CN112122523A - TiAl-based alloy stator blade isothermal forming manufacturing method and device thereof - Google Patents
TiAl-based alloy stator blade isothermal forming manufacturing method and device thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN112122523A CN112122523A CN202010971407.4A CN202010971407A CN112122523A CN 112122523 A CN112122523 A CN 112122523A CN 202010971407 A CN202010971407 A CN 202010971407A CN 112122523 A CN112122523 A CN 112122523A
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- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 89
- 229910010038 TiAl Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 82
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 96
- 238000010275 isothermal forging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 92
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
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- 229910052895 riebeckite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 38
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 18
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- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005485 electric heating Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005488 sandblasting Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001513 hot isostatic pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007669 thermal treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003779 heat-resistant material Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 claims 1
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- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 description 1
- UQZIWOQVLUASCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane;titanium Chemical compound [AlH3].[Ti] UQZIWOQVLUASCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
- B21J5/02—Die forging; Trimming by making use of special dies ; Punching during forging
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J1/00—Preparing metal stock or similar ancillary operations prior, during or post forging, e.g. heating or cooling
- B21J1/06—Heating or cooling methods or arrangements specially adapted for performing forging or pressing operations
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J13/00—Details of machines for forging, pressing, or hammering
- B21J13/02—Dies or mountings therefor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J3/00—Lubricating during forging or pressing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
- B21J5/008—Incremental forging
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/0068—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for particular articles not mentioned below
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C14/00—Alloys based on titanium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/16—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of other metals or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/18—High-melting or refractory metals or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/183—High-melting or refractory metals or alloys based thereon of titanium or alloys based thereon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C19/00—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt
- C22C19/03—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel
- C22C19/05—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium
- C22C19/051—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium and Mo or W
- C22C19/056—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium and Mo or W with the maximum Cr content being at least 10% but less than 20%
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Abstract
A TiAl-based alloy stator blade isothermal forming manufacturing method and a device thereof belong to the field of isothermal forming manufacturing methods. The method comprises the processes of machining and blank making, isothermal pre-forging, isothermal final forging and heat treatment. And provides an isothermal molding device for the TiAl-based alloy stator blade. Compared with the commonly adopted processing mode: and (4) extruding the square billet and then machining the square billet into a part, wherein the square billet is not deformed, so that the structure and the performance of the prepared stator blade cannot meet the design requirements. The method realizes the forging forming of the blade by adopting the machining blank making and the isothermal forming, and then the blade is machined into a part. Because the TiAl-based alloy has large deformation resistance and poor plastic deformation and a common forming method cannot be realized, the blank manufacturing process is a big problem which needs to be solved; the method adopts the turning blank making to ensure that the shape of the blank is close to that of a final forging piece, and then adopts isothermal forging forming to realize the uniform deformation of all parts of the blade, thereby greatly improving the structure and the performance of the blade forging piece.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of isothermal forming manufacturing methods, and particularly relates to a TiAl-based alloy stator blade isothermal forming manufacturing method and device.
Background
The TiAl-based alloy has low density, high-temperature strength, good oxidation resistance and rigidity and better creep resistance, and gradually becomes one of the preferred materials for replacing the original high-temperature alloy materials of parts of a high-pressure compressor of an aircraft engine along with the improvement of forming and processing capabilities in recent years so as to realize weight reduction and increase thrust-weight ratio.
The axial-flow compressor consists of a rotor and a stator. The stator is a general term of a stator assembly, is a non-rotating part in the compressor and comprises a casing and a stator blade assembly. The stator blade has a complex structure, and if the TiAl-based alloy is adopted as the material, a plurality of processing difficulties are encountered in the processing process because: the TiAl-based alloy is an intermetallic compound having an upper L10 structure (superlattice structure) and has a wide range of Ti — Al compositions. The shaping processing of the material is difficult, and the common processing methods such as hot forging, hot rolling, hot extrusion and the like can be adopted at the temperature of over 1000 ℃. The stretch-forming deformation at room temperature is particularly difficult, and the TiAl melted by electric arc is cracked only by 22% strain when being compressed. Although the research on the TiAl-based alloy comprises the processes of component optimization, large-size ingot casting smelting process improvement, step-by-step extrusion cogging, structure performance regulation, bar material quality inspection and the like, the research on the shaping processing of the TiAl-based alloy only obtains a fine crystal structure, and the thermal deformation process of the alloy is accurately controlled to reduce component segregation and control grain size while the material shaping is improved, so that the problem that the shaping difficulty of the TiAl-based alloy in the forming process cannot be controlled is solved.
The processing method generally adopted at present is to machine the extruded square billet into parts, and the structure and the performance of the prepared stator blade cannot meet the design requirements because the extruded square billet is not deformed. The blade forging forming is realized by adopting the machining blank making and the isothermal forming, and then the blade forging forming is machined into parts. Because the TiAl-based alloy has large deformation resistance and poor plastic deformation and a common forming method cannot be realized, the blank manufacturing process is a big problem which needs to be solved; according to the invention, the blank is machined to be made into a blank, so that the shape of the blank is close to that of a final forging piece, and then isothermal forging forming is adopted, so that uniform deformation of each part of the blade is realized, and the structure and the performance of the blade forging piece are greatly improved.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a TiAl-based alloy stator blade isothermal forming manufacturing method and a device thereof.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the invention relates to a TiAl-based alloy stator blade isothermal forming manufacturing method, which comprises the following steps:
step 1: machining
According to the structural size of the TiAl-based alloy stator blade, carrying out machining blank manufacturing on the TiAl-based alloy to obtain a machining blank; the machining blank is a blank of a TiAl-based alloy stator blade; the machining blank comprises a blade body part and a shaft part;
step 2: isothermal pre-forging
Coating a glass lubricant on the surface of a machining blank, wrapping the machining blank by adopting a heat-insulating and heat-resisting material, heating a heating furnace to 800-900 ℃, placing the wrapped machining blank in the heating furnace, slowly heating to 1120-1220 ℃ at a heating rate of 500-600 ℃/h, and preserving heat for 2.5-3.5 h;
after the heat preservation is finished, carrying out isothermal pre-forging at the temperature of 950-1050 ℃, wherein the deformation rate is 0.05-0.20 mm/s, the blade body deformation is 20-30%, and the shaft lever deformation is 20-30%, so as to obtain a pre-forged piece;
and step 3: isothermal finish forging
Cleaning the surface of the pre-forging piece, coating a glass lubricant on the surface, wrapping the pre-forging piece by using a heat-insulating and heat-resisting material, heating a heating furnace to 800-900 ℃, placing the wrapped pre-forging piece in the heating furnace, slowly heating to 1120-1220 ℃ at the heating rate of 500-600 ℃/h, and preserving heat for 2.5-3.5 h;
after the heat preservation is finished, carrying out isothermal final forging again, wherein the temperature of the isothermal final forging is 950-1050 ℃, the deformation rate is 0.05-0.20 mm/s, the deformation of the blade body is 20-30%, and the deformation of the shaft lever is 20-30%, so as to obtain a final forged piece;
and 4, step 4: thermal treatment
After the surface of the finish forging is cleaned, coating a glass lubricant on the surface, wrapping the finish forging by adopting a heat-insulating and heat-resisting material, heating to 1120-1220 ℃ along with a furnace, preserving heat for 3-4 h, carrying out solid solution, discharging from the furnace, carrying out air cooling to room temperature, and carrying out aging treatment, wherein the aging process parameters are as follows: and (3) placing the solid-solution forged piece with the heat-insulating and heat-resisting material at 850-950 ℃ for heat preservation for 8-12 h, cooling to below 200-300 ℃ along with the furnace, discharging from the furnace, and air-cooling to room temperature to obtain the TiAl-based alloy stator blade forged piece.
In the step 2, the heat-insulating and heat-resisting material is preferably asbestos felt. The thickness of the asbestos felt is determined according to the structural size of the processed stator blade, and is preferably 5 mm-10 mm.
In step 3, the surface of the pre-forged part is cleaned by processes including but not limited to sand blasting, corrosion, defect removal and finishing.
In the step 3, the heat-insulating and heat-resisting material is preferably asbestos felt. The thickness of the asbestos felt is determined according to the structural size of the processed stator blade, and is preferably 5 mm-10 mm.
In the step 4, the surface cleaning process of the final forging piece includes but is not limited to sand blasting, corrosion, defect removal and finishing treatment.
In the step 4, the heat-insulating and heat-resisting material is preferably asbestos felt. The thickness of the asbestos felt is determined according to the structural size of the processed stator blade, and is preferably 5 mm-10 mm.
The TiAl-based alloy stator blade forging manufactured by adopting the isothermal forming manufacturing method of the TiAl-based alloy stator blade has room-temperature tensile strength Rm710 to 715MPa, and a non-proportional elongation strength R is specifiedp(0.2)700 to 715MPa, and the elongation A after fracture is 2.0 to 2.5 percent; it has a tensile strength R at 700 ℃ and instantaneous elongationm700 to 730MPa, and residual yield strength Rp(0.2)640-655 MPa, elongation A after fracture of 3.0-5.5%, reduction of area Z of 2-4%, in the endurance performance, the applied stress sigma is 225MPa, and the creep rupture time tau is 200 h.
In order to realize the isothermal forming manufacturing method of the TiAl-based alloy stator blade, the invention provides an isothermal forming device of the TiAl-based alloy stator blade, which comprises an isothermal forging heater and an isothermal forging die, wherein the isothermal pre-forging and the isothermal final forging in the isothermal forming manufacturing method of the TiAl-based alloy stator blade are both implemented by adopting the isothermal forming device of the TiAl-based alloy stator blade.
The isothermal forging die comprises an upper die, a lower die, a limiting key groove and an adjusting base plate; the upper die and the lower die are matched with each other to form an isothermal molding cavity, an adjusting base plate is arranged between the upper die and the lower die, an upper die limiting key groove is formed in the upper die, and a lower die limiting key groove is formed in the lower die;
the upper die limiting key groove and the lower die limiting key groove are used for preventing the die from generating dislocation during forging.
In the isothermal forging die, an upper die and a lower die are subjected to hot isostatic pressing molding by adopting FGH97 powder alloy and are manufactured by electric pulse processing molding, and the temperature bearing capacity of the isothermal forging die reaches 1220 ℃.
The FGH97 powder alloy comprises the following main components in percentage by mass: 8.0-10.0% of Cr, 15.0-16.5% of Co, 3.5-4.2% of Mo, 5.2-5.9% of W, 4.8-5.3% of Al, 1.6-2.0% of Ti, 2.4-2.8% of Nb, 0.02-0.06% of C, 0.1-0.4% of Hf, less than or equal to 0.01% of Ce, less than or equal to 0.015% of B, less than or equal to 0.02% of Mg, less than or equal to 0.015% of Zr, less than or equal to 0.5% of Mn, less than or equal to 0.5% of Si, less than or equal to 0.5% of Fe, less than or equal to 0.009% of S, less than or equal.
The isothermal forging heater comprises an isothermal forging heater shell, an isothermal forging upper die base, an isothermal forging lower die base, a heating device, an upper heat insulation plate and a lower heat insulation plate; the isothermal forging die is arranged in the isothermal forging heater shell, an upper die is connected with an isothermal forging upper die base of the isothermal forging heater, a lower die is connected with an isothermal forging lower die base of the isothermal forging heater, and the heating device is arranged on the inner side of the isothermal forging heater shell; an upper heat insulation plate is arranged at the joint of the isothermal forging upper die holder and the shell, and a lower heat insulation plate is arranged at the joint of the isothermal forging lower die holder and the shell.
Furthermore, an interlocking protection switch is arranged on the heating device, the heating device is preferably resistance-heated, a power supply adopts a three-phase four-wire system, 380V and 50Hz is adopted, the rated power is 30-40 KW, and a safety protection cover shell is arranged at the end of an electric heating leading-out rod or the end of an electric heating leading-out wire of the resistance heating.
The TiAl-based alloy stator blade isothermal forming device is also provided with a hydraulic press in a matching way and used for providing power for isothermal forming.
The outer side of the isothermal forging heater shell is provided with two die holders which are divided into an upper die holder and a lower die holder, the upper die holder is connected with the isothermal forging upper die holder, the lower die holder is connected with the isothermal forging lower die holder, and the two die holders are used for fixing the isothermal forging upper die holder and the isothermal forging lower die holder.
Wherein the stable working temperature of the isothermal forging heater is 1100-1250 ℃.
The isothermal forming manufacturing method and the isothermal forming manufacturing device for the TiAl-based alloy stator blade have the beneficial effects that:
1. the method adopts the vehicle processing blank making and isothermal forming method for the TiAl-based alloy stator blade to realize the forging forming of the compressor blade which is difficult to deform, and the method is superior to parts which are extruded blank and machined.
2. The method can save raw material consumption by about 30 percent, and realize uniform deformation of each part of the blade due to isothermal forging forming, thereby greatly improving the structure and the performance of the blade forging. Such as: according to the estimation of producing 1 ten thousand TiAl-based alloy stator blade forgings in the year, compared with the blade produced by adopting the common process, the method saves 0.22 kg of each blade, and has great economic benefit.
3. The technological process different from the common material comprises the steps of extruding a square billet (figure 2), directly machining the square billet into a part, machining the square billet into the part, carrying out isothermal forging forming, and machining the part, wherein a method of adopting bar turning to approximate finish forging forming is determined, so that a forged piece is easy to fill, deformation resistance during pre-forging is reduced, and the service life of a die is prolonged.
The isothermal forming can obtain ideal size and surface quality, and simultaneously, when the forging piece deforms at low speed in an isothermal way, the forging piece is fully softened and micro-cracks are eliminated due to the diffusion effect, so that the structure and the performance of the forging piece are obviously improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a blank structure diagram in the isothermal molding manufacturing method of a TiAl-based alloy stator blade according to the present invention; it is irregular cylindrical.
FIG. 2 is a blank making drawing of a conventional process, wherein (a) is a side view and (b) is a top view;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a TiAl-based alloy stator blade isothermal molding device of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the isothermal forging die of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a structural view of a TiAl-based alloy stator vane of the present invention;
in the above drawings, 1 is an upper thermal insulation plate, 2 is an isothermal forging upper die holder, 3 is an upper die, 4 is an adjusting shim plate, 5 is a lower die, 6 is an isothermal forging lower die holder, 7 is a lower thermal insulation plate, 801 is an upper die holder, 802 is a lower die holder, 9 is a heating device, 10 is a safety protection cover shell, 11 is an isothermal forging heater shell, 1201 is an upper die limit key groove, 1202 is a lower die limit key groove, 1301 is a nut, 1302 is a gasket, and 1303 is a bolt;
a is the blade body and B is the shaft lever.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples.
In the following examples, TNM titanium-aluminum alloy (Ti-43Al-4Nb-1Mo) was used as a TiAl-based alloy stator blade material.
In the following examples, the chemical composition of the FGH97 alloy powder used is shown in table 1 below:
TABLE 1 FGH97 alloy powder chemistry
Example 1
A TiAl-based alloy stator blade isothermal forming device is shown in the structural schematic diagram of figure 3, and comprises an isothermal forging heater and an isothermal forging die, wherein the isothermal forging die is shown in the structural schematic diagram of figure 4, and isothermal pre-forging and isothermal final forging in the TiAl-based alloy stator blade isothermal forming manufacturing method are both implemented by using the TiAl-based alloy stator blade isothermal forming device.
The isothermal forging die comprises an upper die 3, a lower die 5, a limit key groove 12 and an adjusting base plate 4; the upper die 3 and the lower die 5 are matched with each other to form an isothermal molding cavity, an adjusting base plate 4 is arranged between the upper die 3 and the lower die 5, the upper die 3 is also provided with an upper die limiting key groove 1201, and the lower die is provided with a lower die limiting key groove 1202; the upper die limiting key groove and the lower die limiting key groove are used for preventing the die from shifting during forging.
In the isothermal forging die, an upper die 3 and a lower die 5 adopt FGH97 powder alloy to carry out hot isostatic pressing forming module, and are manufactured by electric pulse processing forming, and the temperature bearing capacity of the isothermal forging die reaches 1220 ℃.
The isothermal forging heater comprises an isothermal forging heater shell 11, an isothermal forging upper die base 2, an isothermal forging lower die base 6, a heating device 9, an upper heat insulation plate 1 and a lower heat insulation plate 7; the isothermal forging die is arranged in an isothermal forging heater shell 11, an upper die 3 is connected with an isothermal forging upper die holder 2 of the isothermal forging heater, a lower die 5 is connected with an isothermal forging lower die holder 6 of the isothermal forging heater, and a heating device 9 is arranged on the inner side of the isothermal forging heater shell 11; an upper heat insulation plate 1 is arranged at the joint of the isothermal forging upper die holder 2 and the shell, and a lower heat insulation plate 7 is arranged at the joint of the isothermal forging lower die holder 6 and the shell. The outer side of the isothermal forging heater shell 11 is provided with two die holders which are divided into an upper die holder 801 and a lower die holder 802, the upper die holder 801 is connected with the isothermal forging upper die holder 2, the lower die holder 802 is connected with the isothermal forging lower die holder 6, and the two die holders are used for fixing the isothermal forging upper die holder and the isothermal forging lower die holder.
An interlocking protection switch is arranged on the heating device 9, and when the furnace door is opened, the power supply is automatically cut off. The heating device is resistance heating, the power supply adopts a three-phase four-wire system, 380V and 50Hz, the rated power is 35KW, and a safety protection cover shell 10 is arranged at a terminal end of an electric heating leading-out rod or a leading-out wire with a grounding protection or reliable insulation operation tool and the heating device.
And the TiAl-based alloy stator blade isothermal molding device is also provided with a hydraulic press which is matched with the upper die holder and the lower die holder of the TiAl-based alloy stator blade isothermal molding device and is used for providing power for isothermal molding.
The isothermal forging heater is provided with a temperature control system, and the stable working temperature is 1100-1250 ℃.
A TiAl-based alloy stator blade isothermal forming manufacturing method comprises the following steps:
step 1: machining
According to the structural size of the TiAl-based alloy stator blade, carrying out machining blank manufacturing on the TiAl-based alloy to obtain a machining blank; the machining blank is a blank of a TiAl-based alloy stator blade, and the structural schematic diagram of the machining blank is shown in figure 1 and is of an irregular cylindrical structure; the machining blank comprises a blade body part and a shaft part;
step 2: isothermal pre-forging
Coating a glass lubricant on the surface of the machined blank, and wrapping the blank by using an asbestos felt with the thickness of 5-10 mm. The heating furnace is firstly heated to 800 ℃, then the machined blank wrapped with the asbestos felt is put into the furnace, heated to 1120 ℃ at the heating rate of 500 ℃/h, and kept warm for 3 hours, and then placed in an isothermal forging die at the temperature of 1000 ℃, the temperature of the isothermal forging heater is 1000 ℃, and the deformation rate is 0.10 mm/S. The deformation of the blade body is 25%, and the deformation of the shaft rod is 25%, so that the pre-forged piece is obtained.
And step 3: isothermal finish forging
And performing sand blowing, corrosion, defect removal and finishing treatment on the pre-forged piece. Coating glass lubricant on the surface of the pre-forging piece and wrapping the pre-forging piece by using asbestos felt with the thickness of 5-10 mm. The heating furnace is firstly heated to 800 ℃, then the pre-forging piece wrapped with the asbestos felt is put into the furnace, heated to 1120 ℃ at the heating rate of 500 ℃/h, and preserved for 3 hours, and then the pre-forging piece is placed in an isothermal forging die at the temperature of 1000 ℃, the heating temperature of the isothermal forging heater is maintained at 1000 ℃, and the deformation rate is 0.05 mm/S. The deformation of the blade body is 20%, and the deformation of the shaft rod is 20%, so that the final forged piece is obtained.
And 4, step 4: cleaning and heat treating of final forgings
Cleaning the surface of the forged piece by methods such as sand blowing, corrosion and the like; the heat treatment is carried out in the following way:
(1) solid solution: coating a glass lubricant on the surface of the finish forging, wrapping the finish forging by using an asbestos felt, putting the finish forging into a box, heating the finish forging to 1120 ℃ along with a furnace, preserving the heat for 4 hours, discharging the finish forging with the asbestos felt out of the furnace, and air-cooling the finish forging to room temperature;
and (2) aging after solid solution: putting the asbestos felt into a furnace, keeping the temperature for 12 hours at 850 ℃, cooling the asbestos felt along with the furnace to below 200 ℃, discharging the asbestos felt out of the furnace, and air cooling the asbestos felt to room temperature to obtain the TiAl-based alloy stator blade forging.
The quality of the TiAl-based alloy stator blade forging is detected, the room-temperature mechanical property is shown in Table 2, and the high-temperature mechanical property and the durability are shown in Table 3.
The structure performance of the TiAl-based alloy stator blade forging prepared by the embodiment is detected, a metallographic microscopic picture is shown in FIG. 5, and the structure is uniform from FIG. 5, so that a fine crystalline structure is obtained.
Example 2
An isothermal molding device of TiAl-based alloy stator blades is the same as that in the embodiment 1.
A TiAl-based alloy stator blade isothermal forming manufacturing method comprises the following steps:
step 1: machining
According to the structural size of the TiAl-based alloy stator blade, carrying out machining blank manufacturing on the TiAl-based alloy to obtain a machining blank; the machining blank is a blank of a TiAl-based alloy stator blade, and the structural schematic diagram of the machining blank is shown in figure 1 and is of an irregular cylindrical structure; the machining blank comprises a blade body part and a shaft part;
step 2: isothermal pre-forging
Coating a glass lubricant on the surface of the machined blank, and wrapping the blank by using an asbestos felt with the thickness of 5-10 mm. The heating furnace is firstly heated to 900 ℃, then the machined blank wrapped with the asbestos felt is put into the furnace, heated to 1220 ℃ at the heating rate of 600 ℃/h, and kept for 2.5 hours, and then placed in an isothermal forging die at the temperature of 1050 ℃, the temperature of the isothermal forging heater is 1050 ℃, and the deformation rate is 0.2 mm/S. The deformation of the blade body is 30%, and the deformation of the shaft rod is 30%, so that the pre-forged piece is obtained.
And step 3: isothermal finish forging
And performing sand blowing, corrosion, defect removal and finishing treatment on the pre-forged piece. Coating glass lubricant on the surface of the pre-forging piece and wrapping the pre-forging piece by using asbestos felt with the thickness of 5-10 mm. The heating furnace is firstly heated to 900 ℃, then the pre-forging piece wrapped with the asbestos felt is put into the furnace, heated to 1220 ℃ at the heating rate of 600 ℃/h, and kept for 2.5 hours, and then placed in an isothermal forging die at the temperature of 1050 ℃, the temperature of the isothermal forging heater is 1050 ℃, and the deformation rate is 0.10 mm/S. The deformation of the blade body is 20%, and the deformation of the shaft rod is 20%, so that the final forged piece is obtained.
And 4, step 4: cleaning and heat treating of final forgings
Cleaning the surface of the forged piece by methods such as sand blowing, corrosion and the like; the heat treatment is carried out in the following way:
(1) solid solution: coating a glass lubricant on the surface of the finish forging, wrapping the finish forging by using an asbestos felt, putting the finish forging into a box, heating the finish forging to 1220 ℃ along with a furnace, preserving the heat for 3 hours, discharging the finish forging with the asbestos felt out of the furnace, and air-cooling the finish forging to room temperature;
and (2) aging after solid solution: putting the asbestos felt into a furnace, keeping the temperature at 950 ℃ for 8 hours, cooling the asbestos felt along with the furnace to below 300 ℃, discharging the asbestos felt out of the furnace, and air-cooling the asbestos felt to room temperature to obtain the TiAl-based alloy stator blade forged piece.
The quality of the TiAl-based alloy stator blade forging is detected, the room-temperature mechanical property is shown in Table 2, and the high-temperature mechanical property and the durability are shown in Table 3.
The quality of the TiAl-based alloy stator blade forging prepared in the embodiment is evaluated, and the room-temperature mechanical properties are shown in the table 2 as follows:
TABLE 2 Room temperature mechanical properties of TiAl-based alloy stator blade forgings
| Corresponding embodiment | Test temperature/. degree.C | Rm/MPa | Rp(0.2)/MPa | A/％ |
| Example 1 | At room temperature | 711 | 701 | 2.0 |
| Example 2 | At room temperature | 713 | 711 | 2.5 |
| Technical target value | At room temperature | ≥690 | ≥500 | ≥2.0 |
TABLE 3 high temperature mechanical properties and durability of TiAl-based alloy stator blade forgings
Tables 2 and 3 show that the method provided by the invention can not only solve the problem of difficult plastic deformation in the preparation of the TiAl-based alloy stator blade, but also significantly improve the mechanical properties of the prepared TiAl-based alloy stator blade forging.
Example 3
An isothermal molding device of TiAl-based alloy stator blades is the same as that in the embodiment 1.
A TiAl-based alloy stator blade isothermal forming manufacturing method comprises the following steps:
step 1: machining
According to the structural size of the TiAl-based alloy stator blade, carrying out machining blank manufacturing on the TiAl-based alloy to obtain a machining blank; the machining blank is a blank of a TiAl-based alloy stator blade and has an irregular cylindrical structure; the machining blank comprises a blade body part and a shaft part;
step 2: isothermal pre-forging
Coating a glass lubricant on the surface of the machined blank, and wrapping the blank by using an asbestos felt with the thickness of 5-10 mm. The heating furnace is firstly heated to 850 ℃, then the machined blank wrapped with the asbestos felt is put into the furnace, heated to 1200 ℃ at the heating rate of 550 ℃/h, and kept warm for 3.5 hours, and then placed in an isothermal forging die at the temperature of 1000 ℃, the temperature of the isothermal forging heater is 1000 ℃, and the deformation rate is 0.1 mm/S. The deformation of the blade body is 25%, and the deformation of the shaft rod is 25%, so that the pre-forged piece is obtained.
And step 3: isothermal finish forging
And performing sand blowing, corrosion, defect removal and finishing treatment on the pre-forged piece. Coating glass lubricant on the surface of the pre-forging piece and wrapping the pre-forging piece by using asbestos felt with the thickness of 5-10 mm. The heating furnace is firstly heated to 850 ℃, then the pre-forging piece wrapped with the asbestos felt is put into the furnace, heated to 1200 ℃ at the heating rate of 550 ℃/h, and kept warm for 3.5 hours, and then placed in an isothermal forging die at the temperature of 1000 ℃, the temperature of the isothermal forging heater is 1000 ℃, and the deformation rate is 0.15 mm/S. The deformation of the blade body is 25%, and the deformation of the shaft rod is 25%, so that the final forged piece is obtained.
And 4, step 4: cleaning and heat treating of final forgings
Cleaning the surface of the forged piece by methods such as sand blowing, corrosion and the like; the heat treatment is carried out in the following way:
(1) solid solution: coating a glass lubricant on the surface of the finish forging, wrapping the finish forging by using an asbestos felt, putting the finish forging into a box, heating the finish forging to 1200 ℃ along with a furnace, preserving the heat for 2.5 hours, discharging the finish forging with the asbestos felt out of the furnace, and air-cooling the finish forging to room temperature;
and (2) aging after solid solution: putting the asbestos felt into a furnace, keeping the temperature at 900 ℃ for 10 hours, cooling the asbestos felt along with the furnace to below 300 ℃, discharging the asbestos felt out of the furnace, and air-cooling the asbestos felt to room temperature to obtain the TiAl-based alloy stator blade forged piece.
Claims (10)
1. A TiAl-based alloy stator blade isothermal forming manufacturing method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: machining
According to the structural size of the TiAl-based alloy stator blade, carrying out machining blank manufacturing on the TiAl-based alloy to obtain a machining blank; the machining blank is a blank of a TiAl-based alloy stator blade; the machining blank comprises a blade body part and a shaft part;
step 2: isothermal pre-forging
Coating a glass lubricant on the surface of a machining blank, wrapping the machining blank by adopting a heat-insulating and heat-resisting material, heating a heating furnace to 800-900 ℃, placing the wrapped machining blank in the heating furnace, slowly heating to 1120-1220 ℃ at a heating rate of 500-600 ℃/h, and preserving heat for 2.5-3.5 h;
after the heat preservation is finished, carrying out isothermal pre-forging at the temperature of 950-1050 ℃, wherein the deformation rate is 0.05-0.20 mm/s, the blade body deformation is 20-30%, and the shaft lever deformation is 20-30%, so as to obtain a pre-forged piece;
and step 3: isothermal finish forging
Cleaning the surface of the pre-forging piece, coating a glass lubricant on the surface, wrapping the pre-forging piece by using a heat-insulating and heat-resisting material, heating a heating furnace to 800-900 ℃, placing the wrapped pre-forging piece in the heating furnace, slowly heating to 1120-1220 ℃ at the heating rate of 500-600 ℃/h, and preserving heat for 2.5-3.5 h;
after the heat preservation is finished, carrying out isothermal final forging again, wherein the temperature of the isothermal final forging is 950-1050 ℃, the deformation rate is 0.05-0.20 mm/s, the deformation of the blade body is 20-30%, and the deformation of the shaft lever is 20-30%, so as to obtain a final forged piece;
and 4, step 4: thermal treatment
After the surface of the finish forging is cleaned, coating a glass lubricant on the surface, wrapping the finish forging by adopting a heat-insulating and heat-resisting material, heating to 1120-1220 ℃ along with a furnace, preserving heat for 3-4 h, carrying out solid solution, discharging from the furnace, carrying out air cooling to room temperature, and carrying out aging treatment, wherein the aging process parameters are as follows: and (3) placing the solid-solution forged piece with the heat-insulating and heat-resisting material at 850-950 ℃ for heat preservation for 8-12 h, cooling to below 200-300 ℃ along with the furnace, discharging from the furnace, and air-cooling to room temperature to obtain the TiAl-based alloy stator blade forged piece.
2. The isothermal molding manufacturing method of the TiAl-based alloy stator blade according to claim 1, wherein the heat-insulating and heat-resistant material is asbestos felt; the thickness of the asbestos felt is determined according to the structural size of the processed stator blade.
3. The method for isothermal forming of TiAl-based alloy stator blade according to claim 1, wherein in step 3, the surface cleaning process of the pre-forging includes but is not limited to sand blasting, corrosion, defect removal and finishing.
4. The method for isothermal forming of TiAl-based alloy stator blades according to claim 1, wherein in the step 4, the surface cleaning process of the final forging piece comprises but is not limited to sand blasting, corrosion, defect removal and finishing treatment.
5. The isothermal molding method for manufacturing the TiAl-based alloy stator blade as claimed in claim 1, wherein the tensile strength R at room temperature of the manufactured TiAl-based alloy stator blade forging ism710 to 715MPa, and a non-proportional elongation strength R is specifiedp(0.2)700 to 715MPa, and the elongation A after fracture is 2.0 to 2.5 percent; it has a tensile strength R at 700 ℃ and instantaneous elongationm700 to 730MPa, and residual yield strength Rp(0.2)640-655 MPa, elongation A after fracture of 3.0-5.5%, reduction of area Z of 2-4%, in the endurance performance, the applied stress sigma is 225MPa, and the creep rupture time tau is 200 h.
6. A TiAl-based alloy stator blade isothermal forming device is characterized by comprising an isothermal forging heater and an isothermal forging die, wherein in the TiAl-based alloy stator blade isothermal forming manufacturing method of claim 1, isothermal pre-forging and isothermal final forging are both implemented by the TiAl-based alloy stator blade isothermal forming device;
the isothermal forging die comprises an upper die, a lower die, a limiting key groove and an adjusting base plate; the upper die and the lower die are matched with each other to form an isothermal molding cavity, an adjusting base plate is arranged between the upper die and the lower die, an upper die limiting key groove is formed in the upper die, and a lower die limiting key groove is formed in the lower die;
in the isothermal forging die, an upper die and a lower die are subjected to hot isostatic pressing molding by adopting FGH97 powder alloy and are manufactured by electric pulse processing molding, and the temperature bearing capacity of the isothermal forging die reaches 1220 ℃;
the isothermal forging heater comprises an isothermal forging heater shell, an isothermal forging upper die base, an isothermal forging lower die base, a heating device, an upper heat insulation plate and a lower heat insulation plate; the isothermal forging die is arranged in the isothermal forging heater shell, an upper die is connected with an isothermal forging upper die base of the isothermal forging heater, a lower die is connected with an isothermal forging lower die base of the isothermal forging heater, and the heating device is arranged on the inner side of the isothermal forging heater shell; an upper heat insulation plate is arranged at the joint of the isothermal forging upper die holder and the shell, and a lower heat insulation plate is arranged at the joint of the isothermal forging lower die holder and the shell.
7. The isothermal molding device for the TiAl-based alloy stator blade according to claim 6, wherein the heating device is provided with an interlocking protection switch, the heating device is resistance-heated, the power supply adopts a three-phase four-wire system, 380V and 50Hz, the rated power is 30-40 KW, and the end of the resistance-heated electric heating leading-out rod or the end of the electric heating leading-out wire is provided with a safety protection housing.
8. The isothermal molding device of TiAl-based alloy stator blades according to claim 6, wherein the isothermal molding device of TiAl-based alloy stator blades is further provided with a hydraulic press in a matching manner for providing power for isothermal molding.
9. The isothermal molding device for the TiAl-based alloy stator blade as claimed in claim 6, wherein the isothermal forging heater housing is provided at an outer side thereof with two die holders, the two die holders are divided into an upper die holder and a lower die holder, the upper die holder is connected with the upper isothermal forging die holder, the lower die holder is connected with the lower isothermal forging die holder, and the two die holders are used for fixing the upper isothermal forging die holder and the lower isothermal forging die holder.
10. The TiAl-based alloy stator blade isothermal molding device according to claim 6, wherein the FGH97 powder alloy comprises the following main components in percentage by mass: 8.0-10.0% of Cr, 15.0-16.5% of Co, 3.5-4.2% of Mo, 5.2-5.9% of W, 4.8-5.3% of Al, 1.6-2.0% of Ti, 2.4-2.8% of Nb, 0.02-0.06% of C, 0.1-0.4% of Hf, less than or equal to 0.01% of Ce, less than or equal to 0.015% of B, less than or equal to 0.02% of Mg, less than or equal to 0.015% of Zr, less than or equal to 0.5% of Mn, less than or equal to 0.5% of Si, less than or equal to 0.5% of Fe, less than or equal to 0.009% of S, less than or equal.
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Cited By (1)
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