CN103233224B - Method for preparing high-chromium wear-resistant alloy through laser cladding - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for preparing a high-chromium wear-resistant alloy through laser cladding. The method is characterized by comprising steps of: firstly, uniformly mixing 80-82% of Fe-Cr-B powder, 5.5-6.0% of wolfram carbide powder, 1.0-1.2% of nickel-coated graphite powder, 8-10% of high-carbon ferrochrome powder and 2.5-3.5% of ferrovanadium powder according to mass fractions; utilizing a fiber optic laser and adopting a synchronous power feeding method to carry out laser cladding on a basic material of a Crl2Move steel, wherein the power feeding rate is 12-15g/min, the laser power is 2.0-2.5KW, the scanning velocity is 4-6mm/s, and the number of the cladding layers is 4-6; and finally, obtaining a high-chromium wear-resistant alloy laser cladding layer with high hardness, good wear resistance, surface without cracks, impurities and pores and smooth surface.
Description
Technical field
The invention discloses a kind of laser melting coating and prepare alloy approach, particularly a kind of laser melting coating prepares high-chromium wear-resistant alloy approach, belongs to field of surface technology.
Background technology
At industrial circles such as metallurgy, mine, cement, thermal power generation, high-abrasive material consumption occupies sizable ratio in whole energy expenditure and Financial cost.Chinese Academy of Engineering's consulting research report display in 2009, it is 9,500 hundred million yuan that the whole nation in 2006 consumes the fund in friction, wearing and tearing and lubrication, accounts for 4.5% of gross national product GDP.The only loss such as disintegrating apparatus and digger liner plate, Pulp pump, be no less than 20,000,000,000 every year, wherein, abrading-ball is no less than 10,000,000,000, and liner plate is no less than 4,000,000,000, and tup is no less than 4,000,000,000, and liner plate is no less than 3,000,000,000.Say according to materials consumption weight, domestic annual consumption metal wear resistant material about reaches more than 4,000,000 tons, and wherein abrading-ball consumes nearly 2,500,000 tons, and liner plate consumes nearly 500,000 tons.But the wearing and tearing of material generally occur over just workpiece surface, according to laser cladding method, workpiece surface easy to wear is strengthened, be then expected to improve workpiece surface hardness, extend workpiece work-ing life.
At present, be studied both at home and abroad to the surface laser process of wear parts, Chinese invention patent CN1081721 discloses a kind of method at metal surface through laser coating rubbing-layer.This technique adopt granularity be 0.5-1.2mm(or 500-1200 μm) cemented tungsten carbide particles as hard phase, Fe base, Ni base or Co base self-fluxing alloy, as Binder Phase, utilize high-power CO
2coarse particles tungsten-carbide cermet layer, as thermal source, is coated on metallic surface by laser apparatus, and wherein, the weight percent of wolfram varbide is not less than 50%.The feature of this technique is: tungsten carbide particle is evenly distributed and in the coating substantially without scaling loss, thus keep its original high rigidity and high-wearing feature, the method of laser melting coating coarse particles tungsten-carbide cermet layer can be applicable to the very high operating mode of abrasive wear, the digging instrument etc. of such as mine, oil, agricultural machinery.Chinese invention patent CN102962447A also discloses a kind of method of titanium carbide ceramic powder and this powder of laser melting coating, and described titanium carbide ceramic powder is made up of titanium carbide, lanthanum trioxide and nickel 60.Described method is: titanium carbide ceramic powder is put into ball mill ball milling 15 hours ~ 20 hours, is dried by the powder after ball milling; Powder after oven dry and water glass are mixed into pasty state powder; What pasty state powder is coated to test block treats that cladding flattens on the surface, allows its natural air drying; With pulse laser machine, cladding is carried out to the pasty state powder after air-dry in test block; Test block after cladding is polished, then polished finish is carried out to its cladding surface, then cleaned up with dehydrated alcohol; Hardness test and wear testing are done to test block.The cladding layer that the present invention obtains has that heat-resisting ability is strong, wear resistance is strong, hardness is high, dense structure is even, thickness is even, grain refining, pore and the advantage such as crackle is few, surface quality is good.Chinese invention patent CN102965664A also discloses a kind of Graphene and strengthens Ni base composite coating material and laser melting and coating process thereof, belongs to material surface modifying technology field.It is characterized in that being take ni-based self-fluxing alloy as cladding layer substrate material, with the Graphene of volume percent 0.5-20% for wild phase, utilize laser melting and coating technique to prepare on steel and alloy substrate to have the compound coating of excellent wear-resisting and Wear vesistance.Advantage of the present invention is that Graphene content scope is large; coating structure even compact; wear-resisting excellent with Wear vesistance; and there is between matrix good metallurgical binding; carbon steel, alloy steel member can be met under different working condition to friction and wear behavior requirement; and the mass-producing of coating preparation process and level of automation high, the fields such as aerospace, machinery, automobile and military project can be widely used in.Chinese invention patent CN102978444A also discloses nano-sized carbon bag titanium carbide and strengthens Ni base composite coating material and laser melting and coating process.It is characterized in that with Ni65.83-Cr15-B3.0-Si3.5-C0.7-Fe12 nickel base self-fluxing alloy powder for substrate material, with the nano-sized carbon bag titanium carbide of 0.5-20vol.% for wild phase, utilize laser melting and coating technique on steel and alloy substrate, prepare nanometer and strengthen Ni base composite coating.The advantage of this invention is coating structure even compact; good toughness; solidity to corrosion and wear resisting property excellence; and there is between matrix good metallurgical binding; carbon steel, alloy steel member can be met under different working condition to friction and wear behavior requirement; and the mass-producing of coating preparation process and level of automation high, the fields such as aerospace, machinery, automobile and military project can be widely used in.Chinese invention patent CN101519704 also discloses a kind of method of blast-furnace tuyere surface laser cladding cobalt base superalloy layer; It comprises the steps: 1) surface preparation of blast-furnace tuyere air outlet; 2) air outlet surface spraying pre-deposition bottoming alloy; 3) CO sent into by blast-furnace tuyere workpiece
2thermal pretreatment before laser apparatus, 4) CO
2laser apparatus adopts reverse synchronous mode or coaxial-type automatic powder feeding system, at the air outlet working lining multi-pass cladding Co-based alloy powder of the blast-furnace tuyere through gas argon arc welding pre-deposition; And synchronous protection of inert gas is carried out to Laser Cladding Treatment region simultaneously; 5) subsequent disposal.This invention is under the prerequisite not affecting the Copper substrate capacity of heat transmission, coating has high rigidity, wear-resistant, high temperature oxidation resisting, be the firmly performance characteristics such as metallurgical binding with matrix, can significant prolongation blast-furnace tuyere work-ing life, its preparation cost is low, can be applicable to the advantages such as the local route repair scrapping blast-furnace tuyere.Chinese invention patent CN101994114A also discloses a kind of hot rolled seamless steel tube milling train retained mandrel laser cladding wear, thermal fatigue-resistant alloy coating process, is characterized in: first carry out removing surface to the greasy dirt of retained mandrel and rusty scale; Then select Co-based alloy powder, adopt laser equipment and automatic powder feeding device, carry out laser melting coating processing on retained mandrel surface, make it the coating of the resistance to high temperature oxidation of formation 0.2--2mm, thermal fatigue resistance, heat wear resistance; Finally in heat treatment furnace, high tempering process is carried out to the retained mandrel after laser melting coating, with reduce coating and matrix after laser melting coating change after unrelieved stress.The cladding alloy coating uniform of this invention, densification, have that productivity is high, energy consumption is low, cladding layer process redundancy is little, yield rate is high and the feature such as comprehensive cost is low.Chinese invention patent CN102021559A also discloses the Co-based alloy powder for last stage vane of steam turbine laser melting coating, its composition includes Cr, W, Co, Zr, Hf, be characterized in also including Ni, Mn, Si, C, wherein the mass percent of each component is: C:0.4 ~ 0.9%; Cr:24 ~ 30%; W:6 ~ 10%; Ni:8 ~ 14%; Mn:0.3 ~ 0.8%; Si:0.5 ~ 1.0%; Zr:0.02 ~ 0.06%; Hf:0.25 ~ 0.5%; Co: surplus.This invention by the processing mode cladding of laser melting coating on the last stage vane of steam turbine lost efficacy, form higher, anti-oxidant, corrosion-resistant, the erosive wear resistant of hardness, there is higher-strength and the cobalt base alloy coating of cladding superior performance, thus solve the technical barrier that last stage vane of steam turbine repairs.Chinese invention patent 201210164871.8 also discloses a kind of mill housing laser melting coating specific complex alloy material, comprises buffer layer material and functional layer material; Buffer layer material: C0.03-0.08%, Cu22-25%, Cr1.0-3.0%, Fe0.5-1.5%, Si1.5-2.5%, B0.6-1.6%, Ce0.2-0.6%, all the other are Ni; Functional layer material: C1.2-1.6%, Si1.0-1.5%, Cr28-32%, W8.0-10.0%, Ni3.0-4.5%, Fe2.0-3.0%, Hf0.2-0.6%, all the other are Co.This composite alloy material is the processing mode by laser melting coating, lost efficacy H profile steel milling train cast iron memorial archway working face on, formed hardness higher, anti-oxidant, corrosion-resistant, wear-resistant, there is higher-strength and the composite alloy cladding of cladding superior performance.Chinese invention patent CN102465293A also discloses a kind of laser melting coating restorative procedure with snakeskin line mould, it is characterized in that: comprise following processing step: mould is fixed on the table, the zone of oxidation on polishing die wear place surface, and be trimmed to the geometrical shape of rule, treat cladding region with acetone cleaning; Machine tool program is write in position according to cladding, setting processing parameter, starts laser apparatus cladding material and carries out cladding; Carry out colour check(test) after cooling and whether have crack defect, after qualified, cladding layer is polished; Snake skin is regenerated at the clad layer surface polished.This invention selects the silk material close with mold material as cladding material, guarantee that cladding area is even with non-cladding area Hardness Distribution, and the snake effect generated is the same.The distortion of laser melting coating rear mold is little, does not splash, do not affect the snakeskin line in other region in cladding process, and damaged zone filled by laser melting coating silk material can control the thickness of cladding layer well.Extend the mold use life-span, reduce production cost.
But above-mentioned laser melting and coating technique there is cladding layer and body material bonding strength is low, cladding layer easily occur crackle and cladding layer hardness low and wear no resistance wait deficiency.The present invention adopts optical fiber laser, on the body material of Cr12MoV steel, and the high-chromium wear-resistant alloy of laser melting coating high rigidity, cladding layer flawless, be good metallurgical binding with body material, microstructure of surface cladding layer is tiny, hardness is high, has good wear resistance and anti-fatigue performance.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention can realize by the following method.
1, massfraction 1.65%B is first used, 15%Cr, 1.5%Si, 0.15%C, Fe-Cr-B powder and WC powder, nickel coated graphite powder, high-carbon chromium iron and the vanadium iron powder of surplus Fe mix, wherein the particle size of powder is 100-120 μm, the massfraction that adds of Fe-Cr-B powder is 80-82%, the massfraction that adds of WC powder is 5.5-6.0%, the massfraction that adds of nickel coated graphite powder is 1.0-1.2%, the massfraction that adds of high-carbon chromium iron is 8-10%, and the massfraction that adds of vanadium iron powder is 2.5-3.5%.
2, by the above-mentioned powder mixed, utilize optical fiber laser, adopt synchronous powder feeding system method, the body material of Cr12MoV steel carries out laser melting coating, powder feeding rate 12-15 g/min, laser power is 2.0-2.5KW, sweep velocity is 4-6 mm/s, and the number of clad layers is 4-6 layer.Finally obtain surperficial flawless, be mingled with high-chromium wear-resistant Alloy by Laser cladding layer with pore and surfacing.
The chemical constitution massfraction %:60 ~ 65Cr of high carbon ferro-chrome described above, 6.8 ~ 7.5C ,≤3.0Si ,≤0.05S ,≤0.06P, Fe surplus.
The chemical constitution massfraction %:50.0-55V of vanadium iron described above ,≤2.0Si ,≤2.5Al ,≤0.05S ,≤0.05P ,≤0.1C, Fe surplus.
In nickel coated graphite powder as above, the massfraction of nickel is 60%.
Above-mentioned Fe-Cr-B powder has good fluidity, easily obtains flawless laser cladding layer.On this basis, add nickel coated graphite powder, high-carbon chromium iron and vanadium iron powder, mainly in order to obtain anti-abrasive hard tissue Cr
7c
3and VC, to improve the wear resistance of laser cladding layer.Add the WC powder of massfraction 5.5-6.0% further, the abrasion-resistive hard phase amount in laser cladding layer can be improved, for the wear resistance improving laser cladding layer, have a significant effect.
The present invention compared with prior art, has the following advantages:
(1) the high-chromium wear-resistant Alloy by Laser cladding layer prepared of the present invention, surperficial flawless, is mingled with and pore, and surfacing, be good metallurgical binding with body material.
(2) the present invention prepares high-chromium wear-resistant Alloy by Laser cladding layer to have hardness high, the features such as uniformity of hardness is good, its room temperature hardness 1020-1060HV, and surface hardness difference is less than 20HV,
(3) the present invention prepares high-chromium wear-resistant Alloy by Laser cladding layer, simple process, good stability.
(4) the high-chromium wear-resistant Alloy by Laser cladding layer prepared of the present invention, expensive alloying elements add-on is few, and preparation cost is low.
(5) the present invention prepare high-chromium wear-resistant Alloy by Laser cladding layer because of abrasion-resistive hard phase amount many, under identical abrasive conditions, its wear resistance improves 5-6 doubly than the Cr12MoV steel (its hardness is 60-62HRC) that quenching adds low-temperaturetempering.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the invention will be further described:
Embodiment 1:
A kind of laser melting coating prepares high-chromium wear-resistant alloy approach, and concrete technology step is as follows:
1) massfraction 1.65%B is first used, 15%Cr, 1.5%Si, 0.15%C, the Fe-Cr-B powder of surplus Fe and WC powder, the massfraction of nickel is the nickel coated graphite powder of 60%, massfraction 60%Cr, 7.5%C, 2.44%Si, 0.026%S, 0.038%P, the high-carbon chromium iron of surplus Fe and massfraction 55%V, 1.36%Si, 1.47%Al, 0.018%S, 0.030%P, 0.05%C, the vanadium iron powder of surplus Fe mixes, wherein the particle size of powder is 100-120 μm, the massfraction that adds of Fe-Cr-B powder is 80.8%, the massfraction that adds of WC powder is 5.5%, the massfraction that adds of nickel coated graphite powder is 1.2%, the massfraction that adds of high-carbon chromium iron is 10%, the massfraction that adds of vanadium iron powder is 2.5%.
2, by the above-mentioned powder mixed, utilize IPG YLR-6000 optical fiber laser, adopt synchronous powder feeding system method, the body material of Cr12MoV steel carries out laser melting coating, powder feeding rate 12 g/min, laser power is 2.5KW, sweep velocity is 4 mm/s, and the number of clad layers is 6 layers.Finally obtain surperficial flawless, be mingled with high-chromium wear-resistant Alloy by Laser cladding layer with pore and surfacing.Its surface hardness is 1035HV, and surface hardness difference is 18HV.
Embodiment 2:
A kind of laser melting coating prepares high-chromium wear-resistant alloy approach, and concrete technology step is as follows:
1) massfraction 1.65%B is first used, 15%Cr, 1.5%Si, 0.15%C, the Fe-Cr-B powder of surplus Fe and WC powder, the massfraction of nickel is the nickel coated graphite powder of 60%, massfraction 65%Cr, 6.8%C, 2.16%Si, 0.028%S, 0.041%P, the high-carbon chromium iron of surplus Fe and massfraction 50.0%V, 1.52%Si, 2.04%Al, 0.018%S, 0.033%P, 0.06%C, the vanadium iron powder of surplus Fe mixes, wherein the particle size of powder is 100-120 μm, the massfraction that adds of Fe-Cr-B powder is 81.5%, the massfraction that adds of WC powder is 6.0%, the massfraction that adds of nickel coated graphite powder is 1.0%, the massfraction that adds of high-carbon chromium iron is 8%, the massfraction that adds of vanadium iron powder is 3.5%.
2, by the above-mentioned powder mixed, utilize IPG YLR-6000 optical fiber laser, adopt synchronous powder feeding system method, the body material of Cr12MoV steel carries out laser melting coating, powder feeding rate 15 g/min, laser power is 2.0KW, sweep velocity is 6 mm/s, and the number of clad layers is 4 layers.Finally obtain surperficial flawless, be mingled with high-chromium wear-resistant Alloy by Laser cladding layer with pore and surfacing.Its surface hardness is 1046 HV, and surface hardness difference is 12 HV.
Embodiment 3:
A kind of laser melting coating prepares high-chromium wear-resistant alloy approach, and concrete technology step is as follows:
1) massfraction 1.65%B is first used, 15%Cr, 1.5%Si, 0.15%C, the Fe-Cr-B powder of surplus Fe and WC powder, the massfraction of nickel is the nickel coated graphite powder of 60%, massfraction 63.4%Cr, 7.2%C, 2.09%Si, 0.032%S, 0.054%P, the high-carbon chromium iron of surplus Fe and massfraction 51.8%V, 1.46%Si, 2.30%Al, 0.026%S, 0.031%P, 0.08%C, the vanadium iron powder of surplus Fe mixes, wherein the particle size of powder is 100-120 μm, the massfraction that adds of Fe-Cr-B powder is 81.1%, the massfraction that adds of WC powder is 5.8%, the massfraction that adds of nickel coated graphite powder is 1.1%, the massfraction that adds of high-carbon chromium iron is 9%, the massfraction that adds of vanadium iron powder is 3.0%.
2, by the above-mentioned powder mixed, utilize IPG YLR-6000 optical fiber laser, adopt synchronous powder feeding system method, the body material of Cr12MoV steel carries out laser melting coating, powder feeding rate 14 g/min, laser power is 2.3KW, sweep velocity is 5 mm/s, and the number of clad layers is 5 layers.Finally obtain surperficial flawless, be mingled with high-chromium wear-resistant Alloy by Laser cladding layer with pore and surfacing.Its surface hardness is 1037 HV, and surface hardness difference is 16 HV.
High-chromium wear-resistant Alloy by Laser cladding layer hardness of the present invention is high, and uniformity of hardness is good, and is good metallurgical binding with matrix.Wearing test on MM-200 type wear testing machine shows, under identical abrasive conditions, the Cr12MoV steel (its hardness is 60-62HRC) that its wear resistance adds low-temperaturetempering than quenching improves 5-6 doubly.
Claims (1)
1. laser melting coating prepares a high-chromium wear-resistant alloy approach, it is characterized in that step is as follows:
1. first mix with Fe-Cr-B powder and WC powder, nickel coated graphite powder, high-carbon chromium iron and vanadium iron powder, wherein the particle size of powder is 100-120 μm, the massfraction that adds of Fe-Cr-B powder is 80-82%, the massfraction that adds of WC powder is 5.5-6.0%, the massfraction that adds of nickel coated graphite powder is 1.0-1.2%, the massfraction that adds of high-carbon chromium iron is 8-10%, and the massfraction that adds of vanadium iron powder is 2.5-3.5%;
2. by the above-mentioned powder mixed, utilize optical fiber laser, adopt synchronous powder feeding system method, the body material of Cr12MoV steel carries out laser melting coating, powder feeding rate 12-15g/min, laser power is 2.0-2.5KW, sweep velocity is 4-6mm/s, and the number of clad layers is 4-6 layer;
The chemical constitution massfraction %:1.65B of Fe-Cr-B powder, 15Cr, 1.5Si, 0.15C, surplus Fe;
The chemical constitution massfraction %:60 ~ 65Cr of high carbon ferro-chrome, 6.8 ~ 7.5C ,≤3.0Si ,≤0.05S ,≤0.06P, Fe surplus;
The chemical constitution massfraction %:50.0-55V of vanadium iron ,≤2.0Si ,≤2.5Al ,≤0.05S ,≤0.05P ,≤0.1C, Fe surplus;
In nickel coated graphite powder, the massfraction of nickel is 60%.
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| CN104451668A (en) * | 2014-12-12 | 2015-03-25 | 广西科技大学 | Cr12MoV steel laser-cladded iron-based alloy |
| CN104962853A (en) * | 2015-06-10 | 2015-10-07 | 马鞍山市兴隆铸造有限公司 | Iron-based high-chromium ceramic composite surface metallurgical coating for ship lateral plate and preparation method of coating |
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| CN115537803A (en) * | 2022-10-09 | 2022-12-30 | 广东粤科新材料科技有限公司 | WC-Ni wear-resistant coating on surface of 316L stainless steel and preparation method thereof |
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| WO2007002017A1 (en) * | 2005-06-20 | 2007-01-04 | Praxair S.T. Technology, Inc. | Laser cladding on low heat resistant substrates |
| BRPI1101402A2 (en) * | 2011-03-29 | 2013-06-04 | Mahle Metal Leve Sa | sliding element |
| CN102251183B (en) * | 2011-07-12 | 2012-10-24 | 北京工业大学 | Boron-containing high-chromium wear-resistant alloy and preparation method thereof |
| CN102912240B (en) * | 2012-10-25 | 2014-05-07 | 北京工业大学 | Method for preparing high-boron wear resisting alloy through laser cladding |
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Application publication date: 20130807 Assignee: CHANGZHOU LI'AN HYDRAULIC EQUIPMENT Co.,Ltd. Assignor: Beijing University of Technology Contract record no.: 2016320000125 Denomination of invention: Method for preparing high-chromium wear-resistant alloy through laser cladding Granted publication date: 20150304 License type: Exclusive License Record date: 20160323 |
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