CN103233224A - Method for preparing high-chromium wear-resistant alloy through laser cladding - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for preparing a high-chromium wear-resistant alloy through laser cladding. The method is characterized by comprising steps of: firstly, uniformly mixing 80-82% of Fe-Cr-B powder, 5.5-6.0% of wolfram carbide powder, 1.0-1.2% of nickel-coated graphite powder, 8-10% of high-carbon ferrochrome powder and 2.5-3.5% of ferrovanadium powder according to mass fractions; utilizing a fiber optic laser and adopting a synchronous power feeding method to carry out laser cladding on a basic material of a Crl2Move steel, wherein the power feeding rate is 12-15g/min, the laser power is 2.0-2.5KW, the scanning velocity is 4-6mm/s, and the number of the cladding layers is 4-6; and finally, obtaining a high-chromium wear-resistant alloy laser cladding layer with high hardness, good wear resistance, surface without cracks, impurities and pores and smooth surface.
Description
Technical field
The invention discloses a kind of laser melting coating and prepare the alloy method, particularly a kind of laser melting coating prepares high-chromium wear-resistant alloy method, belongs to the sufacing field.
Background technology
At industrial circles such as metallurgy, mine, cement, thermal power generation, high-abrasive material consumption occupies sizable ratio in whole energy expenditure and Financial cost.Chinese Academy of Engineering in 2009 seeks advice from research report and shows, the whole nation in 2006 consume friction, wearing and tearing and lubricated aspect fund be 9,500 hundred million yuan, account for 4.5% of gross national product GDP.Only losses such as disintegrating apparatus and digger liner plate, slag stock pump are no less than 20,000,000,000 every year, and wherein, abrading-ball is no less than 10,000,000,000, and liner plate is no less than 4,000,000,000, and tup is no less than 4,000,000,000, and liner plate is no less than 3,000,000,000.Say that according to materials consumption weight the domestic annual metal wear resistant material that consumes reaches more than 4,000,000 tons approximately, wherein abrading-ball consumes nearly 2,500,000 tons, and liner plate consumes nearly 500,000 tons.Yet the wearing and tearing of material generally occur over just workpiece surface, if adopt laser cladding method, workpiece surface easy to wear are strengthened, and are expected to improve workpiece surface hardness, prolong workpiece work-ing life.
At present, the surface laser of wear parts is handled studied both at home and abroad, Chinese invention patent CN1081721 discloses a kind of method at the metal surface through laser coating rubbing-layer.This process using granularity is 0.5-1.2mm(or 500-1200 μ m) cemented tungsten carbide particles as the hard phase, Fe base, Ni base or Co base self-fluxing alloy utilize high-power CO as the bonding phase
2Laser apparatus is coated on the metallic surface as thermal source with coarse particles tungsten-carbide cermet layer, and wherein, the weight percent of wolfram varbide is not less than 50%.The characteristics of this technology are: tungsten carbide particle is evenly distributed in coating and does not have scaling loss substantially, thereby keep its original high rigidity and high-wearing feature, the method of laser melting coating coarse particles tungsten-carbide cermet layer can be applicable to the very high operating mode of abrasive wear, for example digging instrument of mine, oil, agricultural machinery etc.Chinese invention patent CN102962447A also discloses the method for a kind of titanium carbide ceramic powder and this powder of laser melting coating, and described titanium carbide ceramic powder is made up of titanium carbide, lanthanum trioxide and nickel 60.Described method is: the titanium carbide ceramic powder was put into ball mill ball milling 15 h ~ 20 hours, the powder behind the ball milling is dried; Powder and water glass after the oven dry are mixed into the pasty state powder; With the pasty state powder be coated to test block treat flatten on the cladding surface, allow its natural air drying; With the pulse laser machine pasty state powder after air-dry in the test block is carried out cladding; Test block after the cladding is polished, again polished finish is carried out on its cladding surface, with dehydrated alcohol it is cleaned up then; Hardness test and wear testing are done in test block.The cladding layer that the present invention obtains has that heat-resisting ability is strong, wear resistance is strong, hardness is high, dense structure is even, thickness is even, grain refining, pore and advantage such as crackle is few, surface quality is good.Chinese invention patent CN102965664A also discloses a kind of Graphene and has strengthened Ni base composite coating material and laser melting and coating process thereof, belongs to the material surface modifying technology field.It is characterized in that being is the cladding layer substrate material with the ni-based self-fluxing alloy, is wild phase with the Graphene of volume percent 0.5-20%, utilizes laser melting and coating technique to have the compound coating of excellent wear-resisting and anti-attrition performance in steel and alloy substrate preparation.Advantage of the present invention is that Graphene content scope is big; the coating structure even compact; wear-resisting and anti-attrition excellent performance; having excellent metallurgical between matrix is combined; can satisfy carbon steel, steel alloy member under different working conditions to the friction and wear behavior requirement; and the mass-producing of coating preparation process and level of automation height can be widely used in fields such as aerospace, machinery, automobile and military project.Chinese invention patent CN102978444A also discloses nano-sized carbon bag titanium carbide and has strengthened Ni base composite coating material and laser melting and coating process.It is characterized in that with the Ni65.83-Cr15-B3.0-Si3.5-C0.7-Fe12 nickel base self-fluxing alloy powder be substrate material, nano-sized carbon bag titanium carbide with 0.5-20vol.% is wild phase, utilizes laser melting and coating technique to strengthen Ni base composite coating at steel and alloy substrate preparation nanometer.The advantage of this invention is the coating structure even compact; good toughness; solidity to corrosion and wear resisting property excellence; having excellent metallurgical between matrix is combined; can satisfy carbon steel, steel alloy member under different working conditions to the friction and wear behavior requirement; and the mass-producing of coating preparation process and level of automation height can be widely used in fields such as aerospace, machinery, automobile and military project.Chinese invention patent CN101519704 also discloses a kind of method of blast-furnace tuyere surface laser cladding cobalt base superalloy layer; It comprises the steps: 1) surface preparation of blast-furnace tuyere air outlet; 2) air outlet surface spraying pre-deposition bottoming alloy; 3) the blast-furnace tuyere workpiece is sent into CO
2Thermal pretreatment before the laser apparatus, 4) CO
2Laser apparatus adopts reverse synchronous mode or coaxial-type automatic powder feeding system, at the air outlet working lining multi-pass cladding Co-based alloy powder through the blast-furnace tuyere of gas argon arc welding pre-deposition; And simultaneously synchronous protection of inert gas is carried out in the Laser Cladding Treatment zone; 5) subsequent disposal.This invention is under the prerequisite that does not influence the copper matrix capacity of heat transmission, coating has high rigidity, wear-resistant, high temperature oxidation resisting, with matrix be firm performance characteristics such as metallurgical binding, but significant prolongation blast-furnace tuyere work-ing life, its preparation cost is low, can be applicable to scrap the advantages such as part reparation of blast-furnace tuyere.Chinese invention patent CN101994114A also discloses wear-resisting, the thermal fatigue resistance alloy coat method of a kind of hot rolled seamless steel tube milling train retained mandrel laser melting coating, and be characterized in: at first greasy dirt and the rusty scale to retained mandrel carries out surface-conditioning; Select Co-based alloy powder then, adopt laser equipment and automatic powder feeding device, carry out laser melting coating processing on the retained mandrel surface, make it to form resistance to high temperature oxidation, the thermal fatigue resistance of 0.2--2mm, the coating of heat resistanceheat resistant wearing and tearing; In heat treatment furnace, the retained mandrel behind the laser melting coating is carried out high tempering at last and handle, with the unrelieved stress after coating and matrix change behind the minimizing laser melting coating.The cladding alloy coating of this invention is even, fine and close, has the productivity height, characteristics such as energy consumption is low, cladding layer process redundancy is little, yield rate is high and comprehensive cost is low.Chinese invention patent CN102021559A also discloses the Co-based alloy powder that is used for the last stage vane of steam turbine laser melting coating, its composition includes Cr, W, Co, Zr, Hf, be characterized in also including Ni, Mn, Si, C, wherein the mass percent of each component is: C:0.4～0.9%; Cr:24～30%; W:6～10%; Ni:8～14%; Mn:0.3～0.8%; Si:0.5～1.0%; Zr:0.02～0.06%; Hf:0.25～0.5%; Co: surplus.This invention is passed through the processing mode cladding of laser melting coating on the last stage vane of steam turbine that lost efficacy, form higher, anti-oxidant, corrosion-resistant, the anti-erosive wear of hardness, have the cobalt base alloy coating of higher-strength and cladding superior performance, thereby solved the technical barrier that last stage vane of steam turbine is repaired.Chinese invention patent 201210164871.8 also discloses a kind of mill housing laser melting coating specific complex alloy material, comprises buffer layer material and functional layer material; Buffer layer material: C0.03-0.08%, Cu22-25%, Cr1.0-3.0%, Fe0.5-1.5%, Si1.5-2.5%, B0.6-1.6%, Ce0.2-0.6%, all the other are Ni; Functional layer material: C1.2-1.6%, Si1.0-1.5%, Cr28-32%, W8.0-10.0%, Ni3.0-4.5%, Fe2.0-3.0%, Hf0.2-0.6%, all the other are Co.This composite alloy material is the processing mode by laser melting coating, on the H shape mill cast iron memorial archway working face that lost efficacy, forms the composite alloy coating that hardness is higher, anti-oxidant, corrosion-resistant, wear-resistant, have higher-strength and cladding superior performance.Chinese invention patent CN102465293A also discloses a kind of laser melting coating restorative procedure that has snakeskin line mould, it is characterized in that: comprise following processing step: mould is fixed on the worktable, the zone of oxidation on polishing die wear place surface, and be trimmed to regular geometrical shape, clean with acetone and treat the cladding zone; Machine tool program is write in position according to cladding, sets processing parameter, starts laser apparatus and carries out cladding with cladding material; Whether have crack defect, cladding layer is polished after qualified if carrying out colour check(test) after the cooling; Regenerate the snake skin on the cladding layer surface that polishes.This invention selects for use close with mold material silk material as cladding material, guarantees cladding area and the cladding area Hardness Distribution is uneven, and the snake effect that generates is the same.Die deformation is little behind the laser melting coating, does not splash in the cladding process, and to the not influence of other regional snakeskin line, laser melting coating silk material is filled damaged zone can control the thickness of cladding layer well.Prolong the work-ing life of mould, reduced production cost.
But above-mentioned laser melting and coating technique exists cladding layer and body material bonding strength low, and it is low and wear no resistance etc. not enough that cladding layer is prone to crackle and cladding layer hardness.The present invention adopts optical fiber laser, on the body material of Cr12MoV steel, and the high-chromium wear-resistant alloy of laser melting coating high rigidity, the cladding layer flawless is that excellent metallurgical is combined with body material, and cladding layer is organized tiny, the hardness height has good wear resistance and anti-fatigue performance.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention can realize by the following method.
1, uses earlier massfraction 1.65%B, 15%Cr, 1.5%Si, 0.15%C, Fe-Cr-B powder and WC powder, nickel coated graphite powder, high-carbon chromium iron and the vanadium iron powder of surplus Fe mix, wherein the particle size of powder is 100-120 μ m, the adding massfraction of Fe-Cr-B powder is 80-82%, the adding massfraction of WC powder is 5.5-6.0%, the adding massfraction of nickel coated graphite powder is 1.0-1.2%, the adding massfraction of high-carbon chromium iron is 8-10%, and the adding massfraction of vanadium iron powder is 2.5-3.5%.
2, with the above-mentioned powder that mixes, utilize optical fiber laser, adopt the synchronous powder feeding system method, body material at the Cr12MoV steel carries out laser melting coating, powder feeding rate 12-15 g/min, and laser power is 2.0-2.5KW, sweep velocity is 4-6 mm/s, and the cladding number of plies is the 4-6 layer.Obtain surperficial flawless at last, be mingled with the high-chromium wear-resistant Alloy by Laser cladding layer with pore and surfacing.
The chemical constitution massfraction %:60 ~ 65Cr of high carbon ferro-chrome as mentioned above, 6.8 ~ 7.5C ,≤3.0Si ,≤0.05S ,≤0.06P, Fe surplus.
The chemical constitution massfraction %:50.0-55V of vanadium iron as mentioned above ,≤2.0Si ,≤2.5Al ,≤0.05S ,≤0.05P ,≤0.1C, Fe surplus.
The massfraction of nickel is 60% in the aforesaid nickel coated graphite powder.
Above-mentioned Fe-Cr-B powder has good fluidity, easily obtains flawless laser cladding layer.On this basis, adding nickel coated graphite powder, high-carbon chromium iron and vanadium iron powder, mainly is in order to obtain wear-resisting hard phase Cr
7C
3And VC, to improve the wear resistance of laser cladding layer.Further add the WC powder of massfraction 5.5-6.0%, can improve the wear-resisting hard phase amount in the laser cladding layer, the wear resistance for improving laser cladding layer has a significant effect.
The present invention compared with prior art has the following advantages:
(1) the high-chromium wear-resistant Alloy by Laser cladding layer of the present invention preparation, is mingled with and pore surperficial flawless, and surfacing, is that excellent metallurgical is combined with body material.
(2) the present invention prepares high-chromium wear-resistant Alloy by Laser cladding layer and has the hardness height, characteristics such as uniformity of hardness is good, and its room temperature hardness 1020-1060HV, the surface hardness difference is less than 20HV,
(3) the present invention prepares high-chromium wear-resistant Alloy by Laser cladding layer, easy, the good stability of technology.
(4) the high-chromium wear-resistant Alloy by Laser cladding layer of the present invention's preparation, valuable alloy adding is few, and preparation cost is low.
(5) to prepare high-chromium wear-resistant Alloy by Laser cladding layer many because of wear-resisting hard phase amount in the present invention, and under identical abrasive conditions, the Cr12MoV steel (its hardness is 60-62HRC) that its wear resistance adds low-temperaturetempering than quenching improves 5-6 doubly.
Embodiment
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with embodiment:
Embodiment 1:
A kind of laser melting coating prepares high-chromium wear-resistant alloy method, and concrete processing step is as follows:
1) uses earlier massfraction 1.65%B, 15%Cr, 1.5%Si, 0.15%C, the Fe-Cr-B powder of surplus Fe and WC powder, the massfraction of nickel is 60% nickel coated graphite powder, massfraction 60%Cr, 7.5%C, 2.44%Si, 0.026%S, 0.038%P, the high-carbon chromium iron of surplus Fe and massfraction 55%V, 1.36%Si, 1.47%Al, 0.018%S, 0.030%P, 0.05%C, the vanadium iron powder of surplus Fe mixes, and wherein the particle size of powder is 100-120 μ m, and the adding massfraction of Fe-Cr-B powder is 80.8%, the adding massfraction of WC powder is 5.5%, the adding massfraction of nickel coated graphite powder is 1.2%, and the adding massfraction of high-carbon chromium iron is 10%, and the adding massfraction of vanadium iron powder is 2.5%.
2, with the above-mentioned powder that mixes, utilize IPG YLR-6000 optical fiber laser, adopt the synchronous powder feeding system method, body material at the Cr12MoV steel carries out laser melting coating, powder feeding rate 12 g/min, and laser power is 2.5KW, sweep velocity is 4 mm/s, and the cladding number of plies is 6 layers.Obtain surperficial flawless at last, be mingled with the high-chromium wear-resistant Alloy by Laser cladding layer with pore and surfacing.Its surface hardness is 1035HV, and the surface hardness difference is 18HV.
Embodiment 2:
A kind of laser melting coating prepares high-chromium wear-resistant alloy method, and concrete processing step is as follows:
1) uses earlier massfraction 1.65%B, 15%Cr, 1.5%Si, 0.15%C, the Fe-Cr-B powder of surplus Fe and WC powder, the massfraction of nickel is 60% nickel coated graphite powder, massfraction 65%Cr, 6.8%C, 2.16%Si, 0.028%S, 0.041%P, the high-carbon chromium iron of surplus Fe and massfraction 50.0%V, 1.52%Si, 2.04%Al, 0.018%S, 0.033%P, 0.06%C, the vanadium iron powder of surplus Fe mixes, and wherein the particle size of powder is 100-120 μ m, and the adding massfraction of Fe-Cr-B powder is 81.5%, the adding massfraction of WC powder is 6.0%, the adding massfraction of nickel coated graphite powder is 1.0%, and the adding massfraction of high-carbon chromium iron is 8%, and the adding massfraction of vanadium iron powder is 3.5%.
2, with the above-mentioned powder that mixes, utilize IPG YLR-6000 optical fiber laser, adopt the synchronous powder feeding system method, body material at the Cr12MoV steel carries out laser melting coating, powder feeding rate 15 g/min, and laser power is 2.0KW, sweep velocity is 6 mm/s, and the cladding number of plies is 4 layers.Obtain surperficial flawless at last, be mingled with the high-chromium wear-resistant Alloy by Laser cladding layer with pore and surfacing.Its surface hardness is 1046 HV, and the surface hardness difference is 12 HV.
Embodiment 3:
A kind of laser melting coating prepares high-chromium wear-resistant alloy method, and concrete processing step is as follows:
1) uses earlier massfraction 1.65%B, 15%Cr, 1.5%Si, 0.15%C, the Fe-Cr-B powder of surplus Fe and WC powder, the massfraction of nickel is 60% nickel coated graphite powder, massfraction 63.4%Cr, 7.2%C, 2.09%Si, 0.032%S, 0.054%P, the high-carbon chromium iron of surplus Fe and massfraction 51.8%V, 1.46%Si, 2.30%Al, 0.026%S, 0.031%P, 0.08%C, the vanadium iron powder of surplus Fe mixes, and wherein the particle size of powder is 100-120 μ m, and the adding massfraction of Fe-Cr-B powder is 81.1%, the adding massfraction of WC powder is 5.8%, the adding massfraction of nickel coated graphite powder is 1.1%, and the adding massfraction of high-carbon chromium iron is 9%, and the adding massfraction of vanadium iron powder is 3.0%.
2, with the above-mentioned powder that mixes, utilize IPG YLR-6000 optical fiber laser, adopt the synchronous powder feeding system method, body material at the Cr12MoV steel carries out laser melting coating, powder feeding rate 14 g/min, and laser power is 2.3KW, sweep velocity is 5 mm/s, and the cladding number of plies is 5 layers.Obtain surperficial flawless at last, be mingled with the high-chromium wear-resistant Alloy by Laser cladding layer with pore and surfacing.Its surface hardness is 1037 HV, and the surface hardness difference is 16 HV.
High-chromium wear-resistant Alloy by Laser cladding layer hardness height of the present invention, uniformity of hardness is good, and is that excellent metallurgical is combined with matrix.Wearing test on MM-200 type wear testing machine shows that under identical abrasive conditions, the Cr12MoV steel (its hardness is 60-62HRC) that its wear resistance adds low-temperaturetempering than quenching improves 5-6 doubly.
Claims (5)
1. a laser melting coating prepares high-chromium wear-resistant alloy method, it is characterized in that step is as follows:
1. mix with Fe-Cr-B powder and WC powder, nickel coated graphite powder, high-carbon chromium iron and vanadium iron powder earlier, wherein the particle size of powder is 100-120 μ m, the adding massfraction of Fe-Cr-B powder is 80-82%, the adding massfraction of WC powder is 5.5-6.0%, the adding massfraction of nickel coated graphite powder is 1.0-1.2%, the adding massfraction of high-carbon chromium iron is 8-10%, and the adding massfraction of vanadium iron powder is 2.5-3.5%;
2. with the above-mentioned powder that mixes, utilize optical fiber laser, adopt the synchronous powder feeding system method, body material at the Cr12MoV steel carries out laser melting coating, powder feeding rate 12-15 g/min, and laser power is 2.0-2.5KW, sweep velocity is 4-6 mm/s, and the cladding number of plies is the 4-6 layer.
2. laser melting coating as claimed in claim 1 prepares high-chromium wear-resistant alloy method, it is characterized in that the chemical constitution massfraction %:1.65B of Fe-Cr-B powder, 15Cr, 1.5Si, 0.15C, surplus Fe.
3. laser melting coating as claimed in claim 1 prepares high-chromium wear-resistant alloy method, it is characterized in that the chemical constitution massfraction %:60 ~ 65Cr of high carbon ferro-chrome, 6.8 ~ 7.5C ,≤3.0Si ,≤0.05S ,≤0.06P, Fe surplus.
4. laser melting coating as claimed in claim 1 prepares high-chromium wear-resistant alloy method, it is characterized in that the chemical constitution massfraction %:50.0-55V of vanadium iron ,≤2.0Si ,≤2.5Al ,≤0.05S ,≤0.05P ,≤0.1C, Fe surplus.
5. laser melting coating as claimed in claim 1 prepares high-chromium wear-resistant alloy method, and the massfraction that it is characterized in that nickel in the nickel coated graphite powder is 60%.
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| CN111455373A (en) * | 2020-03-23 | 2020-07-28 | 陕西斯瑞新材料股份有限公司 | Preparation method of high-thermal-conductivity high-temperature-resistant composite copper alloy heat dissipation material |
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| CN111774757A (en) * | 2020-06-12 | 2020-10-16 | 天津中德应用技术大学 | Self-lubricating wear-resistant flux-cored wire containing nickel-coated graphite component and welding method thereof |
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| CN103540790A (en) * | 2013-10-28 | 2014-01-29 | 北京工业大学 | Preparation method of corrosion-resistant CuAlCr laser cladding material |
| CN104164664A (en) * | 2014-07-24 | 2014-11-26 | 日照港集团有限公司 | Laser-cladding wear-resistant liner plate for engineering machinery hopper |
| CN104195362A (en) * | 2014-08-15 | 2014-12-10 | 北京工业大学 | Preparation method of high-boron and wear-resistant alloy |
| CN104451668A (en) * | 2014-12-12 | 2015-03-25 | 广西科技大学 | Cr12MoV steel laser-cladded iron-based alloy |
| CN104962853A (en) * | 2015-06-10 | 2015-10-07 | 马鞍山市兴隆铸造有限公司 | Iron-based high-chromium ceramic composite surface metallurgical coating for ship lateral plate and preparation method of coating |
| CN108118331A (en) * | 2016-11-30 | 2018-06-05 | 杭州巨星工具有限公司 | A kind of manufacturing method of screwdriver bit and screwdriver bit |
| CN111455373A (en) * | 2020-03-23 | 2020-07-28 | 陕西斯瑞新材料股份有限公司 | Preparation method of high-thermal-conductivity high-temperature-resistant composite copper alloy heat dissipation material |
| CN111774757A (en) * | 2020-06-12 | 2020-10-16 | 天津中德应用技术大学 | Self-lubricating wear-resistant flux-cored wire containing nickel-coated graphite component and welding method thereof |
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