CN109295366B - Room-temperature high-forming magnesium alloy plate and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Room-temperature high-forming magnesium alloy plate and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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CN109295366B
CN109295366B CN201811467130.0A CN201811467130A CN109295366B CN 109295366 B CN109295366 B CN 109295366B CN 201811467130 A CN201811467130 A CN 201811467130A CN 109295366 B CN109295366 B CN 109295366B
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CN109295366A (en
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刘轲
梁靖桃
杜文博
王朝辉
李淑波
杜宪
于子健
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Beijing University of Technology
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C23/00—Alloys based on magnesium
    • C22C23/04—Alloys based on magnesium with zinc or cadmium as the next major constituent
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
    • B21B1/00—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations
    • B21B1/22—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling plates, strips, bands or sheets of indefinite length
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
    • B21B3/00—Rolling materials of special alloys so far as the composition of the alloy requires or permits special rolling methods or sequences ; Rolling of aluminium, copper, zinc or other non-ferrous metals
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
    • C22C1/03—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting using master alloys
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C23/00—Alloys based on magnesium
    • C22C23/06—Alloys based on magnesium with a rare earth metal as the next major constituent
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
    • C22F1/002—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working by rapid cooling or quenching; cooling agents used therefor
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
    • C22F1/06—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of magnesium or alloys based thereon
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
    • B21B1/00—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations
    • B21B1/22—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling plates, strips, bands or sheets of indefinite length
    • B21B2001/225—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling plates, strips, bands or sheets of indefinite length by hot-rolling

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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  • Metal Rolling (AREA)

Abstract

A room temperature high-forming magnesium alloy plate and a preparation method thereof belong to the technical field of alloy plates. The alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass of Zn less than or equal to 1.0 wt%, Er less than or equal to 1.0 wt%, the total mass percentage of Zn and Er elements in the alloy is more than 0%, and the balance is magnesium. The magnesium alloy plate with high formability at room temperature is obtained by adopting a certain smelting and rolling method. The alloy has tensile strength and yield strength of 160-230 MPa and 120-200 MPa at room temperature, and room temperature cupping value (IE) of 2.5-6.0 mm, and is used in punching thin-wall part of 3C electronic product casing.

Description

Room-temperature high-forming magnesium alloy plate and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to a room-temperature high-formability Mg-Zn-Er alloy and a preparation method thereof, in particular to a room-temperature high-formability Mg-Zn-Er alloy which is prepared by certain alloy components, a smelting process, rolling conditions and the like; the alloy has good formability at room temperature, is a magnesium alloy material with potential application prospect and high formability, and belongs to the technical field of alloy plates.
Background
In recent years, environmental protection has been receiving increasing global attention, improving energy use efficiency, and reducing pollutant emissions, and is becoming an urgent task. The metal magnesium draws the attention of experts and scholars at home and abroad due to the characteristics of abundant reserves and light weight. The magnesium alloy has excellent performances of high specific strength, high specific stiffness, good shock absorption, machinability and the like, has potential application prospect and development space in automobile parts, portable electronic devices and biodegradable implants, and is known as 'green engineering material in the 21 st century'. The amount of magnesium alloy used increases at a rate of 20% per year or more. However, magnesium has a hexagonal close-packed structure, and has poor plastic deformability at room temperature, and coarse grains and surface oxidation easily occur at high temperature, which leads to poor formability, and thus becomes an important influencing factor for restricting further wide application of magnesium alloy materials. Therefore, at present, in the fields of military industry, civil use and medical treatment, the improvement of the forming capability of the magnesium alloy is the primary objective.
The magnesium alloy products researched at present mainly comprise castings, particularly die castings, and relatively few plastic processing products, but the castings have poor mechanical properties and are easy to generate defects, and the deformed magnesium alloy has fine and uniform structures and good comprehensive mechanical properties. Research shows that weakening the basal plane texture can obviously improve the plastic forming capability of the magnesium alloy, so that various technologies are widely developed and applied. At present, the research on magnesium alloy plastic forming technology at home and abroad mainly focuses on forging, extruding, rolling and the like, and because magnesium alloy forging is difficult, sensitive to temperature and strain rate, complex in operation and difficult to master, the method is less in application, and compared with other pressure processing methods, the extruded material has extrusion effect, the strength is highest, the shaping is reduced, the deformation of an extruded structure is most violent in terms of microstructure, and the deformation texture is most intense.
Rolling technology is a widely used processing technology as one of basic forming means for plastic deformation. A large number of researches show that the magnesium alloy plate is difficult to deform along the thickness direction because the rolled magnesium alloy is distributed with strong basal plane textures on a rolling plane, and the strong basal plane textures seriously influence the secondary forming performance of the magnesium alloy and restrict the application of the magnesium alloy. The base texture of the rolled plate is weakened, so that the anisotropy can be obviously reduced, and the forming capability of the material is improved. Therefore, development of a new rolling process is required. The rolling deformation can be divided into three types of hot rolling, warm rolling and cold rolling according to the actual temperature of the plate: cold rolling is rolling that occurs below the recrystallization temperature of the alloy, and the alloy recovers without recrystallization. Therefore, the work hardening rate is high, and the alloy is difficult to be rolled. The warm rolling is a rolling process which occurs above the recovery temperature and below the recrystallization temperature, and the work hardening tendency of the alloy is large. Aiming at the characteristic of poor plastic deformation capability of magnesium alloy, hot rolling is mainly adopted in practical application. The magnesium alloy can be recovered and recrystallized by annealing, and the basal plane texture of the plate is weakened.
At present, the more mature magnesium alloy plate production technology mainly comprises an ingot casting-rolling method, a casting-rolling method and an extrusion-rolling method. The ingot-rolling process was the earliest and by far the most widely used method for producing sheet and strip. By adopting the method, the magnesium alloy medium plate with the maximum width of 2600mm and the magnesium alloy sheet with the maximum size of delta 1.0-2.5-1500-3000 mm can be produced in China at present. The casting and rolling method starts to research in 1980 s due to the maturity of the aluminum casting and rolling technology, and is characterized in that magnesium alloy melt is directly rolled into a magnesium alloy plate blank, so that the intermediate link of casting and rolling is eliminated, and the production process is greatly simplified. However, magnesium alloy sheets produced by the cast-rolling method have serious surface defects and internal segregation, are difficult to produce wide sheets, and have poor mechanical properties. The extrusion-rolling method is characterized in that a hot extrusion intermediate link is added on the basis of the casting-rolling method, and the extrusion can enable a casting blank to be subjected to stronger three-dimensional compressive stress so as to obtain maximum plasticity, provide uniform structure for subsequent rolling and be beneficial to improving the mechanical property of the magnesium alloy. Although the extrusion process can significantly refine the texture and improve subsequent deformability, large-size sheets cannot be produced.
Therefore, there is a need to develop a new, lightweight, highly formable, easily manufactured alloy product to meet the demanding conditions of use, which helps to alleviate the energy and environmental issues facing the human society. Then, in order to fundamentally improve the problems encountered by the magnesium alloy, the invention provides a new idea and method from the aspects of alloy design, rolling process setting and the like. By utilizing the solid solution replacement effect of the trace elements on the base material, a novel saturated solid solution material is obtained, and the novel saturated solid solution material can influence the lattice constant c/a ratio of the base material or change the stacking fault energy of the material and the like. Meanwhile, a cast ingot-rolled plate is developed by combining a unique rolling process and symmetrical rotary cross rolling. The plate has good mechanical properties, and particularly has excellent room temperature forming capability. The invention has certain use value and innovativeness,
disclosure of Invention
The invention relates to a novel magnesium alloy plate and a preparation method thereof, and provides a magnesium alloy material with high formability in a room temperature range. The magnesium alloy has excellent forming performance at room temperature, is superior to the forming performance of the alloy obtained by other preparation methods, simplifies the preparation and forming methods of the alloy, has outstanding forming performance, and is a magnesium alloy material with excellent forming performance at room temperature.
The magnesium alloy sheet material with high room temperature forming performance is characterized in that the alloy components are as follows: zn and Er are selected as main alloying elements, the addition amounts of the Zn and the Er are respectively less than or equal to 1.0 wt%, the total mass percent of the Zn and the Er elements in the alloy is less than or equal to 1.0 wt%, more than 0%, and the balance is magnesium.
In order to obtain the Mg-Zn-Er alloy with better forming performance, the invention adopts the following preparation method, which comprises the following steps:
(1) the smelting process comprises the following steps:
the smelting process of the invention is that the surfaces of commercial raw materials of pure magnesium (99.99 wt.%), pure zinc (99.99 wt.%), and Mg-Er master alloy (preferably Mg-30 wt.% Er master alloy) are polished to remove impurities such as surface oxide skin. The whole smelting process adopts gas protection, wherein N is2For conveying gas, SF6Preheating a crucible to remove water for protective gas, adding pure magnesium, heating to 720 ℃, adding pure zinc or Mg-Er intermediate alloy in sequence after the pure magnesium in the furnace is completely melted, continuing to heat until the pure magnesium is completely melted, stirring for 3min to homogenize alloy liquid, standing for 10-15 min, and then carrying out slag fishing and casting; solidifying and air-cooling in a steel mould to room temperature after casting;
(2) the rolling process comprises the following steps:
pre-cutting the cast ingot into plates, annealing at the annealing temperature of 350-500 ℃ for 5-30min before rolling the plates, taking out the plates and immediately placing the plates under a pre-heated roller to finish the rolling of a first pass at the rolling speed of 5-15m/min, then repeating the annealing treatment on the plates before and the rolling of a next pass, wherein the rolling directions of the first three passes are kept consistent, the total deformation of the plates after 3 passes of rolling is 15-30%, and when rolling of a fourth pass is performed, the plates are rolled by rotating 90 degrees on the same plane in the original rolling direction for 3 times, and the total deformation is 30-45% after 6 passes of rolling; repeating the two kinds of rolling in different directions, rotating the plate by 90 degrees after each rolling for three times, and then performing the next rolling for three times, wherein the rolling direction and the transverse direction (vertical rolling direction) are changed alternately; the same annealing treatment is carried out before each pass of rolling; finally, rolling for 15-20 times, wherein the deformation of the plate is 80-95%.
Further preferably, before the rolling process in the step (2), keeping the temperature of the ingot obtained by smelting at 440 ℃ for 10h, and quenching the heated alloy by warm water (75 ℃); and (3) carrying out mechanical processing in the step (2) on the ingot obtained after the heat treatment to obtain a plate.
Substantive features and significant progress of the invention
(1) The novel high-formability magnesium alloy material is prepared, and the forming performance of the novel high-formability magnesium alloy material is obviously higher than that of other reported magnesium alloys.
(2) The alloy has the characteristics of simple components, low cost, economy and applicability.
(3) The preparation and processing methods of the alloy have strong operability, and the alloy material with high forming property can be obtained without special equipment and methods.
(4) The room temperature tensile strength and the yield strength of the alloy plate are respectively 160MPa to 230MPa and 120MPa to 200 MPa.
(5) The room temperature cupping value of the alloy plate is 2.5-6mm, good formability is achieved, and the method can be directly used for preparing high-forming materials.
(6) The magnesium alloy plate obtained by the invention is polycrystalline alloy, the crystal boundary is clean, and the matrix has a large amount of nano-scale rod-shaped reinforcement.
Drawings
FIG. 1 optical microstructure of a Mg-0.5Zn alloy sheet;
FIG. 2 optical microstructure of Mg-0.5Er alloy sheet;
FIG. 3 optical microstructure of Mg-0.5Zn-0.5Er alloy sheet;
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further illustrated with reference to the following examples, but the present invention is not limited to the following examples.
Example 1
Now, pure Zn, pure magnesium and the like are removed with oxide layers, and the ingredients are weighed. The mass percent of Zn in the pre-alloy is 0.5 wt.%, the balance being magnesium. The alloy is smelted in a well-type resistance furnace, the rated power of the furnace is about 7.5kW, the size of a hearth is phi 550 multiplied by 600mm, and the furnace is provided with a protective gas conveying device, a PID temperature control device and the like. The graphite crucible for smelting has the size of 100mm of inner diameter and 160mm of depth, and the mass of the alloy liquid for single smelting is about 1.5 kg. The casting die is a low-carbon steel metal die, and the obtained square billet with the ingot casting size of 120 multiplied by 33 multiplied by 200 mm. In order to prevent the alloy from being oxidized and burnt in the smelting process, the whole smelting process adopts gas protection, wherein N is2For conveying gas, SF6To protect the gas. The alloy smelting process comprises the following steps: after the crucible is preheated to remove water, firstly adding pure magnesium, heating to 720 ℃, and adding pure zinc after the pure magnesium in the furnace is completely melted. Heating is continued until the alloy liquid is completely melted, and then stirring is carried out for 3min to homogenize the alloy liquid. Standing for 10-15 min, and then carrying out slag fishing and casting. After casting, the mixture is solidified in a steel die and cooled to room temperature by air. And then keeping the temperature of the ingot obtained by smelting at 440 ℃ for 10h, and quenching the heated alloy by warm water (about 75 ℃). Mechanically processing the ingot obtained after the heat treatment to obtain a plate with the thickness of 5mm, annealing the plate at the annealing temperature of 400 ℃ for 5min before rolling the plate, taking out the plate and immediately placing the plate in a roller preheated to 400 ℃ to finish the rolling of the first pass at the rolling speed of 7m/min, repeating the previous annealing treatment on the plate, continuing the rolling of the second pass, keeping the rolling directions of the first three passes consistent, rolling the plate from 5mm to 3.7mm after the rolling of the 3 passes, wherein the total deformation is 26%, rotating the plate 90 degrees in the original rolling direction for rolling when rolling the plate of the fourth pass is performed, repeating the rolling for 3 times, changing the plate thickness to 2.8mm after the rolling of the 6 passes, and obtaining the plate with the thickness of 5mm after the rolling of the original plateThe deformation was 24% and the total deformation was 44%. The rolling process controls the single-pass deformation to be 7-15%, and adopts a cross rolling mode, namely, after every three passes of rolling, the plate is rotated by 90 degrees and then is rolled, and the rolling direction and the transverse direction (vertical rolling direction) are changed alternately. The same annealing treatment is performed before each rolling pass. Finally, the plate is rolled by 18 times, the thickness of the plate is 1.1mm, and the deformation is 78%.
The room temperature IE value of the alloy is: 2.99 mm.
The tensile strength and yield strength at room temperature of the alloy are as follows: 174MPa and 154 MPa.
Example 2
The Mg-Er intermediate alloy, pure magnesium and the like are removed from the oxide scale layer and weighed. The mass percent of Er in the precast alloy is 0.5 wt.%, and the balance is magnesium. The alloy is smelted in a well-type resistance furnace, the rated power of the furnace is about 7.5kW, the size of a hearth is phi 550 multiplied by 600mm, and the furnace is provided with a protective gas conveying device, a PID temperature control device and the like. The graphite crucible for smelting has the size of 100mm of inner diameter and 160mm of depth, and the mass of the alloy liquid for single smelting is about 1.5 kg. The casting die is a low-carbon steel metal die, and the obtained square billet with the ingot casting size of 120 multiplied by 33 multiplied by 200 mm. In order to prevent the alloy from being oxidized and burnt in the smelting process, the whole smelting process adopts gas protection, wherein N is2For conveying gas, SF6To protect the gas. The alloy smelting process comprises the following steps: after the crucible is preheated to remove moisture, pure magnesium is added firstly, the temperature is raised to 720 ℃, and Mg-Er intermediate alloy is added after the pure magnesium in the furnace is completely melted. Heating is continued until the alloy liquid is completely melted, and then stirring is carried out for 3min to homogenize the alloy liquid. Standing for 10-15 min, and then carrying out slag fishing and casting. After casting, the mixture is solidified in a steel die and cooled to room temperature by air. And then keeping the temperature of the ingot obtained by smelting at 440 ℃ for 10h, and quenching the heated alloy by warm water (about 75 ℃). Machining the ingot obtained after the heat treatment to obtain a plate with the thickness of 5mm, annealing the plate at 400 ℃ for 5min before rolling, taking out the plate, immediately placing the plate in a roller preheated to 400 ℃ to finish the first-pass rolling at the rolling speed of 7m/min, repeating the previous annealing treatment on the plate, continuing the second-pass rolling, and performing the first three-pass rollingThe rolling directions of the second time are kept consistent, the plate is rolled from 5mm to 3.7mm after 3 times of rolling, the total deformation is 26%, when the fourth time of rolling is carried out, the plate is rotated by 90 degrees in the original rolling direction for rolling, the rolling is repeated for 3 times, after 6 times of rolling, the thickness of the plate is changed to 2.8mm, the deformation is 24% on the original basis, and the total deformation is 44%. The rolling process controls the single-pass deformation to be 7-15%, and adopts a cross rolling mode, namely, after every three passes of rolling, the plate is rotated by 90 degrees and then is rolled, and the rolling direction and the transverse direction (vertical rolling direction) are changed alternately. The same annealing treatment is performed before each rolling pass. Finally, the plate is rolled by 18 times, the thickness of the plate is 1.1mm, and the deformation is 78%.
The IE value of the alloy is: 5.79 mm.
The tensile strength and yield strength at room temperature of the alloy are as follows: 178MPa and 150 MPa.
Example 3
The Mg-Er intermediate alloy, pure Zn, pure Mg and the like are removed with an oxide layer and weighed. The mass percent of Zn and Er in the pre-alloy is 0.5 wt.%, the total amount of alloy elements is 1 wt.%, and the balance is magnesium. The alloy is smelted in a well-type resistance furnace, the rated power of the furnace is about 7.5kW, the size of a hearth is phi 550 multiplied by 600mm, and the furnace is provided with a protective gas conveying device, a PID temperature control device and the like. The graphite crucible for smelting has the size of 100mm of inner diameter and 160mm of depth, and the mass of the alloy liquid for single smelting is about 1.5 kg. The casting die is a low-carbon steel metal die, and the obtained square billet with the ingot casting size of 120 multiplied by 33 multiplied by 200 mm. In order to prevent the alloy from being oxidized and burnt in the smelting process, the whole smelting process adopts gas protection, wherein N is2For conveying gas, SF6To protect the gas. The alloy smelting process comprises the following steps: preheating a crucible to remove water, firstly adding pure magnesium, heating to 720 ℃, and after the pure magnesium in the furnace is completely melted, sequentially adding pure zinc and Mg-Er intermediate alloy. Heating is continued until the alloy liquid is completely melted, and then stirring is carried out for 3min to homogenize the alloy liquid. Standing for 10-15 min, and then carrying out slag fishing and casting. After casting, the mixture is solidified in a steel die and cooled to room temperature by air. And then keeping the temperature of the ingot obtained by smelting at 440 ℃ for 10h, and quenching the heated alloy by warm water (about 75 ℃). After heat treatmentThe obtained cast ingot is mechanically processed to obtain a plate with the thickness of 5mm, before the plate is rolled, annealing is firstly carried out, the annealing temperature is 400 ℃, the heat preservation is carried out for 5min, then the plate is taken out and immediately placed in a roller which is preheated to 400 ℃, the rolling speed of the plate is 7m/min, then the plate is repeatedly subjected to the previous annealing treatment, the plate is continuously rolled in the second pass, the rolling directions of the first three passes are kept consistent, the plate is rolled from 5mm to 3.7mm after the 3 passes of rolling, the total deformation is 26%, when the fourth pass of rolling is carried out, the plate is rotated by 90 degrees in the original rolling direction for rolling, the rolling is repeatedly carried out for 3 times, the plate thickness is changed into 2.8mm after the 6 passes of rolling, the deformation is 24% on the original basis, and the total deformation is 44%. The rolling process controls the single-pass deformation to be 7-15%, and adopts a cross rolling mode, namely, after every three passes of rolling, the plate is rotated by 90 degrees and then is rolled, and the rolling direction and the transverse direction (vertical rolling direction) are changed alternately. The same annealing treatment is performed before each rolling pass. Finally, the plate is rolled by 18 times, the thickness of the plate is 1.1mm, and the deformation is 78%. The IE value of the alloy is: 5.67 mm.
The tensile strength and yield strength at room temperature of the alloy are as follows: 215MPa and 200 MPa.

Claims (3)

1. The magnesium alloy sheet material with high room temperature forming performance is characterized in that the alloy components are as follows: zn and Er are selected as main alloying elements, the addition amounts of the Zn and the Er are respectively less than or equal to 1.0 wt%, the total mass percent of the Zn and the Er elements in the alloy is less than or equal to 1.0 wt%, more than 0%, and the balance of magnesium;
the preparation process comprises the following steps:
(1) the smelting process comprises the following steps:
polishing the surfaces of raw materials of pure magnesium, pure zinc and Mg-Er intermediate alloy, and removing impurities of surface oxide skin; the whole smelting process adopts gas protection, wherein N is2For conveying gas, SF6Preheating a crucible to remove water for protecting gas, firstly adding pure magnesium, heating to 720 ℃, after the pure magnesium in the furnace is completely melted, sequentially adding pure zinc or Mg-Er intermediate alloy, continuously heating until the pure magnesium is completely melted, and stirring for 3min to ensure that the alloy is completely meltedHomogenizing the liquid, standing for 10-15 min, and then carrying out slag fishing and casting; solidifying and air-cooling in a steel mould to room temperature after casting;
(2) the rolling process comprises the following steps:
pre-cutting the cast ingot into plates, annealing at the annealing temperature of 350-500 ℃ for 5-30min before rolling the plates, taking out the plates and immediately placing the plates under a pre-heated roller to finish the rolling of a first pass at the rolling speed of 5-15m/min, then repeating the annealing treatment on the plates before and the rolling of a next pass, wherein the rolling directions of the first three passes are kept consistent, the total deformation of the plates after 3 passes of rolling is 15-30%, and when rolling of a fourth pass is performed, the plates are rolled by rotating 90 degrees on the same plane in the original rolling direction for 3 times, and the total deformation is 30-45% after 6 passes of rolling; repeating the two kinds of rolling in different directions, rotating the plate by 90 degrees after each rolling for three times, and then performing the next three times of rolling, wherein the rolling direction and the transverse direction, namely the vertical rolling direction, are changed alternately; the same annealing treatment is carried out before each pass of rolling; finally, rolling for 15-20 times, wherein the deformation of the plate is 80-95%.
2. The method for preparing the room-temperature high-forming magnesium alloy sheet material as claimed in claim 1, which comprises the following steps:
(1) the smelting process comprises the following steps:
polishing the surfaces of raw materials of pure magnesium, pure zinc and Mg-Er intermediate alloy, and removing impurities of surface oxide skin; the whole smelting process adopts gas protection, wherein N is2For conveying gas, SF6Preheating a crucible to remove water for protective gas, adding pure magnesium, heating to 720 ℃, adding pure zinc or Mg-Er intermediate alloy in sequence after the pure magnesium in the furnace is completely melted, continuing to heat until the pure magnesium is completely melted, stirring for 3min to homogenize alloy liquid, standing for 10-15 min, and then carrying out slag fishing and casting; solidifying and air-cooling in a steel mould to room temperature after casting;
(2) the rolling process comprises the following steps:
pre-cutting the cast ingot into plates, annealing at the annealing temperature of 350-500 ℃ for 5-30min before rolling the plates, taking out the plates and immediately placing the plates under a pre-heated roller to finish the rolling of a first pass at the rolling speed of 5-15m/min, then repeating the annealing treatment on the plates before and the rolling of a next pass, wherein the rolling directions of the first three passes are kept consistent, the total deformation of the plates after 3 passes of rolling is 15-30%, and when rolling of a fourth pass is performed, the plates are rolled by rotating 90 degrees on the same plane in the original rolling direction for 3 times, and the total deformation is 30-45% after 6 passes of rolling; repeating the two kinds of rolling in different directions, rotating the plate by 90 degrees after each rolling for three times, and then performing the next three times of rolling, wherein the rolling direction and the transverse direction, namely the vertical rolling direction, are changed alternately; the same annealing treatment is carried out before each pass of rolling; finally, rolling for 15-20 times, wherein the deformation of the plate is 80-95%.
3. The method according to claim 2, wherein, before the rolling process of step (2), the ingot obtained by melting is kept at 440 ℃ for 10 hours, and the heated alloy is quenched with warm water, i.e., 75 ℃; and (3) carrying out mechanical processing in the step (2) on the ingot obtained after the heat treatment to obtain a plate.
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