CN115283592A - Forging and heat treatment process of 7050 aluminum alloy large ring piece - Google Patents
Forging and heat treatment process of 7050 aluminum alloy large ring piece Download PDFInfo
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- CN115283592A CN115283592A CN202210837020.9A CN202210837020A CN115283592A CN 115283592 A CN115283592 A CN 115283592A CN 202210837020 A CN202210837020 A CN 202210837020A CN 115283592 A CN115283592 A CN 115283592A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J1/00—Preparing metal stock or similar ancillary operations prior, during or post forging, e.g. heating or cooling
- B21J1/02—Preliminary treatment of metal stock without particular shaping, e.g. salvaging segregated zones, forging or pressing in the rough
- B21J1/025—Preliminary treatment of metal stock without particular shaping, e.g. salvaging segregated zones, forging or pressing in the rough affecting grain orientation
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
- B21B5/00—Extending closed shapes of metal bands by rolling
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J1/00—Preparing metal stock or similar ancillary operations prior, during or post forging, e.g. heating or cooling
- B21J1/06—Heating or cooling methods or arrangements specially adapted for performing forging or pressing operations
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
- B21J5/06—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor for performing particular operations
- B21J5/10—Piercing billets
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/002—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working by rapid cooling or quenching; cooling agents used therefor
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/053—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with zinc as the next major constituent
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Abstract
A forging and heat treatment process of a 7050 aluminum alloy large ring piece comprises the following steps: s1, designing the size of an ingot; s2, ingot casting heating; s3, preheating a tool and a die; s4, forging the ingot; s5, returning and preserving heat; s6, punching; s7, returning again and preserving heat; s8, reaming the trestle; s9, returning again and preserving heat; s10, ring rolling; s11, machining; s12, carrying out solid solution treatment; s13, cold deformation; s14, aging treatment; s15 machining again. The invention provides a full-flow forming and heat treatment process scheme for a large 7050 aluminum alloy ring, fully forging an ingot by a multidirectional forging process, crushing residual crystalline phases in an as-cast structure, gradually increasing a solid solution temperature, prolonging a solid solution time, reducing undissolved crystalline phases and improving a solid solution degree by multi-stage strengthening solid solution. The shape and distribution of the precipitated phases in the crystal and in the crystal boundary are regulated and controlled by two stages of aging, so that the product has high strength and high stress corrosion resistance.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of aluminum alloy plastic forming and heat treatment, in particular to a forging and heat treatment process for a 7050 aluminum alloy large ring piece.
Background
The large ring piece is widely applied to the fields of heavy machinery, aerospace, energy and the like. In the aerospace field, large rings are mainly made of 2A14 and 2219 aluminum alloys, but the strength of the 2XXX aluminum alloy is lower than that of the 7XXX aluminum alloy, and the 2XXX aluminum alloy cannot meet the service requirements of special products, so the 7XXX aluminum alloy is a key research object of the current aerospace model. The 7XXX series aluminum alloy as the super hard aluminum has the advantages of high specific strength, high yield ratio, good stress corrosion resistance and the like, wherein the 7050 aluminum alloy has higher comprehensive performance and is mainly used for manufacturing components bearing high load.
The large ring piece is a main bearing component in a storage box structure of a spacecraft, multiple acting forces such as radial pressure, axial pressure, bending moment and the like are applied to the large ring piece in the service process, the stress state is complex, the comprehensive performance requirement is high, the manufacturing of the 7050 aluminum alloy large ring piece is a key technology for developing the storage box of the spacecraft, but at present, the research and the manufacturing of the 7050 aluminum alloy large ring piece in China are few, and no mature and stable deformation and heat treatment process can be used for reference.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a forging and heat treatment process of a 7050 aluminum alloy large ring piece for solving the problems, and the product manufactured by the process has uniform structure and high comprehensive performance.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a forging and heat treatment process for a 7050 aluminum alloy large ring piece comprises the following steps:
s1, ingot casting size design: the raw material adopts 7050 aluminum alloy semi-continuous ingot casting, the size of the ingot casting is designed according to the size of a part, and the height-diameter ratio L/D = 2-2.5 is required;
s2, ingot casting heating: heating the 7050 aluminum alloy cast ingot by an electric furnace, charging at room temperature, heating to 430 +/-5 ℃ along with the furnace, and keeping the heat preservation coefficient at 2.2-3 min/mm;
s3, preheating a tool and a die: heating the upper and lower hammering blocks in a heating furnace, preserving heat for 6-10 h at 250 ℃, and smearing a lubricant after discharging and mounting;
s4, ingot casting and forging modification: the ingot is re-forged by adopting a three-upsetting three-drawing multidirectional forging mode, namely, the ingot is subjected to upsetting and drawing deformation once in three mutually vertical directions, then the ingot is subjected to upsetting deformation for the last time in the axial direction, and a cake blank is obtained after upsetting, wherein the height of the blank is 120-500 mm;
s5, returning to the furnace for heat preservation: keeping the cake blank at the temperature of 430 +/-5 ℃ for 4-6 h;
s6, punching: preheating and lubricating a punch, placing the punch in the center of a cake blank, slowly pressing down for multiple times, smearing a lubricant after pulling out the punch each time and before pressing down, and finally punching after the thickness of the continuous crust is 100-150 mm;
s7, re-melting and preserving heat: keeping the cake blank at the temperature of 430 +/-5 ℃ for 4-6 h;
s8, trestle reaming: carrying out trestle reaming and end face flattening on the punched blank to prepare a ring blank;
s9, re-melting and preserving heat: keeping the cake-shaped blank at the temperature of 430 +/-5 ℃ for 4-6 h;
s10, ring rolling: preheating a roller before rolling, keeping the temperature at 250 ℃ for 3-5 h, keeping the rotation speed of a main roller of a ring rolling mill at 0.5-0.6 m/s, the diameter growth rate at 2-3 mm/s, monitoring the material temperature in the ring rolling process, and ensuring that the final forging temperature is not lower than 380 ℃;
s11, machining: the surface of the ring piece after ring rolling is processed, particularly the upper end surface and the lower end surface, so that the end surfaces and the inner and outer circular surfaces are not damaged by folding.
S12, solid solution treatment: carrying out solid solution treatment on the ring piece by adopting graded solid solution till Wen Rulu, starting timing when the furnace temperature reaches 465 ℃, and keeping the temperature for 1.6-1.8 min; then the furnace temperature is raised to 475 ℃, and the temperature is kept for 0.6 to 0.7min; and finally, raising the temperature of the furnace to 480 ℃, preserving the temperature for 0.6-0.7 min, and cooling the part in water for not less than 20min after the part is taken out of the furnace and quenched.
S13, cold deformation: the part is taken out from the quenching tank and then is subjected to cold forging in time, and is subjected to cold pressing deformation in the height direction of the ring piece, wherein the deformation amount is controlled to be 2-3%;
s14, aging treatment: timely aging after the part is subjected to cold forging, performing aging treatment on the ring piece by adopting two-stage aging, heating along with a furnace, preserving the temperature of the ring piece at 121 ℃ for 4-6 h, preserving the temperature at 176 ℃ for 4-6 h, and discharging the ring piece from the furnace for air cooling;
s15, machining again: and machining the aged ring piece to a target delivery size.
And in the step S4, after three piers and three pulls, the length direction after the last pull-out is ensured to be the height direction of the original cast ingot, the upsetting deformation in the process is ensured to be 55-65%, and the pull-out deformation is ensured to be 40-50%.
And S4, monitoring the material temperature in real time in the ingot casting and forging changing process in the step S4, and ensuring that the final forging temperature is not lower than 380 ℃.
And the temperature of the blank after the punching step in the step S6 is not lower than 380 ℃.
And S8, monitoring the material temperature in real time in the reaming process of the trestle in the step S, and ensuring that the finish forging temperature is not lower than 380 ℃.
And when the temperature in the ring rolling process of the step S10 is close to 400 ℃, the diameter growth rate is increased, and when the temperature in the rolling process is close to 440 ℃, the diameter growth rate is reduced.
And aging is carried out in time after the S13 cold deformation process, and the interval between the cold deformation process and the aging process is within 30 min.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention provides a full-flow forming and heat treatment process scheme aiming at a 7050 aluminum alloy large ring piece with the diameter of 5m grade, fully carries out forging on an ingot by a multidirectional forging process, breaks residual crystalline phases in an as-cast structure, and gradually increases the solid solution temperature, prolongs the solid solution time, reduces the undissolved crystalline phases and improves the solid solution degree by multi-stage strengthening solid solution. The shape and distribution of the precipitated phases in the crystal and in the crystal boundary are regulated and controlled by two stages of aging, so that the product has high strength and high stress corrosion resistance.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a metallographic picture of the 7050 aluminum alloy large ring piece of the invention magnified 100 times.
FIG. 2 is a metallographic picture magnified 500 times of the 7050 aluminum alloy large ring piece of the invention.
Detailed Description
The invention relates to a forging and heat treatment process of a 7050 aluminum alloy large ring piece, which manufactures a 5-meter 7050 aluminum alloy large ring piece with uniform structure and high comprehensive performance in the modes of multi-directional forging, multi-stage solid solution, two-stage aging and the like.
Example 1
Aiming at 7050 aluminum alloy 5m rings in a certain space carrier and the sizes of parts phi 5030 multiplied by phi 4984 multiplied by 80mm, considering factors such as process consumption, machining allowance, sampling rings and the like, the sizes of forgings phi 5070 multiplied by phi 4885 multiplied by 105mm are designed;
s1, designing the size of an ingot: the raw material adopts 7050 aluminum alloy semi-continuous cast ingot, and the size of the cast ingot is phi 580 multiplied by 1230 according to the size of parts;
s2, ingot casting heating: heating the 7050 aluminum alloy ingot by an electric furnace, charging at room temperature, heating to 430 +/-5 ℃ along with the furnace, and keeping the temperature for 580 multiplied by 2.5min/mm =1450min;
s3, preheating a tool and a die: heating the upper and lower hammering blocks in a heating furnace, preserving heat for 8 hours at 250 ℃, and smearing a lubricant after discharging and mounting;
s4, ingot casting and forging changing: the ingot is reformed and forged by adopting a three-upsetting three-drawing multidirectional forging mode, upsetting is firstly carried out along the Z direction of the ingot to H =500mm, then upsetting is carried out along the X direction to 540X 1115mm, then upsetting is carried out along the X direction to H =500mm, then upsetting is carried out along the Y direction to 540X 1115mm, upsetting is carried out along the Y direction to H =500mm, then upsetting is carried out along the Z direction to 540X 1115mm, the blank after three-upsetting three-drawing returns to the Z direction of the original ingot, then upsetting is carried out along the Z direction to H =200mm, the material temperature is monitored in real time in the forging reforming process, and the final forging temperature is guaranteed to be not lower than 380 ℃;
s5, returning and preserving heat: keeping the cake-shaped blank at the temperature of 430 +/-5 ℃ for 5 hours;
s6, punching: preheating and lubricating a punch head, placing the punch head in the center of a cake blank, slowly pressing down for multiple times, smearing a lubricant after pulling out the punch head and before pressing down each time, and finally punching to ensure that the temperature of the punched blank is not lower than 380 ℃;
s7, returning to the furnace for heat preservation: keeping the cake-shaped blank at the temperature of 430 +/-5 ℃ for 5 hours;
s8, trestle reaming: carrying out trestle reaming and end face leveling on the punched blank to prepare a ring blank with the size of phi 2200 multiplied by phi 1740 multiplied by 205mm, and monitoring the temperature of the material in real time during the horse reaming process to ensure that the final forging temperature is not lower than 380 ℃;
s9, re-melting and preserving heat: keeping the cake-shaped blank at the temperature of 430 +/-5 ℃ for 5 hours;
s10, ring rolling: the roller is preheated before rolling, and the temperature is kept at 250 ℃ for 5 hours. The main roller of the ring rolling mill rotates at 0.6m/s, the diameter growth rate is 2.5mm/s, the diameter is 5090 multiplied by phi 4840 multiplied by 150mm, the temperature of the material is monitored during the ring rolling process to ensure that the finish forging temperature is not lower than 380 ℃, the diameter growth rate is increased to 3mm/s when the temperature is close to 400 ℃ during the rolling process, and the diameter growth rate is reduced to 2mm/s when the temperature is close to 440 ℃ during the rolling process.
S11, machining: and (3) performing surface processing on the ring piece subjected to ring rolling, particularly processing the upper end face and the lower end face to phi 5090 multiplied by phi 4840 multiplied by 130mm, and ensuring that the end faces and the inner and outer circular faces have no folding damage and the like.
S12, solid solution treatment: carrying out solid solution treatment on the ring piece by adopting graded solid solution till Wen Rulu, timing when the furnace temperature reaches 465 ℃, and preserving heat for 220min; then the furnace temperature is increased to 475 ℃, and the temperature is kept for 80min; and finally, raising the temperature of the furnace to 480 ℃, and preserving the temperature for 80min. The time for cooling the parts in water after the parts are taken out of the furnace and quenched is not less than 20min.
S13, cold deformation: and (3) taking the part out of the quenching tank, performing cold forging in time (the working procedure interval is controlled within 30 min), and performing cold pressing deformation in the height direction of the ring piece, wherein the deformation amount is controlled to be 3-4.5 mm.
S14, aging treatment: and (3) timely aging the parts after cold forging, controlling the process interval within 30min, performing aging treatment on the ring by adopting two-stage aging, and heating along with the furnace. The ring is kept warm for 6h at 121 ℃ and then for 4h at 176 ℃. And discharging the ring piece from the furnace and air cooling.
S15, machining: the ring is machined to the target delivery size phi 5070 x phi 4885 x 105mm.
Through detection, the microstructure of the 5m ring manufactured by adopting the forging and heat treatment process of the 7050 aluminum alloy large ring piece is shown in figure 1. The mechanical properties are shown in table 1 below,
TABLE 1
As can be seen from figures 1 and 2, the 7050 aluminum alloy large ring processed by the process has uniform structure, fine grains and grain size of about 10-20 microns. From Table 1, the mechanical property level of the part is higher, the tangential strength is 600MPa, and the elongation is 13%; the tangential strength is 546MPa, and the elongation is 7.8 percent; the tangential strength is 580MPa, the elongation is 6 percent, and no performance low-value point exists in each direction.
The embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail, but the description is only for the preferred embodiments of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. All equivalent changes and modifications made within the scope of the present invention shall fall within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A forging and heat treatment process for a large 7050 aluminum alloy ring piece is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, designing the size of an ingot: the raw material adopts 7050 aluminum alloy semi-continuous ingot casting, the size of the ingot casting is designed according to the size of a part, and the height-diameter ratio L/D = 2-2.5 is required;
s2, ingot casting heating: heating the 7050 aluminum alloy cast ingot by an electric furnace, charging at room temperature, heating to 430 +/-5 ℃ along with the furnace, and keeping the heat preservation coefficient at 2.2-3 min/mm;
s3, preheating a tool and a die: heating the upper and lower hammering blocks in a heating furnace, preserving heat for 6-10 h at 250 ℃, and smearing a lubricant after discharging and mounting;
s4, ingot casting and forging changing: the ingot is re-forged by adopting a three-upsetting three-drawing multidirectional forging mode, namely, the ingot is subjected to upsetting and drawing deformation once in three mutually vertical directions, then the ingot is subjected to upsetting deformation for the last time in the axial direction, and a cake blank is obtained after upsetting, wherein the height of the blank is 120-500 mm;
s5, returning and preserving heat: keeping the cake blank at 430 +/-5 ℃ for 4-6 h;
s6, punching: preheating and lubricating a punch, placing the punch in the center of a cake blank, slowly pressing down for multiple times, smearing a lubricant after pulling out the punch each time and before pressing down, and finally punching after the thickness of the continuous crust is 100-150 mm;
s7, re-melting and preserving heat: keeping the cake blank at 430 +/-5 ℃ for 4-6 h;
s8, trestle reaming: carrying out trestle reaming and end surface leveling on the punched blank to prepare a ring blank;
s9, returning again for heat preservation: keeping the cake-shaped blank at the temperature of 430 +/-5 ℃ for 4-6 h;
s10, ring rolling: preheating a roller before rolling, keeping the temperature at 250 ℃ for 3-5 h, keeping the rotating speed of a main roller of a ring rolling mill at 0.5-0.6 m/s, the diameter growth rate at 2-3 mm/s, monitoring the material temperature in the ring rolling process, and ensuring that the finish forging temperature is not lower than 380 ℃;
s11, machining: processing the surface of the ring piece after ring rolling, particularly processing the upper end face and the lower end face, and ensuring that the end face and the inner and outer circular faces are free from folding damage;
s12, solid solution treatment: carrying out solid solution treatment on the ring piece by adopting graded solid solution till Wen Rulu, starting timing when the furnace temperature reaches 465 ℃, and keeping the temperature for 1.6-1.8 min; then the furnace temperature is raised to 475 ℃, and the temperature is kept for 0.6 to 0.7min; finally, the temperature of the furnace is increased to 480 ℃, the temperature is kept for 0.6-0.7 min, and the time for cooling the parts in water after the parts are taken out of the furnace and quenched is not less than 20min;
s13, cold deformation: the part is taken out from the quenching tank and then is subjected to cold forging in time, and is subjected to cold pressing deformation in the height direction of the ring piece, wherein the deformation amount is controlled to be 2-3%;
s14, aging treatment: timely aging after the part is subjected to cold forging, performing aging treatment on the ring piece by adopting two-stage aging, heating along with a furnace, preserving the temperature of the ring piece at 121 ℃ for 4-6 h, preserving the temperature at 176 ℃ for 4-6 h, and discharging the ring piece from the furnace for air cooling;
s15, machining again: and machining the aged ring piece to a target delivery size.
2. The forging and heat treatment process of the large 7050 aluminum alloy ring according to claim 1, wherein the length direction after the three-pier three-drawing in the step S4 is ensured to be the height direction of the original ingot, the upsetting deformation in the process is ensured to be 55-65%, and the elongation deformation is ensured to be 40-50%.
3. The forging and heat treatment process for the large 7050 aluminum alloy ring piece according to claim 2, wherein the temperature of the material is monitored in real time in the ingot re-forging process in the step S4, and the final forging temperature is guaranteed to be not lower than 380 ℃.
4. The forging and heat treatment process for the large 7050 aluminum alloy ring according to claim 1, wherein the temperature of the blank after the punching step in the step S6 is not lower than 380 ℃.
5. The forging and heat treatment process for the large 7050 aluminum alloy ring according to claim 1, wherein the temperature of the material is monitored in real time in the broaching process of the trestle in the step S8, and the final forging temperature is guaranteed to be not lower than 380 ℃.
6. The forging and heat treatment process for the large 7050 aluminum alloy ring piece according to claim 1, wherein the diameter growth rate is increased when the temperature in the ring rolling process in the step S10 is close to 400 ℃, and the diameter growth rate is decreased when the temperature in the ring rolling process is close to 440 ℃.
7. The forging and heat treatment process of the large 7050 aluminum alloy ring piece according to claim 1, wherein the aging is performed in time after the step of cold deformation S13, and the interval between the step of cold deformation and the step of aging is within 30 min.
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Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN115652233A (en) * | 2022-11-11 | 2023-01-31 | 湖南中创空天新材料股份有限公司 | Preparation method of heat exposure resistant 7050 aluminum alloy ring piece |
CN115740313A (en) * | 2022-11-21 | 2023-03-07 | 湖南中创空天新材料股份有限公司 | Machining process of conical forge piece |
CN115961223A (en) * | 2022-12-19 | 2023-04-14 | 湖南中创空天新材料股份有限公司 | Method for removing residual stress |
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2022
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Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN115652233A (en) * | 2022-11-11 | 2023-01-31 | 湖南中创空天新材料股份有限公司 | Preparation method of heat exposure resistant 7050 aluminum alloy ring piece |
CN115740313A (en) * | 2022-11-21 | 2023-03-07 | 湖南中创空天新材料股份有限公司 | Machining process of conical forge piece |
CN115961223A (en) * | 2022-12-19 | 2023-04-14 | 湖南中创空天新材料股份有限公司 | Method for removing residual stress |
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