CN115537691B - Heat treatment method of GH3044 alloy, nickel-based alloy and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Heat treatment method of GH3044 alloy, nickel-based alloy and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN115537691B CN115537691B CN202211394500.9A CN202211394500A CN115537691B CN 115537691 B CN115537691 B CN 115537691B CN 202211394500 A CN202211394500 A CN 202211394500A CN 115537691 B CN115537691 B CN 115537691B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/10—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of nickel or cobalt or alloys based thereon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/0068—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for particular articles not mentioned below
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C19/00—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt
- C22C19/03—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel
- C22C19/05—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium
- C22C19/051—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium and Mo or W
- C22C19/055—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium and Mo or W with the maximum Cr content being at least 20% but less than 30%
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/02—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working in inert or controlled atmosphere or vacuum
Abstract
The invention relates to a heat treatment method of GH3044 alloy, a nickel-based alloy and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the technical field of nickel-based superalloy processing. The heat treatment method of the GH3044 alloy comprises the following steps: heating GH3044 alloy to be treated to 890-910 ℃ under vacuum, preserving heat for 30-40 min, and then cooling. According to the heat treatment method of the GH3044 alloy, the shear strength of the GH3044 alloy can be reduced, when the GH3044 alloy subjected to heat treatment is a rivet, the shear strength of the rivet subjected to heat treatment is 680-740 MPa, the requirement of a part of cruise missiles on the shear strength of the rivet made of the GH3044 alloy can be met, and the rivet subjected to heat treatment has good riveting performance and other comprehensive performances.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a heat treatment method of GH3044 alloy, a nickel-based alloy and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the technical field of nickel-based superalloy processing.
Background
The GH3044 alloy is a solid solution strengthening nickel-based superalloy, has high shaping and medium heat resistance at high temperature, has excellent oxidation resistance and good stamping and welding process performances, and is suitable for manufacturing aerospace parts, military materials and the like. The rivet made of GH3044 is used for a certain cruise missile, the rivet is used for connecting a missile booster and a missile front-end missile body, the missile booster needs to be separated from the missile body along with the consumption of fuel in the missile flight process, and according to the missile design requirement, the rivet with the shearing strength of 680-740 MPa is used for connecting, so that the two parts can be normally separated under the action of proper tension. Because GH3044 alloy (hot rolled or cold drawn, cold deformation strengthening is carried out on the material during production) produced according to the conventional method has higher shearing strength, generally more than 740MPa, and the shearing strength requirement of a missile of a certain model on rivets can not be met.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a heat treatment method of GH3044 alloy, which can solve the problem that the shearing strength of the existing GH3044 alloy is high and cannot meet the use requirement of a part of cruise missile.
A second object of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing a nickel-based alloy.
A third object of the invention is to provide a nickel-based alloy.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the heat treatment method of GH3044 alloy of the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for heat treatment of GH3044 alloy, comprising the steps of: heating GH3044 alloy to be treated to 890-910 ℃ under vacuum, preserving heat for 30-40 min, and then cooling.
According to the heat treatment method of the GH3044 alloy, the GH3044 alloy is heated to 890-910 ℃ under vacuum, and the temperature is kept for 30-40 min, so that the shear strength of the GH3044 alloy can be reduced, when the heat treated GH3044 alloy is a rivet, the shear strength of the rivet after heat treatment is 680-740 MPa, the requirements of a certain cruise missile connecting part on the shear strength of the rivet made of the GH3044 alloy can be met, the rivet after heat treatment has good riveting performance and other comprehensive performances, and the comprehensive performances all meet the use requirements of a certain cruise missile connecting part.
The heat preservation time is controlled to be 30-40 min, which not only accords with the specification of industry standard, but also can improve the production efficiency, and avoid the degradation of other properties of GH3044 alloy caused by overlong heat preservation time, which affects the normal use of GH3044 alloy after heat treatment.
It will be appreciated that the heating of the GH3044 alloy to be treated under vacuum is to avoid oxidation of the GH3044 alloy by oxygen in the air in the heated state, and to avoid oxidation, the lower the absolute pressure of the vacuum, the better the protection effect on the GH3044 alloy. The absolute pressure of the vacuum is 0.13-13.3 pa.
Preferably, the GH3044 alloy to be treated consists of the following elements in mass fraction: less than or equal to 0.10 percent of C, 23.50 to 26.50 percent of Cr, 13.00 to 16.00 percent of W, less than or equal to 1.50 percent of Mo, less than or equal to 0.50 percent of Al, 0.30 to 0.70 percent of Ti, less than or equal to 4.00 percent of Fe, less than or equal to 0.50 percent of Mn, less than or equal to 0.80 percent of Si, less than or equal to 0.013 percent of P, less than or equal to 0.013 percent of S, and the balance of Ni. The composition of the GH3044 alloy treated by the method accords with the specification of the composition of the GH3044 alloy in the standard GJB3165A-2008 high-temperature alloy hot-rolled and forged bar specification for aviation force-bearing parts.
Preferably, the cooling is to cool the insulated GH3044 alloy to a temperature of no more than 70 ℃ within 15 minutes.
Preferably, the cooling is performed with water or oil cooling.
Preferably, the heating rate is no greater than 25 ℃/min. For example, the heating rate of the heating is 10 to 25 ℃/min. The temperature rising rate is too fast, so that the shear strength controllability of the GH3044 alloy after heat treatment is poor, and the product yield is reduced.
The technical scheme adopted by the preparation method of the nickel-based alloy is as follows:
a method for preparing a nickel-based alloy, comprising the steps of: performing heat treatment on the metal alloy by adopting the heat treatment method of the GH3044 alloy to obtain; the metal alloy is GH3044 alloy.
The preparation method of the nickel-based alloy of the invention adopts the heat treatment method to treat GH3044 alloy, the MC phase change of the alloy is not great, M 23 C 6 The phases are distributed in a chain shape at the grain boundary, and WCr solid solution is precipitated at the inner part of the crystal grain and the grain boundary, and the quantity and the size of the two precipitated phases influence the shear strength of the GH3044 alloy. With the extension of the aging time, the precipitation amount increases, and the precipitation particles grow up. The shearing strength of the GH3044 alloy can be controlled to 680-740 MPa by controlling the heat preservation temperature, heat preservation time and cooling mode, thereby meeting the special use requirement.
Preferably, the metal alloy consists of the following elements in mass fraction: less than or equal to 0.10 percent of C, 23.50 to 26.50 percent of Cr, 13.00 to 16.00 percent of W, less than or equal to 1.50 percent of Mo, less than or equal to 0.50 percent of Al, 0.30 to 0.70 percent of Ti, less than or equal to 4.00 percent of Fe, less than or equal to 0.50 percent of Mn, less than or equal to 0.80 percent of Si, less than or equal to 0.013 percent of P, less than or equal to 0.013 percent of S, and the balance of Ni.
The technical scheme adopted by the nickel-based alloy is as follows:
a nickel-base alloy prepared by the preparation method of the nickel-base alloy.
The shearing strength of the nickel-based alloy is 680-740 MPa, and the nickel-based alloy has good riveting performance when being manufactured into rivets. In addition, the nickel-based alloy provided by the invention has the advantages of higher shaping, medium heat resistance, excellent oxidation resistance and good stamping and welding process performances.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of rivets used in the heat treatment method of GH3044 alloy of examples 1-3 and comparative examples 1-5 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is further described below with reference to the specific embodiments. It should be noted that the purpose of this example is to further illustrate the present invention, and not to limit the scope of the present invention.
Rivets used in the heat treatment methods of GH3044 alloys of examples 1-3 and comparative examples 1-5 of the present invention were formed by lathing a bar of GH3044 alloy, the structure of the rivets being shown in FIG. 1; the manufacturer of the GH3044 alloy bar is a special steel stock company, the furnace batch number is 10251061205, the diameter of the round bar is 8mm, the composition of the round bar accords with the specification of GH3044 alloy composition in the standard GJB3165A-2008 high-temperature alloy hot rolling and forging bar Specification for aviation bearing parts, and the round bar specifically comprises the following elements in mass percentage: 0.049% of C, 24.21% of Cr, 14.41% of W, 0.74% of Mo, 0.26% of Al, 0.53% of Ti, 0.78% of Fe, 0% of Mn, 0% of Si, 0.012% of P, 0.002% of S and the balance of Ni.
The components of the GH3044 alloy used in the embodiments 4-6 of the invention meet the specification of the components of the GH3044 alloy in the standard GJB3165A-2008 high-temperature alloy hot-rolled and forged rod Specification for aviation bearing parts, and specifically consist of the following elements in mass percent: 0.049% of C, 24.21% of Cr, 14.41% of W, 0.74% of Mo, 0.26% of Al, 0.53% of Ti, 0.78% of Fe, 0% of Mn, 0% of Si, 0.012% of P, 0.002% of S and the balance of Ni.
1. Specific examples of the heat treatment method of the GH3044 alloy of the present invention are as follows:
example 1
The heat treatment method of the GH3044 alloy in the embodiment takes a rivet made of a GH3044 alloy bar as an example, and specifically comprises the following steps: placing the rivet made of the GH3044 alloy bar into a vacuum furnace, vacuumizing, heating to 890 ℃ at a heating rate of 10 ℃/min, preserving heat for 30min, cooling in a water cooling mode, and finally removing oxide skin and dirt on the surface of the rivet to obtain the rivet after heat treatment.
In this embodiment, the specific implementation method of water cooling can refer to the specification of 3.3 in standard QJ2665A-2006, and comprises the following steps: immersing the heat-preserving rivet in a water tank, wherein the use temperature of water in the water tank is 10-40 ℃, the water in the water tank is in a circulating flow state, immersing for 15min, cooling to not higher than 40 ℃, taking out, and completing water cooling.
Example 2
The heat treatment method of the GH3044 alloy in the embodiment takes a rivet made of a GH3044 alloy bar as an example, and specifically comprises the following steps: placing the rivet made of the GH3044 alloy bar into a vacuum furnace, vacuumizing, heating to 900 ℃ at a heating rate of 18 ℃/min, preserving heat for 35min, cooling in an oil cooling mode, and finally removing oxide skin and dirt on the surface of the rivet to obtain the rivet after heat treatment.
In this embodiment, the specific implementation method of water cooling can refer to the specification of 3.3 in standard QJ2665A-2006, and comprises the following steps: immersing the heat-preserving rivet in an oil groove provided with a stirring rod, wherein the use temperature of oil in the oil groove is 16-71 ℃, immersing for 15min, cooling to not higher than 70 ℃, and taking out to finish oil cooling.
Example 3
The heat treatment method of the GH3044 alloy in the embodiment takes a rivet made of a GH3044 alloy bar as an example, and specifically comprises the following steps: placing the rivet made of the GH3044 alloy bar into a vacuum furnace, vacuumizing, heating to 910 ℃ at a heating rate of 25 ℃/min, preserving heat for 40min, cooling in a water cooling mode, and finally removing oxide skin and dirt on the surface of the rivet to obtain the rivet after heat treatment.
In this embodiment, the specific implementation method of water cooling can refer to the specification of 3.3 in standard QJ2665A-2006, and comprises the following steps: immersing the heat-preserving rivet in a water tank, wherein the use temperature of water in the water tank is 10-40 ℃, the water in the water tank is in a circulating flow state, immersing for 15min, cooling to not higher than 40 ℃, taking out, and completing water cooling.
The heat treatment method of the GH3044 alloy of comparative examples 1-5 takes rivets made of GH3044 alloy bars as an example, and specifically comprises the following steps:
placing the rivet made of the GH3044 alloy bar into a vacuum furnace, vacuumizing, heating to m ℃ at a heating rate of 25 ℃/min, preserving heat for 40min, cooling in a water cooling mode, and finally removing oxide skin and dirt on the surface of the rivet to obtain the rivet after heat treatment.
Specific implementation methods of water cooling can be referred to the specification of 3.3 in standard QJ2665A-2006, and comprise the following steps: immersing the heat-preserving rivet in a water tank, wherein the use temperature of water in the water tank is 10-40 ℃, the water in the water tank is in a circulating flow state, immersing for 15min, cooling to not higher than 40 ℃, taking out, and completing water cooling.
TABLE 1 heating temperatures in the heat treatment methods of GH3044 alloys of comparative examples 1-5
| Heat treatment method | m |
| Comparative example 1 | 1140 |
| Comparative example 2 | 1000 |
| Comparative example 3 | 950 |
| Comparative example 4 | 850 |
| Comparative example 5 | 800 |
2. Specific examples of the preparation method of the nickel-based alloy of the present invention are as follows:
example 4
The preparation method of the nickel-based alloy in the embodiment specifically comprises the following steps:
placing GH3044 alloy into a vacuum furnace, vacuumizing, heating to 890 ℃ at a heating rate of 10 ℃/min, preserving heat for 30min, and then cooling by adopting a water cooling mode to obtain the alloy.
In this embodiment, the specific implementation method of water cooling can refer to the specification of 3.3 in standard QJ2665A-2006, and comprises the following steps: immersing the heat-preserving rivet in a water tank, wherein the use temperature of water in the water tank is 10-40 ℃, the water in the water tank is in a circulating flow state, immersing for 15min, cooling to not higher than 40 ℃, taking out, and completing water cooling.
Example 5
The preparation method of the nickel-based alloy in the embodiment specifically comprises the following steps:
and (3) placing the GH3044 alloy into a vacuum furnace, vacuumizing, heating to 900 ℃ at a heating rate of 18 ℃/min, preserving heat for 35min, and then cooling by adopting an oil cooling mode to obtain the alloy.
In this embodiment, the specific implementation method of water cooling can refer to the specification of 3.3 in standard QJ2665A-2006, and comprises the following steps: immersing the heat-preserving rivet in an oil groove provided with a stirring rod, wherein the use temperature of oil in the oil groove is 16-71 ℃, immersing for 15min, cooling to not higher than 70 ℃, and taking out to finish oil cooling.
Example 6
The preparation method of the nickel-based alloy in the embodiment specifically comprises the following steps:
and (3) placing the GH3044 alloy into a vacuum furnace, vacuumizing, heating to 910 ℃ at a heating rate of 25 ℃/min, preserving heat for 40min, and then cooling by adopting a water cooling mode to obtain the alloy.
In this embodiment, the specific implementation method of water cooling can refer to the specification of 3.3 in standard QJ2665A-2006, and comprises the following steps: immersing the heat-preserving rivet in a water tank, wherein the use temperature of water in the water tank is 10-40 ℃, the water in the water tank is in a circulating flow state, immersing for 15min, cooling to not higher than 40 ℃, taking out, and completing water cooling.
3. Specific examples of nickel-base alloys of the present invention are as follows:
the nickel-base alloy of this embodiment is prepared by the preparation method of any one of the nickel-base alloys of embodiments 4-6, and will not be described in detail herein.
Experimental example 1
In order to evaluate the shearing resistance and the caulking ability of the heat-treated rivets obtained by the heat-treatment method of GH3044 alloy of examples 1-3 and comparative examples 1-5, the shearing strength and the caulking performance of the heat-treated rivets obtained in examples 1-3 and comparative examples 1-5, respectively, were tested. The method for testing the shear strength is carried out according to the method specified in the standard GJB715.26A-2015 'fastener experiment method double shear', and the test speed adopted in the test is 167N/s; the riveting experiments were carried out according to the method specified in Standard HB6444-2002, general Standard for rivets. The eligibility criterion (the same as the one specified in standard HB 6444-2002) requires the following: when the rivet is upset to a specified upset head size, the end face of the upset head should be close to a round shape, the diameter difference should not be more than 0.1d, and no cracks and fissures should be formed during visual inspection. When testing the shear strength, randomly selecting three samples from the samples prepared in each example or comparative example for testing, and recording the test result of each sample; when the riveting performance is tested, five samples are randomly selected from the samples prepared in each example or comparative example to test, and then the qualification rate is calculated.
TABLE 2 results of test of shear Strength and rivetability of heat-treated rivets obtained in examples 1-3 and comparative examples 1-5
The results show that the shear strength and the riveting performance and other performances of the rivet obtained by the heat treatment method of the GH3044 alloy in the examples 1-3 meet the use requirements of the partial cruise missile.
Claims (4)
1. A method for heat treatment of GH3044 alloy, comprising the steps of: heating GH3044 alloy to be treated to 890-910 ℃ under vacuum, preserving heat for 30-40 min, and then cooling;
the GH3044 alloy to be treated consists of the following elements in percentage by mass: less than or equal to 0.10 percent of C, 23.50 to 26.50 percent of Cr, 13.00 to 16.00 percent of W, less than or equal to 1.50 percent of Mo, less than or equal to 0.50 percent of Al, 0.30 to 0.70 percent of Ti, less than or equal to 4.00 percent of Fe, less than or equal to 0.50 percent of Mn, less than or equal to 0.80 percent of Si, less than or equal to 0.013 percent of P, less than or equal to 0.013 percent of S, and the balance of Ni;
the cooling is to cool the GH3044 alloy after heat preservation to the temperature of not higher than 70 ℃ within 15 min;
the cooling is performed by water cooling or oil cooling.
2. The method of heat treatment of GH3044 alloy according to claim 1, wherein the heating rate is 10-25 ℃/min.
3. A method for preparing a nickel-based alloy, comprising the steps of: performing heat treatment on the metal alloy by adopting the heat treatment method of the GH3044 alloy as set forth in any one of claims 1-2; the metal alloy is GH3044 alloy;
the metal alloy consists of the following elements in percentage by mass: less than or equal to 0.10 percent of C, 23.50 to 26.50 percent of Cr, 13.00 to 16.00 percent of W, less than or equal to 1.50 percent of Mo, less than or equal to 0.50 percent of Al, 0.30 to 0.70 percent of Ti, less than or equal to 4.00 percent of Fe, less than or equal to 0.50 percent of Mn, less than or equal to 0.80 percent of Si, less than or equal to 0.013 percent of P, less than or equal to 0.013 percent of S, and the balance of Ni.
4. A nickel-base alloy as claimed in claim 3, which is produced by a process for producing a nickel-base alloy.
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