polyetheretherketone matrix, the brass matrix and the silicon nitride matrix, or the nylon matrix and the silicon carbide matrix are connected by cold spraying.
Preferably, when the alumina substrate and the 316 stainless steel substrate are connected by cold spraying, or when the brass substrate and the silicon nitride substrate are connected, the sprayed metal powder is aluminum powder. Through a plurality of experiments, the inventor finds that the copper powder is unevenly deposited on the ceramic substrate, a compact coating is difficult to form, and the aluminum powder has higher bonding strength compared with the tin powder, so the aluminum powder is selected.
Preferably, when the aluminum alloy matrix and the carbon fiber reinforced epoxy resin matrix are connected by cold spraying, the sprayed metal powder is copper powder. Through a plurality of experiments, the deposition effects of the copper powder, the aluminum powder and the tin powder on the carbon fiber reinforced epoxy resin matrix are similar, but the bonding strength after the copper powder deposition is superior to that of the latter two, so the copper powder is selected.
Preferably, when the zirconia matrix and the polyetheretherketone matrix are connected by cold spraying, the sprayed metal powder is tin powder. Through a plurality of experiments, the inventor finds that the aluminum powder and the copper powder are unevenly deposited on the polyether-ether-ketone substrate, are thin and are not suitable for tensile test, so the tin powder is selected.
The sprayed metal powder is aluminum powder, and the technological parameters of cold spraying are as follows: the main gas pressure is 1.3-2.5 MPa, the powder feeding pressure is 1.8-2.6 MPa, and the main gas temperature is 150-250 ℃;
the sprayed metal powder is copper powder, and the technological parameters of cold spraying are as follows: the main gas pressure is 2-4 MPa, the powder feeding pressure is 2.5-4.5 MPa, and the main gas temperature is 250-550 ℃;
the sprayed metal powder is tin powder, and the technological parameters of cold spraying are as follows: the main gas pressure is 1.3-2.5 MPa, the powder feeding pressure is 1.8-2.6 MPa, and the main gas temperature is 100-150 ℃.
In the practical application process, cold spraying systems with different structures have great influence on the structures, so that two main parameters of the pressure and the temperature of spraying gas need to be regulated and controlled, and the optimal parameters are found to realize the optimization of the deposition efficiency and the deposition quality.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the metal powder is heated to an unmelted state by adopting a cold spraying process and sprayed on the joint of heterogeneous materials, so that the defects of material damage caused by high-temperature welding, particularly oxidation, burning loss and the like in high-temperature melting are overcome, the porosity of the joint is reduced, residual tensile stress is hardly generated, and the formed joint coating has high bonding strength.
(2) The cold spray process has no limitation on the increase in thickness of the sprayed metal bond coat at the bond site as compared to thermal spraying, making secondary machining possible on the bond coat.
(3) Compared with welding, the method has a small heat affected zone on the substrate, is suitable for deposition of metal substrates, is also suitable for surface deposition of ceramic substrates and polymer substrates, and has a wide substrate selection range. The method has the advantages of economy, environmental protection, high bonding strength of joints, excellent performance, suitability for industrialization and the like, and has wide application prospect in the fields of electronics, petrochemical industry and ship engineering.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of flat butt joint of different substrates according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the butt joint of different substrates by using bevel connection in the invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that they can make modifications and equivalents without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and all such modifications and equivalents are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
Metal powders used in the following embodiments: the aluminum powder, the tin powder and the copper powder are all purchased from Changsha metal materials Co., Ltd, the average particle sizes of the powders are 69 mu m, 45 mu m and 52 mu m respectively, and the mass percentage of the metal in the powders is more than 99.7 percent. The substrates are all commercially available.
Example 1
Screening the aluminum powder raw material by using a 200-mesh filter screen to ensure that the particle size of the aluminum powder meets the use requirement of cold spraying, and drying the aluminum powder for 1 hour at 120 ℃ to obtain the cold spraying material.
And (3) carrying out sand blasting treatment on the 316 stainless steel matrix, placing the treated 316 stainless steel matrix and the alumina matrix in acetone for ultrasonic cleaning for 5-10 minutes, and drying to obtain the 316 stainless steel matrix and the alumina matrix with clean surfaces.
The flat-end butt joint is adopted between the matrixes as shown in figure 1, the treated aluminum powder is sprayed on the butt joint of the alumina matrix and the 316 stainless steel matrix by cold spraying, the main gas pressure of the cold spraying is 1.8MPa, the powder feeding pressure is 2MPa, the main gas temperature is 250 ℃, the spraying powder flow is 50g/min, the spraying distance is 35mm, the moving speed of a spray gun is 50mm/s, the spraying times of the coating are 3 times, and an aluminum coating with the thickness of about 900 mu m is formed on the butt joint.
After spraying, according to the national standard of GB/T2651-2008 tensile test method for welded joints, the sprayed tensile sample is subjected to tensile mechanical test in a universal testing machine, and after the 316 matrix and the alumina matrix are connected through a cold spraying process, the connection strength of the two is 38 MPa.
Example 2
Screening the tin powder raw material by using a 300-mesh filter screen to ensure that the particle size of the tin powder meets the requirements of cold spraying, and drying the tin powder for 1 hour at 80 ℃ to obtain the cold spraying material.
And (3) carrying out sand blasting on the polyether-ether-ketone matrix, placing the sand blasted polyether-ether-ketone matrix and the zirconia matrix in acetone for ultrasonic cleaning for 5-10 minutes, and drying to obtain the polyether-ether-ketone matrix and the zirconia matrix with clean surfaces.
Flat-end butt joint is adopted between the matrixes as shown in figure 1, the treated tin powder is sprayed at the butt joint of the polyether-ether-ketone matrix and the zirconia matrix by cold spraying, the main gas pressure of the cold spraying is 1.3MPa, the powder feeding pressure is 1.9MPa, the main gas temperature is 100 ℃, the flow rate of the sprayed powder is 30g/min, the spraying distance is 28mm, the moving speed of a spray gun is 50mm/s, and the spraying times of the coating are 4 times, so that a tin coating with the thickness of about 700 mu m is formed at the butt joint.
After spraying, according to the national standard of GB/T2651-2008 tensile test method for welded joints, the sprayed tensile sample is subjected to tensile mechanical test in a universal testing machine, and after the polyether-ether-ketone matrix and the zirconia matrix are connected by a cold spraying process, the connection strength of the polyether-ether-ketone matrix and the zirconia matrix is 27 MPa.
Example 3
Screening the aluminum powder raw material by using a 200-mesh filter screen to ensure that the particle size of the aluminum powder meets the use requirement of cold spraying, and drying the aluminum powder for 1 hour at 120 ℃ to obtain the cold spraying material.
And (3) carrying out sand blasting on the brass matrix, placing the brass matrix and the silicon nitride matrix in acetone for ultrasonic cleaning for 5-10 minutes, and drying to obtain the brass matrix and the silicon nitride matrix with clean surfaces.
The flat-end butt joint is adopted between the matrixes as shown in figure 1, the treated aluminum powder is sprayed on the butt joint of the brass matrix and the silicon nitride matrix by cold spraying, the main gas pressure of the cold spraying is 2.2MPa, the powder feeding pressure is 2.4MPa, the main gas temperature is 250 ℃, the flow rate of the spraying powder is 60g/min, the spraying distance is 30mm, the moving speed of a spray gun is 30mm/s, and the spraying times of the coating are 3 times, so that an aluminum coating with the thickness of about 1100 mu m is formed on the butt joint.
After spraying, according to the national standard of GB/T2651-2008 tensile test method for welded joints, the sprayed tensile sample is subjected to tensile mechanical test in a universal testing machine, and after the brass matrix and the silicon nitride matrix are connected by a cold spraying process, the connection strength of the brass matrix and the silicon nitride matrix is 25 MPa.
Example 4
Screening the copper powder raw material by using a 300-mesh filter screen to ensure that the particle size of the copper powder meets the use requirement of cold spraying, and drying at 120 ℃ for 1.5 hours to obtain the copper powder serving as the cold spraying material.
And carrying out sand blasting treatment on the aluminum alloy and carbon fiber reinforced epoxy resin matrix, placing the aluminum alloy and carbon fiber reinforced epoxy resin matrix in acetone for ultrasonic cleaning for 5-10 minutes, and drying to obtain the aluminum alloy and carbon fiber reinforced epoxy resin matrix with clean surfaces.
The substrates are butted by adopting an inclined opening as shown in figure 2, the treated copper powder is sprayed at the butted position of the aluminum alloy substrate and the carbon fiber reinforced epoxy resin substrate by adopting cold spraying, the main gas pressure of the cold spraying is 2.5MPa, the powder feeding pressure is 2.8MPa, the main gas temperature is 250 ℃, the flow rate of the spraying powder is 40g/min, the spraying distance is 40mm, the moving speed of a spray gun is 30mm/s, and the spraying times of the coating are 5 times, so that a copper coating with the thickness of about 700 mu m is formed at the butted position.
After spraying, according to the national standard of GB/T2651-2008 tensile test method for welded joints, the sprayed tensile sample is subjected to tensile mechanical test in a universal testing machine, and after the aluminum alloy matrix and the carbon fiber reinforced epoxy resin matrix are connected by a cold spraying process, the connection strength of the aluminum alloy matrix and the carbon fiber reinforced epoxy resin matrix is 28 MPa.
Example 5
Screening the copper powder raw material by using a 300-mesh filter screen to ensure that the particle size of the copper powder meets the use requirement of cold spraying, and drying at 120 ℃ for 1.5 hours to obtain the copper powder serving as the cold spraying material.
And (3) carrying out sand blasting treatment on the titanium alloy and the polyether-ether-ketone matrix, then placing the titanium alloy and the polyether-ether-ketone matrix in acetone for ultrasonic cleaning for 5-10 minutes, and drying to obtain the titanium alloy matrix and the polyether-ether-ketone matrix with clean surfaces.
The substrates are butted by adopting an inclined opening as shown in figure 2, the treated copper powder is sprayed at the butted position of the titanium alloy substrate and the polyether-ether-ketone substrate by adopting cold spraying, the main gas pressure of the cold spraying is 3MPa, the powder feeding pressure is 3.5MPa, the main gas temperature is 300 ℃, the flow rate of the spraying powder is 40g/min, the spraying distance is 40mm, the moving speed of a spray gun is 30mm/s, the spraying times of the coating are 5 times, and a copper coating with the thickness of about 800 mu m is formed at the butted position.
After spraying, according to the national standard of GB/T2651-2008 tensile test method for welded joints, the sprayed tensile sample is subjected to tensile mechanical test in a universal testing machine, and after the titanium alloy matrix and the polyether-ether-ketone matrix are connected through a cold spraying process, the connection strength of the titanium alloy matrix and the polyether-ether-ketone matrix is 23 MPa.
Example 6
Screening the aluminum powder raw material by using a 200-mesh filter screen to ensure that the particle size of the aluminum powder meets the use requirement of cold spraying, and drying the aluminum powder for 1 hour at 120 ℃ to obtain the cold spraying material.
And (3) after sand blasting treatment is carried out on the nylon matrix, the nylon matrix and the silicon carbide matrix are placed in acetone for ultrasonic cleaning for 5-10 minutes, and the nylon and the silicon carbide matrix with clean surfaces are obtained after drying.
The flat-end butt joint is adopted between the matrixes as shown in figure 1, the treated aluminum powder is sprayed on the butt joint of the nylon and the silicon carbide matrixes by cold spraying, the main gas pressure of the cold spraying is 2.1MPa, the powder feeding pressure is 2.4MPa, the main gas temperature is 200 ℃, the flow rate of the spraying powder is 35g/min, the spraying distance is 30mm, the moving speed of a spray gun is 40mm/s, the spraying times of the coating are 4 times, and an aluminum coating with the thickness of 600 mu m is formed on the butt joint.
After spraying, according to the national standard of GB/T2651-2008 tensile test method for welded joints, the sprayed tensile sample is subjected to tensile mechanical test in a universal testing machine, and after the nylon matrix and the silicon carbide matrix are connected through a cold spraying process, the connection strength of the nylon matrix and the silicon carbide matrix is 24 MPa.
Claims (10)
1. A method for connecting heterogeneous materials by cold spraying is characterized in that metal powder is sprayed on the butt joint positions of different base materials by cold spraying, metal coatings with the thickness of more than 500 mu m are formed on the butt joint positions, and the bonding strength between matrixes is 20-40 MPa; the substrate is a metal substrate, a ceramic substrate or a polymer substrate.
2. The method for connecting heterogeneous materials by cold spraying according to claim 1, wherein the process parameters of the cold spraying are as follows: the main gas pressure is 1.3-4 MPa, the powder feeding pressure is 1.8-4.5 MPa, the main gas temperature is 100-550 ℃, the spraying powder flow is 30-80 g/min, the spraying distance is 25-40 mm, and the moving speed of the spray gun is 15-50 mm/s.
3. The method for connecting heterogeneous materials by cold spraying according to claim 1, wherein the metal powder is any one or a mixture of aluminum powder, copper powder and tin powder.
4. The method of claim 1 or 3, wherein the metal powder is spherical powder of 30-50 μm, and the metal content of the metal powder is 99.5% by mass or more.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the metal substrate is selected from any one of aluminum, aluminum alloy, 304/316 stainless steel, carbon steel, copper, brass, magnesium alloy, and titanium alloy;
the ceramic matrix is selected from any one of alumina, zirconia, aluminum nitride, silicon carbide and silicon nitride;
the polymer matrix is selected from any one of polyether-ether-ketone, nylon, high-density polyethylene, carbon fiber reinforced polyether-ether-ketone and carbon fiber reinforced epoxy resin.
6. The method for connecting heterogeneous materials by cold spraying according to claim 1, wherein the butt joint of the substrates comprises a plain butt joint or a beveled butt joint.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the sprayed metal powder and the substrate to be connected are pre-treated before the heterogeneous materials are connected by the cold spraying.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein the alumina substrate is connected with the 316 stainless steel substrate, the zirconia substrate is connected with the polyetheretherketone substrate, the aluminum alloy substrate is connected with the carbon fiber reinforced epoxy resin substrate, the titanium alloy substrate is connected with the polyetheretherketone substrate, the brass substrate is connected with the silicon nitride substrate, or the nylon substrate is connected with the silicon carbide substrate.
9. The method for connecting heterogeneous materials by cold spraying according to claim 1 or 7, wherein the metal powder sprayed is aluminum powder when the alumina substrate and the 316 stainless steel substrate are connected by cold spraying, or when the brass substrate and the silicon nitride substrate are connected by cold spraying;
when the aluminum alloy matrix and the carbon fiber reinforced epoxy resin matrix are connected by cold spraying, the sprayed metal powder is copper powder;
when the zirconium oxide matrix and the polyether-ether-ketone matrix are connected by cold spraying, the sprayed metal powder is tin powder.
10. The method for connecting heterogeneous materials by cold spraying according to claim 1, wherein the sprayed metal powder is aluminum powder, and the technological parameters of the cold spraying are as follows: the main gas pressure is 1.3-2.5 MPa, the powder feeding pressure is 1.8-2.6 MPa, and the main gas temperature is 150-250 ℃;
the sprayed metal powder is copper powder, and the technological parameters of cold spraying are as follows: the main gas pressure is 2-4 MPa, the powder feeding pressure is 2.5-4.5 MPa, and the main gas temperature is 250-550 ℃;
the sprayed metal powder is tin powder, and the technological parameters of cold spraying are as follows: the main gas pressure is 1.3-2.5 MPa, the powder feeding pressure is 1.8-2.6 MPa, and the main gas temperature is 100-150 ℃.
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| CN111593226A (en) * | 2020-06-16 | 2020-08-28 | 江西省科学院应用物理研究所 | Graphene/copper composite material and preparation method thereof |
| CN112501605A (en) * | 2020-12-01 | 2021-03-16 | 湖北超卓航空科技股份有限公司 | Preparation method of functional composite cold spray coating |
| CN112536574A (en) * | 2020-12-02 | 2021-03-23 | 湖北超卓航空科技股份有限公司 | Method for connecting heterogeneous materials by cold spraying |
| CN112589373A (en) * | 2020-12-04 | 2021-04-02 | 南京劲拓海洋工程装备有限公司 | Drilling platform gear shaft repairing method |
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| CN114472900A (en) * | 2022-01-28 | 2022-05-13 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Cold spraying dissimilar metal butt joint connection method |
| CN114657499A (en) * | 2022-03-30 | 2022-06-24 | 广东省科学院新材料研究所 | Metal-based coating on surface of brittle matrix and preparation device and method thereof |
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| CN111593226A (en) * | 2020-06-16 | 2020-08-28 | 江西省科学院应用物理研究所 | Graphene/copper composite material and preparation method thereof |
| CN112501605A (en) * | 2020-12-01 | 2021-03-16 | 湖北超卓航空科技股份有限公司 | Preparation method of functional composite cold spray coating |
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| CN113718242B (en) * | 2021-06-30 | 2023-04-28 | 中国兵器科学研究院宁波分院 | Additive manufacturing connection forming method of large-size dispersion strengthening copper component |
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| CN113953609A (en) * | 2021-09-16 | 2022-01-21 | 黎铭坚 | AMB ceramic-metal brazing method |
| CN114012254A (en) * | 2021-11-01 | 2022-02-08 | 浙江吉利控股集团有限公司 | Dissimilar material joint of resin material and metal material, preparation method and vehicle |
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| CN114472900A (en) * | 2022-01-28 | 2022-05-13 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Cold spraying dissimilar metal butt joint connection method |
| CN114472900B (en) * | 2022-01-28 | 2024-02-20 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Cold spraying dissimilar metal butt joint connection method |
| CN114657499A (en) * | 2022-03-30 | 2022-06-24 | 广东省科学院新材料研究所 | Metal-based coating on surface of brittle matrix and preparation device and method thereof |
| CN114657499B (en) * | 2022-03-30 | 2023-10-31 | 广东省科学院新材料研究所 | Brittle substrate surface metal-based coating and preparation device and method thereof |
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Application publication date: 20200519 |