CN111455373A - Preparation method of high-thermal-conductivity high-temperature-resistant composite copper alloy heat dissipation material - Google Patents
Preparation method of high-thermal-conductivity high-temperature-resistant composite copper alloy heat dissipation material Download PDFInfo
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- CN111455373A CN111455373A CN202010206850.2A CN202010206850A CN111455373A CN 111455373 A CN111455373 A CN 111455373A CN 202010206850 A CN202010206850 A CN 202010206850A CN 111455373 A CN111455373 A CN 111455373A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
- C23C24/08—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat
- C23C24/10—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat with intermediate formation of a liquid phase in the layer
- C23C24/103—Coating with metallic material, i.e. metals or metal alloys, optionally comprising hard particles, e.g. oxides, carbides or nitrides
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
- B22F1/16—Metallic particles coated with a non-metal
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
- B22F1/17—Metallic particles coated with metal
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
- B22F9/04—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from solid material, e.g. by crushing, grinding or milling
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/0068—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for particular articles not mentioned below
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C32/00—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ
- C22C32/0047—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with carbides, nitrides, borides or silicides as the main non-metallic constituents
- C22C32/0052—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with carbides, nitrides, borides or silicides as the main non-metallic constituents only carbides
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C9/00—Alloys based on copper
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
- B22F9/04—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from solid material, e.g. by crushing, grinding or milling
- B22F2009/043—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from solid material, e.g. by crushing, grinding or milling by ball milling
Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of a high-heat-conductivity high-temperature-resistant composite copper alloy heat dissipation material, which mainly comprises the following steps: raw material selection, powder mixing prefabrication, surface cladding and machining, and the method mainly comprises the following components: a second element and atomized copper powder, wherein the second element is 4-11 wt% of WC, 4-10 wt% of TiC, 5-7 wt% of VC or 5-14 wt% of Cr2Any one of Nb; putting the weighed pure copper powder and the second element into an atmosphere protection ball mill for ball millingThe mixed powder is filled into powder feeding type laser cladding equipment for surface cladding, and the preparation is completed through mechanical finish machining, so that the high-heat-conductivity and high-temperature-resistant copper alloy designed and developed by the invention has the characteristics of no softening deformation during working at a high temperature below 900 ℃, has good heat dissipation performance, can ensure the high-temperature structural strength, has excellent heat dissipation performance, and is suitable for wide popularization.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of non-ferrous metal material manufacturing, in particular to a preparation method of a high-heat-conductivity high-temperature-resistant composite copper alloy heat dissipation material.
Background
Pure copper and copper alloy are applied to heat dissipation aspects such as steam turbines, boilers, airplane nozzles and the like due to the characteristics of excellent electric conductivity, heat conduction, corrosion resistance, toughness and the like, but the copper alloy has lower softening temperature, can cause softening deformation when working in a high-temperature environment for a long time, cannot ensure the original design structure, and has potential safety hazard. In order to solve the existing problems of high-temperature heat dissipation copper alloys, the invention provides a preparation method of a high-heat-conduction high-temperature-resistant composite copper alloy.
At present, the heat dissipation copper alloy material working in a high-temperature working environment mainly adopts a method of regularly replacing a copper alloy radiating fin or sacrificing a part of heat dissipation performance and adopting materials such as chromium-zirconium-copper, copper-chromium-niobium and the like to maintain the high-temperature strength characteristic. However, the high temperature resistant working environment of chromium zirconium copper is above 600 ℃, the chromium zirconium copper cannot be used at higher temperature, and the cost of copper chromium niobium is high, so that the cost requirement cannot be met.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a preparation method of a high-heat-conductivity high-temperature-resistant composite copper alloy heat dissipation material.
The technical points of the invention are as follows:
a preparation method of a high-thermal-conductivity high-temperature-resistant composite copper alloy heat dissipation material mainly comprises the following steps:
s1, selecting the raw materials for preparing the high-heat-conductivity high-temperature-resistant composite heat-dissipation copper material, which mainly comprise: pure copper powder with the powder granularity of less than 50 mu m and the sphericity of more than 80 percent and a second element for improving the high temperature resistance of the composite copper alloy, wherein the second element is 4 to 11 weight percent of WC, 4 to 10 weight percent of TiC, 5 to 7 weight percent of VC or 5 to 14 weight percent of Cr2And the selected second elements are high-temperature resistant materials, and after being added into copper, the selected second elements are wrapped on the surface of copper powder by nano crystal grains. Meanwhile, a small amount of nano particles are added, and the influence on the electric conduction and the heat dissipation of copper is small.
S2, powder mixing and prefabricating: putting the weighed pure copper powder and the second element into an atmosphere protection ball mill, and setting the ball milling time to be 3-8 h;
s3, surface cladding, namely, filling the mixed powder in the S2 into powder feeding type laser cladding equipment, prefabricating a radiator to be placed on a base station, vacuumizing the powder feeding type laser cladding equipment to be below 1000Pa, carrying out cladding work on a high-temperature contact surface of the radiator according to a 3D modeling pattern established by UG, setting laser power between 3 KW and 20KW, setting a stepping linear speed to be 3m/min, setting a step pitch to be 0.1-1mm, setting a powder feeding amount to be 1-500g/min, setting a protective gas amount to be 5-100L/min, and setting cladding thickness of each layer to be 0.1-1mm, so that the prefabricated composite copper alloy heat dissipation material is obtained, and during the cladding process, cladding is easy to cause cladding due to thermal stress between layers because of overlarge thickness, the efficiency is low, and a substrate of a lower layer is fused, so that the cladding thickness is set to be optimal between 0.1-1 mm.
S4, machining: the prefabricated composite copper alloy heat dissipation material is subjected to heat treatment, and the heat treatment process comprises the following steps: the heat treatment temperature is 400-800 ℃, the heat preservation time is 2-4 hours, after the heat treatment is finished, the high-heat-conductivity high-temperature-resistant composite copper alloy heat dissipation material can be obtained through finish machining, and during laser cladding, residual stress exists in the material structure due to excessive cooling speed, so that the material is easy to deform, and the internal stress can be favorably removed by carrying out heat treatment on the material.
Furthermore, the pure copper powder in S1 is atomized copper powder obtained by supersonic atomizing of the copper material, and the atomized copper powder obtained by supersonic atomizing is finer and more delicate, and can exert the characteristics thereof, so that the prepared copper alloy has higher quality.
Furthermore, the atomized copper powder has a particle size of 70 μm or less, and the atomized copper powder having a particle size of 70 μm or less has a high performance, a high sintering activity and a more developed surface.
Furthermore, in S2, the ball-to-material ratio is set to be 1-5% during powder mixing, so that the nano ceramic powder and the copper powder are fully and uniformly mixed.
Further, the radiator in S3 is processed by pure copper, and the cladding size requirement of the surface of 3-10mm is reserved to ensure enough operation space.
Further, the second elements WC, TiC, VC and Cr2The granularity of the Nb powder is 500nm-5 mu m, so that the Nb powder is mixed more uniformly and the proportioning is more accurate, and the material performance of the prefabricated composite copper alloy heat dissipation material can be improved.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
firstly, the invention adopts atomized copper powder and second elements WC, TiC, VC and Cr2Nb, wherein the second elements are high-temperature-resistant ceramic materials, and after being added into copper, the Nb can be wrapped on the surface of copper powder by nano-crystalline grains, and through research, the ceramic materials are not mutually dissolved with Cu, so that the recrystallization growth of the copper at high temperature can be prevented, and the copper alloy quality can be improvedThe softening temperature, i.e. the high temperature resistance, is good. Meanwhile, a small amount of nano particles are added, and the influence on the electric conduction and the heat dissipation of copper is small.
Secondly, the invention improves the use requirement of the high-strength and high-conductivity copper alloy in a high-temperature working environment, and the high-heat-conductivity and high-temperature-resistant composite heat-dissipation copper prepared by the invention has the characteristic that the high-heat-conductivity and high-temperature-resistant copper alloy does not soften and deform when working at a high temperature of below 900 ℃, so that the structural strength under the high-temperature condition can be ensured.
Thirdly, cladding is carried out on the high-temperature contact surface of the radiator, the radiator is processed by pure copper, the cladding size requirement of the surface of 3-10mm is reserved, and compared with the prior art, the radiator has better heat dissipation performance.
Fourthly, the conductivity of the copper composite heat dissipation element prepared by the steps of the invention and the high-temperature contact surface reaches more than 80% IACS, and the softening temperature can reach 700-.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the steps of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a CuWc prepared by the method of example one8X100 times of gold phase diagram of the high-temperature resistant copper alloy material.
Detailed Description
The first embodiment is as follows:
a preparation method of a high-thermal-conductivity high-temperature-resistant composite copper alloy heat dissipation material mainly comprises the following steps:
s1, selecting the raw materials for preparing the high-heat-conductivity high-temperature-resistant composite heat-dissipation copper material, which mainly comprise: mixing pure copper powder with the powder granularity of below 50 mu m and the sphericity of more than 80 percent with a second element for improving the high temperature resistance of the composite copper alloy by 8 weight percent Wc;
s2, powder mixing and prefabricating: putting the weighed pure copper powder and the second element WC into an atmosphere protection ball mill, and setting the ball milling time to be 5;
and S3, performing surface cladding, namely filling the mixed powder in the S2 into powder feeding type laser cladding equipment, prefabricating a radiator and placing the radiator on a base station, vacuumizing the powder feeding type laser cladding equipment to 800Pa, performing cladding work on a high-temperature contact surface of the radiator according to a 3D modeling pattern established by UG, setting the laser power at 12Kw, setting the stepping linear speed at 3m/min, setting the step pitch at 0.5mm, setting the powder feeding amount at 200g/min, setting the protective gas amount at 45L/min, and setting the cladding thickness of each layer at 0.4mm to obtain the prefabricated composite copper alloy heat dissipation material.
S4, machining: carrying out heat treatment on the prefabricated radiator, wherein the heat treatment process comprises the following steps: the heat treatment temperature is 600 ℃, the heat preservation is carried out for 3 hours, and after the heat treatment is finished, the high-heat-conductivity high-temperature-resistant composite copper alloy heat dissipation material can be obtained through finish machining.
The pure copper powder in the S1 is atomized copper powder obtained by supersonic atomizing of copper material by adopting finer copper powder.
The atomized copper powder has a particle size of 55 μm.
In S2, the ball material ratio is set to 3% during powder mixing, so that the nano ceramic powder and the copper powder are fully and uniformly mixed.
The radiator in S3 is processed by pure copper, and the cladding size requirement of 8mm surface is reserved.
The particle size of the second element WC powder is 800 nm.
And selecting the prepared high-temperature-resistant copper alloy material to make a related performance parameter table 1.
Table 1: the composite copper alloy heat dissipation material prepared by the embodiment has relevant performance parameters
Example two:
the difference from the first embodiment is that the second element added in this embodiment is Cr2Nb, the content of which is 12 wt%, and the powder particle size is 800 nm.
The high temperature resistant copper alloy material prepared from the components selected in the embodiment is selected to make the relevant performance parameters shown in the table 2.
Table 2: the composite copper alloy heat dissipation material prepared by the embodiment has the following relevant performance parameters:
example three:
the difference from the second example is that the second element added in this example is 6 wt% Cr2Nb。
The high temperature resistant copper alloy material prepared from the components selected in the present example was selected to make the relevant performance parameters table 3.
Table 3: the high temperature resistant copper alloy material prepared by the embodiment has the following relevant performance parameters:
example four:
the difference from the third example is that the second element added in this example is 5 wt% Tic.
The high temperature resistant copper alloy material prepared from the components selected in the present example was selected to make the relevant performance parameters table 4.
Table 4: the high temperature resistant copper alloy material prepared by the embodiment has the following relevant performance parameters:
example five:
the difference from the fourth example is that the second element added in this example is 6 wt% Vc.
The high temperature resistant copper alloy material prepared from the selected components of this example was selected to make the relevant performance parameters table 5.
Table 5: the high temperature resistant copper alloy material prepared by the embodiment has the following relevant performance parameters:
example six:
the difference from the fifth example is that Wc, which is the second element added in this example, is 4 wt% and the powder particle size is 800 nm.
The high temperature resistant copper alloy material prepared from the components selected in the embodiment is selected to make the relevant performance parameters shown in the table 2.
Table 6: the composite copper alloy heat dissipation material prepared by the embodiment has the following relevant performance parameters:
the data of the above examples and tables 1-6 show that the composite copper alloy heat sink material CuCr prepared in example two8Nb4The comprehensive material performance is optimal, CuWc4Its conductivity is optimum, CuW c8The softening temperature of (a) is highest.
Claims (6)
1. A preparation method of a high-thermal-conductivity high-temperature-resistant composite copper alloy heat dissipation material is characterized by mainly comprising the following steps:
s1, selecting the raw materials for preparing the high-heat-conductivity high-temperature-resistant composite heat-dissipation copper material, which mainly comprise: pure copper powder with the powder granularity of less than 50 mu m and the sphericity of more than 80 percent and a second element for improving the high temperature resistance of the composite copper alloy, wherein the second element is 4 to 11 weight percent of WC, 4 to 10 weight percent of TiC, 5 to 7 weight percent of VC or 5 to 14 weight percent of Cr2Any one of Nb;
s2, powder mixing and prefabricating: putting the weighed pure copper powder and the second element into an atmosphere protection ball mill for 3-8 h;
and S3, performing surface cladding, namely filling the mixed powder in the S2 into powder feeding type laser cladding equipment, prefabricating a radiator and placing the radiator on a base station, vacuumizing the powder feeding type laser cladding equipment to be below 1000Pa, performing cladding work on a high-temperature contact surface of the radiator according to a 3D modeling pattern established by UG, setting the laser power between 3 and 20KW, setting the stepping linear speed to be 3m/min, setting the step pitch to be 0.1 to 1mm, setting the powder feeding amount to be 1 to 500g/min, setting the protective gas amount to be 5 to 100L/min, and setting the cladding thickness of each layer to be 0.1 to 1mm to obtain the prefabricated composite copper alloy heat dissipation material.
S4, machining: the prefabricated composite copper alloy heat dissipation material is subjected to heat treatment, and the heat treatment process comprises the following steps: the heat treatment temperature is 400-800 ℃, the heat preservation time is 2-4 hours, and after the heat treatment is finished, the high-heat-conductivity high-temperature-resistant composite copper alloy heat dissipation material can be obtained through finish machining.
2. The method for preparing the composite copper alloy heat dissipation material with high thermal conductivity and high temperature resistance as claimed in claim 1, wherein the pure copper powder in S1 is atomized copper powder obtained by supersonic atomization of a copper material.
3. The method for preparing the composite copper alloy heat dissipation material with high thermal conductivity and high temperature resistance as claimed in claim 2, wherein the particle size of the atomized copper powder is below 70 μm.
4. The method for preparing a high-thermal-conductivity high-temperature-resistant composite copper alloy heat dissipation material as recited in claim 1, wherein a ball-to-material ratio is set to be 1-5% in S2 when powder mixing is performed.
5. The preparation method of the high-thermal-conductivity high-temperature-resistant composite copper alloy heat dissipation material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the radiator in S3 is processed by pure copper, and the requirement of 3-10mm surface cladding size is reserved.
6. The method for preparing the composite copper alloy heat dissipation material with high thermal conductivity and high temperature resistance as claimed in claim 1, wherein the second element is WC or TiC or VC or Cr2The Nb powder has the granularity of 500nm-5 microns.
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| CN202010206850.2A CN111455373A (en) | 2020-03-23 | 2020-03-23 | Preparation method of high-thermal-conductivity high-temperature-resistant composite copper alloy heat dissipation material |
| PCT/CN2020/118474 WO2021189797A1 (en) | 2020-03-23 | 2020-09-28 | Preparation method for high-thermal-conductivity and high-temperature-resistant composite copper alloy heat dissipation material |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113215432A (en) * | 2021-04-23 | 2021-08-06 | 广东省科学院材料与加工研究所 | Nano silicon carbide particle reinforced copper-based spherical metal powder suitable for 3D printing and preparation method thereof |
| CN113718247A (en) * | 2021-09-09 | 2021-11-30 | 中国人民解放军陆军装甲兵学院 | Plasma cladding repair method for copper alloy damaged part |
| CN116145130A (en) * | 2023-01-09 | 2023-05-23 | 北京科技大学 | Method for preparing pure copper coating by adopting laser cladding, base material and storage tank |
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| CN114438489B (en) * | 2021-12-24 | 2023-11-28 | 西安陕鼓动力股份有限公司 | Laser cladding anti-corrosion wear-resistant coating on surface of TRT blade, preparation method and TRT blade |
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| CN113215432A (en) * | 2021-04-23 | 2021-08-06 | 广东省科学院材料与加工研究所 | Nano silicon carbide particle reinforced copper-based spherical metal powder suitable for 3D printing and preparation method thereof |
| CN113718247A (en) * | 2021-09-09 | 2021-11-30 | 中国人民解放军陆军装甲兵学院 | Plasma cladding repair method for copper alloy damaged part |
| CN113718247B (en) * | 2021-09-09 | 2024-02-02 | 中国人民解放军陆军装甲兵学院 | Plasma cladding repair method for copper alloy damaged part |
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