CN114346139A - Preparation method of large-size rare earth magnesium alloy annular piece - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of a large-size rare earth magnesium alloy ring piece, which comprises the following steps: (1) preparing a magnesium alloy ingot by adopting a multi-stage forced filtration and stage cooling mode, and turning and detecting flaws on the ingot to obtain an initial blank; (2) preheating the initial blank, and then extruding and cogging; (3) shaping the extruded blank, and then carrying out multistage homogenization heat treatment on the magnesium alloy blank; (4) rapidly transferring the magnesium alloy blank subjected to the homogenization heat treatment to a forging press for isothermal multidirectional forging, and finally forging the magnesium alloy blank into a cake blank in a round cake shape; (5) carrying out coring treatment on the cake blank to prepare a ring blank; (6) carrying out ring rolling forming on a ring rolling machine; (7) and sequentially carrying out multistage waste heat quenching, vibration treatment, subzero treatment and aging treatment on the annular forging. Finally, the large-size magnesium alloy ring-shaped piece can be prepared, the residual stress level of the product is reduced while the high strength of the product is ensured, and the product quality is stable.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a preparation method of a large-size rare earth magnesium alloy ring-shaped piece, and belongs to the technical field of manufacturing of magnesium alloy ring-shaped pieces.
Background
With the increasing development of aerospace science and technology engineering and the continuous propulsion of heavy carrier rocket engineering in China, the requirements of a new generation of carrier rockets and large-scale advanced weapons on large-scale integral lightweight annular structural parts are increasingly urgent. The large-size annular piece is used as a sealing and fastening connecting piece, has wide application in the field of aerospace, is a key material for whether the development of a heavy carrier rocket in China can make a new breakthrough, and has a great problem that the manufacturing technology is urgently needed to be broken through in the development work.
The realization of the lightweight of the equipment components is always an important development direction in the fields of aerospace, national defense, military industry and the like. The weight of the aerospace craft is reduced, so that the flying speed is increased, the flexibility is improved, the launching cost of the aerospace craft is reduced, and the carrying capacity is improved. According to the measurement and calculation, the takeoff mass of the whole carrier rocket can be reduced by 50kg when the load mass is reduced by 1kg, and the structural mass of the ground equipment can be reduced by 100 kg.
The magnesium alloy is used as the lightest metal structure material in the current practical engineering application, has the characteristics of light weight, high specific strength and the like, and is a light metal structure material which effectively meets the requirement of lightweight spacecraft. By adding rare earth elements for alloying, the strength and the heat-resistant temperature of the magnesium alloy can be obviously improved, thereby meeting the use requirements of spacecraft parts. However, because the magnesium alloy is in a close-packed hexagonal structure, the sliding system is less, the room-temperature deformability is poorer, and the difficulty in preparing large-size annular parts by a conventional method is higher; meanwhile, as the preparation of large-size annular parts requires original blanks with larger specifications and uniform tissues, higher requirements are put forward on the blank preparation. The conventional magnesium alloy deformation processing method is difficult to realize one-step forming processing of large-size annular parts, the deformed parts are easy to crack, uniform refinement of the texture of the deformed magnesium alloy material is difficult to ensure, and certain difficulty is brought to improvement of the mechanical property and uniform consistency of the property of the magnesium alloy material.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the actual demand of the aerospace field for large-size magnesium alloy annular parts, the invention aims to provide a preparation method of the large-size rare earth magnesium alloy annular parts, provide a feasible process route for preparing the high-strength rare earth magnesium alloy annular parts with the diameter larger than 3m, and meet the urgent demand of the aerospace field for the large-size rare earth magnesium alloy annular parts.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a preparation method of a large-size rare earth magnesium alloy annular piece comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing a magnesium alloy ingot by adopting a multi-stage forced filtration and stage cooling mode, wherein the specification of an ingot casting mold is phi more than or equal to 820mm, and the height is more than or equal to 2100 mm; removing a casting riser of the cast ingot, and turning and detecting the flaw of the cast ingot to obtain an initial blank with the size phi of more than or equal to 800mm and the height of more than or equal to 2000mm, wherein the single-side cutting amount is less than 3 mm;
(2) preheating the initial blank, and then performing extrusion cogging, wherein the extrusion temperature is 400-460 ℃, the extrusion speed is 0.5mm/s, and the extrusion coefficient is about 1.2-1.5;
(3) shaping the extruded blank, and then carrying out multistage homogenization heat treatment on the magnesium alloy blank;
(4) rapidly transferring the magnesium alloy blank subjected to the homogenization heat treatment to a forging press for isothermal multidirectional forging, and finally forging the magnesium alloy blank into a cake blank in a round cake shape;
(5) carrying out coring treatment on the cake blank to prepare a ring blank;
(6) performing ring rolling forming on a ring rolling machine, preserving the temperature of the ingot blank at 400 ℃ for 4-8h at 380 ℃ and 20-60% of rolling deformation before ring rolling, and preparing a large-size ring piece with the outer diameter of phi 3.0-3.2m, the wall thickness of 50-100mm and the height of 400-600mm at the roller temperature of 300-;
(7) carrying out multistage waste heat quenching on the annular forging;
(8) carrying out vibration treatment and cryogenic treatment on the annular forging;
(9) and carrying out aging treatment on the annular forging.
In the step (1), the magnesium alloy ingot is prepared by adopting a multi-stage forced filtration and stage cooling mode, so that the defects of no cracks, less defects and less component segregation of the ingot are realized, and the high-quality ingot is a powerful guarantee for the smooth subsequent deformation processing. Preferably, the melt is filtered by the 304 stainless steel woven filter screens with 18-20 meshes, 40-45 meshes and 80-100 meshes in a multistage forced filtration mode, and the warps and the wefts of the adjacent filter screens are 45 degrees. The step cooling is room temperature air blowing cooling, atomized water cooling, 80 ℃ water cooling and room temperature water cooling.
In the step (2), the as-cast structure of the alloy can be uniformly refined by extrusion cogging, the plasticity of the hot working process of the rare earth magnesium alloy is improved, and the cracking probability of the blank in the forging process is reduced, so that the mechanical property and the uniformity of the property of the alloy are further improved. The preheating temperature of the preheating treatment is 480-520 ℃, and the preheating time is 8-10 h.
In the step (3), the shaping is mainly to cut the head and the tail, and the axial-diameter ratio is ensured to be less than 3. The multi-stage homogenization heat treatment is three-stage homogenization heat treatment, the heat treatment temperature is between 350-535 ℃, the temperature of the three-stage homogenization heat treatment is gradually increased, the temperature of the second stage is 20-100 ℃ higher than that of the first stage or the third stage, and the heat treatment time of each stage is 4-24 h. The magnesium alloy ingot produced in the industrialized production has larger size, and is directly subjected to high-temperature single-stage homogenization treatment, the grain size difference is larger due to uneven heating inside and outside the ingot, the subsequent processing performance of the alloy is influenced, the phenomenon of uneven heating inside and outside the ingot can be solved by utilizing multi-stage homogenization treatment, and the eutectic structure formed in the solidification process can be fully redissolved, so that the supersaturation degree of alloy elements in a matrix is improved.
In the step (4), in order to prevent the workpiece from being cooled in the deformation process, a heatable non-ferrous metal forging flat anvil is adopted in the multidirectional forging process, the upper flat anvil and the lower flat anvil of the forging machine are preheated before forging, the preheating temperature is 450-; and rapidly transferring the homogenized magnesium alloy blank to a forging press to respectively perform 6-pass isothermal multidirectional forging in X, Y, Z three-dimensional directions, wherein the deformation in each direction reaches more than 50%, and finally rounding and upsetting the magnesium alloy blank into a cake blank.
In the step (5), the core material can be removed by adopting a mechanical processing mode; or heating the blank to a specified temperature and preserving heat for a specified time, taking the blank out of the furnace and putting the blank into a press machine for central punching, wherein the surface of an inner hole needs to be machined after punching, and the size range of the coring treatment is within the range of 100-300 mm.
In the step (6), the main roller and the core roller are preheated to the temperature of 300-350 ℃ and are kept warm for 2-3 hours before ring rolling, and are lubricated by a graphite lubricant; because the large-size ring-shaped piece is prepared by large deformation, the deformation time is long, the workpiece is easy to cool, and the single ring rolling is difficult to form, but multiple times of intermediate annealing can cause crystal grains to grow and deteriorate the mechanical property of the material, the workpiece is continuously heated on line by using the three-way flaming device in the ring rolling process, the heat permeability is ensured, the workpiece is not easy to crack, and the excessive growth of the crystal grains is also inhibited.
In step (7), in order to reduce the quenching stress and prevent the forging from cracking, the multistage waste heat quenching is as follows: the ring-shaped forging piece is firstly immersed in hot water of 60-80 ℃ for 3-10min and then transferred to ice water of 0 ℃ for immersion for 5-15 min.
In the step (8), the quenched annular forging is fixed on a processing platform for vibration processing, the processing time is controlled to be 5-30min, then deep cooling processing is carried out in liquid nitrogen for 10-40min, and then the forging is taken out and placed at room temperature until the temperature is recovered to the room temperature.
In the step (9), the temperature of the aging treatment is 200-.
The invention has the beneficial technical effects that:
aiming at the actual demand of the aerospace field on large-size magnesium alloy ring parts, the invention prepares large-size high-quality rare earth magnesium alloy ingots (the diameter of cast ingots is more than or equal to 800mm), and adopts a combined process route of 'extrusion cogging + multistage homogenization treatment + isothermal multidirectional forging + online heating ring rolling + multistage waste heat quenching + vibration/cryogenic treatment + aging treatment', wherein the extrusion cogging can uniformly and thins the as-cast structure of the alloy, the hot working process plasticity of the rare earth magnesium alloy is improved, the cracking probability of the blank in the forging process is reduced, and the mechanical property and the uniform consistency of the performance of the alloy are improved; isothermal multidirectional forging can further improve the refined grains of the alloy structure, thereby improving the deformability of the magnesium alloy during ring rolling. Finally, the magnesium alloy ring-shaped member with the diameter larger than 3m can be prepared, the residual stress level of the magnesium alloy ring-shaped member is reduced while the high strength of the product is ensured, the product quality is stable, the size of the ring member is accurate, and the urgent need of the aerospace field for large-size lightweight ring-shaped structural members is effectively solved.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by the following examples, which are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
(1) The rare earth magnesium alloy adopted in the embodiment is a WE91B cast ingot, and the preferred chemical components are as follows by weight percentage: 9.0 percent of Y, 1.0 percent of cerium-rich mischmetal RE (wherein, Ce is 50 percent, La is 30 percent, Nd is 15 percent, Pr is 5 percent), 1.0 percent of Zn, 0.6 percent of Zr, and the balance of Mg. After smelting, the melt is purified by adopting multistage forced filtration, the filtering devices are respectively filtering nets woven by 304 stainless steel of 18 meshes, 40 meshes and 80 meshes, and the warp and weft of the adjacent filtering nets are 45 degrees. And then carrying out graded cooling, wherein the graded cooling is room temperature air blowing cooling, atomized water cooling, water cooling at 80 ℃ and room temperature water cooling. The final ingot specification is phi 812mm, and the knocking time is 1750 mm; removing a riser of the cast ingot, turning a skin of the cast ingot, performing flaw detection, and turning the skin off by 2mm to obtain an initial blank with the size of phi 810mm and the height of 2000 mm;
(2) preheating the initial blank at 490 ℃ for 10 h;
(3) carrying out extrusion cogging on the magnesium alloy ingot subjected to preheating treatment: the extrusion temperature is 420 ℃, the extrusion speed is 0.5mm/s, and the extrusion coefficient is about 1.3;
(4) cutting off the head and tail of the extruded blank to form a forged blank with the diameter of 700 multiplied by 2000 mm;
(5) carrying out multistage homogenization treatment on the magnesium alloy forging blank: the temperature of the first stage is multiplied by 8 hours at 350 ℃, the temperature of the second stage is multiplied by 6 hours, and the temperature of the third stage is multiplied by 16 hours at 535 ℃;
(6) and rapidly transferring the homogenized magnesium alloy blank to a forging press for isothermal multidirectional forging, and finally forging into a round cake blank shape. In order to prevent the workpiece from being cooled in the deformation process, a heatable nonferrous metal forging flat anvil is adopted in the multidirectional forging process, the upper flat anvil and the lower flat anvil of a forging machine are preheated before open forging, the preheating temperature is 500 ℃, and the preheating time is 10 hours; rapidly transferring the magnesium alloy blank subjected to homogenization treatment to a forging press to respectively perform 6-pass isothermal multidirectional forging in X, Y, Z three-dimensional directions, wherein the deformation in each direction reaches more than 50%, and finally rounding and upsetting the magnesium alloy blank into a cake blank;
the specific operation is as follows: upsetting the blank once until the size is phi 810 multiplied by 1500mm, and drawing out once until the size is phi 720 multiplied by 1900 mm; performing secondary upsetting on the blank until the size is phi 870 multiplied by 1300mm, and performing secondary drawing until the size is phi 745 multiplied by 1750 mm; upsetting the blank for three times to form phi 940 multiplied by 1100mm, and finally upsetting the blank into phi 1100 multiplied by 800mm round cakes;
(8) removing core material from the center of the cake blank to prepare a ring blank, wherein the core material can be removed by mechanical processing; or heating the blank to a specified temperature, keeping the temperature for a specified time, discharging the blank out of the furnace, putting the blank into a press machine for central punching, respectively punching coaxial blind holes at two ends of the blank by adopting a phi 200 stainless steel punch, punching the inner hole surface by adopting a flat end surface with the height of 720mm from the blank, cooling the blank after punching, and finally turning the blank to the size of phi 1200 multiplied by phi 300 multiplied by 720 mm;
(9) carrying out ring rolling forming on a ring rolling machine, preheating a main roller and a core roller to 350 ℃ before ring rolling, and keeping the temperature for 3 hours, and meanwhile, lubricating by using a graphite lubricant; because the large-size ring-shaped piece is prepared by large deformation, the deformation time is long, the workpiece is easy to cool, and the single ring rolling is difficult to form, but multiple times of intermediate annealing can cause crystal grains to grow and deteriorate the mechanical property of the material, the workpiece is continuously heated on line by using the three-way flaming device in the ring rolling process, the heat permeability is ensured, the workpiece is not easy to crack, and the excessive growth of the crystal grains is also inhibited. The blank is firstly banded to the size phi 1800 multiplied by phi 1400 multiplied by 700mm, secondly banded to the size phi 2340 multiplied by phi 2000 multiplied by 620mm, and finally banded to the size phi 3350 multiplied by phi 3100 multiplied by 600 mm. Keeping the temperature of the ingot blank for 8 hours at 400 ℃ before ring rolling, wherein the rolling deformation is 40 percent, and the roller temperature is 350 ℃;
(10) carrying out multistage waste heat quenching on the annular forging; in order to reduce the quenching stress and prevent the forging from cracking, the multistage waste heat quenching is to immerse the annular forging into hot water at 80 ℃ for 10min and then transfer the annular forging into ice water at 0 ℃ for soaking for 15 min.
(11) Carrying out vibration treatment and cryogenic treatment on the annular forging; fixing the quenched annular forging on a processing platform for vibration processing, controlling the processing time to be 30min, then carrying out cryogenic treatment in liquid nitrogen for 30min, taking out the forging, placing the forging at room temperature, and recovering the forging to the room temperature;
(12) and carrying out aging treatment on the annular forging. The temperature of the aging treatment is 200 ℃, and the aging time is 28 h.
The implementation effect is as follows: randomly sampling the forge piece according to the direction, and testing according to GB/T228, wherein the result is as follows:
the macrostructure of the forging is a fully deformed structure without cracks, folds and mixed crystal structures. And (4) ultrasonic flaw detection to reach A level.
Claims (10)
1. The preparation method of the large-size rare earth magnesium alloy annular piece is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) preparing a magnesium alloy ingot by adopting a multi-stage forced filtration and stage cooling mode, wherein the specification of an ingot casting mold is phi more than or equal to 820mm, and the height is more than or equal to 2100 mm; removing a casting riser of the cast ingot, and turning and detecting the flaw of the cast ingot to obtain an initial blank with the size phi of more than or equal to 800mm and the height of more than or equal to 2000mm, wherein the single-side cutting amount is less than 3 mm;
(2) preheating the initial blank, and then performing extrusion cogging, wherein the extrusion temperature is 400-460 ℃, the extrusion speed is 0.5mm/s, and the extrusion coefficient is about 1.2-1.5;
(3) shaping the extruded blank, and then carrying out multistage homogenization heat treatment on the magnesium alloy blank;
(4) rapidly transferring the magnesium alloy blank subjected to the homogenization heat treatment to a forging press for isothermal multidirectional forging, and finally forging the magnesium alloy blank into a cake blank in a round cake shape;
(5) carrying out coring treatment on the cake blank to prepare a ring blank;
(6) performing ring rolling forming on a ring rolling machine, preserving the temperature of the ingot blank at 400 ℃ for 4-8h at 380 ℃ and 20-60% of rolling deformation before ring rolling, and preparing a large-size ring piece with the outer diameter of phi 3.0-3.2m, the wall thickness of 50-100mm and the height of 400-600mm at the roller temperature of 300-;
(7) carrying out multistage waste heat quenching on the annular forging;
(8) carrying out vibration treatment and cryogenic treatment on the annular forging;
(9) and carrying out aging treatment on the annular forging.
2. The method for preparing the large-size rare earth magnesium alloy annular member as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the melt is filtered by 304 stainless steel woven filter screens with 18-20 meshes, 40-45 meshes and 80-100 meshes in multiple stages of forced filtration, and the longitude and latitude of the adjacent filter screens are 45 degrees; the step cooling is room temperature air blowing cooling, atomized water cooling, 80 ℃ water cooling and room temperature water cooling.
3. The method for preparing the large-size rare earth magnesium alloy annular member as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the preheating temperature of the preheating treatment is 480-520 ℃, and the preheating time is 8-10 h; the extrusion process adopts multi-stage on-line spray quenching cooling.
4. The method for preparing the large-size rare earth magnesium alloy annular member as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (3), the shaping is performed, mainly by cutting the head and the tail, and the shaft diameter ratio is ensured to be less than 3; the multi-stage homogenization heat treatment is three-stage homogenization heat treatment, the heat treatment temperature is between 350-535 ℃, the temperature of the three-stage homogenization heat treatment is gradually increased, the temperature of the second stage is 20-100 ℃ higher than that of the first stage or the third stage, and the heat treatment time of each stage is 4-24 h.
5. The method for preparing the large-size rare earth magnesium alloy annular member as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (4), a heatable non-ferrous metal forging flat anvil is adopted in the multidirectional forging process, and the upper and lower flat anvils of the forging machine are preheated before forging, wherein the preheating temperature is 450-; and rapidly transferring the homogenized magnesium alloy blank to a forging press to respectively perform 6-pass isothermal multidirectional forging in X, Y, Z three-dimensional directions, wherein the deformation in each direction reaches more than 50%, and finally rounding and upsetting the magnesium alloy blank into a cake blank.
6. The method for preparing the large-size rare earth magnesium alloy annular member as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (5), the size of the coring treatment is in the range of 100-300 mm.
7. The method for preparing the large-size rare earth magnesium alloy annular member as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (6), the main roll and the core roll are preheated to 350 ℃ and kept warm for 2-3 hours before ring rolling, and are lubricated by a graphite lubricant.
8. The method for preparing the large-size rare earth magnesium alloy annular member as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (7), the multistage residual heat quenching comprises: the ring-shaped forging piece is firstly immersed in hot water of 60-80 ℃ for 3-10min and then transferred to ice water of 0 ℃ for immersion for 5-15 min.
9. The method for preparing the large-size rare earth magnesium alloy annular member as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (8), the quenched annular forging member is fixed on a processing platform for vibration processing for 5-30min, then cryogenic processing is performed in liquid nitrogen for 10-40min, and then the forging member is taken out and placed at room temperature until the forging member is recovered to the room temperature.
10. The method for preparing the large-size rare earth magnesium alloy annular member as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (9), the temperature of the aging treatment is 200-230 ℃, and the holding time is 6-48 h.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN117620049A (en) * | 2024-01-25 | 2024-03-01 | 山西神舟航天科技有限公司 | Preparation method of high-rare earth-content magnesium alloy V-shaped structural member |
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| CN111230014A (en) * | 2018-11-29 | 2020-06-05 | 有研工程技术研究院有限公司 | Preparation and processing method of high-strength and low-stress magnesium alloy forging |
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| CN117620049A (en) * | 2024-01-25 | 2024-03-01 | 山西神舟航天科技有限公司 | Preparation method of high-rare earth-content magnesium alloy V-shaped structural member |
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