CN115537691A - Heat treatment method of GH3044 alloy, nickel-based alloy and preparation method of nickel-based alloy - Google Patents
Heat treatment method of GH3044 alloy, nickel-based alloy and preparation method of nickel-based alloy Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/10—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of nickel or cobalt or alloys based thereon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/0068—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for particular articles not mentioned below
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C19/00—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt
- C22C19/03—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel
- C22C19/05—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium
- C22C19/051—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium and Mo or W
- C22C19/055—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium and Mo or W with the maximum Cr content being at least 20% but less than 30%
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/02—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working in inert or controlled atmosphere or vacuum
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Abstract
The invention relates to a heat treatment method of GH3044 alloy, nickel-based alloy and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the technical field of nickel-based superalloy processing. The invention discloses a heat treatment method of GH3044 alloy, which comprises the following steps: heating the GH3044 alloy to be treated to 890-910 ℃ under vacuum, preserving the heat for 30-40 min, and then cooling. The heat treatment method of the GH3044 alloy can reduce the shear strength of the GH3044 alloy, when the heat-treated GH3044 alloy is a rivet, the shear strength of the rivet after heat treatment is 680-740 MPa, the requirement of a part of cruise missiles on the shear strength of the rivet made of the GH3044 alloy can be met, and the rivet after heat treatment has good riveting performance and other comprehensive properties.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a heat treatment method of GH3044 alloy, nickel-based alloy and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the technical field of nickel-based superalloy processing.
Background
The GH3044 alloy is a solid solution strengthened nickel-based high-temperature alloy, has high shaping property and medium heat strength at high temperature, has excellent oxidation resistance and good stamping and welding process performance, and is suitable for manufacturing parts for aerospace, military materials and the like. The rivet made of the GH3044 material is used for a certain cruise missile, the rivet is used for connecting a missile booster and a missile front end missile body, the missile booster needs to be separated from the missile body along with the depletion of fuel in the missile flying process, and according to the design requirement of the missile, the requirement can be met by adopting the rivet with the shear strength of 680-740 MPa for connection so as to ensure that the two parts can be normally separated under the action of proper tension. The GH3044 alloy (hot rolled state or cold drawn state, material has cold deformation strengthening during production) produced by the conventional method has higher shear strength, generally more than 740MPa, and cannot meet the requirement of a certain type of missile on the shear strength of a rivet.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a heat treatment method of a GH3044 alloy, which can solve the problem that the existing GH3044 alloy has high shear strength and cannot meet the use requirements of partial cruise missiles.
The second purpose of the invention is to provide a preparation method of the nickel-based alloy.
A third object of the present invention is to provide a nickel-based alloy.
In order to achieve the purpose, the heat treatment method of the GH3044 alloy adopts the following technical scheme:
a heat treatment method of GH3044 alloy comprises the following steps: heating the GH3044 alloy to be treated to 890-910 ℃ under vacuum, preserving the heat for 30-40 min, and then cooling.
According to the heat treatment method of the GH3044 alloy, the GH3044 alloy is heated to 890-910 ℃ in vacuum, the temperature is kept for 30-40 min, the shear strength of the GH3044 alloy can be reduced, when the heat-treated GH3044 alloy is a rivet, the shear strength of the rivet after heat treatment is 680-740 MPa, the requirement of a cruise missile connection part on the shear strength of a GH3044 alloy rivet can be met, the rivet after heat treatment has good riveting performance and other comprehensive properties, and the comprehensive properties meet the use requirement of the cruise missile connection part.
The heat preservation time is controlled to be 30-40 min, so that the heat preservation time not only meets the regulation of the industrial standard and can improve the production efficiency, but also can avoid the phenomenon that other properties of the GH3044 alloy are deteriorated due to overlong heat preservation time and the normal use of the GH3044 alloy after heat treatment is influenced.
It can be understood that the GH3044 alloy to be treated is heated under vacuum to avoid the GH3044 alloy being oxidized by oxygen in the air under the heating state, and the lower the absolute pressure of the vacuum is, the better the protection effect of the GH3044 alloy is. The absolute pressure of the vacuum is 0.13-13.3 pa.
Preferably, the GH3044 alloy to be treated consists of the following elements in percentage by mass: less than or equal to 0.10 percent of C, 23.50 to 26.50 percent of Cr, 13.00 to 16.00 percent of W, less than or equal to 1.50 percent of Mo, less than or equal to 0.50 percent of Al, 0.30 to 0.70 percent of Ti, less than or equal to 4.00 percent of Fe, less than or equal to 0.50 percent of Mn, less than or equal to 0.80 percent of Si, less than or equal to 0.013 percent of P, less than or equal to 0.013 percent of S, and the balance of Ni. The components of the GH3044 alloy treated by the method meet the requirements of standard GJB3165A-2008 'Specification of high-temperature alloy hot rolling and forging bar materials for aviation force-bearing parts' on the components of the GH3044 alloy.
Preferably, the cooling is to cool the GH3044 alloy after the heat preservation to a temperature not higher than 70 ℃ within 15 min.
Preferably, the cooling is performed by water cooling or oil cooling.
Preferably, the heating rate is not more than 25 ℃/min. For example, the heating rate is 10 to 25 ℃/min. Too fast temperature rise rate can lead to poor shear strength controllability of the GH3044 alloy after heat treatment and lower product percent of pass.
The preparation method of the nickel-based alloy adopts the technical scheme that:
a preparation method of a nickel-based alloy comprises the following steps: carrying out heat treatment on the metal alloy by adopting the heat treatment method of the GH3044 alloy; the metal alloy is GH3044 alloy.
The preparation method of the nickel-based alloy adopts the GH3044 alloy to be treated by the heat treatment method, the MC phase of the alloy is not large, and M is 23 C 6 The phases are distributed in a chain shape at grain boundaries, and WCr solid solution is precipitated in the grain boundaries, and the quantity and the size of the two precipitated phases influence the shear strength of the GH3044 alloy. Along with the prolonging of the aging time, the precipitation amount is increased, and the precipitated particles grow up. The shear strength of the GH3044 alloy can be controlled to 680-740 MPa by controlling the heat preservation temperature, the heat preservation time and the cooling mode, thereby meeting the special use requirements.
Preferably, the metal alloy consists of the following elements in mass fraction: less than or equal to 0.10 percent of C, 23.50 to 26.50 percent of Cr, 13.00 to 16.00 percent of W, less than or equal to 1.50 percent of Mo, less than or equal to 0.50 percent of Al, 0.30 to 0.70 percent of Ti, less than or equal to 4.00 percent of Fe, less than or equal to 0.50 percent of Mn, less than or equal to 0.80 percent of Si, less than or equal to 0.013 percent of P, less than or equal to 0.013 percent of S, and the balance of Ni.
The nickel-based alloy adopts the technical scheme that:
a nickel-based alloy prepared by the preparation method of the nickel-based alloy.
The shear strength of the nickel-based alloy is 680-740 MPa, and the nickel-based alloy has good riveting performance when being made into a rivet. In addition, the nickel-based alloy has high shaping performance, medium heat strength, excellent oxidation resistance and good stamping and welding process performance.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the structure of a rivet used in the heat treatment method of GH3044 alloys of examples 1 to 3 and comparative examples 1 to 5 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention will be further explained with reference to the specific embodiments. It should be noted that the purpose of this embodiment is to further illustrate the present invention, and not to limit the protection scope of the present invention.
The rivets used in the heat treatment methods of the GH3044 alloys of examples 1 to 3 and comparative examples 1 to 5 of the present invention were machined from a GH3044 alloy bar by a lathe, and the structure of the rivet is shown in FIG. 1; the GH3044 alloy bar is produced by a manufacturer of special smooth steel member limited company, the furnace batch number is 10251061205, the diameter of a round bar is 8mm, and the components of the GH3044 alloy bar meet the regulations of GH3044 alloy components in the standard GJB3165A-2008 specification of high-temperature alloy hot rolling and forging bar for aviation force-bearing parts, and the GH3044 alloy bar specifically comprises the following elements in percentage by mass: 0.049% of C, 24.21% of Cr, 14.41% of W, 0.74% of Mo, 0.26% of Al, 0.53% of Ti, 0.78% of Fe, 0% of Mn, 0% of Si, 0.012% of P, 0.002% of S and the balance of Ni.
The composition of the GH3044 alloy used in the embodiments 4 to 6 of the invention meets the specification of the GH3044 alloy composition in the standard GJB3165A-2008 Specification of high-temperature alloy hot rolling and forging bars for aviation force-bearing parts, and specifically comprises the following elements in percentage by mass: 0.049% of C, 24.21% of Cr, 14.41% of W, 0.74% of Mo, 0.26% of Al, 0.53% of Ti, 0.78% of Fe, 0% of Mn, 0% of Si, 0.012% of P, 0.002% of S and the balance of Ni.
1. The specific embodiment of the heat treatment method of the GH3044 alloy of the invention is as follows:
example 1
The heat treatment method of the GH3044 alloy of this embodiment takes a rivet made of a GH3044 alloy bar as an example, and specifically includes the following steps: placing the rivet made of the GH3044 alloy bar into a vacuum furnace, vacuumizing, heating to 890 ℃ at the heating rate of 10 ℃/min, preserving heat for 30min, cooling by adopting a water cooling mode, and finally removing oxide skin and dirt on the surface of the rivet to obtain the heat-treated rivet.
In this embodiment, the specific implementation method of water cooling may refer to the specification of 3.3 in the standard QJ2665A-2006, and includes the following steps: and (3) immersing the heat-insulated rivet into a water tank, wherein the using temperature of water in the water tank is 10-40 ℃, the water in the water tank is in a circulating flow state, cooling to be not higher than 40 ℃ after immersing for 15min, and taking out to finish water cooling.
Example 2
The heat treatment method of the GH3044 alloy of the embodiment takes a rivet made of a GH3044 alloy bar as an example, and specifically comprises the following steps: placing the rivet made of the GH3044 alloy bar into a vacuum furnace, vacuumizing, heating to 900 ℃ at a heating rate of 18 ℃/min, preserving heat for 35min, cooling in an oil cooling mode, and finally removing oxide skin and dirt on the surface of the rivet to obtain the heat-treated rivet.
In this embodiment, the specific implementation method of water cooling may refer to the specification of item 3.3 in standard QJ2665A-2006, and includes the following steps: and (3) immersing the rivet subjected to heat preservation into an oil tank provided with a stirring rod, wherein the using temperature of oil in the oil tank is 16-71 ℃, cooling to be not higher than 70 ℃ after immersing for 15min, and taking out to finish oil cooling.
Example 3
The heat treatment method of the GH3044 alloy of this embodiment takes a rivet made of a GH3044 alloy bar as an example, and specifically includes the following steps: putting the rivet made of the GH3044 alloy bar into a vacuum furnace, vacuumizing, heating to 910 ℃ at a heating rate of 25 ℃/min, preserving heat for 40min, cooling by adopting a water cooling mode, and finally removing oxide skin and dirt on the surface of the rivet to obtain the heat-treated rivet.
In this embodiment, the specific implementation method of water cooling may refer to the specification of item 3.3 in standard QJ2665A-2006, and includes the following steps: and (3) immersing the rivet subjected to heat preservation into a water tank, wherein the using temperature of water in the water tank is 10-40 ℃, the water in the water tank is in a circulating flow state, cooling to be not higher than 40 ℃ after immersing for 15min, and taking out to finish water cooling.
The heat treatment method of the GH3044 alloy of comparative examples 1-5 takes a rivet made of a GH3044 alloy bar as an example, and specifically comprises the following steps:
putting the rivet made of the GH3044 alloy bar into a vacuum furnace, vacuumizing, heating to m ℃ at the heating rate of 25 ℃/min, preserving heat for 40min, cooling by adopting a water cooling mode, and finally removing oxide skin and dirt on the surface of the rivet to obtain the heat-treated rivet.
The specific implementation method of water cooling can refer to the specification of 3.3 in the standard QJ2665A-2006, and comprises the following steps: and (3) immersing the rivet subjected to heat preservation into a water tank, wherein the using temperature of water in the water tank is 10-40 ℃, the water in the water tank is in a circulating flow state, cooling to be not higher than 40 ℃ after immersing for 15min, and taking out to finish water cooling.
TABLE 1 heating temperature in Heat treatment method of GH3044 alloys of comparative examples 1-5
| Heat treatment method | m |
| Comparative example 1 | 1140 |
| Comparative example 2 | 1000 |
| Comparative example 3 | 950 |
| Comparative example 4 | 850 |
| Comparative example 5 | 800 |
2. The specific embodiment of the preparation method of the nickel-based alloy of the invention is as follows:
example 4
The preparation method of the nickel-based alloy of the embodiment specifically comprises the following steps:
placing the GH3044 alloy into a vacuum furnace, vacuumizing, heating to 890 ℃ at the heating rate of 10 ℃/min, preserving heat for 30min, and cooling by adopting a water cooling mode to obtain the GH3044 alloy.
In this embodiment, the specific implementation method of water cooling may refer to the specification of item 3.3 in standard QJ2665A-2006, and includes the following steps: and (3) immersing the heat-insulated rivet into a water tank, wherein the using temperature of water in the water tank is 10-40 ℃, the water in the water tank is in a circulating flow state, cooling to be not higher than 40 ℃ after immersing for 15min, and taking out to finish water cooling.
Example 5
The preparation method of the nickel-based alloy of the embodiment specifically comprises the following steps:
placing the GH3044 alloy into a vacuum furnace, vacuumizing, heating to 900 ℃ at a heating rate of 18 ℃/min, preserving heat for 35min, and cooling in an oil cooling mode to obtain the GH3044 alloy.
In this embodiment, the specific implementation method of water cooling may refer to the specification of item 3.3 in standard QJ2665A-2006, and includes the following steps: and immersing the heat-insulated rivet into an oil tank provided with a stirring rod, wherein the using temperature of oil in the oil tank is 16-71 ℃, immersing for 15min, cooling to be not higher than 70 ℃, and taking out to finish oil cooling.
Example 6
The preparation method of the nickel-based alloy of the embodiment specifically comprises the following steps:
placing the GH3044 alloy into a vacuum furnace, vacuumizing, heating to 910 ℃ at a heating rate of 25 ℃/min, preserving heat for 40min, and cooling by adopting a water cooling mode to obtain the GH3044 alloy.
In this embodiment, the specific implementation method of water cooling may refer to the specification of 3.3 in the standard QJ2665A-2006, and includes the following steps: and (3) immersing the heat-insulated rivet into a water tank, wherein the using temperature of water in the water tank is 10-40 ℃, the water in the water tank is in a circulating flow state, cooling to be not higher than 40 ℃ after immersing for 15min, and taking out to finish water cooling.
3. Specific examples of the nickel-base alloy of the present invention are as follows:
the nickel-based alloy of this example was prepared by the method of any one of examples 4-6, and will not be described herein.
Experimental example 1
In order to evaluate the shear and riveting resistance of the heat-treated rivets obtained by the heat treatment method of the GH3044 alloys of examples 1 to 3 and comparative examples 1 to 5, the shear strength and riveting performance of the heat-treated rivets obtained in examples 1 to 3 and comparative examples 1 to 5 were tested, respectively. The method for testing the shear strength is carried out according to a method specified in standard GJB715.26A-2015 double shear for fastener experimental method, and the test rate adopted in the test is 167N/s; the riveting test was carried out according to the method specified in Standard HB6444-2002 "Standard for general rivets". The standards for the acceptability of the caulking property (the same as the specifications in standard HB 6444-2002) are required to be as follows: when the rivet is upset to a specified upset head size, the end face of the upset head is close to a circle, the diameter difference is not more than 0.1d, and no crack or crack exists during visual inspection. When the shear strength is tested, randomly selecting three samples from the samples prepared in each example or comparative example for testing, and recording the test result of each sample; in the riveting performance test, five samples were randomly selected from the samples prepared in each example or comparative example to be tested, and then the yield was calculated.
TABLE 2 test results of shear strength and riveting Properties of Heat-treated rivets obtained in examples 1 to 3 and comparative examples 1 to 5
The results show that the shear strength, riveting performance and other properties of the rivets treated by the heat treatment method of the GH3044 alloy of the embodiments 1-3 meet the use requirements of part cruise missiles.
Claims (8)
1. A heat treatment method of GH3044 alloy is characterized by comprising the following steps: the GH3044 alloy to be treated is heated to 890-910 ℃ under vacuum, the temperature is kept for 30-40 min, and then cooling is carried out.
2. The heat treatment method of the GH3044 alloy of claim 1, wherein the GH3044 alloy to be treated consists of the following elements in percentage by mass: less than or equal to 0.10 percent of C, 23.50 to 26.50 percent of Cr, 13.00 to 16.00 percent of W, less than or equal to 1.50 percent of Mo, less than or equal to 0.50 percent of Al, 0.30 to 0.70 percent of Ti, less than or equal to 4.00 percent of Fe, less than or equal to 0.50 percent of Mn, less than or equal to 0.80 percent of Si, less than or equal to 0.013 percent of P, less than or equal to 0.013 percent of S, and the balance of Ni.
3. The heat treatment method of the GH3044 alloy of claim 1 or 2, wherein the cooling is to cool the GH3044 alloy after the heat preservation to a temperature of not higher than 70 ℃ within 15 min.
4. The method of heat treating a GH3044 alloy of claim 3 wherein the cooling is by water or oil cooling.
5. The heat treatment method of the GH3044 alloy of claim 1 or 2, wherein the heating has a ramp rate of 10 to 25 ℃/min.
6. The preparation method of the nickel-based alloy is characterized by comprising the following steps of: carrying out heat treatment on the metal alloy by adopting the heat treatment method of the GH3044 alloy of any one of claims 1 to 5; the metal alloy is GH3044 alloy.
7. The method of making the nickel-base alloy of claim 6, wherein the metal alloy consists of the following elements in mass fraction: less than or equal to 0.10 percent of C, 23.50 to 26.50 percent of Cr, 13.00 to 16.00 percent of W, less than or equal to 1.50 percent of Mo, less than or equal to 0.50 percent of Al, 0.30 to 0.70 percent of Ti, less than or equal to 4.00 percent of Fe, less than or equal to 0.50 percent of Mn, less than or equal to 0.80 percent of Si, less than or equal to 0.013 percent of P, less than or equal to 0.013 percent of S, and the balance of Ni.
8. A nickel-base alloy produced by the production method for a nickel-base alloy according to claim 6 or 7.
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