CN113718242B - Additive manufacturing connection forming method of large-size dispersion strengthening copper component - Google Patents

Additive manufacturing connection forming method of large-size dispersion strengthening copper component Download PDF

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CN113718242B
CN113718242B CN202110736271.3A CN202110736271A CN113718242B CN 113718242 B CN113718242 B CN 113718242B CN 202110736271 A CN202110736271 A CN 202110736271A CN 113718242 B CN113718242 B CN 113718242B
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dispersion strengthening
strengthening copper
base material
dispersion
copper base
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CN113718242A (en
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崔烺
刘光
贾利
冯胜强
朱继宏
李韶英
陈杰
王晓霞
赵健
张龙
戴宇
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Northwestern Polytechnical University
China Weapon Science Academy Ningbo Branch
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Northwestern Polytechnical University
China Weapon Science Academy Ningbo Branch
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
    • C23C24/02—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of pressure only
    • C23C24/04—Impact or kinetic deposition of particles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
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Abstract

The invention discloses a connection forming method for additive manufacturing of a large-size dispersion strengthening copper component, which comprises the following steps: 1) Carrying out heat treatment on the dispersion strengthening copper powder for cold spraying; 2) Simulation design; 3) Machining the upper groove, and butting and fixing the first dispersion strengthening copper base material A1 and the second dispersion strengthening copper base material A2; 4) The cold spraying equipment performs additive manufacturing on the dispersion strengthening copper coating in the upper groove in the step 3) to obtain a connecting base material; 5) So that the remaining coating is flush with the upper parts of the two dispersion-strengthened copper substrates; 6) The depth of the lower groove is h3; 7) Machining to obtain a lower groove for connecting the base materials; 8) Obtaining a dispersion-strengthened copper member B; 9) Finally, a large-size dispersion-strengthened copper member C is obtained. The two dispersion strengthening copper base materials with any size and any shape can be connected into a dispersion strengthening copper component, and the dispersion strengthening copper component is consistent with the components of the first dispersion strengthening copper base material and the second dispersion strengthening copper base material, so that the performance is not affected.

Description

Additive manufacturing connection forming method of large-size dispersion strengthening copper component
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of processing of dispersion-strengthened copper components, in particular to an additive manufacturing connection forming method of a large-size dispersion-strengthened copper component, which is particularly suitable for oxide, tungsten carbide, nitride and boride ceramic phases (Al 2 O 3 、Y 2 O 3 、TiC、TiN、TaC、TaN、TiB 2 ) And (3) preparing the dispersion strengthening copper component.
Background
The dispersion strengthening copper is a material which is strengthened by adding a certain amount of ceramic (generally, the content is less than 1 weight percent, the size is less than 75 nm) into a copper matrix material, and the ceramic is uniformly distributed in the matrix to form second-phase nano particles which are dispersed and distributed. The ceramic particles have high heat resistance stability, nano-scale ceramic particles can also prevent dislocation and grain boundary movement, so that the dispersion strengthening copper alloy has strong high temperature softening resistance and high temperature creep resistance, is insoluble with a copper base material, has small influence on the conductivity of the copper alloy, has better high temperature mechanical property when being compared with the traditional copper material, the dispersion strengthening copper has the tensile strength of more than 600MPa at normal temperature and the tensile strength of more than 230MPa at 700 ℃, can effectively prevent grain growth in the annealing process due to the bundling effect of strengthening phases with tiny dispersion distribution, has excellent high temperature softening resistance and good wear resistance and arc ablation resistance after the dispersion strengthening copper material is annealed at 500-900 ℃, can keep 80 percent (more than 500 MPa) before annealing, and has wide application prospect when being widely applied to electric contact materials, conductive elastic materials, integrated circuit lead frame materials, microwave tubes, conductive agent spot welding electrode materials and the like.
The traditional preparation of the dispersion strengthening copper mainly adopts a mechanical alloying method, a reaction jet deposition method and an internal oxidation method. The mechanical alloying method is that a certain amount of ceramic powder and copper powder are subjected to high-energy ball milling to obtain mixed powder, then the mixed powder is pressed into a compact, and is subjected to heat (isostatic) pressing and hot extrusion after degassing, so that various oxide, carbide, nitride and boride dispersion strengthening copper materials can be prepared, for example, the preparation method of the high-strength high-plastic dispersion strengthening copper-based composite material disclosed in Chinese patent publication No. CN109136615B is disclosed, nano ceramic particles and copper oxide powder are subjected to high-energy ball milling, and then the dispersion strengthening copper is prepared by sintering in a reducing atmosphere; the reactive spray deposition is to add reactive alloy powder or reactive element gas to react to form corresponding dispersion strengthening copper such as Cu-Al 2 O 3 Cu-TiB 2 And the like. The internal oxidation method mainly prepares Al 2 O 3 After Cu-Al alloy powder (prepared by gas atomization or water atomization) is mixed with proper amount of oxidant, the mixture is placed in a high-temperature sealed container (800-1000 ℃), and the solute elements Al and O are oxidized preferentially to generate Al 2 O 3 After the internal oxidation is completed, removing residual oxygen in the powder, reducing the composite powder by hydrogen, wrapping the obtained powder, and finally forming by hot pressing or hot forging.
Although the above methods can be used to prepare dispersion strengthened copper materials, there are general problems: the shape and the size of the prepared dispersion strengthening copper member are greatly limited by the size of a pressed compact or a sheath and the limitation of hot isostatic pressing or extrusion equipment, at present, the domestic dispersion strengthening copper products are generally bars with smaller size (the general size of the bars is 100mm in diameter and 2000mm in length), the plate products are fewer, for example, the dispersion strengthening copper plate with the thickness of 1.0-5 mm disclosed in China patent application publication No. CN 109536771A can not be prepared, and the dispersion strengthening copper member of the plate with the larger size can not be prepared.
By the connection process, the size of the dispersion-strengthened copper member can be increased and the shape can be complicated. Researches show that the aluminum oxide dispersion strengthening copper can be connected with red copper through vacuum brazing, but the connecting interface has hole defects and is low in strength; for example, chinese application publication No. CN103447668A discloses a method for welding alumina dispersion-strengthened copper and homogeneous/heterogeneous materials, but the welding wire material is nickel copper, which is inconsistent with the base material component, so that it is difficult to ensure that the performance of the welded alumina dispersion-strengthened copper component is consistent, and the fusion welding method easily causes agglomeration and growth of nano alumina strengthening phase, and reduces the performance of the alumina dispersion-strengthened copper material. The technique of joining and forming large-size dispersion-strengthened copper members has been a difficulty in restricting the application thereof.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a ceramic dispersion strengthening copper member additive manufacturing connection forming method which has consistent components, is not limited by the size and shape of a member and has simple process.
The invention adopts the technical proposal for solving the technical problems that: the additive manufacturing connection forming method of the large-size dispersion strengthening copper component is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
1) Carrying out heat treatment on the dispersion strengthening copper powder for cold spraying;
2) Performing three-dimensional modeling simulation design on an upper groove between a first dispersion strengthening copper base material A1 and a second dispersion strengthening copper base material A2 with the heights h by using simulation software, optimizing the size structure of the upper groove, wherein the opening direction of the upper groove is upward, the depth of the upper groove is h1, the height of a connecting surface between the first dispersion strengthening copper member A1 and the second dispersion strengthening copper member A2 in the left-right direction is h2, and h2=h-h 1, and h2>0;
3) Machining an upper groove between the first dispersion strengthening copper member A1 and the second dispersion strengthening copper member A2 according to the simulation design result in the step 2), butting and fixing the first dispersion strengthening copper base material A1 and the second dispersion strengthening copper base material A2, and introducing cooling medium into the bottom of the first dispersion strengthening copper base material A1 and the bottom of the second dispersion strengthening copper base material A2;
4) Filling the dispersion strengthening copper powder treated in the step 1) into a cold spraying powder feeding tank, and adding materials into an upper groove in the step 3) by adopting cold spraying equipment controlled by a mechanical arm to manufacture a dispersion strengthening copper coating, wherein the height of the upper groove inner coating is increased along with the spraying times, and the height of the upper groove inner coating is larger than the depth h1 of the upper groove, so that single-side connection between a first dispersion strengthening copper base material A1 and a second dispersion strengthening copper base material A2 is realized, and a connecting base material is obtained;
5) Removing the part of the coating obtained in the step 4) with the position higher than the positions of the first dispersion strengthening copper base material A1 and the second dispersion strengthening copper base material A2, so that the rest coating is flush with the upper parts of the two dispersion strengthening copper base materials;
6) Performing three-dimensional modeling simulation optimization design of a downward open lower groove on the connection base material processed in the step 5) by using simulation software, wherein the depth of the lower groove is h3;
7) Machining according to the optimal design result of the step 6) to obtain a lower groove of the connecting base material;
8) Making a lower groove face upwards, repeating the step 4) to the step 5), and spraying a dispersion strengthening copper coating in the lower groove to realize the connection between the first dispersion strengthening copper base material A1 and the second dispersion strengthening copper base material A2 on the other side so as to obtain a dispersion strengthening copper component B;
9) And repeating the steps 1) to 8) to form connection between two adjacent dispersion-strengthened copper members B, and finally obtaining the large-size dispersion-strengthened copper member C.
As an improvement, the mass percentage ratio of the alumina in the dispersion strengthening copper powder for cold spraying in the step 1) is 0.3-10%, the heat treatment adopts hydrogen reduction heat treatment, the temperature of the hydrogen reduction heat treatment is 200-800 ℃, and the time of the hydrogen reduction heat treatment is 0.5-3 hours.
Further, the dispersion strengthening copper powder in the step 1) is prepared by internal oxidation or by a mechanical alloy method.
Further, the heat treatment of the step 1) includes any one of hydrogen reduction heat treatment, vacuum heat treatment, argon protective atmosphere heat treatment, and nitrogen protective atmosphere heat treatment.
Further, the longitudinal cross-sectional shape of the upper groove optimally designed in the step 2) and the longitudinal cross-sectional shape of the lower groove optimally designed in the step 6) are any one of a semi-ellipse, a semi-sphere, and a trapezoid with a chamfer.
Further, the cooling medium in the step 3) is vegetable oil or animal oil or mineral oil, and the Grosmann H value of the cooling medium is 0.15-0.3.
Further, the temperature of the cooling medium in the step 3) is 100-400 ℃.
Further, in the step 4), the temperature of the upper groove is kept above 200 ℃ in the spraying process by controlling the temperature of the cooling medium.
Further, the cold spraying device adopted in the step 4) adopts any one of a protective atmosphere cold spraying system, a non-protective atmosphere cold spraying system, a helium gas circulation cold spraying system and a laser auxiliary cold spraying system.
Finally, the depth h4 of the lower groove in the step 6) is greater than the height h2 of the connecting surface.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
1. by adopting the method, two dispersion strengthening copper base materials with any size and any shape can be connected into the dispersion strengthening copper component, thereby realizing the large size and shape diversification of the dispersion strengthening copper alloy component and expanding the application of the dispersion strengthening copper alloy.
2. The cold spraying adopts dispersion strengthening copper powder, and is consistent with the components of the first dispersion strengthening copper base material and the second dispersion strengthening copper base material, so that the performances of the first dispersion strengthening copper base material and the second dispersion strengthening copper base material are not affected after the connection.
3. As a solid-state connection technology, the aggregation and grain growth phenomena of a dispersion strengthening phase in the dispersion strengthening copper component in the melting welding process are avoided, and the performance of the dispersion strengthening copper component is ensured.
4. In the improved scheme, the first dispersion strengthening copper base material and the second dispersion strengthening copper base material are connected by adopting a spraying-heat treatment integrated process, so that the temperature of the coating can be controlled, the coating can be heat treated, the toughness of the coating is enhanced, and the step that the traditional connecting process needs subsequent heat treatment is avoided, thereby the process is simpler.
5. The invention can preheat the first dispersion strengthening copper substrate and the second dispersion strengthening copper substrate and keep the temperature above 200 ℃, reduce the strength of the substrates, and improve the deformation of the substrates in the cold spraying process, thereby being beneficial to the combination of the coating and the substrates and improving the combination strength.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of a cold spray additive manufacturing connection process provided by the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional micro-morphology of an alumina dispersion strengthened copper coating of example 1 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the embodiments of the drawings.
Example 1:
referring to fig. 1, a method for forming connection of large-size dispersion-strengthened copper members by additive manufacturing includes the following steps:
1) Carrying out heat treatment on the dispersion strengthening copper powder for cold spraying to reduce the oxygen content in the dispersion strengthening copper powder and the strength of the powder, increase the plasticity of the powder and improve the powder deposition efficiency; the mass percentage ratio of alumina in the dispersion strengthening copper powder for cold spraying in the step 1) is 0.3 percent, the heat treatment adopts hydrogen reduction heat treatment, the temperature of the hydrogen reduction heat treatment is 600 ℃, and the time of the hydrogen reduction heat treatment is 3 hours. The dispersion strengthening copper powder in the step 1) is prepared by internal oxidation or by a mechanical alloy method. The heat treatment in the step 1) includes hydrogen reduction heat treatment, and any one of vacuum heat treatment, argon atmosphere heat treatment, and nitrogen atmosphere heat treatment may be used.
2) Performing three-dimensional modeling simulation design on an upper groove between a first dispersion strengthening copper base material A1 and a second dispersion strengthening copper base material A2 with the heights h by using simulation software, optimizing the size structure of the upper groove, for example, the sizes of the first dispersion strengthening copper base material A1 and the second dispersion strengthening copper base material A2 are 2000mm x 100mm, the opening direction of the upper groove is upward, the depth of the upper groove is h1=60 mm, the height of a connecting surface between the first dispersion strengthening copper member A1 and the second dispersion strengthening copper member A2 in the left-right direction is h2=40 mm, h2=h-h 1, h2>0, so that the stress concentration coefficient of the coating and the upper grooves of the two dispersion strengthening copper base materials is reduced, and the bonding strength between the two dispersion strengthening copper base materials is enhanced; the longitudinal section shape of the upper bevel optimally designed in the step 2) and the longitudinal section shape of the lower bevel optimally designed in the step 6) are semi-elliptical, and can also be hemispherical or trapezoid with chamfer, namely, the opening is hopefully larger and the bottom wall of the bevel bottom is more round, so that the coating is conveniently stacked and two dispersion-strengthened copper matrixes are connected.
3) According to the simulation design result in the step 2), machining an upper groove between the first dispersion strengthening copper base material A1 and the second dispersion strengthening copper base material A2, butting and fixing the first dispersion strengthening copper base material A1 and the second dispersion strengthening copper base material A2, introducing a cooling medium into the bottom of the first dispersion strengthening copper base material A1 and the bottom of the second dispersion strengthening copper base material A2, and in the step 3), the cooling medium is mineral oil, or can be replaced by vegetable oil or animal oil, wherein the Grosmann H value of the cooling medium is 0.15-0.3. The temperature of the cooling medium in the step 3) is 200 ℃, the cooling medium is placed in a container and is contacted with the first dispersion-strengthened copper base material A1 and the second dispersion-strengthened copper base material A2, so that the upper groove is subjected to preheating treatment.
4) Filling the dispersion strengthening copper powder treated in the step 1) into a cold spraying powder feeding tank, and adopting cold spraying equipment controlled by a mechanical arm to manufacture a dispersion strengthening copper coating in an upper groove in the step 3), wherein the height of the upper groove inner coating is increased along with the spraying times, and the height of the upper groove inner coating is larger than the depth h1 of the upper groove, so that single-side connection between a first dispersion strengthening copper base material A1 and a second dispersion strengthening copper base material A2 is realized, and a connecting base material is obtained; in the step 4), the temperature of the upper groove is kept above 200 ℃ in the spraying process by controlling the temperature of the cooling medium, so that on one hand, two dispersion strengthening copper base materials are softened, the strength is lower than 300MPa, and the combination of dispersion strengthening copper powder particles and the base materials is facilitated; on the other hand, the coating can be annealed, and subsequent heat treatment is not needed for the coating. The cold spraying device adopted in the step 4) adopts a protective atmosphere cold spraying system, a cold spraying cavity is vacuumized to 600Pa, then nitrogen is introduced to 0.3MPa, the groove temperature is kept at 300 ℃ in the spraying process, the thickness of a coating is increased along with the number of spraying times, and the final thickness is 60.5mm; the cold spray apparatus may be replaced with any one of a blanket-free cold spray system, a helium gas circulation cold spray system, and a laser-assisted cold spray system.
5) And (3) removing the part of the coating obtained in the step (4) which is higher than the first dispersion-strengthened copper base material A1 and the second dispersion-strengthened copper base material A2, so that the rest coating is flush with the upper parts of the two dispersion-strengthened copper base materials.
6) Performing three-dimensional modeling simulation optimization design of a downward open lower groove on the connection base material processed in the step 5) by using simulation software, wherein the depth of the lower groove is h3=50mm; the depth h3 of the lower groove in the step 6) is larger than the height h2 of the connecting surface, so that gaps between the connecting surfaces of the first dispersion strengthening copper matrix A1 and the second dispersion strengthening copper matrix A2 in the left-right direction can be removed, and the connecting strength between the two dispersion strengthening copper matrices is enhanced.
7) And (3) machining according to the optimal design result of the step (6) to obtain a lower groove for connecting the base materials.
8) And (2) making the lower groove upward, repeating the steps 4) to 5), and spraying a dispersion strengthening copper coating in the lower groove to realize the connection between the first dispersion strengthening copper base material A1 and the second dispersion strengthening copper base material A2 on the other side, so as to obtain a dispersion strengthening copper component B with the size of 4000mm x 100mm, and referring to fig. 2, the coating is connected with the dispersion strengthening copper base material more tightly.
9) And (3) repeating the steps 1) to 8) to form connection between two adjacent dispersion strengthening copper members B, and finally obtaining the large-size dispersion strengthening copper member C, wherein the specific size is 800 mm 100mm.
The coating is carried out by cold spraying technology, and two dispersion strengthening copper components with arbitrary shapes and arbitrary sizes can be connected, so that the large-size and shape diversification (for example, bars can be produced and plates can be produced) of the dispersion strengthening copper alloy components are realized, and the application of the dispersion strengthening copper alloy is expanded.
The cold spraying adopts dispersion strengthening copper powder, so that the components of the coating are consistent with the components of the first dispersion strengthening copper base material A1 and the second dispersion strengthening copper base material A2, and the performances of the first dispersion strengthening copper base material A1 and the second dispersion strengthening copper base material A2 are not affected.
The porosity, bonding strength and conductivity data of the cold spray dispersion strengthened copper coating obtained by the method of this example are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 porosity, tensile Strength and conductivity of additive manufacturing Dispersion-strengthened copper coatings
Sample preparation Porosity (%) Bond Strength (MPa) Conductivity (% IACS)
1 0.3 230 82
2 0.2 220 83
3 0.2 226 82
Example 2:
a connection forming method for additive manufacturing of a large-size dispersion strengthening copper component comprises the following steps:
1) Carrying out heat treatment on the dispersion strengthening copper powder for cold spraying to reduce the oxygen content in the dispersion strengthening copper powder and the strength of the powder, increase the plasticity of the powder and improve the powder deposition efficiency; the mass percentage ratio of alumina in the dispersion strengthening copper powder for cold spraying in the step 1) is 10 percent, the heat treatment adopts hydrogen reduction heat treatment, the temperature of the hydrogen reduction heat treatment is 200 ℃, and the time of the hydrogen reduction heat treatment is 0.5 hour. The dispersion strengthening copper powder in the step 1) is prepared by internal oxidation or by a mechanical alloy method. The heat treatment of step 1) includes a hydrogen reduction heat treatment.
2) Performing three-dimensional modeling simulation design on an upper groove between a first dispersion strengthening copper base material A1 and a second dispersion strengthening copper base material A2 with the heights h by using simulation software, optimizing the size structure of the upper groove, wherein the sizes of the first dispersion strengthening copper base material A1 and the second dispersion strengthening copper base material A2 are 1500mm by 200mm by 80mm, the opening direction of the upper groove is upward, the depth of the upper groove is h1=50mm, the height of a connecting surface between the first dispersion strengthening copper member A1 and the second dispersion strengthening copper member A2 in the left-right direction is h2=30mm, h2=h-h 1, and h2>0, so that the stress concentration coefficient of the coating and the upper grooves of the two dispersion strengthening copper base materials is reduced, and the bonding strength between the two dispersion strengthening copper base materials is enhanced; the longitudinal section shape of the upper groove optimally designed in the step 2) and the longitudinal section shape of the lower groove optimally designed in the step 6) are both semi-elliptical.
3) According to the simulation design result in the step 2), machining an upper groove between the first dispersion strengthening copper base material A1 and the second dispersion strengthening copper base material A2, butting and fixing the first dispersion strengthening copper base material A1 and the second dispersion strengthening copper base material A2, introducing cooling medium into the bottom of the first dispersion strengthening copper base material A1 and the bottom of the second dispersion strengthening copper base material A2, and in the step 3), the cooling medium is mineral oil, wherein the Grosmann H value of the cooling medium is 0.15-0.3. The temperature of the cooling medium in the step 3) is 400 ℃ so as to preheat the upper groove.
4) Filling the dispersion strengthening copper powder processed in the step 1) into a cold spraying powder feeding tank, and manufacturing a dispersion strengthening copper coating in the upper groove in the step 3) by adopting cold spraying equipment controlled by a mechanical arm, wherein the height of the upper groove inner coating is increased along with the spraying times, and the height of the upper groove inner coating is larger than the depth h1 of the upper groove, so that single-side connection between a first dispersion strengthening copper base material A1 and a second dispersion strengthening copper base material A2 is realized, and a connecting base material is obtained. And 4) adopting a protective atmosphere cold spraying system in the cold spraying setting adopted in the step 4), vacuumizing a cold spraying cavity to 800Pa, then introducing nitrogen to 0.1MPa, increasing the thickness of the inner coating of the groove along with the spraying times, and finally, obtaining the thickness of 50.6mm. .
5) And (3) removing the part of the coating obtained in the step (4) which is higher than the first dispersion-strengthened copper base material A1 and the second dispersion-strengthened copper base material A2, so that the rest coating is flush with the upper parts of the two dispersion-strengthened copper base materials.
6) Performing three-dimensional modeling simulation optimization design of a downward open lower groove on the connecting base materials processed in the step 5) by using simulation software, wherein the depth of the lower groove is h3=35 mm, and the height of a new connecting surface of the two base materials is 45mm; the depth h3 of the lower groove in the step 6) is larger than the height h2 of the connecting surface, so that gaps between the connecting surfaces of the first dispersion strengthening copper matrix A1 and the second dispersion strengthening copper matrix A2 in the left-right direction can be removed, and the connecting strength between the two dispersion strengthening copper matrices is enhanced.
7) And (3) machining according to the optimal design result of the step (6) to obtain a lower groove for connecting the base materials.
8) And (2) making the lower groove upward, repeating the steps 4) to 5), and spraying a dispersion strengthening copper coating in the lower groove to realize the connection between the first dispersion strengthening copper base material A1 and the second dispersion strengthening copper base material A2 on the other side, so as to obtain a dispersion strengthening copper component B with the size of 3000mm by 200mm by 80mm, wherein the coating is tightly connected with the dispersion strengthening copper base material, as shown in fig. 2.
9) And (3) repeating the steps 1) to 8) to form connection between two adjacent dispersion-strengthened copper members B, and finally obtaining the large-size dispersion-strengthened copper member C.
Example 3:
a connection forming method for additive manufacturing of a large-size dispersion strengthening copper component comprises the following steps:
1) Carrying out heat treatment on the dispersion strengthening copper powder for cold spraying to reduce the oxygen content in the dispersion strengthening copper powder and the strength of the powder, increase the plasticity of the powder and improve the powder deposition efficiency; the mass percentage ratio of alumina in the dispersion strengthening copper powder for cold spraying in the step 1) is 5 percent, the heat treatment adopts hydrogen reduction heat treatment, the temperature of the hydrogen reduction heat treatment is 800 ℃, and the time of the hydrogen reduction heat treatment is 1 hour. The dispersion strengthening copper powder in the step 1) is prepared by internal oxidation or by a mechanical alloy method. The heat treatment of step 1) includes a hydrogen reduction heat treatment.
2) Performing three-dimensional modeling simulation design on an upper groove between a first dispersion strengthening copper base material A1 and a second dispersion strengthening copper base material A2 with the heights h by using simulation software, optimizing the size structure of the upper groove, wherein the sizes of the first dispersion strengthening copper base material and the second dispersion strengthening copper base material are 3000mm by 150mm by 50mm, the opening direction of the upper groove is upward, the depth of the upper groove is h1=30mm, the height of a connecting surface between the first dispersion strengthening copper member A1 and the second dispersion strengthening copper member A2 in the left-right direction is h2=20mm, h2=h-h 1, and h2>0, so that the stress concentration coefficient of grooves on the coating and the two dispersion strengthening copper base materials is reduced, and the bonding strength between the two dispersion strengthening copper base materials is enhanced; the longitudinal section shape of the upper groove optimally designed in the step 2) and the longitudinal section shape of the lower groove optimally designed in the step 6) are both semi-elliptical.
3) According to the simulation design result in the step 2), machining an upper groove between the first dispersion strengthening copper base material A1 and the second dispersion strengthening copper base material A2, butting and fixing the first dispersion strengthening copper base material A1 and the second dispersion strengthening copper base material A2, introducing cooling medium into the bottom of the first dispersion strengthening copper base material A1 and the bottom of the second dispersion strengthening copper base material A2, and in the step 3), the cooling medium is mineral oil, wherein the Grosmann H value of the cooling medium is 0.15-0.3. The temperature of the cooling medium in the step 3) is 200 ℃ so as to preheat the upper groove.
4) Filling the dispersion strengthening copper powder processed in the step 1) into a cold spraying powder feeding tank, and manufacturing a dispersion strengthening copper coating in the upper groove in the step 3) by adopting cold spraying equipment controlled by a mechanical arm, wherein the height of the upper groove inner coating is increased along with the spraying times, and the height of the upper groove inner coating is larger than the depth h1 of the upper groove, so that single-side connection between a first dispersion strengthening copper base material A1 and a second dispersion strengthening copper base material A2 is realized, and a connecting base material is obtained. And 4) adopting a protective atmosphere cold spraying system in the cold spraying setting adopted in the step 4), vacuumizing a cold spraying cavity to 700Pa, then introducing nitrogen to 0.2MPa, increasing the thickness of the inner coating of the groove along with the spraying times, and finally, obtaining the thickness of 6.2mm.
5) And (3) removing the part of the coating obtained in the step (4) which is higher than the first dispersion-strengthened copper base material A1 and the second dispersion-strengthened copper base material A2, so that the rest coating is flush with the upper parts of the two dispersion-strengthened copper base materials.
6) Performing three-dimensional modeling simulation optimization design of a downward open lower groove on the connecting base materials processed in the step 5) by using simulation software, wherein the depth of the lower groove is h4=25mm, and the height of a new connecting surface of the two base materials is 25mm; the depth h3 of the lower groove in the step 6) is larger than the height h2 of the connecting surface, so that gaps between the connecting surfaces of the first dispersion strengthening copper matrix A1 and the second dispersion strengthening copper matrix A2 in the left-right direction can be removed, and the connecting strength between the two dispersion strengthening copper matrices is enhanced.
7) And (3) machining according to the optimal design result of the step (6) to obtain a lower groove for connecting the base materials.
8) And (2) making the lower groove upward, repeating the steps 4) to 5), and spraying a dispersion strengthening copper coating in the lower groove to realize the connection between the first dispersion strengthening copper base material A1 and the second dispersion strengthening copper base material A2 on the other side, so as to obtain a dispersion strengthening copper component B with the size of 600 mm by 150mm by 50mm, wherein the connection between the coating and the dispersion strengthening copper base material is relatively tight as seen in fig. 2.
9) And (3) repeating the steps 1) to 8) to form connection between two adjacent dispersion strengthening copper components B, and finally obtaining the dispersion strengthening copper component C with large size of 120000mm by 150mm by 50 mm.
The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that several modifications and variations can be made without departing from the technical principle of the present invention, and these modifications and variations should also be regarded as the scope of the invention.

Claims (10)

1. The additive manufacturing connection forming method of the large-size dispersion strengthening copper component is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
1) Carrying out heat treatment on the dispersion strengthening copper powder for cold spraying;
2) Performing three-dimensional modeling simulation design on an upper groove between a first dispersion strengthening copper base material A1 and a second dispersion strengthening copper base material A2 with at least h heights by using simulation software, optimizing the size structure of the upper groove, wherein the opening direction of the upper groove is upward, the depth of the upper groove is h1, the height of a connecting surface between the first dispersion strengthening copper member A1 and the second dispersion strengthening copper member A2 in the left-right direction is h2, and h2=h-h 1, and h2 is more than 0;
3) Machining an upper groove between the first dispersion strengthening copper base material A1 and the second dispersion strengthening copper base material A2 according to the simulation design result in the step 2), butting and fixing the first dispersion strengthening copper base material A1 and the second dispersion strengthening copper base material A2, and introducing cooling medium into the bottom of the first dispersion strengthening copper base material A1 and the bottom of the second dispersion strengthening copper base material A2;
4) Filling the dispersion strengthening copper powder treated in the step 1) into a cold spraying powder feeding tank, and adding materials into an upper groove in the step 3) by adopting cold spraying equipment controlled by a mechanical arm to manufacture a dispersion strengthening copper coating, wherein the height of the upper groove inner coating is increased along with the spraying times, and the height of the upper groove inner coating is larger than the depth h1 of the upper groove, so that single-side connection between a first dispersion strengthening copper base material A1 and a second dispersion strengthening copper base material A2 is realized, and a connecting base material is obtained;
5) Removing the part of the coating obtained in the step 4) with the position higher than the positions of the first dispersion strengthening copper base material A1 and the second dispersion strengthening copper base material A2, so that the rest coating is flush with the upper parts of the two dispersion strengthening copper base materials;
6) Performing three-dimensional modeling simulation optimization design of a downward open lower groove on the connection base material processed in the step 5) by using simulation software, wherein the depth of the lower groove is h3;
7) Machining according to the optimal design result of the step 6) to obtain a lower groove of the connecting base material;
8) Making a lower groove face upwards, repeating the step 4) to the step 5), and spraying a dispersion strengthening copper coating in the lower groove to realize the connection between the first dispersion strengthening copper base material A1 and the second dispersion strengthening copper base material A2 on the other side so as to obtain a dispersion strengthening copper component B;
9) And repeating the steps 1) to 8) to form connection between two adjacent dispersion-strengthened copper members B, and finally obtaining the large-size dispersion-strengthened copper member C.
2. The method of manufacturing according to claim 1, characterized in that: the mass percentage ratio of the alumina in the dispersion strengthening copper powder for cold spraying in the step 1) is 0.3-10%, the heat treatment adopts hydrogen reduction heat treatment, the temperature of the hydrogen reduction heat treatment is 200-800 ℃, and the time of the hydrogen reduction heat treatment is 0.5-3 hours.
3. The method of manufacturing according to claim 1, characterized in that: the dispersion strengthening copper powder in the step 1) is prepared by internal oxidation or by a mechanical alloy method.
4. The method of manufacturing according to claim 1, characterized in that: the heat treatment in the step 1) comprises any one of hydrogen reduction heat treatment, vacuum heat treatment, argon protection atmosphere heat treatment and nitrogen protection atmosphere heat treatment.
5. The method of manufacturing according to claim 1, characterized in that: the longitudinal cross-sectional shape of the upper groove optimally designed in the step 2) and the longitudinal cross-sectional shape of the lower groove optimally designed in the step 6) are any one of semi-ellipse, hemispherical and trapezoid with chamfer angles.
6. The method of manufacturing according to claim 1, characterized in that: the cooling medium in the step 3) is vegetable oil or animal oil or mineral oil, and the Grosmann H value of the cooling medium is 0.15-0.3.
7. The method of manufacturing according to claim 1, characterized in that: the temperature of the cooling medium in the step 3) is 100-400 ℃.
8. The method of manufacturing according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step 4), the temperature of the upper groove is kept above 200 ℃ in the spraying process by controlling the temperature of the cooling medium.
9. The method of manufacturing according to claim 1, characterized in that: the cold spraying equipment adopted in the step 4) adopts any one of a protective atmosphere cold spraying system, a non-protective atmosphere cold spraying system, a helium gas circulation cold spraying system and a laser auxiliary cold spraying system.
10. The method of manufacturing according to claim 1, characterized in that: the depth h3 of the lower groove in the step 6) is larger than the height h2 of the connecting surface.
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