CN115518684A - 含双吲哚季铵盐催化剂用于制备五元环碳酸酯的应用 - Google Patents
含双吲哚季铵盐催化剂用于制备五元环碳酸酯的应用 Download PDFInfo
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- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 58
- 150000003242 quaternary ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 150000005676 cyclic carbonates Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229940107816 ammonium iodide Drugs 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000003258 trimethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:2])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[*:1] 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000000816 ethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- PQXKWPLDPFFDJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-dimethyloxirane Chemical compound CC1OC1C PQXKWPLDPFFDJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- SHKUUQIDMUMQQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[4-(oxiran-2-ylmethoxy)butoxymethyl]oxirane Chemical compound C1OC1COCCCCOCC1CO1 SHKUUQIDMUMQQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- MRXPNWXSFCODDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyl-2-phenyloxirane Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C1(C)CO1 MRXPNWXSFCODDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- BRLQWZUYTZBJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Epichlorohydrin Chemical compound ClCC1CO1 BRLQWZUYTZBJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical compound C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene oxide Chemical compound CC1CO1 GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- -1 pentane-1, 5-diyl Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000012424 soybean oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003549 soybean oil Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine Chemical compound FF PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000001147 pentyl group Chemical group C(CCCC)* 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims 6
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical compound [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011630 iodine Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 125000001041 indolyl group Chemical group 0.000 abstract description 2
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 16
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 8
- JCXJVPUVTGWSNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen dioxide Inorganic materials O=[N]=O JCXJVPUVTGWSNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000003321 amplification Effects 0.000 description 2
- AMXOYNBUYSYVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium bromide Chemical compound [Li+].[Br-] AMXOYNBUYSYVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 238000003199 nucleic acid amplification method Methods 0.000 description 2
- VEUMANXWQDHAJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2-[(2-hydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]ethyliminomethyl]phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1C=NCCN=CC1=CC=CC=C1O VEUMANXWQDHAJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007126 N-alkylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001508 alkali metal halide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000008045 alkali metal halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940054051 antipsychotic indole derivative Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004696 coordination complex Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000005431 greenhouse gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002475 indoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000543 intermediate Substances 0.000 description 1
- PNDPGZBMCMUPRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N iodine Chemical compound II PNDPGZBMCMUPRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002608 ionic liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000000740 n-pentyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 231100000956 nontoxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 150000004714 phosphonium salts Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000002798 polar solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- JRMUNVKIHCOMHV-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetrabutylammonium bromide Chemical compound [Br-].CCCC[N+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC JRMUNVKIHCOMHV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D209/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings, condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
- C07D209/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings, condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom condensed with one carbocyclic ring
- C07D209/04—Indoles; Hydrogenated indoles
- C07D209/08—Indoles; Hydrogenated indoles with only hydrogen atoms or radicals containing only hydrogen and carbon atoms, directly attached to carbon atoms of the hetero ring
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/02—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides
- B01J31/0234—Nitrogen-, phosphorus-, arsenic- or antimony-containing compounds
- B01J31/0235—Nitrogen containing compounds
- B01J31/0244—Nitrogen containing compounds with nitrogen contained as ring member in aromatic compounds or moieties, e.g. pyridine
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D317/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having two oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- C07D317/08—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having two oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms having the hetero atoms in positions 1 and 3
- C07D317/10—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having two oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms having the hetero atoms in positions 1 and 3 not condensed with other rings
- C07D317/32—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having two oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms having the hetero atoms in positions 1 and 3 not condensed with other rings with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D317/34—Oxygen atoms
- C07D317/36—Alkylene carbonates; Substituted alkylene carbonates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D317/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having two oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- C07D317/08—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having two oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms having the hetero atoms in positions 1 and 3
- C07D317/10—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having two oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms having the hetero atoms in positions 1 and 3 not condensed with other rings
- C07D317/32—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having two oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms having the hetero atoms in positions 1 and 3 not condensed with other rings with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D317/34—Oxygen atoms
- C07D317/36—Alkylene carbonates; Substituted alkylene carbonates
- C07D317/38—Ethylene carbonate
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Low-Molecular Organic Synthesis Reactions Using Catalysts (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
- Indole Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
本发明涉及一种含双吲哚季铵盐催化剂用于制备五元环碳酸酯的应用,在含双吲哚季铵盐催化剂为单一催化剂的条件下,二氧化碳与环氧化合物反应制备得到五元环碳酸酯;所述含双吲哚季铵盐催化剂的结构中双吲哚季铵盐结构处在催化剂末端,中间含有烷基链烃结构连接催化剂吲哚环上氮原子。利用本发明催化制备五元环碳酸酯,不需要添加其他的助催化剂,具有高效低廉、易分离、催化剂原料易得、制备方法简单、催化效率高等优点。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于催化剂应用技术领域,具体地说是涉及一种含双吲哚季铵盐催化剂用于制备五元环碳酸酯的应用。
背景技术
CO2是引起全球温度上升的主要温室气体之一。同时,CO2也是比较丰富的碳资源,具有储量大、安全无毒和价廉易得等优点。因此,CO2资源利用具有重大的经济和环境意义。一直以来,许多研究者都在为CO2的资源化利用而进行不懈努力。根据现有的技术来看,CO2与环氧化合物出发合成环状碳酸酯(如Scheme 1所示)是目前CO2资源化利用最典型的成功事例之一。环状碳酸酯是重要的工业原料,可用作电池电解液、极性溶剂和化工中间体等。
通常CO2与环氧化合物合成五元环碳酸酯报导的催化剂主要有:碱金属与碱金属卤化物催化剂,如LiBr(Tetrahedron,2005,61,1835);季铵盐与季磷盐催化剂,如熔融的四丁基溴化铵(Organic Letters,2002,4(15):2561-2563.);离子液体催化剂,如1-烷基-3-甲基咪唑盐([Cn-min]X)(Chemical Communications,2003,39(7):896-897.);金属配合物催化剂,如Salen配体(Journal of American Chemical Society,2001,123(46):11498-11499.)等类型。尽管以上的催化剂呈现了较优的催化活性,但也存在一些问题。一方面以上催化剂需要添加其他助催化剂参与反应,另一方面在放大制备的过程中仍存在着合成成本较高,工艺较为复杂,放大催化效率不高的等情况出现,严重制约着产业化的进程,因此选择无溶剂、高效低廉的催化剂新型的催化剂与反应体系显得尤为重要。
发明内容
为了克服现有技术存在的不足,本发明提供了一种高效低廉、无需添加其他助催化剂的含双吲哚季铵盐催化剂用于制备五元环碳酸酯的应用。
为实现上述目的,本发明采用的技术方案为:
一种含双吲哚季铵盐催化剂用于制备五元环碳酸酯的应用,在含双吲哚季铵盐催化剂为单一催化剂的条件下,二氧化碳与环氧化合物反应制备得到五元环碳酸酯。
作为优选,所述含双吲哚季铵盐催化剂的结构中双吲哚季铵盐结构处在催化剂末端,中间含有烷基链烃结构连接催化剂吲哚环上氮原子;
所述含双吲哚季铵盐催化剂的结构式如(I)所示:
其中R1、R2为CH3、CH3CH2、CH3CH2CH2、(CH3)2CH、CH3CH2CH2CH2、(CH3)3C基团中的一种,R1、R2可为相同基团也可为不同基团;n表示相同单元碳的个数,n=1~12;X1、X2分别表示氟、氯、溴、碘中的一种,X1、X2可为相同基团也可为不同基团。
上述催化剂由两端位卤素烷基与吲哚反应生成中链烃带有端位有两吲哚基团的化合物,再与卤代烃进一步反应生成含双吲哚季铵盐催化剂,参考文献(2种吲哚衍生物的N-烷基化产物的制备,应用化学,2011,28(3),263-266)报道的方法制备或采用类似的方法制备。
作为优选,催化剂的用量为环氧化合物质量的0.01~10%。
作为优选,反应温度为60~200℃,反应压力为1~30MPa,反应时间1~72h。
作为优选,催化剂的用量为环氧化合物质量的0.5~2%。
作为优选,反应温度100~150℃,反应压力为10~20MPa,反应时间6~10h。
作为优选,所述催化剂为1,1'-(乙烷-1,2-二基)双(1-甲基-1H-吲哚-1-溴化季铵盐)、1,1'-(丙烷-1,3-二基)双(1-乙基-1H-吲哚-1-氯化季铵盐)、1-乙基-1-(3-(1-甲基-1H-吲哚-1-溴化季铵盐-1-基)丙基)-1H-吲哚-1-氯化季铵盐、1,1'-(戊烷-1,5-二基)双(1-甲基-1H-吲哚-1-碘化季铵盐)、1-丁基-1-(5-(1-甲基-1H-吲哚-1-季铵盐-1-基)戊基)-1H-吲哚-1-碘化季铵盐中的一种。
作为优选,所述环氧化合物为环氧乙烷、环氧丙烷、环氧氯丙烷、二-4-环氧环己烷、2,3-环氧丁烷、2-苯基环氧丙烷、环氧大豆油、1,4-丁二醇二缩水甘油醚中的一种。
相对于现有技术,本发明的有益效果在于:
利用本发明催化制备五元环碳酸酯,不需要添加其他的助催化剂,具有高效低廉、易分离、催化剂原料易得、制备方法简单、催化效率高等优点。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明作进一步说明,但本发明所要保护的范围并不限于此。本领域的普通技术人员可以且应当知晓任何基于本发明实质精神的简单变化或者替换均应属于本发明所要求的保护范围。
实施例1
将0.1g催化剂1,1'-(乙烷-1,2-二基)双(1-甲基-1H-吲哚-1-溴化季铵盐)放入不锈钢高压反应釜中,用氮气/二氧化碳来回置换三次,再将环氧丙烷20g加入至反应釜中,体系压力维持在10MPa,开启搅拌。将反应釜温度升至120℃,并保持搅拌8h,停止反应,冷却至室温。收集到产物17.26g,收率98.2%,纯度99.2%。
实施例2
将0.5g催化剂1,1'-(丙烷-1,3-二基)双(1-乙基-1H-吲哚-1-氯化季铵盐)放入不锈钢高压反应釜中,用氮气/二氧化碳来回置换三次,再将环氧氯丙烷100g加入至反应釜中,体系压力维持在10MPa,开启搅拌。将反应釜温度升至120℃,并保持搅拌8h,停止反应,冷却至室温。收集到产物15.3g,收率98.1%,纯度98.7%。
实施例3
将0.1g催化剂1-乙基-1-(3-(1-甲基-1H-吲哚-1-溴化季铵盐-1-基)丙基)-1H-吲哚-1-氯化季铵盐放入不锈钢高压反应釜中,用氮气/二氧化碳来回置换三次,再将二-4-环氧环己烷100g加入至反应釜中,体系压力维持在20MPa,开启搅拌。将反应釜温度升至100℃,并保持搅拌9h,停止反应,冷却至室温。收集到产物142.7g,收率98.5%,纯度99.1%。
实施例4
将1.0g催化剂1,1'-(戊烷-1,5-二基)双(1-甲基-1H-吲哚-1-碘化季铵盐)放入不锈钢高压反应釜中,用氮气/二氧化碳来回置换三次,再将2,3-环氧丁烷100g加入至反应釜中,体系压力维持在15MPa,开启搅拌。将反应釜温度升至150℃,并保持搅拌6h,停止反应,冷却至室温。收集到产物159.6g,收率99.1%,纯度99.2%。
实施例5
将2.0g催化剂1-丁基-1-(5-(1-甲基-1H-吲哚-1-季铵盐-1-基)戊基)-1H-吲哚-1-碘化季铵盐放入不锈钢高压反应釜中,用氮气/二氧化碳来回置换三次,再将2-苯基环氧丙烷100g加入至反应釜中,体系压力维持在13MPa,开启搅拌。将反应釜温度升至110℃,并保持搅拌10h,停止反应,冷却至室温。收集到产物130.8g,收率98.5%,纯度99.1%。
实施例6
将0.3g催化剂1,1'-(乙烷-1,2-二基)双(1-甲基-1H-吲哚-1-溴化季铵盐)放入不锈钢高压反应釜中,用氮气/二氧化碳来回置换三次,再将环氧大豆油100g加入至反应釜中,体系压力维持在3MPa,开启搅拌。将反应釜温度升至120℃,并保持搅拌6h,停止反应,冷却至室温。收集到产物116.61g,收率98.7%,纯度99.0%。
实施例7
将0.1g催化剂1,1'-(丙烷-1,3-二基)双(1-乙基-1H-吲哚-1-氯化季铵盐)放入不锈钢高压反应釜中,用氮气/二氧化碳来回置换三次,再将1,4-丁二醇二缩水甘油醚100g加入至反应釜中,体系压力维持在2MPa,开启搅拌。将反应釜温度升至100℃,并保持搅拌5h,停止反应,冷却至室温。收集到产物142.42g,收率99.3%,纯度98.9%。
实施例8
将0.2g催化剂1,1'-(丙烷-1,3-二基)双(1-乙基-1H-吲哚-1-氯化季铵盐)放入不锈钢高压反应釜中,用氮气/二氧化碳来回置换三次,再将环氧乙烷100g加入至反应釜中,体系压力维持在1MPa,开启搅拌。将反应釜温度升至90℃,并保持搅拌6h,停止反应,冷却至室温。收集到产物197.9g,收率99.0%,纯度99.1%。
最后所应说明的是:以上实施例仅用以说明而非限制本发明的技术方案,尽管参照上述实施例对本发明进行了详细说明,本领域的普通技术人员应当理解:依然可以对本发明进行修改或者等同替换,而不脱离本发明的精神和范围的任何修改或局部替换,其均应涵盖在本发明的权利要求范围当中。
Claims (8)
1.一种含双吲哚季铵盐催化剂用于制备五元环碳酸酯的应用,其特征在于:在含双吲哚季铵盐催化剂为单一催化剂的条件下,二氧化碳与环氧化合物反应制备得到五元环碳酸酯。
3.根据权利要求2所述含双吲哚季铵盐催化剂用于制备五元环碳酸酯的应用,其特征在于:催化剂的用量为环氧化合物质量的0.01~10%。
4.根据权利要求3所述含双吲哚季铵盐催化剂用于制备五元环碳酸酯的应用,其特征在于:反应温度为60~200℃,反应压力为1~30MPa,反应时间1~72h。
5.根据权利要求3所述含双吲哚季铵盐催化剂用于制备五元环碳酸酯的应用,其特征在于:催化剂的用量为环氧化合物质量的0.5~2%。
6.根据权利要求5所述含双吲哚季铵盐催化剂用于制备五元环碳酸酯的应用,其特征在于:反应温度100~150℃,反应压力为10~20MPa,反应时间6~10h。
7.根据权利要求2所述含双吲哚季铵盐催化剂用于制备五元环碳酸酯的应用,其特征在于:所述催化剂为1,1'-(乙烷-1,2-二基)双(1-甲基-1H-吲哚-1-溴化季铵盐)、1,1'-(丙烷-1,3-二基)双(1-乙基-1H-吲哚-1-氯化季铵盐)、1-乙基-1-(3-(1-甲基-1H-吲哚-1-溴化季铵盐-1-基)丙基)-1H-吲哚-1-氯化季铵盐、1,1'-(戊烷-1,5-二基)双(1-甲基-1H-吲哚-1-碘化季铵盐)、1-丁基-1-(5-(1-甲基-1H-吲哚-1-季铵盐-1-基)戊基)-1H-吲哚-1-碘化季铵盐中的一种。
8.根据权利要求7所述含双吲哚季铵盐催化剂用于制备五元环碳酸酯的应用,其特征在于:所述环氧化合物为环氧乙烷、环氧丙烷、环氧氯丙烷、二-4-环氧环己烷、2,3-环氧丁烷、2-苯基环氧丙烷、环氧大豆油、1,4-丁二醇二缩水甘油醚中的一种。
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