CN111036811A - High-temperature alloy forging heat treatment method and product thereof - Google Patents

High-temperature alloy forging heat treatment method and product thereof Download PDF

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CN111036811A
CN111036811A CN201911267658.8A CN201911267658A CN111036811A CN 111036811 A CN111036811 A CN 111036811A CN 201911267658 A CN201911267658 A CN 201911267658A CN 111036811 A CN111036811 A CN 111036811A
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CN111036811B (en
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张华�
邹朝江
王攀智
宋捷
覃允亭
项春花
杨旭
杨家典
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Guizhou Aviation Technical Development Co ltd
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21JFORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J1/00Preparing metal stock or similar ancillary operations prior, during or post forging, e.g. heating or cooling
    • B21J1/003Selecting material
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21JFORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J1/00Preparing metal stock or similar ancillary operations prior, during or post forging, e.g. heating or cooling
    • B21J1/06Heating or cooling methods or arrangements specially adapted for performing forging or pressing operations
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21JFORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J5/00Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
    • B21J5/002Hybrid process, e.g. forging following casting
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C19/00Alloys based on nickel or cobalt
    • C22C19/03Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel
    • C22C19/05Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium
    • C22C19/051Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium and Mo or W
    • C22C19/057Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium and Mo or W with the maximum Cr content being less 10%
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22FCHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C22F1/00Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
    • C22F1/10Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of nickel or cobalt or alloys based thereon

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Abstract

A forging and heat treatment method of high-temperature alloy and a product thereof belong to the technical field of alloy forging. The alloy comprises the following components in percentage by weight: mo: 21-24, Cr: 7-10, Wu: 5-8, Fe: 2, Mn: less than or equal to 0.8, Al: less than or equal to 0.5, C: less than or equal to 0.03, and the balance being Ni. The method has the advantages that the product manufactured by the method can reach 760 ℃, and when the product is used at 760 ℃, the product has low expansion and high strength, and when the product is used at 650 ℃, the product is stretched at the high temperature: the tensile strength (MPa) is not less than 896, the yield strength (MPa) is not less than 552, the elongation (%) is not less than 13, and the reduction of area (%) is not less than 16, thereby effectively reducing the cracking risk of the alloy in the forging process.

Description

High-temperature alloy forging heat treatment method and product thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to a forging method, in particular to a forging method of a high-temperature alloy.
Background
Thermal expansion of metals and alloys is the result of uncoordinated vibrations of the lattice. The volume of the ordinary metal material is almost linearly expanded with the temperature rise, and the ferrite heat-resistant steel is usually about 10 to 14X10 in terms of linear expansion coefficient a between 20 ℃ and 80 DEG C6The Ni-based superalloy is about 12-16X 10 DEG C6The Fe-Ni based superalloy has a temperature of 14 to 17X10 DEG C6V. DEG C, 16 to 19X10 for austenitic steel6V. C. Certain alloys with specific compositional proportions have abnormally low or constant coefficients of expansion and are referred to as low expansion alloys. From the earliest commercial low expansion Fe-Ni alloys (Fe-36% Ni, Invar alloy), Fe-Ni-Co (International alloy designation IN9XX, domestic alloy designation GH9XX) series low expansion alloys, to Ni-Co-Fe series low expansion alloys and the recently developed Thermo-Span, In738, Haynes242 and USC141 low expansion alloys, people have been developing various low expansion alloys that can meet the requirements at different temperatures by adjusting the alloy components. Recently, with rapid development in the fields of aviation and energy, high-temperature low-expansion alloys and rapid development thereof have been promoted. Currently, high temperature low expansion alloys are widely used to fabricate seal rings, shafts, casings, blades, fasteners and other structural components requiring approximately constant dimensions in certain high temperature environments for gas and steam turbines.
Previous researches show that the poor high-temperature oxidation resistance of the low-expansion alloy can seriously affect the use temperature range of the low-expansion alloy, and the low-thermal expansion property and the high oxidation resistance are a pair of contradictions in the low-expansion high-temperature alloy, which mutually affect and restrict the development of the high-temperature low-expansion alloy.
IN order to keep the low expansion coefficient of the alloy low, the low expansion alloy developed earlier generally does not contain Cr, Al and other elements which are oxidation resistant, so that the oxidation resistance of the alloy is poor, as disclosed IN patent US4200459, US5192497, published patent No. Sho 54-90013, Japanese patent laid-open No. Hei 5-70894, alloy IN907, IN909 and HRA929, etc. In order to improve the oxidation resistance of the alloy, the addition of elements such as Cr and Al is tried, such as patents US4006012, CN1053094A, US4200459.CN1053094A, CN102485930A, Japanese patent 2007-225702, Japanese patent 2010-95940 and the like. The improved low expansion alloy HRA929C contained 8.0% Cr, IN783 contained 20% Cr, Thermal-Span contained 5.5% Cr, Haynes242 contained 8.0% Cr, and USC141 contained 20% Cr. The increase of the amount of Cr in the alloy improves the oxidation resistance of the alloy, but also increases the design difficulty of keeping the alloy at high temperature and low expansibility, because the addition of Cr causes the thermal expansion coefficient of the alloy to be greatly increased along with the increase of the temperature. At the end of the 80 s, Haynes, Inc. developed a high temperature, low expansion Ni-Mo-Cr alloy containing Cr (2%), Mo (25%), Ni (8%), Hayness242 alloy having a coefficient of thermal expansion between 20 ℃ and 750 of about 14X106/℃.
Haynes 244 is a novel 760 ℃ low-thermal expansion high-strength alloy, and the chemical component of the alloy is Ni-8Cr-22.5 Mo-6W. The Haynes 244 material is close to the Haynes242 material, compared with the Haynes242 material, the use temperature of the Haynes242 is limited to about 650 ℃, the use temperature of the Haynes 244 can reach 760 ℃, the strength of the Haynes 244 material is obviously higher than that of the Haynes242 material at 760 ℃, the requirement of high-temperature low-thermal-expansion alloy can be met, parts produced by the Haynes 244 material are widely used in various advanced combustion engines at present, and the Haynes 244 material is a preferred high-quality part of an aero-engine. The Haynes 244 alloy is relatively narrow in forging temperature range compared to other types of superalloys and is susceptible to forging cracks during forging. If the selected forging temperature is too low, surface cracks after forging are serious, if the temperature is too high, the grain size is coarse or the structure performance can not meet the use requirement, and the influence of the heat treatment temperature on the high-temperature performance and the structure is large. The material is a novel material in the domestic forging industry, the forging and heat treatment parameters and the performance and tissue rules of the product have no reference values, and the material is easy to crack in the forging process and is difficult to apply to the current industrial manufacturing.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a forging and heat treatment method of high-temperature alloy, the service temperature of a product manufactured by the method can reach 760 ℃, the expansion is low, the strength is high, and the product is manufactured by the method under the high-temperature stretching state at 650 ℃: the tensile strength (MPa) is not less than 896, the yield strength (MPa) is not less than 552, the elongation (%) is not less than 13, and the reduction of area (%) is not less than 16, thereby effectively reducing the cracking risk of the alloy in the forging process.
A high-temperature alloy forging heat treatment method comprises the following steps:
step 1: selecting N first samples from high-temperature alloy raw materials, wherein N is an odd number and is more than or equal to 3, and forging temperature ThLength of heat preservation WxNext, the forging deformation of the sample is set to Sa(ii) a Each of the first samples was then tested for grain size GmWherein T ish+1=Th+T0,Sa+1=Sa+S0Selecting a first sample with different forging deformation SaTime grain size GmG or more0Has a lowest temperature value of T in ThminSelecting a first sample with different grain sizes GmForging strain SaGreater than or equal to S0T ofhThe highest value of the medium temperature is Tmax(ii) a Selecting a first sample at different forging temperatures ThTime grain size GmG or more0S ofaThe lowest middle deformation is SminSelecting a first sample with different grain sizes GmForging temperature ThGreater than or equal to T0S ofaThe highest middle deformation is Smax
Step 2: the grain size G of the sample forged in the step 1mG or more0Each sample of (a) is prepared into N second samples, wherein N is an odd number and N is more than or equal to 3, and each second sample is heated at a heating temperature TiThe heat preservation time is WyIs subjected to a heat treatment followed by cooling, wherein Ti+1=Ti+T0,Wy+1=Wy+W0Then testing each secondGrain size G of samplenSelecting the grain size G of a second sample at different heat preservation time WynG or more0Heating temperature T ofiThe lowest temperature value of (a) is Tmin2Selecting the grain size G of a second sample at different heat preservation time WynG or more0Heating temperature T ofiThe highest temperature value of (a) is Tmax2
And step 3: the grain size G of the sample forged in the step 2nG or more0Each of the samples of (1) is prepared into N third samples, wherein N is an odd number and N is more than or equal to 3, and each of the third samples is heated at a heating temperature TjThe heat preservation time is WzIs subjected to a heat treatment followed by cooling, wherein Tj+1=Tj+T0,Wz+1=Wz+W0Then each third sample was tested for grain size GpSelecting the grain size G of a third sample at different heat preservation time lengths WzpG or more0Heating temperature T ofjThe lowest temperature value of (a) is Tmin3Selecting the grain size G of a third sample at different heat preservation time lengths WzpG or more0Heating temperature T ofjThe highest temperature value of (a) is Tmax3
And 4, step 4: performing structure and performance tests on the third sample in the step 3, and selecting the lowest grain size G of the forge piece when the structure and performance parameters of the third sample are qualifiedminMaximum grain size Gmax
Further, said T0Constant value, T0At 5 deg.C, 10 deg.C, 20 deg.C, 30 deg.C, 40 deg.C or 50 deg.C.
Further, said S0Constant value, S05%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% or 50%.
Further, W is0Is a constant value, W05 minutes, 10 minutes, 20 minutes, 30 minutes, or 50 minutes.
Further, said G0Grain size grade, G0Grade 1 or more.
Further, the forging deformation SaS is more than or equal to 10 percenta≤30%。
Further, the heat preservation time length WxThe effective thickness of the bar is multiplied by 6min/10mm, and W is more than or equal to 60minxLess than or equal to 120 min; w isyW is less than or equal to 65minyLess than or equal to 70 min; w iszW is more than or equal to 15hz≤17h.
Furthermore, the cooling mode is water cooling or air cooling.
Further, the cooling mode in the second step adopts water cooling, and the cooling mode in the third step adopts air cooling; or air cooling is adopted in the cooling mode in the step two, and water cooling is adopted in the step three.
Further, the temperature T is heatedhT is more than or equal to 1080 DEG Ch≤1150℃;TiT is more than or equal to 1050 DEG Ch≤1150℃;TjT is more than or equal to 700 DEG Ch≤780℃。
Further, the structure and performance parameters of the third sample set the acceptable values as the following parameters: under the state of stretching at room temperature: the tensile strength (MPa) is more than or equal to 1241, the yield strength (MPa) is more than or equal to 758, the percentage of elongation (%)) is more than or equal to 17, and the percentage of reduction of area (%)) is more than or equal to 18;
under the high-temperature stretching state at 650 ℃: the tensile strength (MPa) is not less than 896, the yield strength (MPa) is not less than 552, the elongation (%) is not less than 13, and the reduction of area (%) is not less than 16.
Further, the high-temperature alloy raw material comprises the following components in percentage by weight: mo: 21-24, Cr: 7-10, Wu: 5-8, Fe: 2, Mn: less than or equal to 0.8, Al: less than or equal to 0.5, C: less than or equal to 0.03, and the balance being Ni.
Further, the high-temperature alloy raw material comprises the following components in percentage by weight: mo: 22-23, Cr: 7.5-8.5, Wu: 5.4-6.7, Fe: 2, Mn: less than or equal to 0.8, Al: less than or equal to 0.5, C: less than or equal to 0.03, and the balance being Ni.
Further, the structural and performance parameters of the superalloy product meet the following conditions: under the state of stretching at room temperature: the tensile strength (MPa) is more than or equal to 1241, the yield strength (MPa) is more than or equal to 758, the percentage of elongation (%)) is more than or equal to 17, and the percentage of reduction of area (%)) is more than or equal to 18;
under the high-temperature stretching state at 650 ℃: the tensile strength (MPa) is not less than 896, the yield strength (MPa) is not less than 552, the elongation (%) is not less than 13, and the reduction of area (%) is not less than 16.
Further, the forging temperature of the superalloy product is set to T or moreminAnd is less than or equal to TmaxAnd the forging deformation is set to be S or moreminAnd is less than or equal to SmaxForging the blank, wherein the heat preservation time length is set to be more than or equal to WminAnd is less than or equal to Wmax,The grain size of the product is more than or equal to GminAnd is less than or equal to Gmax
The invention provides a forging and heat treatment method of high-temperature alloy, the service temperature of the product manufactured by the method can reach 760 ℃, the expansion is low, the strength is high, and the product manufactured by the method is in a high-temperature stretching state at 650 ℃: the tensile strength (MPa) is not less than 896, the yield strength (MPa) is not less than 552, the elongation (%) is not less than 13, and the reduction of area (%) is not less than 16, thereby effectively reducing the cracking risk of the alloy in the forging process.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a high temperature alloy forging heat treatment method.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and the detailed description.
The chemical composition of a superalloy is shown in table 1:
TABLE 1 chemical composition of the superalloy
Figure BDA0002313330340000051
The alloy with the components adopts the following forging and heat treatment method, and the steps are as follows:
step 1: the alloy raw materials in the table 1 are respectively sawed into 5 sections of materials with the diameter of 200mm multiplied by 70mm for forging, and the heating temperature ThSetting the temperature at 1000 ℃,1050 ℃,1080 ℃,1100 ℃,1150 ℃ and the heat preservation time WxAccording to the formula: calculating the effective thickness of the bar multiplied by 6min/10mm and the deformation quantity SaSelecting 10%, 15%, 21%, 29% and 30%, checking the grain size of the forged piece after forging, and averaging to obtain the crystal grains after forging at each fire, as shown in table 2 below.
TABLE 2 Heat treatment protocol and results for the first sample
Figure BDA0002313330340000052
Figure BDA0002313330340000061
Step 2: the grain size G of the sample forged in the step 1mPreparing 5 second samples from each sample of grade 1 or more, and heating each second sample at a heating temperature TiThe heat preservation time is WyPerforming heat treatment and water cooling, wherein the heating temperature TiSelecting 1050 ℃,1080 ℃,1100 ℃, 1130 ℃ and 1150 ℃; length of heat preservation Wy5 different time durations of 60min, 65min, 68min, 70min and 75min are selected; the test scheme is as shown in Table 3 below, the grain size of the forged piece is checked after forging, the average value is taken to obtain the crystal grains after forging at each time, and the grain size G is selectednThe forged materials of grade 2 were processed into 5 third samples, and heat-treated according to the recipe shown in Table 4.
TABLE 3 Heat treatment protocol for the second sample
Figure BDA0002313330340000062
TABLE 4 Heat treatment protocol for the third sample
Figure BDA0002313330340000063
Figure BDA0002313330340000071
And step 3: sampling the third test block subjected to the heat treatment for physical/mechanical performance test, and referring to the table 5-6, the tensile strength (MPa) of the alloy at room temperature is more than or equal to 1241, the yield strength (MPa) is more than or equal to 758, the elongation (%). is more than or equal to 17, and the reduction of area (%). is more than or equal to 18; under the high-temperature stretching state at 650 ℃: the tensile strength (MPa) is not less than 896, the yield strength (MPa) is not less than 552, the elongation (%) is not less than 13, and the reduction of area (%) is not less than 16, thereby effectively reducing the cracking risk of the alloy in the forging process.
TABLE 5 tensile Properties at Room temperature
Figure BDA0002313330340000072
TABLE 6 high-temperature tensile Properties
Figure BDA0002313330340000073
Figure BDA0002313330340000081

Claims (10)

1. A high-temperature alloy forging heat treatment method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: selecting N first samples from high-temperature alloy raw materials, wherein N is an odd number and is more than or equal to 3, and forging temperature ThLength of heat preservation WxNext, the forging deformation of the sample is set to Sa(ii) a Each of the first samples was then tested for grain size GmWherein T ish+1=Th+T0,Sa+1=Sa+S0Selecting a first sample with different forging deformation SaTime grain size GmG or more0Has a lowest temperature value of T in ThminSelecting a first sample with different grain sizes GmForging strain SaGreater than or equal to S0T ofhThe highest value of the medium temperature is Tmax(ii) a Selecting a first sample at different forging temperatures ThTime grain size GmG or more0S ofaThe lowest middle deformation is SminSelecting a first sample with different grain sizes GmForging temperature ThGreater than or equal to T0S ofaThe highest middle deformation is Smax
Step 2: the grain size G of the sample forged in the step 1mG or more0Each sample of (2) was made into N second samplesWherein N is an odd number and N.gtoreq.3, subjecting each second sample to a heating temperature TiThe heat preservation time is WyIs subjected to a heat treatment followed by cooling, wherein Ti+1=Ti+T0,Wy+1=Wy+W0Then each second sample was tested for grain size GnSelecting the grain size G of a second sample at different heat preservation time WynG or more0Heating temperature T ofiThe lowest temperature value of (a) is Tmin2Selecting the grain size G of a second sample at different heat preservation time WynG or more0Heating temperature T ofiThe highest temperature value of (a) is Tmax2
And step 3: the grain size G of the sample forged in the step 2nG or more0Each of the samples of (1) is prepared into N third samples, wherein N is an odd number and N is more than or equal to 3, and each of the third samples is heated at a heating temperature TjThe heat preservation time is WzIs subjected to a heat treatment followed by cooling, wherein Tj+1=Tj+T0,Wz+1=Wz+W0Then each third sample was tested for grain size GpSelecting the grain size G of a third sample at different heat preservation time lengths WzpG or more0Heating temperature T ofjThe lowest temperature value of (a) is Tmin3Selecting the grain size G of a second sample at different heat preservation time lengths WzpG or more0Heating temperature T ofjThe highest temperature value of (a) is Tmax3
And 4, step 4: performing structure and performance tests on the third sample in the step 3, and selecting the lowest grain size G of the forge piece when the structure and performance parameters of the third sample are qualifiedminMaximum grain size Gmax
2. A superalloy forging heat treatment process as in claim 1, wherein T is0Constant value, T0At 5 deg.C, 10 deg.C, 20 deg.C, 30 deg.C, 40 deg.C or 50 deg.C.
3. A superalloy forging and heat treatment method as in claim 1,the method is characterized in that: said S0Constant value, S05%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% or 50%.
4. A superalloy forging and heat treating method as claimed in claim 1, wherein: w is0Is a constant value, W05 minutes, 10 minutes, 20 minutes, 30 minutes, or 50 minutes.
5. A superalloy forging and heat treating method as claimed in claim 1, wherein: w isxThe effective thickness of the bar is 6min/10 mm.
6. A superalloy forging and heat treating method as claimed in claim 1, wherein: said G0Grain size grade, G0Grade 1 or more.
7. A superalloy forging and heat treating method as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the cooling mode is water cooling or air cooling.
8. A superalloy article formed by the forging and heat treating method of claims 1-7, wherein the superalloy raw material comprises, by weight: mo: 21-24, Cr: 7-10, Wu: 5-8, Fe: 2, Mn: less than or equal to 0.8, Al: less than or equal to 0.5, C: less than or equal to 0.03, and the balance being Ni.
9. A superalloy article as formed by the forging and heat treatment method of claim 8, wherein the superalloy article has texture and performance parameters that satisfy the following criteria: under the state of stretching at room temperature: the tensile strength (MPa) is more than or equal to 1241, the yield strength (MPa) is more than or equal to 758, the percentage of elongation (%)) is more than or equal to 17, and the percentage of reduction of area (%)) is more than or equal to 18;
under the high-temperature stretching state at 650 ℃: the tensile strength (MPa) is not less than 896, the yield strength (MPa) is not less than 552, the elongation (%) is not less than 13, and the reduction of area (%) is not less than 16.
10. A superalloy article formed by the forging and heat treating method of claim 8, wherein: the forging temperature of the superalloy product is set to T or higherminAnd is less than or equal to TmaxAnd the forging deformation is set to be S or moreminAnd is less than or equal to SmaxForging the blank, wherein the heat preservation time length is set to be more than or equal to WminAnd is less than or equal to WmaxThe grain size of the product is more than or equal to GminAnd is less than or equal to Gmax
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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN114807796A (en) * 2022-03-22 2022-07-29 西安聚能高温合金材料科技有限公司 Heat treatment process for improving high-temperature plasticity of GH2909 alloy

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CN105648373A (en) * 2016-04-08 2016-06-08 中国第重型机械股份公司 Forging grain control method for 617 nickel base alloy rotor forge piece for 700-DEG C ultra-supercritical unit
CN106381364A (en) * 2016-10-20 2017-02-08 四川六合锻造股份有限公司 Method for improving grain size of blade steel 2Cr12MoV
CN107245683A (en) * 2017-06-08 2017-10-13 太原钢铁(集团)有限公司 Forge organizational controls method in nickel-base alloy footpath

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6233500B1 (en) * 1997-06-19 2001-05-15 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Air Force Optimization and control of microstructure development during hot metal working
CN104732012A (en) * 2015-02-13 2015-06-24 西北工业大学 Method for establishing relations between grain sizes and forging thermal parameters of GH4169 alloy forged part
CN105648373A (en) * 2016-04-08 2016-06-08 中国第重型机械股份公司 Forging grain control method for 617 nickel base alloy rotor forge piece for 700-DEG C ultra-supercritical unit
CN106381364A (en) * 2016-10-20 2017-02-08 四川六合锻造股份有限公司 Method for improving grain size of blade steel 2Cr12MoV
CN107245683A (en) * 2017-06-08 2017-10-13 太原钢铁(集团)有限公司 Forge organizational controls method in nickel-base alloy footpath

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN114807796A (en) * 2022-03-22 2022-07-29 西安聚能高温合金材料科技有限公司 Heat treatment process for improving high-temperature plasticity of GH2909 alloy

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