CN104624914B - Radially forging strain provocation method prepares the Semi-solid Process of engine aluminum alloy camshaft - Google Patents
Radially forging strain provocation method prepares the Semi-solid Process of engine aluminum alloy camshaft Download PDFInfo
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- CN104624914B CN104624914B CN201410828403.5A CN201410828403A CN104624914B CN 104624914 B CN104624914 B CN 104624914B CN 201410828403 A CN201410828403 A CN 201410828403A CN 104624914 B CN104624914 B CN 104624914B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21K—MAKING FORGED OR PRESSED METAL PRODUCTS, e.g. HORSE-SHOES, RIVETS, BOLTS OR WHEELS
- B21K1/00—Making machine elements
- B21K1/06—Making machine elements axles or shafts
- B21K1/12—Making machine elements axles or shafts of specially-shaped cross-section
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
- B21J5/002—Hybrid process, e.g. forging following casting
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
- B21J5/06—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor for performing particular operations
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D18/00—Pressure casting; Vacuum casting
- B22D18/02—Pressure casting making use of mechanical pressure devices, e.g. cast-forging
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
- B23P15/14—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass gear parts, e.g. gear wheels
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- Valve-Gear Or Valve Arrangements (AREA)
Abstract
Radially forging strain provocation method prepares the Semi-solid Process of engine aluminum alloy camshaft, first preheat rods and bars of aluminium alloy, rods and bars of aluminium alloy is carried out radial forging, the secondary remelting of blank after radial forging, then the extrusion casint of aluminium alloy camshaft is carried out, the subsequent treatment of last radially aluminium alloy camshaft, can be prepared uniformly by this technique, without the aluminium alloy semi-solid state blank of microdefect and shape that microstructure defect is few, the aluminium alloy camshaft of good mechanical property, technical process is simple, easily operates.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to semisolid Metal Processing and forming technique field, particularly relate to radially forging strain provocation method and prepare the Semi-solid Process of engine aluminum alloy camshaft.
Background technology
In recent years, along with the requirement of living environment is improved constantly by people, energy-saving and emission-reduction become new problem.And the important means of energy-saving and emission-reduction is the lightweight realizing automobile to reduce the discharge of vehicle exhaust.Therefore, on the premise of not affecting part performance, making part simplify processing as far as possible, reduce weight, materials'use is more reasonable.Lightweight specifically includes material lightweight, technique lightweight and structure lightened.Material lightweight is primarily referred to as replacing iron and steel copper etc., such as aluminium alloy and magnesium alloy with the non-ferrous metal of lightweight.As aluminium alloy has extraordinary casting character and processing characteristics.
Camshaft is part important in automobile engine air distributing device, is responsible for specially driving valve to open and close on time, it is ensured that engine timing at work sucks fresh combustion mixture for cylinder and in time the waste gas after burning discharged cylinder.Traditional camshaft is casting or forging mostly, and part occasion there is also combined type assembling camshaft.Cast type camshaft mainly has chilled cast iron, quenching cast iron etc..In recent years develop the camshaft heavily melting the various ways such as chilled cast iron, quenching spheroidal graphite cast-iron, but it is of limited application because of reasons such as costs.Additionally, the dimensional accuracy of casting cam is coarse, microstructure defect is more, and machining allowance is big, causes complex manufacturing.And forging formula camshaft with carbon steel is that master carries out forge hot, but the production efficiency of forging formula camshaft is low, stock utilization is low, and machine utilization is big, and mould loss is serious.Assembled camshaft is made up of precision tube and the cam joint being fitted thereon, and welded connection type camshaft easily makes welding position crack, and the thermal deformation of generation makes the dimensional accuracy of camshaft reduce, difficult quality guarantee；Sintering interconnection system camshaft needs to be connected with steel pipe diffusion in large-scale fritting furnace more than 1000 DEG C, and axle easily produces bending, causes dimensional accuracy error, and the thermal efficiency is the highest；Pipe expanding method, due to the particular/special requirement of operations involving high pressure, also makes its equipment enlarging.
In order to alleviate the weight of camshaft and follow-up amount of machining further, aluminium alloy semi-solid squeeze casting technology can be used to produce aluminium alloy camshaft and to replace cast iron or carbon steel camshaft.Semi-solid processing i.e. uses microstructure to be the technique that spheric grain is suspended in that the semi-solid blank of eutectic liquid phase forms.Semi-solid state forming technique it is critical only that preparation has globular crystal and is suspended in the semi-solid blank of eutectic liquid phase.But the preparation method of routine all has respective shortcoming: for mechanical mixing method, and high temperature exists serious corrosiveness to mechanical agitator, causes slurry impure.Slurry for electromagnetic stirring method, semisolid or liquid has strong heat radiation effect to magnetic stirrer, causes magnetic stirrer to need to increase extra heat insulation cooling device, and equipment is complicated.In addition there is component segregation phenomenon inside the semi-solid blank that prepared by mechanical agitation and electromagnetic agitation, the microstructure of blank center is poor, and inevitably there is Micro porosity, it is impossible to enough obtain semi-solid blank uniform, flawless.And the main plastic deformation method that strain-induced activation method relates to is the conventional methods such as compression, rolling, Equal Channel Angular Pressing, the most upset pulling.But when these methods prepare bulk blank, the plastic force required for large plastometric set is excessive, and existing equipment is difficulty with.It is unable to the large-sized semi-solid blank of large batch of production.
Summary of the invention
For the shortcoming overcoming above-mentioned prior art, it is an object of the invention to provide radially forging strain provocation method and prepare the Semi-solid Process of engine aluminum alloy camshaft, can be prepared uniformly by this technique, without the aluminium alloy semi-solid state blank of microdefect and shape that microstructure defect is few, the aluminium alloy camshaft of good mechanical property.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention takes following technical scheme:
Radially forging strain provocation method prepares the Semi-solid Process of engine aluminum alloy camshaft, comprises the following steps:
1) preheating rods and bars of aluminium alloy, is heated to 250～350 DEG C by rods and bars of aluminium alloy with stove, and is incubated, and is 0.5D～0.7D minute for the temperature retention time that the bar of different-diameter is concrete, and D is the diameter of bar；
2) rods and bars of aluminium alloy is carried out radial forging, i.e. it is sent into by manipulator clamping preheating rods and bars of aluminium alloy axial rotary, radial forging machine is symmetrical four tups around blank, radially carry out high-frequent reciprocating along blank to forge, making blank pull out in the case of multi-head spiral extensional to attenuate, the contraction percentage of area reaches more than 60%, for various sizes of part, according to the blank diameter needed for its part, forge to required diameter；
3) secondary remelting of blank after radial forging, blank after radial forging is put back in electric furnace or Medium Frequency Induction Heating Furnace and carry out secondary remelting, i.e. it is heated to 585～595 DEG C and is incubated 15～20min, acquisition has globular crystal and is suspended in the semi-solid blank of eutectic liquid phase, and the solid rate that now rods and bars of aluminium alloy is corresponding is 35.5～52.5%；
4) extrusion casint of aluminium alloy camshaft, mold cavity and plug are preheated, preheating temperature is 200～300 DEG C, and the secondary remelting blank cut according to cam shaft blank volume segments is put into mold cavity, after matched moulds, plug inwardly extrudes from both sides with the speed of 20mm/s-60mm/s, is pressed into place rear mold and mandrel persistent pressure, ensure that camshaft part suffered ratio pressure is 80-100Mpa, until part solidifies completely；
5) subsequent treatment of aluminium alloy camshaft, carries out the camshaft that semi-solid squeeze casting obtains T6 heat treatment, and cam joint is carried out chemical vapor deposition process, it is ensured that deposit thickness reaches 5mm, and hardness reaches 50HRC, and last grinding cam saves.
Relative to prior art, Radial Forging Technology is used for preparing aluminium alloy semi-solid state blank and manufacturing aluminium alloy camshaft part having the advantage that by the present invention
The mode that Radial Forging Technology the most of the present invention uses repeatedly small deformation to forge continuously realizes the large plastometric set of blank, greatly reduce Plastic Forming power, can on the equipment of little tonnage continuously high-volume manufacture aluminium alloy semi-solid state blank, there is low cost, continuous production capacity is strong and performance is high feature.Avoid Equal Channel Angular Pressing that tradition strain-induced method uses, that deformable material size that the technique such as rolling, repeatedly forging occurs increases then deformation force is excessive, it is difficult to the shortcoming deformed on existing.Therefore the method may replace or part replacement uses other to be plastically deformed the semi-solid blank of aluminium alloy prepared by mode, magnesium alloy, and ferrous materials, the effective difficulty solving the volumetric constraint that other plastic deformation methods exist.The microstructure being prepared semi solid slurry by radial forging strain-induced method technique is good, and microdefect is few, and forming property is good, and technical process is simple, easy operation, it is to avoid the component segregation that mechanical mixing method and electromagnetic stirring method exist, the defect that microstructure is uneven.
2., during the present invention uses semi-solid squeeze casting process forming aluminium alloy camshaft, semi solid slurry is order filling mold cavity in the way of laminar motion.Laminar motion is conducive to discharging the air in mold cavity, the microstructure defect such as pore that when can be prevented effectively from liquid forging, the turbulent flow of liquid metal and jet phenomenon are brought and Shrinkage cavity, part after shaping is that the most tiny independent globular crystal is distributed on low-melting-point eutectic due to its metallographic structure, it is to avoid tradition arborescent structure in Melted Metal Squeezing Workpieces or casting and the microstress that occurs is concentrated.Mandrel and upper mold pressurize simultaneously solidify to part, it is possible to eliminate the microstructure defect such as pore and Shrinkage cavity to greatest extent, and formation of parts can carry out being heat-treated the mechanical performance further enhancing part.Aluminium alloy hot strength after T6 is heat-treated can reach 290～310Mpa, and percentage elongation reaches 8%-10%, and mechanical performance is suitable with cast iron cam shaft.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the technological principle schematic diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the process chart of the present invention.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, illustrating with the aluminium alloy bars of Φ 100mm, the present invention is described in further detail.
Seeing figures.1.and.2, radially forging strain provocation method prepares the Semi-solid Process of engine aluminum alloy camshaft, comprises the following steps:
1) preheating rods and bars of aluminium alloy, is heated to 250～350 DEG C by Φ 100 rods and bars of aluminium alloy with stove, and is incubated 60～70 minutes, it is ensured that whole blank heat penetration；
2) rods and bars of aluminium alloy is carried out radial forging, i.e. it is sent into by manipulator clamping preheating rods and bars of aluminium alloy axial rotary, radial forging machine is symmetrical four tups around blank, radially carry out high-frequent reciprocating along blank to forge, making blank pull out in the case of multi-head spiral extensional to attenuate, the contraction percentage of area reaches more than 60%, for various sizes of part, according to the blank diameter needed for its part, forge to required diameter；
3) secondary remelting of blank after radial forging, blank after radial forging is put back in electric furnace or Medium Frequency Induction Heating Furnace and carry out secondary remelting, i.e. it is heated to 585～595 DEG C and is incubated 15～20min, acquisition has globular crystal and is suspended in the semi-solid blank of eutectic liquid phase, and the solid rate that now rods and bars of aluminium alloy is corresponding is 35.5～52.5%；
4) extrusion casint of aluminium alloy camshaft, mold cavity and plug are preheated, preheating temperature is 200～300 DEG C, and the secondary remelting blank cut according to cam shaft blank volume segments is put into mold cavity, after matched moulds, plug inwardly extrudes from both sides with the speed of 20mm/s-60mm/s, is pressed into place rear mold and mandrel persistent pressure, ensure that camshaft part suffered ratio pressure is 80-100Mpa, until part solidifies completely；
5) subsequent treatment of aluminium alloy camshaft, the camshaft that semi-solid squeeze casting obtains is carried out T6 heat treatment, increase its mechanical property further, and cam joint is carried out chemical vapor deposition process, ensure that deposit thickness reaches 5mm, hardness reaches the 50HRC wearability with enhancing surface, and last grinding cam joint ensures its molded line.
Pass through above step, it is possible to the spheric grain of acquisition 80～100um is evenly distributed in eutectic matrix and the less aluminium alloy semi-solid state blank of microstructure defect, significantly decreases the microdefect such as component segregation, Shrinkage cavity.By the laminar-flow type order filling mold cavity of semi-solid aluminium alloy blank, pore can be prepared few, Shrinkage cavity is few, the aluminium alloy camshaft product of even tissue, and is heat-treated by T6 and strengthens the mechanical property of part and chemical gaseous phase deposition strengthens case hardness and the wearability at cam joint position.
Claims (1)
1. radially forging strain provocation method prepares the Semi-solid Process of engine aluminum alloy camshaft, its feature
It is, comprises the following steps:
1) preheating rods and bars of aluminium alloy, is heated to 250～350 DEG C by rods and bars of aluminium alloy with stove, and is incubated,
Being 0.5D～0.7D minute for the temperature retention time that the bar of different-diameter is concrete, D is the diameter of bar；
2) rods and bars of aluminium alloy is carried out radial forging, i.e. revolved by manipulator clamping preheating rods and bars of aluminium alloy
Turning axial feeding, radial forging machine is symmetrical four tups around blank, radially carry out high frequency along blank
Rate back and forth forges, and makes blank pull out in the case of multi-head spiral extensional and attenuates, and the contraction percentage of area reaches
To more than 60%, for various sizes of part, according to the blank diameter needed for its part, forge to institute
The diameter needed；
3) secondary remelting of blank after radial forging, the blank after radial forging is put back to electric furnace or in
Induction heater carries out secondary remelting frequently, is i.e. heated to 585～595 DEG C and is incubated 15～20min, obtaining
Must have globular crystal and be suspended in the semi-solid blank of eutectic liquid phase, the solid rate that now rods and bars of aluminium alloy is corresponding
It is 35.5～52.5%；
4) extrusion casint of aluminium alloy camshaft, preheats mold cavity and plug, preheats temperature
It is 200～300 DEG C, and the secondary remelting blank cut according to cam shaft blank volume segments is put into mould
Die cavity, after matched moulds, plug inwardly extrudes from both sides with the speed of 20mm/s-60mm/s, is pressed into place
Rear mold and mandrel persistent pressure, it is ensured that camshaft part is suffered is 80-100Mpa than pressure, until zero
Part solidifies completely；
5) subsequent treatment of aluminium alloy camshaft, carries out T6 by the camshaft that semi-solid squeeze casting obtains
It is heat-treated, and cam joint is carried out chemical vapor deposition process, it is ensured that deposit thickness reaches 5mm,
Hardness reaches 50HRC, and last grinding cam saves.
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| CN201410828403.5A CN104624914B (en) | 2014-12-26 | 2014-12-26 | Radially forging strain provocation method prepares the Semi-solid Process of engine aluminum alloy camshaft |
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| CN201410828403.5A CN104624914B (en) | 2014-12-26 | 2014-12-26 | Radially forging strain provocation method prepares the Semi-solid Process of engine aluminum alloy camshaft |
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| CN104624914B true CN104624914B (en) | 2016-08-24 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN107598129A (en) * | 2017-10-16 | 2018-01-19 | 崇州天智轻量化制造有限公司 | A kind of magnesium alloy seamless closure frame and its semi-solid forming method |
| CN109092958B (en) * | 2018-06-29 | 2020-05-15 | 昆明理工大学 | Thixoforming method for pipe parts with shoulders |
| CN109332630B (en) * | 2018-10-25 | 2021-03-30 | 成都先进金属材料产业技术研究院有限公司 | Preparation method of semi-solid blank for ADC12 alloy |
| CN111014618B (en) * | 2019-10-31 | 2022-06-24 | 镇江合力汽车紧固件有限公司 | Method for preparing aluminum alloy scroll by adopting radial forging technology |
| CN118002727B (en) * | 2024-04-10 | 2024-06-25 | 中国第二重型机械集团德阳万航模锻有限责任公司 | Forging method of short-flow alloy bar |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102012005106A1 (en) * | 2012-03-14 | 2013-09-19 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Method for manufacturing hollow shaft used in e.g. transmission for motor car, involves performing extrusion molding process, round kneading process or radial forging process with respect to cavity mold for obtaining the hollow shaft |
| CN203711731U (en) * | 2014-01-17 | 2014-07-16 | 重庆应国机械制造有限责任公司 | Closed extrusion finish forging forming die for cam shaft |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS61129247A (en) * | 1984-11-28 | 1986-06-17 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | Plastic work method |
| US8247749B2 (en) * | 2009-07-04 | 2012-08-21 | Inductoheat, Inc. | Application of electric induction energy for manufacture of irregularly shaped shafts with cylindrical components including non-unitarily forged crankshafts and camshafts |
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Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102012005106A1 (en) * | 2012-03-14 | 2013-09-19 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Method for manufacturing hollow shaft used in e.g. transmission for motor car, involves performing extrusion molding process, round kneading process or radial forging process with respect to cavity mold for obtaining the hollow shaft |
| CN203711731U (en) * | 2014-01-17 | 2014-07-16 | 重庆应国机械制造有限责任公司 | Closed extrusion finish forging forming die for cam shaft |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| 半固态金属成形技术的发展及应用现状;谭建波等;《河北科技大学学报》;20030831;第24卷(第4期);第24-28页 * |
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