CN115521182B - Fertilizer for preventing and treating peanut root rot and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Fertilizer for preventing and treating peanut root rot and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 235000020232 peanut Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
- 235000017060 Arachis glabrata Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- 235000010777 Arachis hypogaea Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- 235000018262 Arachis monticola Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 241001553178 Arachis glabrata Species 0.000 title 1
- 244000105624 Arachis hypogaea Species 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 235000016068 Berberis vulgaris Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 241000335053 Beta vulgaris Species 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- APUPEJJSWDHEBO-UHFFFAOYSA-P ammonium molybdate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[O-][Mo]([O-])(=O)=O APUPEJJSWDHEBO-UHFFFAOYSA-P 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229940010552 ammonium molybdate Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 235000018660 ammonium molybdate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000011609 ammonium molybdate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 241000287828 Gallus gallus Species 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000000440 bentonite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229910000278 bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bentoquatam Chemical compound O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- QJZYHAIUNVAGQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-nitrobicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2,3-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound C1C2C=CC1C(C(=O)O)C2(C(O)=O)[N+]([O-])=O QJZYHAIUNVAGQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 244000046052 Phaseolus vulgaris Species 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 235000010627 Phaseolus vulgaris Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000004021 humic acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 claims description 39
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 claims description 39
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 39
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 241000194108 Bacillus licheniformis Species 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 241000223260 Trichoderma harzianum Species 0.000 claims description 15
- 241000186660 Lactobacillus Species 0.000 claims description 14
- 241000235342 Saccharomycetes Species 0.000 claims description 14
- 229940039696 lactobacillus Drugs 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000001580 bacterial effect Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 241000589151 Azotobacter Species 0.000 claims description 11
- ATRRKUHOCOJYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium bicarbonate Chemical compound [NH4+].OC([O-])=O ATRRKUHOCOJYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910000013 Ammonium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 235000012538 ammonium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000001099 ammonium carbonate Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- IDGUHHHQCWSQLU-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethanol;hydrate Chemical compound O.CCO IDGUHHHQCWSQLU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000013043 chemical agent Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 21
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 12
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 11
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 7
- UHPMCKVQTMMPCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5,8-dihydroxy-2-methoxy-6-methyl-7-(2-oxopropyl)naphthalene-1,4-dione Chemical compound CC1=C(CC(C)=O)C(O)=C2C(=O)C(OC)=CC(=O)C2=C1O UHPMCKVQTMMPCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 241000223218 Fusarium Species 0.000 description 4
- 244000052616 bacterial pathogen Species 0.000 description 4
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 4
- 208000015181 infectious disease Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 244000063299 Bacillus subtilis Species 0.000 description 3
- 235000014469 Bacillus subtilis Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 229920005610 lignin Polymers 0.000 description 3
- TWFZGCMQGLPBSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbendazim Natural products C1=CC=C2NC(NC(=O)OC)=NC2=C1 TWFZGCMQGLPBSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920002488 Hemicellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 241000244206 Nematoda Species 0.000 description 2
- LCTONWCANYUPML-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyruvic acid Chemical compound CC(=O)C(O)=O LCTONWCANYUPML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000006013 carbendazim Substances 0.000 description 2
- JNPZQRQPIHJYNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbendazim Chemical compound C1=C[CH]C2=NC(NC(=O)OC)=NC2=C1 JNPZQRQPIHJYNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 description 2
- FFSJPOPLSWBGQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N triazol-4-one Chemical compound O=C1C=NN=N1 FFSJPOPLSWBGQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PAWQVTBBRAZDMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-bromo-2-fluorophenyl)acetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC1=CC=CC(Br)=C1F PAWQVTBBRAZDMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen sulfide Chemical compound S RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010059866 Drug resistance Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010015866 Extravasation Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000233866 Fungi Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000005794 Hymexazol Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IOVCWXUNBOPUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M Nitrite anion Chemical compound [O-]N=O IOVCWXUNBOPUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012670 alkaline solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000000170 cell membrane Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000002390 cell membrane structure Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000011869 dried fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000036251 extravasation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002538 fungal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000037 hydrogen sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- KGVPNLBXJKTABS-UHFFFAOYSA-N hymexazol Chemical compound CC1=CC(O)=NO1 KGVPNLBXJKTABS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007726 management method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 244000000010 microbial pathogen Species 0.000 description 1
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000003000 nontoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000575 pesticide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000614 poison Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229940107700 pyruvic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002688 soil aggregate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003440 toxic substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004563 wettable powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004383 yellowing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
- C05C3/00—Fertilisers containing other salts of ammonia or ammonia itself, e.g. gas liquor
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/20—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation using specific microorganisms or substances, e.g. enzymes, for activating or stimulating the treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/60—Biocides or preservatives, e.g. disinfectants, pesticides or herbicides; Pest repellants or attractants
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/10—Solid or semi-solid fertilisers, e.g. powders
- C05G5/12—Granules or flakes
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Tropical Medicine & Parasitology (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Plant Pathology (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The application discloses a fertilizer for preventing and treating peanut root rot and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of agricultural fertilizers. The fertilizer for preventing and treating peanut root rot comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass: 40-60 parts of chicken manure, 50-80 parts of pig manure, 70-90 parts of straw, 10-20 parts of bean dregs, 3-5 parts of compound microorganisms, 10-20 parts of humic acid, 5-10 parts of bentonite, 5-10 parts of activated carbon, 1-2 parts of beet extract and 3-5 parts of ammonium molybdate. The fertilizer prepared by the application is applied before peanut planting, so that the incidence rate of peanut root rot can be effectively controlled, and the high-efficiency prevention and control of peanut root rot can be realized under the condition of no chemical agent.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of agricultural fertilizers, in particular to a fertilizer for preventing and treating peanut root rot and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Peanut is an important oil and commercial crop. Peanut root rot is a disease of peanut root, commonly called as 'rat tail' and root rot, which is a fungal soil-borne disease caused by infection of peanut root by fusarium of the phylum of the subphylum of the half-known fungus, and the whole growth period is possible. If the root of the seed is infected in the emergence period of the peanut, rotting seeds and rotting buds can be caused; the seedling stage infection causes browning of underground main roots of seedlings, dwarfing and yellowing of plants and finally wilting. Generally, the disease incidence is about 10-30%, infected plants die often after 3-4 days of wilting, so that the problems of seedling emergence, seedling shortage and ridge breaking are caused, the yield is seriously influenced, and the development of the peanut industry is restricted.
The method for preventing and treating peanut root rot at the present stage mainly depends on chemical agents, such as 40% triazolone and carbendazim wettable powder for seed dressing, and after seedling alignment, the inspection is enhanced, and the central disease plant is blocked by immediately adopting a spray or drenching method for applying medicines (Tianda hymexazol, triazolone and carbendazim). However, the long-term use of chemical agents is prone to the problems of drug resistance, environmental pollution and the like. How to find a control method which is non-toxic to soil and crops becomes a technical problem which needs to be solved by the technicians in the field.
Disclosure of Invention
The application aims to provide a fertilizer for preventing and treating peanut root rot and a preparation method thereof, so as to solve the problems in the prior art.
In order to achieve the above object, the present application provides the following solutions:
one of the technical schemes of the application is as follows: the fertilizer for preventing and treating peanut root rot comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass: 40-60 parts of chicken manure, 50-80 parts of pig manure, 70-90 parts of straw, 10-20 parts of bean dregs, 3-5 parts of compound microorganisms, 10-20 parts of humic acid, 5-10 parts of bentonite, 5-10 parts of activated carbon, 1-2 parts of beet extract and 3-5 parts of ammonium molybdate.
The molybdenum element in ammonium molybdate can inhibit the growth of fusarium hyphae, destroy the cell membrane structure of the hyphae, increase the cell membrane permeability, promote the extravasation of electrolytic substances in cells, cause the outflow of soluble sugar, soluble protein and pyruvic acid in the cells of the hyphae, and further inhibit the normal growth of the hyphae.
The bentonite can effectively improve soil, relieve soil hardening, degrade residual pesticides and harmful substances in the soil and balance the pH value of the soil.
Further, the compound microorganism comprises bacillus licheniformis, azotobacter, lactobacillus, saccharomycetes and trichoderma harzianum.
Bacillus licheniformis can produce active substances for inhibiting the growth and reproduction of pathogenic bacteria.
Azotobacter, lactobacillus and saccharomycetes can effectively inhibit the reproduction of pathogenic microorganisms in soil and effectively prevent fusarium from infecting plants.
The saccharomycete and the bacillus licheniformis can decompose harmful substances such as hydrogen sulfide, nitrite and the like in the excrement, and can kill grass seeds in the excrement and reduce the content of harmful substances such as pathogenic bacteria and the like.
The trichoderma harzianum and the organic fertilizer are combined, so that the soil aggregate structure can be improved, the soil caking degree is relieved, the toxic substances in the soil are eliminated, the growth activity of soil organic matters is accelerated, and the moisture and air in the soil are increased and maintained.
Further, the mass ratio of the bacillus licheniformis to the azotobacter to the lactobacillus to the saccharomycetes to the trichoderma harzianum is 2:1:1:1:2.
Further, the bacillus licheniformis has a bacterial content of 1.0x10 9 cfu/g, nitrogen-fixing bacteria with a bacterial content of 9.0X10 8 cfu/g, lactobacillus content of 1.0X10 7 cfu/g, the bacterial content of the saccharomycetes is 2.0X10 8 cfu/g, trichoderma harzianum with a bacterial content of 1.0X10 9 cfu/g。
Further, the preparation of the beet extract specifically comprises: crushing beet, extracting with ethanol water solution, rotary evaporating to eliminate solvent and concentrating to relative density of 1.20-1.35 to obtain beet extract.
The beet extract can effectively inhibit the growth and propagation of nematodes in soil, prevent the nematodes from damaging peanut roots, and further accelerate the infection of fusarium.
Further, the concentration of the ethanol aqueous solution is 50 to 70vol.%.
The second technical scheme of the application is as follows: the preparation method of the fertilizer for preventing and treating peanut root rot comprises the following steps:
(1) Weighing raw materials according to the parts by weight, crushing straws, performing steam explosion treatment, soaking in ammonium bicarbonate solution, and performing microwave treatment to obtain pretreated straws;
the steam explosion treatment mainly utilizes high-temperature and high-pressure steam to treat the fiber raw material, and realizes the separation and structural change of the components of the raw material through the instant pressure release process. Cellulose in the straw is bonded by lignin, the crystallinity of the cellulose is improved, the polymerization degree is reduced, hemicellulose is partially degraded, lignin is softened, the transverse connection strength is reduced, even the hemicellulose is softened and plastic, when the pressure of a material filled with the pressure steam is suddenly released, water vapor in pores is rapidly expanded to generate a blasting effect, lignin can be partially stripped, the raw material is torn into fine fibers, and then the fine fibers are soaked in an alkaline solution (ammonium bicarbonate solution) for ammoniation treatment, and then the fine fibers are placed in a microwave environment for receiving radiation treatment, so that the characteristic of smoothness of the surface of the straw can be enhanced, the straw becomes soft and convex, and the adhesion of microorganisms is facilitated.
(2) Uniformly mixing chicken manure, pig manure, bean dregs, compound microorganisms, humic acid and pretreated straw, adding water until the water content is 40-50%, and piling up for fermentation to obtain a fermentation material;
(3) Crushing the fermented material, uniformly mixing the crushed material with bentonite, activated carbon, beet extract and ammonium molybdate, and granulating to obtain the fertilizer for preventing and treating peanut root rot.
Further, in the step (1), the powder is crushed to 1-2 cm; the temperature of the steam explosion treatment is 140-160 ℃, the pressure is 0.8-1.2 MPa, and the time is 10-15 min.
Further, in step (1), the concentration of the ammonium bicarbonate solution is 3-5 wt.%; the soaking time is 3-5 d; the power of the microwave treatment is 200-220W, and the time is 10-12 min.
Further, in the step (2), the fermentation temperature is 35-40 ℃ and the fermentation time is 30-35 d; and (3) crushing to 0.1-0.3 mm in the step (3).
The application discloses the following technical effects:
the fertilizer for preventing and controlling peanut root rot can effectively kill pathogenic bacteria and insect pests which cause the occurrence of root rot in soil, is applied to areas where the occurrence of peanut root rot is serious, can obviously reduce the incidence of root rot and increase the peanut yield; the fertilizer prepared by the application is applied to the soil, so that the functional diversity of soil microbial communities can be improved, and the healthy microbial ecological balance of the soil can be maintained; and the fertilizer prepared by the application is harmless to soil and crops.
The fertilizer for preventing and treating peanut root rot can effectively increase the organic matter content of soil, promote the decomposition of organic matters, improve soil, relieve soil hardening, balance the pH value of the soil and further reduce the occurrence and infection probability of pathogenic bacteria.
Detailed Description
Various exemplary embodiments of the application will now be described in detail, which should not be considered as limiting the application, but rather as more detailed descriptions of certain aspects, features and embodiments of the application.
It is to be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the application. In addition, for numerical ranges in this disclosure, it is understood that each intermediate value between the upper and lower limits of the ranges is also specifically disclosed. Every smaller range between any stated value or stated range, and any other stated value or intermediate value within the stated range, is also encompassed within the application. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges may independently be included or excluded in the range.
Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs. Although only preferred methods and materials are described herein, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can be used in the practice or testing of the present application. All documents mentioned in this specification are incorporated by reference for the purpose of disclosing and describing the methods and/or materials associated with the documents. In case of conflict with any incorporated document, the present specification will control.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made in the specific embodiments of the application described herein without departing from the scope or spirit of the application. Other embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the specification of the present application. The specification and examples of the present application are exemplary only.
As used herein, the terms "comprising," "including," "having," "containing," and the like are intended to be inclusive and mean an inclusion, but not limited to.
The "parts" described in the following examples are all "parts by mass".
Bacillus licheniformis, azotobacter, lactobacillus, saccharomycetes, trichoderma harzianum and Bacillus subtilis used in the following examples and comparative examples are all commercially available.
The bacillus licheniformis has a bacterial content of 1.0 multiplied by 10 9 cfu/g, nitrogen-fixing bacteria with a bacterial content of 9.0X10 8 cfu/g, lactobacillus content of 1.0X10 7 cfu/g, the bacterial content of the saccharomycetes is 2.0X10 8 cfu/g, trichoderma harzianum with a bacterial content of 1.0X10 9 cfu/g, bacillus subtilis with a bacterial content of 1.0X10 9 cfu/g。
The water content of the chicken manure used in the following examples and comparative examples of the present application is 15 to 20wt.%, and the water content of the pig manure is 20 to 25wt.%.
Example 1
A preparation method of a fertilizer for preventing and treating peanut root rot comprises the following steps:
the fertilizer for preventing and treating peanut root rot comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass: 55 parts of chicken manure (water content 18 wt.%), 60 parts of pig manure (water content 22 wt.%), 80 parts of straw, 15 parts of bean dregs, 4 parts of compound microorganisms, 20 parts of humic acid, 8 parts of bentonite, 5 parts of activated carbon, 2 parts of beet extract and 4 parts of ammonium molybdate.
The compound microorganism consists of bacillus licheniformis, azotobacter, lactobacillus, saccharomycetes and trichoderma harzianum in the mass ratio of 2:1:1:1:2.
Preparation of beet extract: crushing beet, decocting with 60vol.% ethanol water solution (mass/volume ratio of beet and ethanol water solution is 1:3, extraction temperature is 50deg.C), rotary evaporating to remove ethanol, and concentrating to relative density of 1.30 to obtain beet extract.
The preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) Raw materials are weighed according to parts by weight, straw is crushed to be about 1cm in length, then steam flash explosion treatment is carried out for 12min under the conditions of 160 ℃ and 1MPa in pressure, the obtained straw is soaked in ammonium bicarbonate aqueous solution with the concentration of 3wt.% for 4d, and then microwave treatment is carried out on the straw for 10min under the condition that the microwave power is set to be 200W, so that pretreated straw is obtained.
(2) Mixing chicken manure, pig manure, bean dregs, compound microorganisms, humic acid and pretreated straw uniformly, adding water until the water content is about 45%, stacking into a fermentation pile with the length of 5m, the width of 2.5m and the height of 1m, and controlling the fermentation temperature to be 35-40 ℃ for fermentation for 35d (turning the pile for 1 time every 7d during the fermentation period) to obtain the fermentation material.
(3) Crushing the fermented material to a particle size of 0.1mm, then uniformly mixing the fermented material with bentonite, activated carbon, beet extract and ammonium molybdate, adding water until the water content is about 18%, and granulating (the particle size is 2 mm) to obtain the fertilizer for preventing and treating peanut root rot.
Example 2
A preparation method of a fertilizer for preventing and treating peanut root rot comprises the following steps:
the fertilizer for preventing and treating peanut root rot comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass: 40 parts of chicken manure (water content of 18 wt.%), 50 parts of pig manure (water content of 22 wt.%), 90 parts of straw, 20 parts of bean dregs, 3 parts of compound microorganisms, 10 parts of humic acid, 5 parts of bentonite, 8 parts of activated carbon, 1 part of beet extract and 3 parts of ammonium molybdate.
The compound microorganism consists of bacillus licheniformis, azotobacter, lactobacillus, saccharomycetes and trichoderma harzianum in the mass ratio of 2:1:1:1:2.
Preparation of beet extract: crushing beet, decocting with 50vol.% ethanol water solution (mass/volume ratio of beet and ethanol water solution is 1:3, extraction temperature is 50deg.C), rotary evaporating to remove ethanol, and concentrating to relative density of 1.25 to obtain beet extract.
The preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) Raw materials are weighed according to parts by weight, straw is crushed to be about 2cm in length, then steam flash explosion treatment is carried out for 15min under the conditions of 140 ℃ and 0.8MPa, the obtained straw is soaked in ammonium bicarbonate aqueous solution with the concentration of 3.5wt.% for 5d, and then microwave treatment is carried out on the straw for 12min by setting the microwave power to be 210W, so that pretreated straw is obtained.
(2) Mixing chicken manure, pig manure, bean dregs, compound microorganisms, humic acid and pretreated straw uniformly, adding water until the water content is about 40%, stacking into a fermentation pile with the length of 5m, the width of 2.5m and the height of 1m, and controlling the fermentation temperature to be 35-40 ℃ for fermentation for 32d (turning the pile for 1 time every 8d during the fermentation period) to obtain the fermentation material.
(3) Crushing the fermented material to a particle size of 0.2mm, then uniformly mixing the fermented material with bentonite, activated carbon, beet extract and ammonium molybdate, adding water until the water content is about 18%, and granulating (the particle size is 2 mm) to obtain the fertilizer for preventing and treating peanut root rot.
Example 3
A preparation method of a fertilizer for preventing and treating peanut root rot comprises the following steps:
the fertilizer for preventing and treating peanut root rot comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass: 60 parts of chicken manure (water content of 15 wt.%), 80 parts of pig manure (water content of 22 wt.%), 70 parts of straw, 15 parts of bean dregs, 5 parts of compound microorganisms, 18 parts of humic acid, 8 parts of bentonite, 10 parts of activated carbon, 2 parts of beet extract and 5 parts of ammonium molybdate.
The compound microorganism consists of bacillus licheniformis, azotobacter, lactobacillus, saccharomycetes and trichoderma harzianum in the mass ratio of 2:1:1:1:2.
Preparation of beet extract: crushing beet, decocting with 55vol.% ethanol water solution (mass/volume ratio of beet and ethanol water solution is 1:3, extraction temperature is 50deg.C), rotary evaporating to remove ethanol, and concentrating to relative density of 1.20 to obtain beet extract.
The preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) Raw materials are weighed according to parts by weight, straw is crushed to be about 1cm in length, then steam flash explosion treatment is carried out for 10min under the conditions of the temperature of 155 ℃ and the pressure of 1.2MPa, the obtained straw is soaked in ammonium bicarbonate aqueous solution with the concentration of 4wt.% for 3d, and then microwave treatment is carried out on the straw for 11min under the condition that the microwave power is set to be 200W, so that pretreated straw is obtained.
(2) Mixing chicken manure, pig manure, bean dregs, compound microorganisms, humic acid and pretreated straw uniformly, adding water until the water content is about 45%, stacking into a fermentation pile with the length of 5m, the width of 2.5m and the height of 1m, and controlling the fermentation temperature to be 35-40 ℃ for 30d (turning the pile for 1 time every 6d during the fermentation period) to obtain the fermentation material.
(3) Crushing the fermented material to a particle size of 0.3mm, then uniformly mixing the fermented material with bentonite, activated carbon, beet extract and ammonium molybdate, adding water until the water content is about 18%, and granulating (the particle size is 2 mm) to obtain the fertilizer for preventing and treating peanut root rot.
Example 4
A preparation method of a fertilizer for preventing and treating peanut root rot comprises the following steps:
the fertilizer for preventing and treating peanut root rot comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass: 55 parts of chicken manure (water content of 20 wt.%), 75 parts of pig manure (water content of 21 wt.%), 90 parts of straw, 20 parts of bean dregs, 3 parts of compound microorganisms, 20 parts of humic acid, 10 parts of bentonite, 5 parts of activated carbon, 1 part of beet extract and 4 parts of ammonium molybdate.
The compound microorganism consists of bacillus licheniformis, azotobacter, lactobacillus, saccharomycetes and trichoderma harzianum in the mass ratio of 2:1:1:1:2.
Preparation of beet extract: crushing beet, decocting with 70vol.% ethanol water solution (mass/volume ratio of beet and ethanol water solution is 1:3, extraction temperature is 50deg.C), rotary evaporating to remove ethanol, and concentrating to relative density of 1.35 to obtain beet extract.
The preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) Raw materials are weighed according to parts by weight, straw is crushed to be about 2cm in length, then steam flash explosion treatment is carried out for 13min under the conditions of 145 ℃ and 1.1MPa, the obtained straw is soaked in ammonium bicarbonate aqueous solution with the concentration of 5wt.% for 5d, and then microwave treatment is carried out on the straw for 10min under the condition that the microwave power is set to be 220W, so that pretreated straw is obtained.
(2) Mixing chicken manure, pig manure, bean dregs, compound microorganisms, humic acid and pretreated straw uniformly, adding water until the water content is about 50%, stacking into a fermentation pile with the length of 5m, the width of 2.5m and the height of 1m, and controlling the fermentation temperature to be 35-40 ℃ for fermentation for 35d (turning the pile for 1 time every 7d during the fermentation period) to obtain the fermentation material.
(3) Crushing the fermented material to a particle size of 0.1mm, then uniformly mixing the fermented material with bentonite, activated carbon, beet extract and ammonium molybdate, adding water until the water content is about 18%, and granulating (the particle size is 2 mm) to obtain the fertilizer for preventing and treating peanut root rot.
Comparative example 1
The difference from example 1 is that ammonium molybdate is replaced by ammonium nitrate.
Comparative example 2
The difference is that the raw material does not contain beet extract as in example 1.
Comparative example 3
The difference is that Bacillus licheniformis is replaced with Bacillus subtilis as in example 1.
Comparative example 4
The difference with example 1 is that the compound microorganism consists of bacillus licheniformis, azotobacter, lactobacillus, saccharomycetes and trichoderma harzianum with the mass ratio of 1:3:1:1:1.
Comparative example 5
The difference is that Trichoderma harzianum is replaced with Bacillus licheniformis as in example 1.
Comparative example 6
The difference from example 1 is that the preparation method is as follows:
(1) Weighing raw materials in parts by mass, crushing the straws to about 1cm in length, and performing steam explosion treatment for 12min at 160 ℃ under 1MPa to obtain the pretreated straws.
(2) Mixing chicken manure, pig manure, bean dregs, compound microorganisms, humic acid and pretreated straw uniformly, adding water until the water content is about 45%, stacking into a fermentation pile with the length of 5m, the width of 2.5m and the height of 1m, and controlling the fermentation temperature to be 35-40 ℃ for fermentation for 35d (turning the pile for 1 time every 7d during the fermentation period) to obtain the fermentation material.
(3) Crushing the fermented material to a particle size of 0.1mm, then uniformly mixing the fermented material with bentonite, activated carbon, beet extract and ammonium molybdate, adding water until the water content is about 18%, and granulating (the particle size is 2 mm) to obtain the fertilizer for preventing and treating peanut root rot.
Comparative example 7
The difference from example 1 is that the preparation method is as follows:
the preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) Weighing raw materials according to parts by weight, crushing the straw to about 1cm in length, soaking the crushed straw in an ammonium bicarbonate aqueous solution with the concentration of 3wt.% for 4 days, and then setting the microwave power of 200W to perform microwave treatment on the straw for 10 minutes to obtain the pretreated straw.
(2) Mixing chicken manure, pig manure, bean dregs, compound microorganisms, humic acid and pretreated straw uniformly, adding water until the water content is about 45%, stacking into a fermentation pile with the length of 5m, the width of 2.5m and the height of 1m, and controlling the fermentation temperature to be 35-40 ℃ for fermentation for 35d (turning the pile for 1 time every 7d during the fermentation period) to obtain the fermentation material.
(3) Crushing the fermented material to a particle size of 0.1mm, then uniformly mixing the fermented material with bentonite, activated carbon, beet extract and ammonium molybdate, adding water until the water content is about 18%, and granulating (the particle size is 2 mm) to obtain the fertilizer for preventing and treating peanut root rot.
Effect example 1
When peanuts are planted, the fertilizer prepared in the embodiment and the comparative example and the base fertilizer are applied to the soil of the planting field together, the dosage is 30 kg/mu, the furrow is made, the sowing density is 8000 plants per mu, root rot prevention and control are not carried out after sowing, and the rest management methods are carried out according to the conventional method during the peanut planting period; the control group did not apply the fertilizer prepared in the examples of the present application and the comparative examples.
After planting peanuts (Weihua No. 8) for 1 month, adopting a Z-shaped five-point sampling method to investigate the occurrence of root rot and calculate the morbidity; in the full fruit maturity stage, a Z-shaped five-point sampling method is adopted to investigate the occurrence of root rot and calculate the morbidity; after harvesting the peanuts, the peanut yield (dried fruit) was counted and the results are shown in Table 1.
The calculation formula of the incidence rate of root rot is as follows: morbidity = (number of affected plants/total number of investigated plants) ×100%.
TABLE 1
As can be seen from Table 1, the incidence of peanut root rot can be effectively controlled by applying the fertilizer prepared by the application only once before planting, the fertilizer application cost can be saved, the fertilizer application frequency can be reduced, and the efficient prevention and control of peanut root rot can be realized under the condition of no chemical agent.
The above embodiments are only illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present application and are not intended to limit the scope of the present application, and various modifications and improvements made by those skilled in the art to the technical solutions of the present application should fall within the protection scope defined by the claims of the present application without departing from the design spirit of the present application.
Claims (5)
1. The fertilizer for preventing and treating peanut root rot is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in parts by mass: 40-60 parts of chicken manure, 50-80 parts of pig manure, 70-90 parts of straw, 10-20 parts of bean dregs, 3-5 parts of compound microorganisms, 10-20 parts of humic acid, 5-10 parts of bentonite, 5-10 parts of activated carbon, 1-2 parts of beet extract and 3-5 parts of ammonium molybdate;
the compound microorganism consists of bacillus licheniformis, azotobacter, lactobacillus, saccharomycetes and trichoderma harzianum;
the mass ratio of the bacillus licheniformis to the azotobacter to the lactobacillus to the microzyme to the trichoderma harzianum is 2:1:1:1:2;
the bacillus licheniformis has a bacterial content of 1.0X10 9 cfu/g, nitrogen-fixing bacteria with a bacterial content of 9.0X10 8 cfu/g, lactobacillus content of 1.0X10 7 cfu/g, the bacterial content of the saccharomycetes is 2.0X10 8 cfu/g, trichoderma harzianum with a bacterial content of 1.0X10 9 cfu/g；
The preparation method of the fertilizer for preventing and treating peanut root rot comprises the following steps:
(1) Weighing raw materials according to the parts by weight, crushing straws, performing steam explosion treatment, soaking in ammonium bicarbonate solution, and performing microwave treatment to obtain pretreated straws;
(2) Uniformly mixing chicken manure, pig manure, bean dregs, compound microorganisms, humic acid and pretreated straw, adding water until the water content is 40-50%, and piling up for fermentation to obtain a fermentation material;
(3) Crushing the fermentation material, uniformly mixing the crushed fermentation material with bentonite, activated carbon, beet extract and ammonium molybdate, and granulating to obtain the fertilizer for preventing and treating peanut root rot;
the preparation of the beet extract specifically comprises the following steps: crushing beet, extracting with ethanol water solution, rotary evaporating to eliminate solvent and concentrating to relative density of 1.20-1.35 to obtain beet extract.
2. The fertilizer for preventing and treating peanut root rot according to claim 1, wherein the concentration of the ethanol aqueous solution is 50 to 70vol.%.
3. The fertilizer for preventing and treating peanut root rot according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the crushing is performed to 1-2 cm; the temperature of the steam explosion treatment is 140-160 ℃, the pressure is 0.8-1.2 MPa, and the time is 10-15 min.
4. The fertilizer for preventing and treating peanut root rot according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the concentration of the ammonium bicarbonate solution is 3 to 5wt.%; the soaking time is 3-5 d; the power of the microwave treatment is 200-220W, and the time is 10-12 min.
5. The fertilizer for preventing and treating peanut root rot according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the fermentation temperature is 35-40 ℃ and the fermentation time is 30-35 d; and (3) crushing to 0.1-0.3 mm in the step (3).
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