CN105002492A - Method for preparing ceramic particle enhanced metal matrix composite coating in laser cladding mode through asynchronous powder feeding method - Google Patents
Method for preparing ceramic particle enhanced metal matrix composite coating in laser cladding mode through asynchronous powder feeding method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for preparing a ceramic particle enhanced metal matrix composite coating in a laser cladding mode through an asynchronous powder feeding method. A lateral powder feeding nozzle is fixed to one coaxial powder feeding nozzle and assembled into an asynchronous powder feeding nozzle; the lateral powder feeding nozzle is used for feeding ceramic particle enhancing phases into the portion between the middle portion and the tail portion of the side, opposite to the laser scanning direction, of a molten pool; the coaxial powder feeding nozzles are used for feeding alloy powder or metal ceramic composite powder to the center of the molten pool; a laser device is used for conducting laser cladding, and then the ceramic particle enhanced metal matrix composite coating is obtained. According to the method, the coaxial powder feeding method and the lateral powder feeding method are combined, the ceramic particle enhancing phases are fed into the low-temperature region at the rear portion of the molten pool, so that the phenomena of nonuniformity of melting decomposition, clustering and distribution of the ceramic particle enhancing phases are reduced, and the ceramic particle enhancing phases are evenly distributed in the whole coating by keeping the original appearance to the maximum extent; accordingly, the ceramic particle enhancing phases are effectively retained and evenly distributed, and the performance of the composite coating can be substantially improved.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of laser processing, relate to the asynchronous powder-feeding method of a kind of new automatic powder feeding system of laser melting coating, particularly asynchronous powder-feeding method prepares ceramic particle reinforced metal base compound coating.
Background technology
The automatic powder feeding system of current laser melting coating is mainly divided into prefabricated coating, coaxial powder-feeding method and side direction powder-feeding method.Prefabricated coating technique is simple, flexible operation, to powder flowbility no requirement (NR), but coat-thickness is difficult to accurate control when preparing ceramic particle reinforced metal base compound coating, thinning ratio is larger, pore is more, and there is ceramic particle fusing in cladding layer and decompose phenomenon that is serious and skewness, directly affects coating performance.Compared with prefabricated coating, it is simple that coaxial powder-feeding method and side direction powder-feeding method have technical process, coat-thickness, thinning ratio are controlled and be convenient to the advantages such as automatic production, but in ceramic particle reinforced metal base compound coating preparation process, still occur that serious and that size distribution is uneven phenomenon is decomposed in ceramic particle scaling loss and fusing, and ceramic particle and powdered alloy interact and affect powder feeding efficiency in powder feeding process, so that the cladding layer that coating hardness is prepared than coating prefabricated under the same terms is low, greatly reduce the performance of coating.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of method utilizing asynchronous powder-feeding method to carry out laser melting coating to prepare ceramic particle reinforced metal base compound coating, coaxial powder-feeding mouth and side direction powder-feeding mouth combine by the method, the fusing decomposition of ceramic particle reinforced phase and segregation and skewness phenomenon can be reduced, make ceramic particle reinforced phase keep original pattern to greatest extent and be evenly distributed in the middle of whole coating, increasing substantially the performance of coating.
For achieving the above object, the technical solution used in the present invention is:
The method utilizing asynchronous powder-feeding method to carry out laser melting coating to prepare ceramic particle reinforced metal base compound coating, comprises the following steps:
Step one: be fixed on by side direction powder-feeding mouth on coaxial powder-feeding mouth and be assembled into asynchronous powder-feeding mouth, wherein side direction powder-feeding mouth is fixed on the side contrary with laser scanning direction;
Step 2: powdered alloy or metal-ceramic composite powder end are sent into coaxial powder-feeding mouth, ceramic particle reinforced phase is sent into side direction powder-feeding mouth;
Step 3: by regulating angle and the position of side direction powder-feeding mouth, ceramic particle reinforced phase is sent to by side direction powder-feeding mouth and the middle part in laser scanning direction opposite side molten bath to the position between afterbody, by coaxial powder-feeding mouth, powdered alloy or metal-ceramic composite powder end are sent into molten bath central authorities simultaneously, use laser apparatus to carry out laser melting coating, obtain ceramic particle reinforced metal base compound coating.
Powdered alloy in described step 2 is the powdered alloy of iron-based, cobalt-based, Ni-based, copper base, titanium base, magnesium base, aluminium base or intermetallic compound base, and the particle diameter of powdered alloy is 0.1 ~ 500 micron.
Metal-powder contained in metal-ceramic composite powder end in described step 2 is the powdered alloy of iron-based, cobalt-based, Ni-based, copper base, titanium base, magnesium base, aluminium base or intermetallic compound base, and ceramic particle contained in metal-ceramic composite powder end is the mixture of a kind of or arbitrary proportion in carbide, nitride, boride and ceramic oxide particle; The particle diameter of ceramic particle contained in metal-ceramic composite powder end is 0.1 ~ 500 micron, and massfraction is 0.1 ~ 70%; The particle diameter of metal-powder contained in metal-ceramic composite powder end is 0.1 ~ 500 micron, and massfraction is 30 ~ 99.9%.
Ceramic particle reinforced phase in described step 2 is ceramic powder or the ceramic metal composite powder containing metal-powder.
Described ceramic powder is the mixture of single stupalith or two kinds and two or more stupaliths, and ceramic powder contained in ceramic metal composite powder is the mixture of single stupalith or two kinds and two or more stupaliths.
Described ceramic powder is the mixture of a kind of or arbitrary proportion in carbide, nitride, boride and ceramic oxide particle; The particle diameter of ceramic powder is 0.1 ~ 500 micron.
Ceramic powder contained in described ceramic metal composite powder is the mixture of a kind of or arbitrary proportion in carbide, nitride, boride and ceramic oxide particle, and metal-powder contained in ceramic metal composite powder is the powdered alloy of iron-based, cobalt-based, Ni-based, copper base, titanium base, magnesium base, aluminium base or intermetallic compound base; The particle diameter of ceramic powder contained in ceramic metal composite powder is 0.1 ~ 500 micron, and massfraction is 70 ~ 99.9%; The particle diameter of metal-powder contained in ceramic metal composite powder is 0.1 ~ 500 micron, and massfraction is 0.1 ~ 30%.
The shape of the ceramic particle reinforced phase in described step 2 is spherical, subsphaeroidal, polygon or other irregular profiles.
In described step 3, the powder feeding angle of side direction powder-feeding mouth is 20 ~ 70 °, and the height in the meal outlet distance molten bath of side direction powder-feeding mouth is 2 ~ 20mm.
The laser apparatus adopted during laser melting coating in described step 3 is carbon dioxide laser; its power is 100W ~ 10kW; sweep velocity is 50 ~ 600mm/min; defocusing amount is 0 ~ 30mm, and the powder sending quantity of coaxial powder-feeding mouth is 2 ~ 10r/min, and carrier gas flux is 1 ~ 10L/min; the powder sending quantity of side direction powder-feeding mouth is 2 ~ 10r/min; carrier gas flux is 1 ~ 10L/min, and protection atmospheric pressure 0.01 ~ 1MPa, protection gas and carrier gas are rare gas element.
Relative to prior art, the present invention has following beneficial effect:
The method utilizing asynchronous powder-feeding method to carry out laser melting coating to prepare ceramic particle reinforced metal base compound coating provided by the invention, side direction powder-feeding mouth is fixed on coaxial powder-feeding mouth and is assembled into asynchronous powder-feeding mouth, by side direction powder-feeding mouth ceramic particle reinforced phase is sent to and the middle part in laser scanning direction opposite side molten bath to the position between afterbody, by coaxial powder-feeding mouth, powdered alloy or metal-ceramic composite powder end are sent into molten bath central authorities simultaneously, use laser apparatus to carry out laser melting coating, obtain ceramic particle reinforced metal base compound coating.The asynchronous powder-feeding method that the present invention adopts is combined at coaxial powder-feeding method and side direction powder-feeding method, by side direction powder-feeding mouth, ceramic particle reinforced phase is sent to molten bath Background Region, because molten bath rear part temperature is lower, setting rate is very fast, the fusing significantly decreasing ceramic particle reinforced phase is decomposed, make ceramic particle reinforced phase have little time or float just to be set in the middle of coating, reach and effectively retain and the object of dispersed ceramic particle reinforced phase, original pattern of ceramic particle reinforced phase is kept to be evenly distributed in the middle of whole coating to greatest extent, reduce segregation and the skewness phenomenon of ceramic particle reinforced phase, the performance of compound coating can be increased substantially.The present invention utilizes asynchronous powder-feeding method to carry out laser melting coating to prepare ceramic particle reinforced metal base compound coating, and asynchronous powder-feeding method technical process is simple, and flexible operation, coat-thickness and thinning ratio easily control, and are applicable to large-scale industrial production.Interact affect the phenomenon of powder feeding efficiency owing to there is not ceramic particle reinforced phase and powdered alloy in coaxial powder-feeding process, therefore compared with coaxial powder-feeding method, the powder using efficiency of asynchronous powder-feeding method can reach more than 95%, has good economic benefit.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of the asynchronous powder-feeding method that the present invention adopts.
Fig. 2 is the macro morphology of the WC ceramic particle enhancing Ni base Alloy Composite Coating that the embodiment of the present invention 1 obtains.
Fig. 3 is that the WC ceramic particle that the embodiment of the present invention 1 obtains strengthens the section structure that Ni base Alloy Composite Coating (a) the WC ceramic particle standby with coaxial powder-feeding legal system strengthens Ni base Alloy Composite Coating (b).
Fig. 4 is the Cr that the embodiment of the present invention 2 obtains
3c
2ceramic particle strengthens the macro morphology of Ni base Alloy Composite Coating.
Fig. 5 is the Cr that the embodiment of the present invention 2 obtains
3c
2ceramic particle strengthens Ni base Alloy Composite Coating (a) Cr standby with coaxial powder-feeding legal system
3c
2ceramic particle strengthens the section structure of Ni base Alloy Composite Coating (b).
Embodiment
Below the present invention is further elaborated.
The invention provides a kind of new laser melting coating new automatic powder feeding system-asynchronous powder-feeding method, combine by coaxial powder-feeding mouth and side direction powder-feeding mouth, molten bath central authorities are sent powdered alloy or containing the metal-ceramic composite powder end of a small amount of fine particle ceramic particle into by coaxial powder-feeding mouth, by side direction powder-feeding mouth by diffluent or labile ceramic powder relatively high or lower for density or the rear part temperature lower region sending into molten bath containing the metal ceramic powder of this pottery, according to high density ceramic settling character, the dissolution characteristics of soluble pottery, the easy resolution characteristic decomposing pottery, molten bath size, bath temperature, molten bath viscosity and molten bath coagulating property etc. determine that side direction powder-feeding mouth sends into the particular location in molten bath, cladding obtains the coating of even compact, the fusing decomposition of ceramic particle and segregation and skewness phenomenon can be reduced by asynchronous powder feeding, make ceramic particle reinforced phase keep original pattern to greatest extent and be evenly distributed in the middle of whole coating, effectively retain and the object of dispersed ceramic particle to reach, the performance of coating can be increased substantially.
Side direction powder-feeding mouth is fixed on the side contrary with laser scanning direction, makes side direction powder-feeding mouth powder is sent to the rear portion with laser scanning direction opposite side molten bath; Can determine that side direction powder-feeding mouth sends into the particular location in molten bath by regulating the angle of side direction powder-feeding mouth and side direction powder-feeding mouth to the distance in molten bath; The side direction powder-feeding mouth particular location sent in molten bath is subject to the impact of multiple factors such as ceramic natural characteristics, molten bath size, bath temperature, molten bath viscosity, molten bath coagulating property, can test the optimum position obtained in side direction powder-feeding mouth feeding molten bath by limited number of time.Dystectic fine particle ceramic powder generally not easily melts and sinks to the bottom, therefore short grained ceramic powder can by with powdered alloy premix after, overall by coaxial powder-feeding mouth feeding molten bath, but massfraction is not easily too high, generally be no more than 70%, otherwise there will be coating with matrix in conjunction with poor situation.
The particle diameter of ceramic particle reinforced phase is between 0.1 to 500 microns; Density can be the density being greater than powdered alloy also can be the density being less than or equal to powdered alloy; Can be single pure ceramic particle, also can be the mixture of two or more ceramic particle, also can be the metal ceramic powder containing ceramic particle; The shape of ceramic particle can be spherical, also can be subsphaeroidal, polygon or other irregular profiles.The metallic matrix of compound coating of preparation can be traditional iron-based, cobalt-based, the self-fluxing alloyed powder such as Ni-based, also can be the powdered alloy of the copper base of development research at present, titanium base, magnesium base, aluminium base and intermetallic compound base etc.
Asynchronous powder-feeding method technical process is simple, and flexible operation, coat-thickness and thinning ratio easily control, and are applicable to large-scale industrial production.Interact affect the phenomenon of powder feeding efficiency owing to there is not ceramic powder wild phase and powdered alloy in coaxial powder-feeding process, therefore compared with coaxial powder-feeding method, asynchronous powder-feeding method powder using efficiency can reach more than 95%.
Be below the specific embodiment provided, it should be noted that, these embodiments are the present invention's preferably examples, understand the present invention for those skilled in the art, but the present invention is not limited to these embodiments.
Embodiment 1:
Asynchronous powder-feeding method is prepared WC ceramic particle and is strengthened Ni base Alloy Composite Coating:
(1) select 304 stainless steels as the matrix of laser melting coating, matrix is of a size of 30mm × 50mm × 3mm, first clean with acetone before using, sandblasting is carried out again with 100 object Brown Alundum, sandblasting angle is 90 degree (vertical sandblastings), after sandblasting, then clean with acetone, and drying and processing is for subsequent use.
(2) Ni base alloy powder and WC ceramic particle (polygon) are placed in blast drier and carry out drying and processing, temperature is 100 DEG C, and blower fan is opened, and the time is 120 minutes.Wherein the granularity of Ni base alloy powder is 70 ~ 80 μm, and the mean particle size of WC ceramic particle is 50 μm.
(3) be fixed on coaxial powder-feeding mouth by side direction powder-feeding mouth and be assembled into asynchronous powder-feeding mouth, wherein side direction powder-feeding mouth is fixed on the side (see Fig. 1) contrary with laser scanning direction.
(4) Ni base alloy powder and WC ceramic particle are put into two powder feeders respectively, make the powder feeder that Ni base alloy powder is housed connect coaxial powder-feeding mouth, the powder feeder connection side of WC ceramic particle is housed to powder-feeding mouth.
(5) by regulating the angle of side direction powder-feeding mouth and position, (the powder feeding angle of side direction powder-feeding mouth is 50 °, the height in the meal outlet distance molten bath of side direction powder-feeding mouth is 5mm), WC ceramic particle is sent to the middle part in laser scanning direction opposite side molten bath to afterbody 1/2nd place by side direction powder-feeding mouth, by coaxial powder-feeding mouth, Ni base alloy powder is sent into molten bath central authorities simultaneously, use laser apparatus to carry out laser melting coating, obtain WC ceramic particle and strengthen Ni base Alloy Composite Coating.Wherein select carbon dioxide laser during laser melting coating; its power is 1.5kW; sweep velocity 150mm/min; defocusing amount 18mm, Ni base alloy powder powder sending quantity 4r/min, carrier gas flux 4L/min; WC ceramic particle powder sending quantity 8r/min; carrier gas flux 6L/min, protection atmospheric pressure 0.1MPa, protection gas and carrier gas are argon gas.
The macro morphology of the WC ceramic particle enhancing Ni base Alloy Composite Coating that embodiment 1 is obtained as shown in Figure 2, its section structure is as shown in Fig. 3 (a), as can be seen from SEM photo, the WC ceramic particle obtained with coaxial powder-feeding method strengthens compared with Ni base Alloy Composite Coating Fig. 3 (b) that (coaxial powder-feeding method is under the same conditions as example 1, via coaxial powder-feeding mouth powder feeding together with after Ni base alloy powder is mixed with WC ceramic particle, obtain through laser melting coating again), the WC ceramic particle that the WC ceramic particle that the present invention obtains strengthens in Ni base Alloy Composite Coating is evenly distributed in whole coating, greatly reduce fusing decomposition and the segregation of WC ceramic particle and sink to the bottom phenomenon.Through micro-hardness testing, the average hardness that the WC ceramic particle that the present invention obtains strengthens Ni base Alloy Composite Coating is 1128HV
0.2, compare with coaxial powder-feeding method with prefabricated coating, significantly improve coating hardness.
Embodiment 2:
Asynchronous powder-feeding method prepares Cr
3c
2ceramic particle strengthens Ni base Alloy Composite Coating:
(1) select 304 stainless steels as the matrix of laser melting coating, matrix is of a size of 30mm × 50mm × 3mm, first clean with acetone before using, sandblasting is carried out again with 100 object Brown Alundum, sandblasting angle is 90 degree (vertical sandblastings), after sandblasting, then clean with acetone, and drying and processing is for subsequent use.
(2) by Ni base alloy powder and Cr
3c
2ceramic powder (polygon) is placed in blast drier and carries out drying and processing, and temperature is 100 DEG C, and blower fan is opened, and the time is 120 minutes.Wherein the granularity of Ni base alloy powder is 70 ~ 80 μm, Cr
3c
2the mean particle size of ceramic powder is 50 μm.
(3) be fixed on coaxial powder-feeding mouth by side direction powder-feeding mouth and be assembled into asynchronous powder-feeding mouth, wherein side direction powder-feeding mouth is fixed on the side (see Fig. 1) contrary with laser scanning direction.
(4) by Ni base alloy powder and small-particle Cr
3c
2mixed powder (the small-particle Cr of ceramic powder (granularity < 40 μm)
3c
2massfraction shared by ceramic powder is 20%), macrobead Cr
3c
2ceramic powder (granularity > 40 μm) puts into two powder feeders respectively, makes Ni base alloy powder and small-particle Cr are housed
3c
2the powder feeder coaxial powder-feeding mouth of the mixed powder of ceramic powder, is equipped with macrobead Cr
3c
2the powder feeder connection side of ceramic powder is to powder-feeding mouth.
(5) by regulating angle and position (the powder feeding angle of side direction powder-feeding mouth is 40 °, and the height in the meal outlet distance molten bath of side direction powder-feeding mouth is 8mm) of side direction powder-feeding mouth, make side direction powder-feeding mouth by macrobead Cr
3c
2ceramic powder is sent to the middle part in laser scanning direction opposite side molten bath to afterbody 1/3rd place, simultaneously by coaxial powder-feeding mouth by Ni base alloy powder and small-particle Cr
3c
2the mixed powder of ceramic powder sends into molten bath central authorities, uses laser apparatus to carry out laser melting coating, obtains Cr
3c
2ceramic particle strengthens Ni base Alloy Composite Coating.Wherein select carbon dioxide laser during laser melting coating, its power is 1.5kW, sweep velocity 150mmmin
-1, defocusing amount 18mm, Ni base alloy powder and small-particle Cr
3c
2the powder sending quantity of the mixed powder of ceramic powder is 4r/min, carrier gas flux 4Lmin
-1, macrobead Cr
3c
2the powder sending quantity of ceramic powder is 6r/min, carrier gas flux 4Lmin
-1, protection atmospheric pressure 0.1MPa, protection gas and carrier gas are argon gas.
The Cr that embodiment 2 is obtained
3c
2ceramic particle strengthens the macro morphology of Ni base Alloy Composite Coating as shown in Figure 4, its section structure as shown in Fig. 5 (a), as can be seen from SEM photo, the Cr obtained with coaxial powder-feeding method
3c
2ceramic particle enhancing Ni base Alloy Composite Coating Fig. 5 (b) is compared, and (coaxial powder-feeding method is under the same conditions as in practical example 2, by Ni base alloy powder and Cr
3c
2together via coaxial powder-feeding mouth powder feeding after ceramic powder mixing, then obtain through laser melting coating), the Cr that the present invention obtains
3c
2ceramic particle strengthens the Cr in Ni base Alloy Composite Coating
3c
2ceramic particle is evenly distributed in whole coating, greatly reduces Cr
3c
2the fusing decomposition of ceramic particle and segregation and sink to the bottom phenomenon, through micro-hardness testing, the Cr that the present invention obtains
3c
2the average hardness that ceramic particle strengthens Ni base Alloy Composite Coating is 1100HV
0.2, show good high-temperature wearable damage property, wear rate is 1.49 × 10
-6gN
-1m
-1, be 1/20th of 304 stainless steel bases.The present invention compares with coaxial powder-feeding method with prefabricated coating, significantly improves coating hardness and wear resistance.
Embodiment 3:
Asynchronous powder-feeding method prepares Al
2o
3-TiO
2compound coating:
(1) select Ti-6Al-4V alloy (TC4) as body material, matrix is of a size of 80mm × 80mm × 6mm, first clean with acetone before using, sandblasting is carried out again with 100 object Brown Alundum, sandblasting angle is 90 degree (vertical sandblastings), after sandblasting, then use alcohol washes, dry for standby.
(2) by TiO
2powder and Al
2o
3powder (subsphaeroidal) is placed in blast drier and carries out drying and processing, and temperature is 120 DEG C, and blower fan is opened, and the time is 480 minutes.Wherein TiO
2the granularity of powder is 100 μm, Al
2o
3the mean particle size of powder is 100 μm.
(3) be fixed on coaxial powder-feeding mouth by side direction powder-feeding mouth and be assembled into asynchronous powder-feeding mouth, wherein side direction powder-feeding mouth is fixed on the side (see Fig. 1) contrary with laser scanning direction.
(4) by TiO
2powder and Al
2o
3powder puts into two powder feeders respectively, makes TiO is housed
2the powder feeder of powder connects coaxial powder-feeding mouth, and Al is housed
2o
3the powder feeder connection side of powder is to powder-feeding mouth.
(5) by regulating angle and position (the powder feeding angle of side direction powder-feeding mouth is 45 °, and the height in the meal outlet distance molten bath of side direction powder-feeding mouth is 10mm) of side direction powder-feeding mouth, make side direction powder-feeding mouth by Al
2o
3powder is sent to the middle part in laser scanning direction opposite side molten bath to afterbody 1/4th place, simultaneously by coaxial powder-feeding mouth by TiO
2powder sends into molten bath central authorities, uses laser apparatus to carry out laser melting coating, obtains Al
2o
3-TiO
2compound coating.Wherein select carbon dioxide laser during laser melting coating, its power is 1kW, sweep velocity 200mmmin
-1, defocusing amount 10mm, TiO
2powder powder sending quantity 2r/min, carrier gas flux 4Lmin
-1, Al
2o
3powder powder sending quantity 8r/min, carrier gas flux 4Lmin
-1, protection atmospheric pressure 0.1MPa, wherein protects gas and carrier gas to be argon gas.
The Al that embodiment 3 is obtained
2o
3-TiO
2al in compound coating
2o
3ceramic particle is evenly distributed in whole coating, greatly reduces Al
2o
3the fusing decomposition of ceramic particle and rising phenomenon, also mitigate due to Al
2o
3particle aggregation and the possibility cracked.Fine motion frictional experiment shows, this Al
2o
3-TiO
2the stable frictional coefficient of compound coating is that after 0.3,30min friction testing, volume wear, less than 1/5th of matrix, substantially increases Al
2o
3-TiO
2the wearability of compound coating.
Embodiment 4:
Asynchronous powder-feeding method is prepared WC and is strengthened Co base Alloy Composite Coating:
(1) select 304 stainless steels as body material, matrix is of a size of 80mm × 80mm × 12mm, first cleans with acetone before using, carry out sandblasting with 100 object Brown Alundum again, sandblasting angle is 90 degree (vertical sandblastings), after sandblasting, use alcohol washes again, dry for standby.
(2) Co base alloy powder and WC ceramic particle (subsphaeroidal) are placed in blast drier and carry out drying and processing, temperature is 150 DEG C, and blower fan is opened, and the time is 120 minutes.Wherein the granularity of Co base alloy powder is 45 ~ 150 μm, and the granularity of WC ceramic particle is 45-150 μm.
(3) be fixed on coaxial powder-feeding mouth by side direction powder-feeding mouth and be assembled into asynchronous powder-feeding mouth, wherein side direction powder-feeding mouth is fixed on the side (see Fig. 1) contrary with laser scanning direction.
(4) Co base alloy powder and WC ceramic particle are put into two powder feeders respectively, make the powder feeder that Co base alloy powder is housed connect coaxial powder-feeding mouth, the powder feeder connection side of WC ceramic particle is housed to powder-feeding mouth.
(5) by regulating the angle of side direction powder-feeding mouth and position, (the powder feeding angle of side direction powder-feeding mouth is 55 °, the height in the meal outlet distance molten bath of side direction powder-feeding mouth is 3mm), WC ceramic particle is sent to the middle part in laser scanning direction opposite side molten bath to afterbody 1/2nd place by side direction powder-feeding mouth, by coaxial powder-feeding mouth, Co base alloy powder is sent into molten bath central authorities simultaneously, use laser apparatus to carry out laser melting coating, obtain WC and strengthen Co base Alloy Composite Coating.Wherein select carbon dioxide laser during laser melting coating, its power is 2.5kW, sweep velocity 400mmmin
-1, defocusing amount 18mm, Co base alloy powder (Co base No. 6 alloys) powder sending quantity 4r/min, carrier gas flux 4Lmin
-1, WC ceramic particle powder sending quantity 4r/min, carrier gas flux 6Lmin
-1, protection atmospheric pressure 0.1MPa, wherein protects gas and carrier gas to be argon gas.
In the WC enhancing Co base Alloy Composite Coating that embodiment 4 is obtained, WC ceramic particle is evenly distributed in whole coating, and coating hardness reaches 1100HV
0.2, the existence of WC ceramic particle greatly strengthen solution strengthening and the dispersion-strengthened of coating.This WC strengthens WC content in Co base Alloy Composite Coating and accounts for 50%, hardness and toughness reach optimum matching, the frictional coefficient that WC strengthens Co base Alloy Composite Coating is 0.1839, abrasion loss after 10min is 0.2mg, and the wearability making WC strengthen Co base Alloy Composite Coating comparatively cobalt base alloy improves nearly 30 times.
Embodiment 5:
Asynchronous powder-feeding method prepares Co-Cr
3c
2compound coating:
(1) select soft steel as body material, matrix is of a size of 100mm × 60mm × 10mm, first cleans with acetone before using, carry out sandblasting with 100 object Brown Alundum again, sandblasting angle is 90 degree (vertical sandblastings), after sandblasting, use alcohol washes again, dry for standby.
(2) by Co base alloy powder and Cr
3c
2ceramic powder (other irregular profiles) is placed in blast drier and carries out drying and processing, and temperature is 150 DEG C, and blower fan is opened, and the time is 120 minutes.Wherein the granularity of Co base alloy powder is 0.1-60 μm, Cr
3c
2the granularity of ceramic powder is 0.1-45 μm.
(3) be fixed on coaxial powder-feeding mouth by side direction powder-feeding mouth and be assembled into asynchronous powder-feeding mouth, wherein side direction powder-feeding mouth is fixed on the side (see Fig. 1) contrary with laser scanning direction.
(4) by Co base alloy powder and Cr
3c
2ceramic powder puts into two powder feeders respectively, makes the powder feeder that Co base alloy powder is housed connect coaxial powder-feeding mouth, Cr is housed
3c
2the powder feeder connection side of ceramic powder is to powder-feeding mouth.
(5) by regulating angle and position (the powder feeding angle of side direction powder-feeding mouth is 60 °, and the height in the meal outlet distance molten bath of side direction powder-feeding mouth is 12mm) of side direction powder-feeding mouth, make side direction powder-feeding mouth by Cr
3c
2ceramic powder is sent to the middle part in laser scanning direction opposite side molten bath to afterbody 1/3rd place, by coaxial powder-feeding mouth, Co base alloy powder is sent into molten bath central authorities simultaneously, uses laser apparatus to carry out laser melting coating, obtains Co-Cr
3c
2compound coating.Wherein select carbon dioxide laser during laser melting coating, its power is 3.5kW, sweep velocity 250mmmin
-1, defocusing amount 20mm, Co base alloy powder powder sending quantity 8r/min, carrier gas flux 6Lmin
-1, Cr
3c
2ceramic powder powder sending quantity 3r/min, carrier gas flux 4Lmin
-1, protection atmospheric pressure 0.01MPa, wherein protects gas and carrier gas to be argon gas.
The Co-Cr that embodiment 5 is obtained
3c
2cr in compound coating
3c
2fusing is decomposed less, not molten Cr
3c
2ceramic particle is evenly distributed, and coating average hardness reaches 900HV
0.2, significantly improve than Co base alloy coat hardness.In different corrosive mediums, Co-Cr
3c
2the erosion resistance of compound coating is all better than Co base alloy coat.In addition, not molten Cr
3c
2ceramic particle enhances the bonding force between coating structure, substantially increases Co-Cr
3c
2the abrasion resistance properties of compound coating.
Embodiment 6:
Asynchronous powder-feeding method prepares TiN-Ni base Alloy Composite Coating:
(1) select TC4 alloy as body material, matrix is of a size of 100mm × 60mm × 10mm, first cleans with acetone before using, carry out sandblasting with 100 object Brown Alundum again, sandblasting angle is 90 degree (vertical sandblastings), after sandblasting, use alcohol washes again, dry for standby.
(2) Ni base alloy powder and TiN powder (polygon) are placed in blast drier and carry out drying and processing, temperature is 150 DEG C, and blower fan is opened, and the time is 240 minutes.Wherein the granularity of Ni base alloy powder is the granularity of 150-250 μm, TiN powder is 150-250 μm.
(3) be fixed on coaxial powder-feeding mouth by side direction powder-feeding mouth and be assembled into asynchronous powder-feeding mouth, wherein side direction powder-feeding mouth is fixed on the side (see Fig. 1) contrary with laser scanning direction.
(4) Ni base alloy powder and TiN powder are put into two powder feeders respectively, make the powder feeder that Ni base alloy powder is housed connect coaxial powder-feeding mouth, the powder feeder connection side of TiN powder is housed to powder-feeding mouth.
(5) by regulating the angle of side direction powder-feeding mouth and position, (the powder feeding angle of side direction powder-feeding mouth is 35 °, the height in the meal outlet distance molten bath of side direction powder-feeding mouth is 15mm), TiN powder is sent to the middle part in laser scanning direction opposite side molten bath to afterbody 1/3rd place by side direction powder-feeding mouth, by coaxial powder-feeding mouth, Ni base alloy powder is sent into molten bath central authorities simultaneously, use laser apparatus to carry out laser melting coating, obtain TiN-Ni base Alloy Composite Coating.Wherein select carbon dioxide laser during laser melting coating, its power is 100W, sweep velocity 50mmmin
-1, defocusing amount 0mm, Ni base alloy powder powder sending quantity 6r/min, carrier gas flux 2Lmin
-1, TiN powder powder sending quantity 2r/min, carrier gas flux 2Lmin
-1, protection atmospheric pressure 0.05MPa, wherein protects gas and carrier gas to be argon gas.
In the TiN-Ni base Alloy Composite Coating that embodiment 6 is obtained, a large amount of TiN uniform particles is distributed in the middle of whole coating, there is the multiple strengthening effects such as particle strengthening, refined crystalline strengthening, solution strengthening in TiN-Ni base Alloy Composite Coating, thus significantly improve the abrasion resistance properties of TC4 alloy.Microhardness is 9000Mpa-12000Mpa.
Embodiment 7:
Asynchronous powder-feeding method prepares B4C-Fe base Alloy Composite Coating:
(1) select Q235 as body material, matrix is of a size of 50mm × 50mm × 10mm, first cleans with acetone before using, carry out sandblasting with 100 object Brown Alundum again, sandblasting angle is 90 degree (vertical sandblastings), after sandblasting, use alcohol washes again, dry for standby.
(2) Fe base alloy powder and B4C powder (subsphaeroidal) are placed in blast drier and carry out drying and processing, temperature is 120 DEG C, and blower fan is opened, and the time is 120 minutes.Wherein the granularity of Fe base alloy powder is the granularity of 250-500 μm, B4C powder is 250-500 μm.
(3) be fixed on coaxial powder-feeding mouth by side direction powder-feeding mouth and be assembled into asynchronous powder-feeding mouth, wherein side direction powder-feeding mouth is fixed on the side (see Fig. 1) contrary with laser scanning direction.
(4) Fe base alloy powder and B4C powder are put into two powder feeders respectively, make the powder feeder that Fe base alloy powder is housed connect coaxial powder-feeding mouth, the powder feeder connection side of B4C powder is housed to powder-feeding mouth.
(5) by regulating the angle of side direction powder-feeding mouth and position, (the powder feeding angle of side direction powder-feeding mouth is 70 °, the height in the meal outlet distance molten bath of side direction powder-feeding mouth is 20mm), B4C powder is sent to the middle part in laser scanning direction opposite side molten bath to afterbody 1/2nd place by side direction powder-feeding mouth, by coaxial powder-feeding mouth, Fe base alloy powder is sent into molten bath central authorities simultaneously, use laser apparatus to carry out laser melting coating, obtain B4C-Fe base Alloy Composite Coating.Wherein select carbon dioxide laser during laser melting coating, its power is 5kW, sweep velocity 600mmmin
-1, defocusing amount 30mm, Fe base alloy delivering powder powder amount 3r/min, carrier gas flux 1Lmin
-1, B4C powder powder sending quantity 5r/min, carrier gas flux 5Lmin
-1, protection atmospheric pressure 0.3MPa, wherein protects gas and carrier gas to be argon gas.
Exist in B4C-Fe base Alloy Composite Coating prepared by embodiment 7 and do not melt the B4C particle of decomposition and be evenly distributed in the middle of whole coating in a large number, with matrix phase ratio, microhardness significantly improves, and maximum hardness can reach 1372HV
0.2.B4C-Fe base Alloy Composite Coating has and excellent wear-resistingly undermines corrosion resistance nature.
Embodiment 8:
Asynchronous powder-feeding method prepares SiC-Al base Alloy Composite Coating:
(1) select ZL 102 alloy as body material, matrix is of a size of 40mm × 30mm × 20mm, first cleans with acetone before using, carry out sandblasting with 100 object Brown Alundum again, sandblasting angle is 90 degree (vertical sandblastings), after sandblasting, use alcohol washes again, dry for standby.
(2) Al base alloy powder and SiC powder (spherical) are placed in blast drier and carry out drying and processing, temperature is 100 DEG C, and blower fan is opened, and the time is 120 minutes.Wherein the granularity of Al base alloy powder is 50-60 μm, and the granularity of SiC powder is 45-65 μm.
(3) be fixed on coaxial powder-feeding mouth by side direction powder-feeding mouth and be assembled into asynchronous powder-feeding mouth, wherein side direction powder-feeding mouth is fixed on the side (see Fig. 1) contrary with laser scanning direction.
(4) Al base alloy powder and SiC powder are put into two powder feeders respectively, make the powder feeder that Al base alloy powder is housed connect coaxial powder-feeding mouth, the powder feeder connection side of SiC powder is housed to powder-feeding mouth.
(5) by regulating the angle of side direction powder-feeding mouth and position, (the powder feeding angle of side direction powder-feeding mouth is 20 °, the height in the meal outlet distance molten bath of side direction powder-feeding mouth is 2mm), SiC powder is sent to the middle part in laser scanning direction opposite side molten bath to afterbody 2/3rds place by side direction powder-feeding mouth, by coaxial powder-feeding mouth, Al base alloy powder is sent into molten bath central authorities simultaneously, use laser apparatus to carry out laser melting coating, obtain SiC-Al base Alloy Composite Coating.Wherein select carbon dioxide laser during laser melting coating, its power is 8kW, sweep velocity 100mmmin
-1, defocusing amount 15mm, Al base alloy powder powder sending quantity 10r/min, carrier gas flux 10Lmin
-1, SiC powder powder sending quantity 10r/min, carrier gas flux 10Lmin
-1, protection atmospheric pressure 1MPa, wherein protects gas and carrier gas to be argon gas.
Compare with coaxial powder-feeding method with traditional prefabricated coating, exist in the SiC-Al base Alloy Composite Coating that embodiment 8 adopts asynchronous powder-feeding method laser melting coating to prepare and do not melt the SiC particle of decomposition and be evenly distributed in the middle of whole coating in a large number, the hardness of SiC-Al base Alloy Composite Coating is at 220-280HV
0.2between, significantly improve the wear resisting property of ZL 102 alloy.
Embodiment 9:
Asynchronous powder-feeding method prepares SiC Reinforced Cu base Alloy Composite Coating:
(1) select 6061 aluminium alloys as body material, matrix is of a size of 70mm × 70mm × 10mm, first clean with acetone before using, sandblasting is carried out again with 100 object Brown Alundum, sandblasting angle is 90 degree (vertical sandblastings), after sandblasting, then use alcohol washes, dry for standby.
(2) Cu base alloy powder and SiC powder (spherical) are placed in blast drier and carry out drying and processing, temperature is 80 DEG C, and blower fan is opened, and the time is 120 minutes.Wherein the granularity of Cu base alloy powder is 50 μm, and the granularity of SiC powder is 20-45 μm.
(3) be fixed on coaxial powder-feeding mouth by side direction powder-feeding mouth and be assembled into asynchronous powder-feeding mouth, wherein side direction powder-feeding mouth is fixed on the side (see Fig. 1) contrary with laser scanning direction.
(4) Cu base alloy powder and SiC powder are put into two powder feeders respectively, make the powder feeder that Cu base alloy powder is housed connect coaxial powder-feeding mouth, the powder feeder connection side of SiC powder is housed to powder-feeding mouth.
(5) by regulating the angle of side direction powder-feeding mouth and position, (the powder feeding angle of side direction powder-feeding mouth is 65 °, the height in the meal outlet distance molten bath of side direction powder-feeding mouth is 18mm), SiC powder is sent to the middle part in laser scanning direction opposite side molten bath to afterbody 1/2nd place by side direction powder-feeding mouth, by coaxial powder-feeding mouth, Cu base alloy powder is sent into molten bath central authorities simultaneously, use laser apparatus to carry out laser melting coating, obtain SiC Reinforced Cu base Alloy Composite Coating.Wherein select carbon dioxide laser during laser melting coating, its power is 10kW, sweep velocity 300mmmin
-1, defocusing amount 5mm, Cu base alloy powder powder sending quantity 5r/min, carrier gas flux 5Lmin
-1, SiC powder powder sending quantity 7r/min, carrier gas flux 1Lmin
-1, protection atmospheric pressure 0.5MPa, wherein protects gas and carrier gas to be argon gas.
Embodiment 10:
Asynchronous powder-feeding method is prepared ceramic particle and is strengthened Ti-Al dual alloy billet compound coating:
(1) select TC4 alloy as body material, matrix is of a size of 70mm × 70mm × 10mm, first cleans with acetone before using, carry out sandblasting with 100 object Brown Alundum again, sandblasting angle is 90 degree (vertical sandblastings), after sandblasting, use alcohol washes again, dry for standby.
(2) by Ti-Al powder and TiN, TiB
2, TiC mixed powder (other irregular profiles) be placed in blast drier and carry out drying and processing, temperature is 80 DEG C, and blower fan is opened, and the time is 120 minutes.Wherein the granularity of Ti-Al powder is 70-80 μm, TiN, TiB
2, TiC the mean particle size of mixed powder be 50 μm.
(3) be fixed on coaxial powder-feeding mouth by side direction powder-feeding mouth and be assembled into asynchronous powder-feeding mouth, wherein side direction powder-feeding mouth is fixed on the side (see Fig. 1) contrary with laser scanning direction.
(4) by Ti-Al powder and TiN, TiB
2, TiC mixed powder put into two powder feeders respectively, the powder feeder making to be equipped with Ti-Al powder connects coaxial powder-feeding mouth, and TiN, TiB are housed
2, TiC the powder feeder connection side of mixed powder to powder-feeding mouth.
(5) by regulating angle and position (the powder feeding angle of side direction powder-feeding mouth is 30 °, and the height in the meal outlet distance molten bath of side direction powder-feeding mouth is 6mm) of side direction powder-feeding mouth, make side direction powder-feeding mouth by TiN, TiB
2, TiC mixed powder be sent to the middle part in laser scanning direction opposite side molten bath to afterbody 1/3rd place, by coaxial powder-feeding mouth, Ti-Al powder is sent into molten bath central authorities simultaneously, use laser apparatus to carry out laser melting coating, obtain B4C-Fe base Alloy Composite Coating.Wherein select carbon dioxide laser during laser melting coating, its power is 2kW, sweep velocity 350mmmin
-1, defocusing amount 25mm, Ti-Al powder powder sending quantity 7r/min, carrier gas flux 8Lmin
-1, TiN, TiB
2, TiC mixed powder powder sending quantity 9r/min, carrier gas flux 8Lmin
-1, protection atmospheric pressure 0.8MPa, wherein protects gas and carrier gas to be argon gas.
The step of embodiment 11-15 is identical with embodiment 1 with parameter, and its matrix specifically used, ceramic particle enhancing, powdered alloy or metal-ceramic composite powder end are as shown in table 1.
Table 1
| Embodiment | Matrix | Ceramic particle strengthens | Powdered alloy or metal-ceramic composite powder end |
| Embodiment 11 | TC4 | Y 2O 3 | Ni-TiC |
| Embodiment 12 | 1Cr18Ni9Ti | TiC | FeAl intermetallic compound |
| Embodiment 13 | Q235 | TiC-VC | Fe base |
| Embodiment 14 | TC4 | TiC-TiB 2 | Ni base |
| Embodiment 15 | A3 steel | Cr 3C 2-CrB | Ni base |
Above-described embodiment just schematically, not forms limiting the scope of the invention.Belonging to the researchist in field prepare in the present invention on the basis of metal micro-nanostructure scheme, do not need to pay creative work and the various amendment made or distortion still in protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. the method utilizing asynchronous powder-feeding method to carry out laser melting coating to prepare ceramic particle reinforced metal base compound coating, is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:
Step one: be fixed on by side direction powder-feeding mouth on coaxial powder-feeding mouth and be assembled into asynchronous powder-feeding mouth, wherein side direction powder-feeding mouth is fixed on the side contrary with laser scanning direction;
Step 2: powdered alloy or metal-ceramic composite powder end are sent into coaxial powder-feeding mouth, ceramic particle reinforced phase is sent into side direction powder-feeding mouth;
Step 3: by regulating angle and the position of side direction powder-feeding mouth, ceramic particle reinforced phase is sent to by side direction powder-feeding mouth and the middle part in laser scanning direction opposite side molten bath to the position between afterbody, by coaxial powder-feeding mouth, powdered alloy or metal-ceramic composite powder end are sent into molten bath central authorities simultaneously, use laser apparatus to carry out laser melting coating, obtain ceramic particle reinforced metal base compound coating.
2. the method utilizing asynchronous powder-feeding method to carry out laser melting coating to prepare ceramic particle reinforced metal base compound coating according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, powdered alloy in described step 2 is the powdered alloy of iron-based, cobalt-based, Ni-based, copper base, titanium base, magnesium base, aluminium base or intermetallic compound base, and the particle diameter of powdered alloy is 0.1 ~ 500 micron.
3. the method utilizing asynchronous powder-feeding method to carry out laser melting coating to prepare ceramic particle reinforced metal base compound coating according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, metal-powder contained in metal-ceramic composite powder end in described step 2 is the powdered alloy of iron-based, cobalt-based, Ni-based, copper base, titanium base, magnesium base, aluminium base or intermetallic compound base, and ceramic particle contained in metal-ceramic composite powder end is the mixture of a kind of or arbitrary proportion in carbide, nitride, boride and ceramic oxide particle; The particle diameter of ceramic particle contained in metal-ceramic composite powder end is 0.1 ~ 500 micron, and massfraction is 0.1 ~ 70%; The particle diameter of metal-powder contained in metal-ceramic composite powder end is 0.1 ~ 500 micron, and massfraction is 30 ~ 99.9%.
4. the method utilizing asynchronous powder-feeding method to carry out laser melting coating to prepare ceramic particle reinforced metal base compound coating according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the ceramic particle reinforced phase in described step 2 is ceramic powder or the ceramic metal composite powder containing metal-powder.
5. the method utilizing asynchronous powder-feeding method to carry out laser melting coating to prepare ceramic particle reinforced metal base compound coating according to claim 4, it is characterized in that, described ceramic powder is the mixture of single stupalith or two kinds and two or more stupaliths, and ceramic powder contained in ceramic metal composite powder is the mixture of single stupalith or two kinds and two or more stupaliths.
6. the method utilizing asynchronous powder-feeding method to carry out laser melting coating to prepare ceramic particle reinforced metal base compound coating according to claim 4, it is characterized in that, described ceramic powder is the mixture of a kind of or arbitrary proportion in carbide, nitride, boride and ceramic oxide particle; The particle diameter of ceramic powder is 0.1 ~ 500 micron.
7. the method utilizing asynchronous powder-feeding method to carry out laser melting coating to prepare ceramic particle reinforced metal base compound coating according to claim 4, it is characterized in that, ceramic powder contained in described ceramic metal composite powder is the mixture of a kind of or arbitrary proportion in carbide, nitride, boride and ceramic oxide particle, and metal-powder contained in ceramic metal composite powder is the powdered alloy of iron-based, cobalt-based, Ni-based, copper base, titanium base, magnesium base, aluminium base or intermetallic compound base; The particle diameter of ceramic powder contained in ceramic metal composite powder is 0.1 ~ 500 micron, and massfraction is 70 ~ 99.9%; The particle diameter of metal-powder contained in ceramic metal composite powder is 0.1 ~ 500 micron, and massfraction is 0.1 ~ 30%.
8. the method utilizing asynchronous powder-feeding method to carry out laser melting coating to prepare ceramic particle reinforced metal base compound coating according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the shape of the ceramic particle reinforced phase in described step 2 is spherical, subsphaeroidal, polygon or other irregular profiles.
9. the method utilizing asynchronous powder-feeding method to carry out laser melting coating to prepare ceramic particle reinforced metal base compound coating according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, in described step 3, the powder feeding angle of side direction powder-feeding mouth is 20 ~ 70 °, and the height in the meal outlet distance molten bath of side direction powder-feeding mouth is 2 ~ 20mm.
10. the method utilizing asynchronous powder-feeding method to carry out laser melting coating to prepare ceramic particle reinforced metal base compound coating according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the laser apparatus adopted during laser melting coating in described step 3 is carbon dioxide laser, its power is 100W ~ 10kW, sweep velocity is 50 ~ 600mm/min, defocusing amount is 0 ~ 30mm, the powder sending quantity of coaxial powder-feeding mouth is 2 ~ 10r/min, carrier gas flux is 1 ~ 10L/min, the powder sending quantity of side direction powder-feeding mouth is 2 ~ 10r/min, carrier gas flux is 1 ~ 10L/min, protection atmospheric pressure 0.01 ~ 1MPa, protection gas and carrier gas are rare gas element.
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