CN115521182A - Fertilizer for preventing and treating peanut root rot and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Fertilizer for preventing and treating peanut root rot and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN115521182A CN115521182A CN202211360229.7A CN202211360229A CN115521182A CN 115521182 A CN115521182 A CN 115521182A CN 202211360229 A CN202211360229 A CN 202211360229A CN 115521182 A CN115521182 A CN 115521182A
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- 235000020232 peanut Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- 235000017060 Arachis glabrata Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
- 235000010777 Arachis hypogaea Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
- 235000018262 Arachis monticola Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 241001553178 Arachis glabrata Species 0.000 title 1
- 244000105624 Arachis hypogaea Species 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 235000016068 Berberis vulgaris Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 241000335053 Beta vulgaris Species 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- APUPEJJSWDHEBO-UHFFFAOYSA-P ammonium molybdate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[O-][Mo]([O-])(=O)=O APUPEJJSWDHEBO-UHFFFAOYSA-P 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229940010552 ammonium molybdate Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 235000018660 ammonium molybdate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000011609 ammonium molybdate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 241000287828 Gallus gallus Species 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000000440 bentonite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229910000278 bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bentoquatam Chemical compound O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- QJZYHAIUNVAGQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-nitrobicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2,3-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound C1C2C=CC1C(C(=O)O)C2(C(O)=O)[N+]([O-])=O QJZYHAIUNVAGQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 244000046052 Phaseolus vulgaris Species 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 235000010627 Phaseolus vulgaris Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000004021 humic acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 claims description 46
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 claims description 46
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 39
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 241000194108 Bacillus licheniformis Species 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 241000223260 Trichoderma harzianum Species 0.000 claims description 15
- 241000589151 Azotobacter Species 0.000 claims description 14
- 241000186660 Lactobacillus Species 0.000 claims description 14
- 229940039696 lactobacillus Drugs 0.000 claims description 14
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- IDGUHHHQCWSQLU-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethanol;hydrate Chemical compound O.CCO IDGUHHHQCWSQLU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- ATRRKUHOCOJYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium bicarbonate Chemical compound [NH4+].OC([O-])=O ATRRKUHOCOJYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910000013 Ammonium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000012538 ammonium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000001099 ammonium carbonate Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 240000004808 Saccharomyces cerevisiae Species 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001580 bacterial effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000013043 chemical agent Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 21
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 11
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 8
- 241000235342 Saccharomycetes Species 0.000 description 7
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 6
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 5
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 5
- UHPMCKVQTMMPCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5,8-dihydroxy-2-methoxy-6-methyl-7-(2-oxopropyl)naphthalene-1,4-dione Chemical compound CC1=C(CC(C)=O)C(O)=C2C(=O)C(OC)=CC(=O)C2=C1O UHPMCKVQTMMPCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 241000223218 Fusarium Species 0.000 description 4
- 244000052616 bacterial pathogen Species 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 208000015181 infectious disease Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000002390 rotary evaporation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 244000063299 Bacillus subtilis Species 0.000 description 3
- 235000014469 Bacillus subtilis Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920005610 lignin Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- TWFZGCMQGLPBSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbendazim Natural products C1=CC=C2NC(NC(=O)OC)=NC2=C1 TWFZGCMQGLPBSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000244206 Nematoda Species 0.000 description 2
- LCTONWCANYUPML-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyruvic acid Chemical compound CC(=O)C(O)=O LCTONWCANYUPML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KKTCWAXMXADOBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N azanium;hydrogen carbonate;hydrate Chemical compound [NH4+].O.OC([O-])=O KKTCWAXMXADOBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000006013 carbendazim Substances 0.000 description 2
- JNPZQRQPIHJYNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbendazim Chemical compound C1=C[CH]C2=NC(NC(=O)OC)=NC2=C1 JNPZQRQPIHJYNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 210000000170 cell membrane Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 230000003000 nontoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- FFSJPOPLSWBGQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N triazol-4-one Chemical compound O=C1C=NN=N1 FFSJPOPLSWBGQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PAWQVTBBRAZDMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-bromo-2-fluorophenyl)acetic acid Chemical group OC(=O)CC1=CC=CC(Br)=C1F PAWQVTBBRAZDMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen sulfide Chemical compound S RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010059866 Drug resistance Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229920002488 Hemicellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 description 1
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IOVCWXUNBOPUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M Nitrite anion Chemical compound [O-]N=O IOVCWXUNBOPUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 241001638069 Rigidoporus microporus Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012670 alkaline solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002538 fungal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000037 hydrogen sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003834 intracellular effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007726 management method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 244000000010 microbial pathogen Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000575 pesticide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000614 poison Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229940107700 pyruvic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000003440 toxic substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004563 wettable powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004383 yellowing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
- C05C3/00—Fertilisers containing other salts of ammonia or ammonia itself, e.g. gas liquor
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/20—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation using specific microorganisms or substances, e.g. enzymes, for activating or stimulating the treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/60—Biocides or preservatives, e.g. disinfectants, pesticides or herbicides; Pest repellants or attractants
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/10—Solid or semi-solid fertilisers, e.g. powders
- C05G5/12—Granules or flakes
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
Abstract
The invention discloses a fertilizer for preventing and treating peanut root rot and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of agricultural fertilizers. The fertilizer for preventing and treating peanut root rot comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 40-60 parts of chicken manure, 50-80 parts of pig manure, 70-90 parts of straw, 10-20 parts of bean dregs, 3-5 parts of compound microorganism, 10-20 parts of humic acid, 5-10 parts of bentonite, 5-10 parts of activated carbon, 1-2 parts of beet extract and 3-5 parts of ammonium molybdate. The fertilizer prepared by the invention is applied before peanut planting, so that the morbidity of peanut root rot can be effectively controlled, and the efficient prevention and control of the peanut root rot are realized under the condition of not using chemical agents.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural fertilizers, in particular to a fertilizer for preventing and treating peanut root rot and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Peanuts are an important oil and economic crop. The root rot of the peanut is developed at the root of the peanut, commonly called as 'rat tail' and root rot disease, is the rot of the root of the peanut caused by the infection of fusarium of deuteromycotina, is a fungal soil-borne disease and is possibly developed in the whole growth period. If the roots of the seeds are infected in the seedling emergence stage of the peanuts, the rotten seeds and rotten buds can be caused; the infection in the seedling stage causes browning of the underground main root of the seedling, dwarfing and yellowing of the plant, and finally withering. Generally, the disease incidence rate is about 10-30%, infected plants wither and die often for 3-4 days, the problems of seedling shortage and ridge breaking are caused, the yield is seriously influenced, and the development of the peanut industry is restricted.
The method for preventing and treating peanut root rot at present mainly depends on chemical agents, such as 40% triazolone and carbendazim wettable powder for seed dressing, and after seedling completion, the test is strengthened, and the disease plants are found to be sprayed or irrigated immediately (Tiandaofuling, triazolone and carbendazim) to block central disease plants. But the long-term use of chemical agents is easy to generate the problems of drug resistance, environmental pollution and the like. How to find a control method which is non-toxic to soil and crops becomes a technical problem which needs to be solved urgently by technical personnel in the field.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a fertilizer for preventing and treating peanut root rot and a preparation method thereof, which are used for solving the problems in the prior art.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following scheme:
one of the technical schemes of the invention is as follows: the fertilizer for preventing and treating peanut root rot comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 40-60 parts of chicken manure, 50-80 parts of pig manure, 70-90 parts of straw, 10-20 parts of bean dregs, 3-5 parts of compound microorganism, 10-20 parts of humic acid, 5-10 parts of bentonite, 5-10 parts of activated carbon, 1-2 parts of beet extract and 3-5 parts of ammonium molybdate.
Molybdenum element in ammonium molybdate can inhibit the growth of fusarium hyphae, destroy the structure of the cell membrane of the hyphae, increase the permeability of the cell membrane, promote the exosmosis of intracellular electrolyte, cause the outflow of soluble sugar, soluble protein and pyruvic acid in the hyphae cells, and further inhibit the normal growth of the hyphae.
The bentonite can effectively improve soil, relieve soil hardening, degrade residual pesticides and harmful substances in the soil and balance the pH value of the soil.
Further, the compound microorganism comprises bacillus licheniformis, azotobacter, lactobacillus, saccharomycetes and trichoderma harzianum.
Bacillus licheniformis can produce active substance for inhibiting growth and reproduction of pathogenic bacteria.
The azotobacter, the lactobacillus and the microzyme can effectively inhibit the propagation of pathogenic microorganisms in the soil and effectively prevent fusarium from infecting plants.
The saccharomycetes and the bacillus licheniformis can decompose harmful substances such as hydrogen sulfide and nitrite in the excrement, kill grass seeds in the excrement and reduce the content of the harmful substances such as pathogenic bacteria.
The trichoderma harzianum is fused with the organic fertilizer, so that the soil aggregate structure can be improved, the soil hardening degree is relieved, toxic substances in soil are eliminated, the growth activity of organic matters in the soil is accelerated, and the moisture and the air in the soil are increased and maintained.
Further, the mass ratio of the bacillus licheniformis, the azotobacter, the lactobacillus, the yeast and the trichoderma harzianum is (2).
Further, the bacteria content of the bacillus licheniformis is 1.0 multiplied by 10 9 cfu/g, the bacteria content of azotobacter is 9.0 multiplied by 10 8 cfu/g, the content of lactobacillus is 1.0 × 10 7 cfu/g, the bacteria content of yeast is 2.0 × 10 8 cfu/g, the content of Trichoderma harzianum is 1.0X 10 9 cfu/g。
Further, the preparation of the beet extract specifically comprises: crushing beet, extracting with ethanol water solution, rotary evaporating to remove solvent, and concentrating to relative density of 1.20-1.35 to obtain beet extract.
The beet extract can effectively inhibit the growth and reproduction of nematodes in soil, prevent the nematodes from damaging the root of the peanut and further accelerate the infection of fusarium.
Further, the concentration of the ethanol aqueous solution is 50-70 vol.%.
The second technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the preparation method of the fertilizer for preventing and treating peanut root rot comprises the following steps:
(1) Weighing raw materials according to the parts by weight, crushing the straws, carrying out steam flash explosion treatment, soaking the straws in an ammonium bicarbonate solution, and then carrying out microwave treatment to obtain pretreated straws;
the steam flash explosion treatment mainly utilizes high-temperature and high-pressure steam to treat the fiber raw material, and realizes the separation and structural change of the components of the raw material through an instant pressure release process. Cellulose in the straws is bonded by lignin, under the action of high-temperature and high-pressure steam, the crystallinity of the cellulose is improved, the degree of polymerization is reduced, hemicellulose is partially degraded, the lignin is softened, the transverse connection strength is reduced, even the cellulose is softened and plastic, when the material filled with the pressure steam is suddenly decompressed, water vapor in pores is rapidly expanded to generate an explosion effect, the lignin can be partially stripped, the raw material is torn into fine fibers, the fine fibers are soaked in an alkaline solution (ammonium bicarbonate solution) for ammoniation treatment, and then the raw material is placed in a microwave environment for radiation treatment, so that the characteristic of smooth surfaces of the straws can be enhanced, the straws are softened and protruded, and the attachment of microorganisms is facilitated.
(2) Uniformly mixing chicken manure, pig manure, bean dregs, compound microorganisms, humic acid and pretreated straws, adding water until the water content is 40-50%, and stacking and fermenting to obtain a fermented material;
(3) And crushing the fermentation material, uniformly mixing the crushed fermentation material with bentonite, activated carbon, a beet extract and ammonium molybdate, and granulating to obtain the fertilizer for preventing and treating the peanut root rot.
Further, in the step (1), the powder is crushed to 1-2 cm; the temperature of the steam flash explosion treatment is 140-160 ℃, the pressure is 0.8-1.2 MPa, and the time is 10-15 min.
Further, in the step (1), the concentration of the ammonium bicarbonate solution is 3-5 wt.%; the soaking time is 3-5 days; the power of the microwave treatment is 200-220W, and the time is 10-12 min.
Further, in the step (2), the fermentation temperature is 35-40 ℃ and the fermentation time is 30-35 d; and (3) crushing to 0.1-0.3 mm.
The invention discloses the following technical effects:
the fertilizer for preventing and treating the peanut root rot can effectively kill pathogenic bacteria and insect pests causing the root rot in soil, and can be applied to areas with serious peanut root rot, so that the incidence rate of the root rot can be obviously reduced, and the peanut yield can be increased; the fertilizer prepared by the invention is applied to soil, so that the functional diversity of soil microbial communities can be improved, and the soil can keep healthy microbial ecological balance; the fertilizer prepared by the invention is non-toxic to soil and crops.
The fertilizer for preventing and treating peanut root rot can effectively increase the content of organic matters in soil, promote the decomposition of the organic matters, improve the soil, relieve the hardening of the soil, balance the pH value of the soil and further reduce the occurrence and infection probability of pathogenic bacteria.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to various exemplary embodiments of the invention, the detailed description should not be construed as limiting the invention but as a more detailed description of certain aspects, features and embodiments of the invention.
It is to be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. In addition, for numerical ranges in the present disclosure, it is understood that each intervening value, to the upper and lower limit of that range, is also specifically disclosed. Every smaller range between any stated value or intervening value in a stated range and any other stated or intervening value in a stated range is encompassed within the invention. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges may independently be included or excluded in the range.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. Although only preferred methods and materials are described herein, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can be used in the practice or testing of the present invention. All documents mentioned in this specification are incorporated by reference herein for the purpose of disclosing and describing the methods and/or materials associated with the documents. In case of conflict with any incorporated document, the present specification will control.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made in the specific embodiments of the present disclosure without departing from the scope or spirit of the disclosure. Other embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the specification. The specification and examples are exemplary only.
As used herein, the terms "comprising," "including," "having," "containing," and the like are open-ended terms that mean including, but not limited to.
The "parts" described in the following examples are all "parts by mass".
Bacillus licheniformis, azotobacter, lactobacillus, yeast, trichoderma harzianum and Bacillus subtilis adopted in the following examples and comparative examples of the invention are all commercially available.
The content of Bacillus licheniformis is 1.0 × 10 9 cfu/g, the bacteria content of azotobacter is 9.0X 10 8 cfu/g, the content of lactobacillus is 1.0 × 10 7 cfu/g, the bacteria content of yeast is 2.0 × 10 8 cfu/g, the content of Trichoderma harzianum is 1.0X 10 9 cfu/g, the bacteria content of the bacillus subtilis is 1.0 multiplied by 10 9 cfu/g。
The water content of the chicken manure is 15-20 wt.%, and the water content of the pig manure is 20-25 wt.% in the following examples and comparative examples.
Example 1
A preparation method of a fertilizer for preventing and treating peanut root rot comprises the following steps:
the fertilizer for preventing and treating peanut root rot is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 55 parts of chicken manure (with the water content of 18 wt.%), 60 parts of pig manure (with the water content of 22 wt.%), 80 parts of straw, 15 parts of bean dregs, 4 parts of compound microorganism, 20 parts of humic acid, 8 parts of bentonite, 5 parts of activated carbon, 2 parts of beet extract and 4 parts of ammonium molybdate.
The composite microorganism consists of bacillus licheniformis, azotobacter, lactobacillus, saccharomycete and trichoderma harzianum in a mass ratio of 2.
Preparation of beet extract: pulverizing beet, decocting with 60vol.% ethanol water solution (weight/volume ratio of beet and ethanol water solution is 1:3, extraction temperature is 50 deg.C), removing ethanol by rotary evaporation, and concentrating to relative density of 1.30 to obtain beet extract.
The preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) Weighing the raw materials according to the parts by weight, crushing the straws to the length of about 1cm, then carrying out steam explosion treatment for 12min under the conditions that the temperature is 160 ℃ and the pressure is 1MPa, soaking the obtained straws in 3wt.% ammonium bicarbonate water solution for 4d, and then carrying out 10min microwave treatment on the straws under the set microwave power of 200W to obtain the pretreated straws.
(2) Uniformly mixing chicken manure, pig manure, bean dregs, compound microorganisms, humic acid and pretreated straws, adding water until the water content is about 45%, stacking fermentation piles with the length of 5m, the width of 2.5m and the height of 1m, and controlling the fermentation temperature to be 35-40 ℃ for fermentation for 35d (1 pile turning every 7d during the fermentation period), thereby obtaining the fermentation material.
(3) Crushing the fermentation material to the particle size of 0.1mm, then uniformly mixing the fermentation material with bentonite, activated carbon, beet extract and ammonium molybdate, adding water until the water content is about 18%, and granulating (the particle size is 2 mm) to obtain the fertilizer for preventing and treating peanut root rot.
Example 2
A preparation method of a fertilizer for preventing and treating peanut root rot comprises the following steps:
the fertilizer for preventing and treating peanut root rot is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 40 parts of chicken manure (with the water content of 18 wt.%), 50 parts of pig manure (with the water content of 22 wt.%), 90 parts of straws, 20 parts of bean dregs, 3 parts of compound microorganisms, 10 parts of humic acid, 5 parts of bentonite, 8 parts of activated carbon, 1 part of beet extract and 3 parts of ammonium molybdate.
The composite microorganism consists of bacillus licheniformis, azotobacter, lactobacillus, saccharomycete and trichoderma harzianum in a mass ratio of 2.
Preparation of beet extract: pulverizing beet, decocting with 50vol.% ethanol water solution (weight/volume ratio of beet and ethanol water solution is 1:3, extraction temperature is 50 deg.C), removing ethanol by rotary evaporation, and concentrating to relative density of 1.25 to obtain beet extract.
The preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) Weighing the raw materials according to the parts by weight, crushing the straws to the length of about 2cm, then carrying out steam flash explosion treatment for 15min under the conditions that the temperature is 140 ℃ and the pressure is 0.8MPa, soaking the obtained straws in 3.5wt.% ammonium bicarbonate aqueous solution for 5d, and then setting the microwave power to 210W to carry out microwave treatment on the straws for 12min to obtain the pretreated straws.
(2) Uniformly mixing chicken manure, pig manure, bean dregs, compound microorganisms, humic acid and pretreated straws, adding water until the water content is about 40%, stacking fermentation piles with the length of 5m, the width of 2.5m and the height of 1m, and fermenting for 32d (turning every 8d for 1 time during fermentation) at the fermentation temperature of 35-40 ℃ to obtain the fermentation material.
(3) Crushing the fermentation material to the particle size of 0.2mm, then uniformly mixing the fermentation material with bentonite, activated carbon, beet extract and ammonium molybdate, adding water until the water content is about 18%, and granulating (the particle size is 2 mm) to obtain the fertilizer for preventing and treating peanut root rot.
Example 3
A preparation method of a fertilizer for preventing and treating peanut root rot comprises the following steps:
the fertilizer for preventing and treating peanut root rot is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 60 parts of chicken manure (with the water content of 15 wt.%), 80 parts of pig manure (with the water content of 22 wt.%), 70 parts of straw, 15 parts of bean dregs, 5 parts of compound microorganism, 18 parts of humic acid, 8 parts of bentonite, 10 parts of activated carbon, 2 parts of beet extract and 5 parts of ammonium molybdate.
The composite microorganism consists of bacillus licheniformis, azotobacter, lactobacillus, saccharomycete and trichoderma harzianum in a mass ratio of 2.
Preparation of beet extract: pulverizing beet, decocting with 55vol.% ethanol water solution (weight/volume ratio of beet and ethanol water solution is 1:3, extraction temperature is 50 deg.C), removing ethanol by rotary evaporation, and concentrating to relative density of 1.20 to obtain beet extract.
The preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) Weighing the raw materials according to the parts by weight, crushing the straws to the length of about 1cm, then carrying out steam flash explosion treatment for 10min under the conditions that the temperature is 155 ℃ and the pressure is 1.2MPa, soaking the obtained straws in 4wt.% ammonium bicarbonate aqueous solution for 3d, and then carrying out microwave treatment on the straws for 11min by setting the microwave power to 200W to obtain the pretreated straws.
(2) Uniformly mixing chicken manure, pig manure, bean dregs, compound microorganisms, humic acid and pretreated straws, adding water until the water content is about 45%, stacking fermentation piles with the length of 5m, the width of 2.5m and the height of 1m, and fermenting for 30d (turning every 6d for 1 time during fermentation) at the fermentation temperature of 35-40 ℃ to obtain the fermentation material.
(3) Crushing the fermentation material to the grain size of 0.3mm, then uniformly mixing the fermentation material with bentonite, activated carbon, beet extract and ammonium molybdate, adding water until the water content is about 18%, and granulating (the grain size is 2 mm) to obtain the fertilizer for preventing and treating peanut root rot.
Example 4
A preparation method of a fertilizer for preventing and treating peanut root rot comprises the following steps:
the fertilizer for preventing and treating peanut root rot is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 55 parts of chicken manure (with the water content of 20 wt.%), 75 parts of pig manure (with the water content of 21 wt.%), 90 parts of straws, 20 parts of bean dregs, 3 parts of compound microorganisms, 20 parts of humic acid, 10 parts of bentonite, 5 parts of activated carbon, 1 part of beet extract and 4 parts of ammonium molybdate.
The composite microorganism consists of bacillus licheniformis, azotobacter, lactobacillus, saccharomycete and trichoderma harzianum in a mass ratio of 2.
Preparation of beet extract: pulverizing beet, decocting with 70vol.% ethanol water solution (weight/volume ratio of beet and ethanol water solution is 1:3, extraction temperature is 50 deg.C), removing ethanol by rotary evaporation, and concentrating to relative density of 1.35 to obtain beet extract.
The preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) Weighing raw materials according to parts by weight, crushing the straws into the length of about 2cm, then carrying out steam flash explosion treatment for 13min under the conditions that the temperature is 145 ℃ and the pressure is 1.1MPa, soaking the obtained straws in 5wt.% ammonium bicarbonate water solution for 5d, and then setting the microwave power to be 220W to carry out 10min microwave treatment on the straws to obtain the pretreated straws.
(2) Uniformly mixing chicken manure, pig manure, bean dregs, compound microorganisms, humic acid and pretreated straws, adding water until the water content is about 50%, stacking fermentation piles with the length of 5m, the width of 2.5m and the height of 1m, and fermenting for 35d (turning every 7d for 1 time during fermentation) at the fermentation temperature of 35-40 ℃ to obtain the fermentation material.
(3) Crushing the fermentation material to the particle size of 0.1mm, then uniformly mixing the fermentation material with bentonite, activated carbon, beet extract and ammonium molybdate, adding water until the water content is about 18%, and granulating (the particle size is 2 mm) to obtain the fertilizer for preventing and treating peanut root rot.
Comparative example 1
The difference from example 1 is that ammonium molybdate was replaced with ammonium nitrate.
Comparative example 2
The difference from example 1 is that the material does not contain beet extract.
Comparative example 3
The difference from example 1 is that Bacillus licheniformis was replaced by Bacillus subtilis.
Comparative example 4
The method is similar to example 1, and is characterized in that the composite microorganism consists of bacillus licheniformis, azotobacter, lactobacillus, saccharomycete and trichoderma harzianum in a mass ratio of 1.
Comparative example 5
The difference from example 1 is that Trichoderma harzianum was replaced with Bacillus licheniformis.
Comparative example 6
The difference from example 1 is that the preparation process is as follows:
(1) Weighing the raw materials according to the parts by weight, crushing the straws to the length of about 1cm, and then carrying out steam explosion treatment for 12min under the conditions that the temperature is 160 ℃ and the pressure is 1MPa to obtain the pretreated straws.
(2) Uniformly mixing chicken manure, pig manure, bean dregs, compound microorganisms, humic acid and pretreated straws, adding water until the water content is about 45%, stacking fermentation piles with the length of 5m, the width of 2.5m and the height of 1m, and fermenting for 35d (turning every 7d for 1 time during fermentation) at the fermentation temperature of 35-40 ℃ to obtain the fermentation material.
(3) Crushing the fermentation material to the grain size of 0.1mm, then uniformly mixing the fermentation material with bentonite, activated carbon, beet extract and ammonium molybdate, adding water until the water content is about 18%, and granulating (the grain size is 2 mm) to obtain the fertilizer for preventing and treating peanut root rot.
Comparative example 7
The difference from example 1 is that the preparation method is as follows:
the preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) Weighing the raw materials according to the parts by weight, crushing the straws to the length of about 1cm, soaking the straws in 3wt.% ammonium bicarbonate aqueous solution for 4d, and then setting the microwave power to 200W to perform microwave treatment on the straws for 10min to obtain the pretreated straws.
(2) Uniformly mixing chicken manure, pig manure, bean dregs, compound microorganisms, humic acid and pretreated straws, adding water until the water content is about 45%, stacking fermentation piles with the length of 5m, the width of 2.5m and the height of 1m, and controlling the fermentation temperature to be 35-40 ℃ for fermentation for 35d (1 pile turning every 7d during the fermentation period), thereby obtaining the fermentation material.
(3) Crushing the fermentation material to the particle size of 0.1mm, then uniformly mixing the fermentation material with bentonite, activated carbon, beet extract and ammonium molybdate, adding water until the water content is about 18%, and granulating (the particle size is 2 mm) to obtain the fertilizer for preventing and treating peanut root rot.
Effect example 1
When peanuts are planted, the fertilizers prepared in the embodiment and the comparative example are applied to soil of a planting field together with a base fertilizer, the using amount is 30 kg/mu, ridge-planting and seeding are carried out, the seeding density is 8000 plants per mu, root rot prevention is not carried out after seeding, and the rest management methods during peanut planting are carried out according to a conventional method; the control group was not applied with the fertilizer prepared in the examples of the present invention and the comparative example.
After 1 month of peanut (Weihua 8 type) planting, a Z-shaped five-point sampling method is adopted to investigate the occurrence of root rot and calculate the incidence; in the full fruit and mature period, a Z-shaped five-point sampling method is adopted to investigate the occurrence situation of root rot and calculate the incidence rate; after the peanuts are received, the peanut yield (dry fruits) is counted, and the results are shown in table 1.
The formula for calculating the incidence of root rot is as follows: disease incidence = (number of infected strains/total number of investigated strains) × 100%.
TABLE 1
As can be seen from the table 1, the fertilizer prepared by the method can be applied only once before planting, so that the incidence rate of peanut root rot can be effectively controlled, the fertilizing cost can be saved, the fertilizing frequency can be reduced, and the efficient prevention and control of the peanut root rot can be realized under the condition of not using chemical agents.
The above-described embodiments are merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and do not limit the scope of the present invention, and various modifications and improvements of the technical solutions of the present invention can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and the technical solutions of the present invention are within the scope of the present invention defined by the claims.
Claims (10)
1. The fertilizer for preventing and treating peanut root rot is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 40-60 parts of chicken manure, 50-80 parts of pig manure, 70-90 parts of straw, 10-20 parts of bean dregs, 3-5 parts of compound microorganism, 10-20 parts of humic acid, 5-10 parts of bentonite, 5-10 parts of activated carbon, 1-2 parts of beet extract and 3-5 parts of ammonium molybdate.
2. The fertilizer for controlling peanut root rot of claim 1, wherein the complex microorganisms comprise bacillus licheniformis, azotobacter, lactobacillus, yeast, trichoderma harzianum.
3. The fertilizer for preventing and treating peanut root rot according to claim 2, wherein the mass ratio of bacillus licheniformis, azotobacter, lactobacillus, yeast and trichoderma harzianum is 2.
4. The fertilizer for preventing and treating peanut root rot according to claim 2, wherein the bacillus licheniformis has a bacterial content of 1.0 x 10 9 cfu/g, the bacteria content of azotobacter is 9.0 multiplied by 10 8 cfu/g, the content of lactobacillus is 1.0 × 10 7 cfu/g, the bacteria content of yeast is 2.0 × 10 8 cfu/g, the content of Trichoderma harzianum is 1.0X 10 9 cfu/g。
5. The fertilizer for preventing and treating peanut root rot according to claim 1, wherein the preparation of the beet extract specifically comprises: crushing beet, extracting with ethanol water solution, rotary evaporating to remove solvent, and concentrating to relative density of 1.20-1.35 to obtain the beet extract.
6. The fertilizer for preventing and treating peanut root rot according to claim 5, wherein the concentration of the ethanol aqueous solution is 50-70 vol.%.
7. A preparation method of the fertilizer for preventing and treating peanut root rot as defined in any one of claims 1-6, characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) Weighing raw materials according to the parts by weight, crushing the straws, carrying out steam flash explosion treatment, soaking the straws in an ammonium bicarbonate solution, and then carrying out microwave treatment to obtain pretreated straws;
(2) Uniformly mixing chicken manure, pig manure, bean dregs, compound microorganisms, humic acid and pretreated straws, adding water until the water content is 40-50%, and stacking and fermenting to obtain a fermented material;
(3) And crushing the fermentation material, uniformly mixing the crushed fermentation material with bentonite, activated carbon, a beet extract and ammonium molybdate, and granulating to obtain the fertilizer for preventing and treating the peanut root rot.
8. The preparation method of the fertilizer for preventing and treating peanut root rot according to claim 7, characterized in that in the step (1), the raw materials are crushed to 1-2 cm; the temperature of the steam flash explosion treatment is 140-160 ℃, the pressure is 0.8-1.2 MPa, and the time is 10-15 min.
9. The method for preparing fertilizer for preventing and controlling peanut root rot according to claim 7, characterized in that in the step (1), the concentration of the ammonium bicarbonate solution is 3-5 wt.%; the soaking time is 3-5 days; the power of the microwave treatment is 200-220W, and the time is 10-12 min.
10. The preparation method of the fertilizer for preventing and treating peanut root rot according to claim 7, characterized in that in the step (2), the fermentation temperature is 35-40 ℃ and the fermentation time is 30-35 d; and (3) crushing to 0.1-0.3 mm.
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