CN115504580A - Ecological restoration system and restoration method for closed landscape water body - Google Patents
Ecological restoration system and restoration method for closed landscape water body Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/32—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae
- C02F3/327—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae characterised by animals and plants
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/34—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the microorganisms used
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F7/00—Aeration of stretches of water
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
- E03F—SEWERS; CESSPOOLS
- E03F1/00—Methods, systems, or installations for draining-off sewage or storm water
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
- E03F—SEWERS; CESSPOOLS
- E03F3/00—Sewer pipe-line systems
- E03F3/02—Arrangement of sewer pipe-lines or pipe-line systems
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- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
- Y02W10/10—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention provides an ecological restoration system for a closed landscape water body, which comprises an exogenous sewage interception system, an endogenous treatment system, a running water circulation system and an ecological construction system; the method has the advantages that the rainwater and sewage pipelines are laid around the closed water area, the landscape green belt is arranged to remove the exogenous pollution of surface runoff to the maximum extent, and meanwhile, measures such as surface sediment removal and in-situ solidification are used for blocking endogenous pollutants from being released into the water again, so that the stability of a closed water ecological system is maintained; the running water circulation system is adopted to maintain the normal water level of the closed water body, the emergency pollution emergency is fully considered, the water purification activation part is adopted to purify the water quality and promote the water body circulation and energy exchange, and the pollution is conveniently and quickly eliminated, so that the stability and the long-acting continuity of the ecological system are ensured; through the aquatic plants, the aquatic animals and the floating wetland, a reasonable ecological construction system is formed, and the stability of a water body ecological system is maintained.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of ecological restoration of environmental protection water, in particular to an ecological restoration system and a restoration method for a closed landscape water body.
Background
The urban landscape water body is a natural or artificially constructed urban water body which gives people aesthetic feeling, such as landscape riverways, parks and lakes, and is mostly a closed or semi-closed water body. At present, in various tourist areas or parks of cities, water body pollution is serious, physical and psychological health of ornamental visitors is influenced, and the pollution sources mainly comprise invasion of pollution sources, such as surface runoff, atmospheric dust, domestic garbage, domestic sewage and the like, and long-term accumulated underwater sludge and harmful substances released by the sludge. Under the stress of long-term pollution, the water body dissolved oxygen is too low due to insufficient hydrodynamic force, the water ecological system of the closed landscape water body is fragile and is in an unhealthy state, and the aspects of aquatic animals, plant series incompleteness, blue algae and duckweed flooding and the like cannot realize the material exchange and the energy transfer. Under the condition of unbalance of an ecological system, the self-cleaning capability of the closed landscape water body is lost, ecological service functions such as water purification, leisure landscape and the like cannot be provided for the society, and the self-cleaning landscape water body sinks into vicious circle under the continuous pollution interference.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above-mentioned shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention provides an ecological restoration system and a restoration method for closed landscape water.
The invention provides an ecological restoration system for a closed landscape water body, which comprises an exogenous sewage interception system, an endogenous treatment system, a running water circulation system and an ecological construction system; the exogenous sewage interception system comprises a rain and sewage pipe network laid around a closed water area or/and a land landscape restoration belt arranged close to the closed water area and used for blocking external pollution from converging into a water body in the closed water area; the endogenous management system comprises a water bottom maintenance part; the underwater maintenance part comprises a solidified layer and a micro-terrain layer; the solidified layer is used for blocking the release of bottom sediment pollutants; the micro-terrain layer is positioned on the curing layer and is used for planting aquatic plants, putting aquatic organisms and placing equipment; the running water circulating system comprises a water source supply part, a purified water activating part and an aeration and oxygenation part; a source water supply part for maintaining the normal water level of the closed water area; the water purifying and activating part is used for circularly purifying the water body in the closed water area and promoting the water body in the water area to perform horizontal and vertical exchange; the aeration and oxygenation part is used for activating a water body at a local unsmooth water flow of a closed water area and increasing dissolved oxygen of the water body; the ecological construction system comprises aquatic plants, aquatic animals and a floating wetland.
Preferably, the solidified layer is formed by mixing a solidified material and bottom mud with the thickness of 10-20 cm on the surface layer of the closed water body; the curing material comprises fine sand and a heat-treated clay material, wherein the mass ratio of the fine sand to the heat-treated clay material in the curing material is 30-40: 60 to 70.
Preferably, the heat-treated clay material comprises quicklime, attapulgite clay heat-treated at 750-830 ℃, sepiolite heat-treated at 550-650 ℃ and zeolite heat-treated at 490-530 ℃; the mass ratio of the quick lime to the attapulgite clay to the sepiolite to the stilbite is 1.
Preferably, the filling material of the micro-terrain layer comprises sand gravel, soil-stone mixture and backfilled planting soil, and the aquatic plants arranged on the micro-terrain layer are submerged plants, floating-leaf plants and emergent aquatic plants.
Preferably, the floating wetland comprises a wetland carrier, a fixing part for fixing the wetland carrier in the closed water area, a planting part positioned on the wetland carrier and a carbon fiber biological rope hung under the wetland carrier; the wetland carrier comprises a carrier main body part and a buoyancy part embedded in the carrier main body part; the carrier main body part comprises a polyester fiber plant medium layer, a composite plant fiber biological medium layer and a polyester fiber biological medium layer which are sequentially arranged along the up-down direction; the buoyancy part is connected with the plurality of material layers; the carrier main body part material is 200-300 deniers, the specific surface area is 1-1, the porosity is not less than 97%, and the oxygen permeation and water permeation are uniform; the fixing part comprises a positioning weight and a positioning rope, the positioning weight is positioned in the closed water area, and two ends of the positioning rope are respectively connected with the positioning weight and the carrier main body part; planting portion is including being used for planting the planting soil of plant and being located, planting soil is the specification: the particle size is 3mm-10mm, the organic matter content is 70% -80%, the humic acid content is 40% -50%, the pH value is 5.5-6.5, the pH value is weak acid, the nitrogen content is not less than 2.3%, the phosphorus content is not less than 0.3%, the potassium content is not less than 0.2%, the water content is 35% -40%, and the water absorption is not less than 80%.
Preferably, the wetland carrier comprises a plurality of wetland carrier standard blocks and connecting pieces for connecting the adjacent wetland carrier standard blocks; the wetland carrier is formed by splicing the carrier standard blocks in the horizontal direction through connecting pieces.
An ecological restoration method of a closed landscape water body is used for constructing the ecological restoration system of the closed landscape water body, and comprises the following steps: s1, laying a rainwater and sewage pipe network around the closed water area to prevent sewage from flowing into the water body of the water area; s2, discharging the water body in the closed water area, removing surface layer sludge in the water area, mixing a hot clay material and fine sand mixed material with bottom mud with the thickness of 10-20 cm on the surface layer of the water body in the water area, and exposing for 10-15 days to form a surface layer isolation curing layer; s3, adopting filling materials to construct a terrain on the surface layer isolation curing layer, and constructing a micro-terrain layer suitable for the aquatic plants and the aquatic organisms; installing the running water circulating system and filling water into the closed water area; s4, planting aquatic plants, installing the floating wetland and putting aquatic animals in; s5, monitoring the water level and the water quality of the water body in the closed water area, supplementing the water body in time, purifying the water body and increasing oxygen for the water body.
Preferably, the aquatic plants include submerged plants, leafy plants and emergent plants; the aquatic plant planting is divided into two stages, wherein in the first stage, after the micro-terrain layer is constructed, when a water source is supplied to a water level and stored to a preset water level, submerged plants in an area below the preset water level are planted; the second stage is that emergent aquatic plants, floating-leaf plants and submerged plants in the area above the preset water level are planted when the preset water level is stored to the normal water level; wherein the predetermined water level is less than a constant water level predetermined value. .
Preferably, the aquatic animals include benthonic animals, filter-feeding fish, carnivorous fish, and phytophagous fish; when the aquatic animals are thrown in, firstly, the benthonic animals are thrown in, and then, the fish is thrown in; after the aquatic plants are planted and before the aquatic plants are planted successfully, filter-feeding fishes are put in to regulate and control phytoplankton; after the aquatic plants are successfully planted, the carnivorous fishes are put in the aquatic plants, so that new buds and tender leaves of the plants are prevented from being eaten; and (3) putting the vegetal fishes in the vigorous growth period of the aquatic plants to regulate and control the growth of the aquatic plants.
As described above, the ecological restoration system for closed landscape water body according to the present invention 1) adopts the rain and sewage pipeline laid around the closed water body and the landscape green belt arranged to maximally remove the exogenous pollution of surface runoff, and simultaneously adopts the measures of surface sediment removal, in-situ solidification, and the like to block the endogenous pollutants from being released into the water body again, which is beneficial to maintaining the stability of the closed water body ecological system. 2) The water circulation system is adopted to maintain the normal water level of the closed water body, the emergency pollution emergency is fully considered, the water purification activation part is adopted to purify the water quality, promote the water body circulation and energy exchange, and conveniently and quickly eliminate the pollution, thereby ensuring the stability and long-acting continuity of the ecological system. 3) Through the aquatic plants, the aquatic animals and the floating wetland, a reasonable ecological construction system is formed, and the stability of a water body ecological system is maintained. The pollutants are prevented from entering the water body as much as possible in daily life, the water body is purified and activated regularly and timely, and a proper ecological system is constructed, so that the restoration of the closed landscape water body is maintained and the effect is long-term.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an ecological remediation system for a confined landscape water body according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is an enlarged view of the area a in fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view of the floating wetland in the invention.
Fig. 4 is another schematic view of the floating wetland in the invention.
Description of reference numerals:
100. an exogenous sewage interception system; 110. a land landscape restoration belt; 210. a water bottom maintenance part; 211. curing the layer; 212. a micro-topographic layer; 310. a water source supply unit; 410. floating wet land; 411. a wetland carrier; 4111. a carrier body portion; 4112. a buoyancy section; 412. a fixed part; 4121. positioning a heavy object; 4122. positioning the rope; 413. a planting part; 414. a carbon fiber bio-rope; 415. a carrier standard block; 416. a connecting member; 421. submerged plants; 422. a leafy plant; 423. emerging plants.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention is provided for illustrative purposes, and other advantages and effects of the present invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the present disclosure.
It should be understood that the structures, ratios, sizes, and the like shown in the drawings and described in the specification are only used for matching with the disclosure of the specification, so as to be understood and read by those skilled in the art, and are not used to limit the conditions under which the present invention can be implemented, so that the present invention has no technical significance, and any structural modification, ratio relationship change, or size adjustment should still fall within the scope of the present invention without affecting the efficacy and the achievable purpose of the present invention. In addition, the terms such as "upper", "lower", "left", "right" and "middle" used in the present specification are for clarity of description, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and changes or modifications of the relative relationship may be made without substantial technical changes.
As shown in fig. 1-3, an embodiment of an ecological remediation system for a closed landscape water body includes an exogenous sewage interception system 100, an endogenous treatment system, a live water circulation system, and an ecological construction system; the exogenous sewage interception system 100 comprises a rain and sewage pipe network laid around a closed water area and a land landscape restoration belt 110 arranged close to the closed water area, and is used for blocking external pollution from converging into a water body in the closed water area; an endogenous management system comprising a water surface pollution management maintenance part and a water bottom maintenance part 210; a water surface pollution management and maintenance part for cleaning and maintaining the water surface regularly; the underwater maintenance part 210 comprises a solidified layer 211 and a micro-terrain layer 212; the solidified layer 211 is used to block the release of bottom mud pollutants; the micro-terrain layer 212 is positioned on the curing layer 211 and is used for planting aquatic plants, putting aquatic organisms and placing equipment; the running water circulating system comprises a water source supply part 310, a purified water activation part and an aeration and oxygenation part; a water source supply 310 for maintaining a normal water level of a closed water area; the water purifying and activating part is used for circularly purifying the water body in the closed water area and promoting the water body in the water area to be horizontally and vertically exchanged; the aeration and oxygenation part is used for activating the water body at the local unsmooth water flow of the closed water area and increasing the dissolved oxygen of the water body; the ecological construction system is arranged with aquatic plants, aquatic animals, and a floating wetland 410.
For the closed landscape water body of the embodiment, the closed landscape water body needs to be maintained and repaired effectively for a long time by avoiding pollutants from entering the water body as much as possible in daily life, regularly and timely purifying and activating the water body and constructing a proper ecological system.
The embodiment controls and eliminates exogenous pollution and endogenous pollution, adopts the rainwater and sewage pipelines laid around the closed water area and the landscape greenbelt to maximally remove the exogenous pollution of surface runoff, and simultaneously adopts measures such as surface sediment removal and in-situ solidification to block endogenous pollutants from being released into the water again, thereby being beneficial to maintaining the stability of the closed water ecosystem. Meanwhile, the running water circulation system is adopted to maintain the normal water level of the closed water body, emergency pollution emergencies are fully considered, the water purification activation part is adopted to purify the water quality and promote the water body circulation and energy exchange, and the pollution is conveniently and quickly eliminated, so that the stability and the long-acting continuity of the ecological system are ensured. Moreover, a reasonable ecological construction system is formed through the aquatic plants, the aquatic animals and the floating wetland, and the stability of the water body ecological system is maintained.
Preferably, rain sewage pipe networks are laid along roads outside the exogenous sewage interception circular lake revetments, the pipe diameters are set according to load requirements, land landscape restoration belts 110 are arranged along the shoreline, and surface runoff is purified by laying turf, planting shrubs and small trees. Specifically, the land landscape restoration belt plant selects a native plant with good landscape performance and strong decontamination capability. The turf includes green grass, manila, bermudagrass and the like, the shrub includes magnolia multiflora, pyracantha fortuneana, lespedeza bicolor and the like, the small arbor includes photinia fraseri, buxus sinica and the like, and the specific variety is selected according to the specific engineering.
Preferably, when the underwater maintenance part 210 is constructed, the solidified layer 211 can be formed by mixing a solidified material and bottom mud with a thickness of 10-20 cm on the surface layer of the closed water body; the curing material comprises fine sand and a heat-treated clay material, and the ratio of the fine sand to the heat-treated clay material in the curing material is 30-40: 60 to 70. The heat-treated clay material comprises quicklime, attapulgite clay subjected to heat treatment at 750-830 ℃, sepiolite subjected to heat treatment at 550-650 ℃ and zeolite subjected to heat treatment at 490-530 ℃; the mass ratio of the quick lime to the attapulgite clay to the sepiolite to the stilbite is 1.
Wherein, the preparation steps of the thermal clay are as follows: (1) The clay material is made into particles with the particle size of 0.5 mm-10mm, and is dried at 105 ℃;
(2) Heating the attapulgite clay material treated in the step (1) for 1h at 750-830 ℃, the sepiolite molecular clay material at 550-650 ℃ and the stilbite clay material at 490-530 ℃;
(3) Collecting the clay material treated in the steps (1) and (2), and storing for later use.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the filling material of the micro-terrain layer 212 comprises sand, gravel, soil and stone mixture and backfilled planting soil, and the aquatic plants for arrangement of the micro-terrain layer 212 are submerged plants 421 or/and floating plants 422 or/and emergent aquatic plants 423. Specifically, the micro-terrain layer 212 can be set to be a step type, each step plane is in different water depths, and then is suitable for planting different types of aquatic plants, and meanwhile, different devices such as water suction pumps and the like can be placed conveniently.
Preferably, for the running water circulation system, the water replenishing source in the running water circulation can adopt non-initial rainwater, lake bottom spring water, municipal water and the like. In this embodiment, the specific supply method mainly considers that municipal water is adopted, and non-initial rainwater and spring water are matched for supply, so as to maintain the water level of the closed water body at a normal water level. The pipe diameter of the pipe network needs to be set according to the requirement of incoming water load, and the material of the pipe network also needs to be selected according to the requirement, and the pipe network generally comprises a PE pipe, a steel pipe, a nodular cast iron pipe and the like.
The lake water is taken by a water taking pump, purified by a water quality purification station and then discharged into the lake area, and the water quality purification station has the function of purifying the water quality. The water quality purification station has the function of purifying water, the scale is generally 1000-20000 t/d, the valve well has the function of activating water, and the scale and the quantity of equipment are selected according to the specific engineering requirements.
The aeration and oxygenation part can adopt a water lifting type fountain aerator, and the power is provided by solar energy and/or commercial power to oxygenate, make flow and circulate the water body and provide the fountain landscape function at the same time. The equipment is arranged at the position where water flow is not smooth, the power of the single equipment is 0-5 KW, the oxygen supply amount is 0-10 kg/h, and the type, scale and quantity of the equipment are selected according to specific engineering requirements.
Preferably, in the ecological construction system of the present embodiment, the aquatic plants are submerged plants 421, floating plants 422 and emergent aquatic plants 423. Wherein the aquatic plant is selected from native plant, wherein the emergent aquatic and hygrophyte plants comprise reed, cattail, yellow flag, aquatic canna, loosestrife, floral reed and the like, and the planting density is 25-40 plants/m 2 (ii) a The floating-leaf plants 422 comprise water lily, water turtle, water chestnut, gordon euryale seed and the like, and the planting density is 3-5 buds/m 2 (ii) a The submerged plant 421 comprises short-type herba Swertiae Dilutae, herba Oxalidis Corniculatae, herba Eupatorii, isodon japonicus, dietzia zeylanica and hydrilla verticillata, etc., and the planting density is 100-140 plants/m 2 It is suitable for planting in suitable time.
In the embodiment, the area of the planted aquatic plants accounts for 40% -50% of the total water surface, and the aquatic plants consist of 20% -25% of emergent aquatic plants 423, 20% -25% of floating-leaf plants 422 and 50% -60% of floating wetland 410 plants; the planting proportion of the submerged plants 421 is controlled to be 40-50%, and the specific planting proportion is set according to specific engineering and terrain conditions.
The aquatic animals are filter-feeding fish, omnivorous fish, carnivorous fish, herbivorous fish and benthonic animals. The filter feeding fish mainly comprises silver carp, bighead carp and the like; the omnivorous fishes mainly comprise carp, crucian and the like; carnivorous fishes mainly comprise snakeheads, mandarin fishes and the like; the herbivorous fishes mainly comprise grass carps and the like; the benthonic animals mainly comprise freshwater shrimps, periwinkle snails and the like.
In this embodiment, after storing water for a certain period of time, benthic animals are first stocked, and after the aquatic plants grow to a certain biomass, carnivorous fish, filter-feeding fish, omnivorous fish, benthic fish and herbivorous fish are stocked, and stocking is performed in batches, with little or much, and increasing gradually. The throwing proportion is controlled as follows: 40-50% of carnivorous fishes, 10-20% of filter-feeding fishes, 10-20% of omnivorous fishes, less than 10% of benthic fishes and less than 6% of herbivorous fishes.
As shown in fig. 3, the floating wetland 410 comprises a wetland carrier 411, a fixing part 412 for fixing the wetland carrier 411 in the closed water area, a planting part 413 positioned on the wetland carrier 411 and a carbon fiber biological rope 414 hung under the wetland carrier 411; the wetland carrier 411 comprises a carrier main body portion 4111 and a buoyancy portion 4112 embedded in the carrier main body portion 4111; the carrier main body portion 4111 comprises a polyester fiber plant medium layer, a composite plant fiber biological medium layer and a polyester fiber biological medium layer which are sequentially arranged in the vertical direction; the carrier main body portion 4111 is made of 200-300 denier, has a specific surface area of 1-1, and a porosity of not less than 97%, and is uniformly oxygen-permeable and water-permeable; the fixing part 412 comprises a positioning weight 4121 and a positioning rope 4122, the positioning weight 4121 is located in the closed water area, and two ends of the positioning rope 4122 are respectively connected with the positioning weight 4121 and the carrier body part 4111; planting portion 413 includes the planting soil that is used for planting the plant, and the planting soil is the specification: the particle size is 3mm-10mm, the organic matter content is 70% -80%, the humic acid content is 40% -50%, the pH value is 5.5-6.5, the pH value is weak acid, the nitrogen content is not less than 2.3%, the phosphorus content is not less than 0.3%, the potassium content is not less than 0.2%, the water content is 35% -40%, and the water absorption is not less than 80%.
The wetland carrier 411 has a large specific surface area, and can provide a carrier for the attachment and growth of a large number of microorganisms. The upper layer and the lower layer of the carrier main body part 4111 are made of various different materials, and biofilm with different thicknesses is formed by the specific surface areas and the void ratios of the different materials, so that a microcosmic continuous aerobic and anaerobic alternate environment is created under the condition of the oxygen secretion action of the plant root system, and different pollutants can be removed more favorably.
In the embodiment, the positioning stone is made of concrete and weighs 40-50 kg, and a steel hanging ring for connecting the positioning rope 4122 is arranged on the positioning stone. The positioning rope 4122 is made of stainless steel, and the diameter thereof is 8-10 mm.
The plant turf planted on the planting soil can be Manila sowing ryegrass, canna, acorus calamus and saxifrage. Specifically, the planted turf can be set to a standard specification of 60 × 100cm, canna aquatica: 26 x 21cm nutrition pot, 3-5 buds, initial planting density of 18 pots per square meter; yellow flag: 12 × 10cm nutrition pot, 3-5 buds, and initial planting density of 21 pots/square meter; grass of common Coleus: 16 × 14cm nutrition pot, 3-5 buds, initial planting density of 21 strains per square meter.
The carbon fiber biological ropes 414 are placed in a drooping type manner, each specification can be customized, and the carbon fiber biological ropes are hung below the floating wetland 410 unit, and the placing density is set at intervals of 25-100 per square meter.
As shown in fig. 4, the wetland carrier 411 comprises a plurality of wetland carrier standard blocks 415 and connecting pieces 416 for connecting the adjacent wetland carrier standard blocks 415; the wetland carrier 411 is formed by splicing carrier standard blocks 415 in the horizontal direction through connecting pieces 416.
In this embodiment, the wetland carrier standard blocks 415 are provided with mounting holes penetrating in the front-back direction and the left-right direction, the connecting pieces 416 are steel wire ropes, and the steel wire ropes can penetrate through the mounting holes of the two adjacent wetland carrier standard blocks 416, so that the wetland carrier 411 can be spliced by the wetland standard blocks.
Compared with the traditional floating bed, the wetland carrier 415 has strong external interference resistance (wind wave and the like) and long service life, so that plants on the wetland carrier 415 grow more densely, the floating bed does not need to be replaced frequently, and the stability of the ecological restoration system is enhanced.
The following is an ecological remediation system for an enclosed body of landscape water constructed in accordance with an embodiment, which may be located in an urban area. Wherein, the external source cuts dirty and lays the rain sewage pipe network for the outer edge road of ring lake revetment, and the rain sewage pipe adopts the UPVC pipe, and the sewage pipe adopts the pipe diameter to be DN100 and DN200 two kinds, and the downspout adopts DN400 and DN600 two kinds, adopts socket joint adhesive bonding between the pipeline. Meanwhile, a land landscape restoration belt 110 is arranged along the shoreline, surface runoff is further purified, ecological landscape is improved, and plants are selected from green grass, canna grandiflora, silvery mango, galangal mosaic, evening primrose and the like;
the solidified layer 211 covered by the endogenous control mainly adopts a clay and fine sand mixed material, wherein the clay material is a mixed material of quicklime, 800 ℃ heat-treated attapulgite, 600 ℃ heat-treated sepiolite and 500 ℃ heat-treated zeolite, the proportion is controlled to be 1.
The micro-terrain layer 212 is constructed by sequentially adopting filling materials such as sand gravel, soil-stone mixture rolling, backfilling planting soil and the like to construct the underwater terrain of the lake region, and the water depth conditions suitable for planting of submerged plants 421, floating-leaf plants 422 and emergent aquatic plants 423 and equipment installation are constructed. Wherein the planting depth of the submerged plant 421 is 50-200 cm, the planting depth of the floating-leaf plant 422 is 30-50 cm, the planting depth of the emergent plant 423 is 0-30 cm, the installation depth of the floating wetland 410 is more than 200cm, and the installation depth of the equipment is 50-100 cm. The terrain modeling material is detected to have no pollution to water quality of water, has no toxicity and harm to growth of aquatic plants and aquatic animals, and backfills planting soil need to meet certain planting nutrition requirements.
In the running water circulation, the water supplementing source adopts municipal water, and is supplemented by matching with non-initial rainwater and spring water, so that the water level of the closed water body is maintained at a normal level; the water purification activation part comprises a water quality purification station and a valve well. Lake water is pumped by a water pump, purified by a water quality purification station and then discharged into a lake area, the water quality purification station has a water quality purification function, the scale is 5000t/d, and a valve well has a water body activation function; the aeration and oxygenation process adopts a water lifting type fountain aerator, uses solar energy and/or commercial power to provide power, carries out oxygenation, flow making and circulation on water, and simultaneously provides a fountain landscape function. The equipment is arranged at the position where water flow is not smooth, the power of the single equipment is 0-5 kw, the oxygen supply amount is 0-10 kg/h, and 5 units are arranged in the engineering and are arranged at the position where water flow is not smooth.
The ecosystem construction comprises three parts of arrangement of aquatic plants, aquatic animals and the floating wetland 410. The aquatic plants comprise emergent aquatic hygrophytes, floating leaf plants 422 and submerged plants 421; wherein the emergent aquatic plants 423 and the hygrophytes comprise typha angustifolia, acorus calamus, canna aquatica, lythra scandens, arundo donax linn and the like, and the planting density is 25-40 plants per square meter; the leafy plants 422 comprise water lily and the like, and the planting density is 3-5 buds per square meter; the submerged plants 421 comprise short-type eel grass, common sowthistle herb, small-arrowroot algae, hydrilla verticillata and the like, the planting density is 100-140 plants per square meter, and the planting is preferably carried out at a proper time interval. The area of the planted aquatic plants accounts for 40-50% of the total water surface, and the planted aquatic plants consist of 20-25% of emergent aquatic hygrophytes, 20-25% of floating-leaf plants 422 and 50-60% of floating wetland 410 plants; the planting proportion of the submerged plant 421 is controlled to be 40-50%.
The aquatic animals include filter feeding fish, omnivorous fish, carnivorous fish, herbivorous fish, benthonic animals, etc.; wherein the filter feeding fish is silver carp and bighead carp; the omnivorous fish is crucian; the carnivorous fish is snakehead; the herbivorous fish is grass carp; the benthonic animals are freshwater shrimps and periwinkle snails. The fish feeding proportion is controlled as follows: 50% of carnivorous fish, 20% of filter-feeding fish, 17% of omnivorous fish, 8% of benthic fish and 5% of herbivorous fish.
The putting sequence is as follows: firstly, after water is stored for a certain time, benthonic animals are put in a breeding mode, fishes are put in a breeding mode after aquatic plants grow to reach a certain biomass, carnivorous fishes, filter-feeding fishes, omnivorous fishes, benthic fishes and herbivorous fishes are put in a breeding mode, and breeding is carried out in batches, wherein breeding is gradually increased from less fishes to more fishes.
The floating wetland 410 comprises a carrier body, a fixing part 412, a planting part 413 and a carbon fiber biological rope 414. The carrier main body consists of a material layer and an embedded buoyancy portion 4112, wherein the material layer comprises a polyester fiber plant medium layer, a composite plant fiber biological medium layer and a polyester fiber biological medium layer, the denier is 200-300, the specific surface area is 1. The floating wetland 410 material layer is formed by standard modules, is cut into a butterfly and petal combined model and is formed by connecting steel wire ropes through mounting holes.
The planting part 413 includes planting soil and a plant layer. Wherein, the planting soil adopts turfy soil, and the specification is: the particle size is 3mm-10mm, the organic matter content is 70% -80%, the humic acid content is 40% -50%, the pH value is 5.5-6.5, the pH value is weak acid, the nitrogen content is not less than 2.3%, the phosphorus content is not less than 0.3%, the potassium content is not less than 0.2%, the water content is 35-40%, and the water absorption is not less than 80%. The plant is composed of Manila mixed seeding ryegrass, canna, yellow flag and mullet. The turf specification can be customized; aquatic canna: 26 x 21cm nutrition pot, 3-5 buds, initial planting density of 18 pots per square meter; yellow flag: 12 × 10cm nutrition pot, 3-5 buds, and initial planting density of 21 pots/square meter; grass of common Coleus: 16 x 14cm nutrition pot, 3-5 buds, initial planting density of 21 plants/square meter;
the carbon fiber biological ropes 414 are placed in a drooping type mode, each specification can be customized, the ropes are suspended below the floating wetland 410 unit, and the placing density setting interval is 25-100 ropes/m < 2 >.
The embodiment of the ecological restoration method for the closed landscape water body provided by the invention comprises the following steps:
s1, laying a rain and sewage pipe network around the closed water area to prevent sewage from flowing into a water body of the water area; s2, discharging the water body in the closed water area, removing surface layer sludge in the water area, mixing a hot clay material and fine sand mixed material with bottom mud with the thickness of 10-20 cm on the surface layer of the water body in the water area, and exposing for 10-15 days to form a surface layer isolation curing layer 211; s3, adopting filling materials to construct a terrain on the surface layer isolation curing layer 211, and constructing a micro-terrain layer 212 suitable for aquatic plants and aquatic organisms; installing a running water circulating system and filling water into a closed water area; s4, planting aquatic plants, installing the floating wetland 410 and putting aquatic animals in; s5, monitoring the water level and the water quality of the water body in the closed water area, supplementing the water body in time, purifying the water body and increasing oxygen for the water body.
The aquatic plant-covered aquatic plant comprises a submerged plant 421, a floating leaf plant 422 and an emergent plant 423, and specifically, the aquatic plant planting is divided into two stages, wherein in the first stage, after the micro-terrain layer 212 is constructed, a water source is supplied to a water level and stored to a preset water level, and the submerged plant 421 in an area below the preset water level is planted; in the second stage, when the water is stored to a predetermined water level, emergent aquatic plants 423, floating-leaf plants 422 and submerged plants 421 in the area above the predetermined water level are planted. Wherein the predetermined value is 1m, that is, the predetermined water level is less than the normal water level 1m. Furthermore, floating wetland 410 is installed, and carbon fiber bio-ropes 414 are suspended to form a bio-net film, which provides an adhesion base for microorganisms and the like.
The aquatic animals include benthonic animals, filter-feeding fishes, carnivorous fishes and phytophagous fishes; when the aquatic animals are thrown in, firstly, the benthonic animals are thrown in, and then, the fish is thrown in; after the aquatic plants are planted and before the aquatic plants are successfully planted, filter-feeding fishes are put in the aquatic plants for regulating and controlling phytoplankton and improving the transparency of the water body; after the aquatic plants are successfully planted, the carnivorous fishes are put in, so that new buds and tender leaves of the plants are prevented from being eaten, and the omnivorous and phytophagous omnivorous fishes in the water body are controlled; and (3) putting the vegetal fishes in the vigorous growth period of the aquatic plants to regulate and control the growth of the aquatic plants.
Wherein the stocking of carnivorous fish, filter-feeding fish, omnivorous fish, benthic fish and herbivorous fish is carried out in batches, and the stocking is gradually increased from less to more. The throwing proportion is controlled as follows: 40-50% of carnivorous fishes, 10-20% of filter-feeding fishes, 10-20% of omnivorous fishes, less than 10% of benthic fishes and less than 6% of herbivorous fishes. And after the water is stored for a certain time, the benthonic animals are firstly put in place and cultured until the aquatic plants grow to reach a certain biomass, so as to ensure the healthy establishment of the entire closed water area ecological system.
The foregoing embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles and utilities of the present invention and are not intended to limit the invention. Any person skilled in the art can modify or change the above-mentioned embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Accordingly, it is intended that all equivalent modifications or changes which can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and technical spirit of the present invention be covered by the claims of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. An ecological restoration system for closed landscape water body is characterized by comprising an exogenous sewage interception system, an endogenous treatment system, a running water circulation system and an ecological construction system;
the exogenous sewage interception system comprises a rain sewage pipe network laid around a closed water area or/and a land landscape restoration belt arranged near the closed water area and used for blocking external pollution from converging into a water body in the closed water area;
the endogenous management system comprises a water bottom maintenance part; the underwater maintenance part comprises a solidified layer and a micro-terrain layer; the solidified layer is used for blocking the release of bottom sediment pollutants; the micro-terrain layer is positioned on the solidified layer and is used for planting aquatic plants;
the running water circulating system comprises a water source supply part, a purified water activation part and an aeration and oxygenation part; a source water supply part for maintaining the normal water level of the closed water area; the water purifying and activating part is used for circularly purifying the water body in the closed water area and promoting the water body in the water area to be horizontally and vertically exchanged; the aeration and oxygenation part is used for activating a water body at a local unsmooth water flow of a closed water area and increasing dissolved oxygen of the water body;
the ecological construction system comprises aquatic plants, aquatic animals and a floating wetland.
2. The ecological restoration system for the enclosed landscape water body according to claim 1, wherein the solidified layer is formed by mixing a solidified material and bottom mud with a thickness of 10-20 cm on the surface layer of the enclosed water body; the curing material comprises fine sand and a heat-treated clay material, wherein the mass ratio of the fine sand to the heat-treated clay material in the curing material is 30-40: 60 to 70.
3. The ecological restoration system for closed landscape water body according to claim 2, wherein the heat-treated clay material comprises quicklime, heat-treated attapulgite clay at 750-830 ℃, heat-treated sepiolite at 550-650 ℃ and heat-treated zeolite at 490-530 ℃; the mass ratio of the quick lime to the attapulgite clay to the sepiolite to the stilbite is 1.
4. The ecological restoration system for the enclosed landscape water body according to claim 1, wherein the filling material of the micro-terrain layer comprises gravel sand and gravel, soil and stone mixture and backfilling planting soil, and the aquatic plants arranged on the micro-terrain layer are submerged plants, floating plants and emergent plants.
5. The ecological restoration system for the enclosed landscape water body according to claim 1, wherein the floating wetland comprises wetland carriers, fixing parts for fixing the wetland carriers in the enclosed water area, planting parts positioned on the wetland carriers and a plurality of carbon fiber biological ropes suspended under the wetland carriers;
the wetland carrier comprises a carrier main body part and a buoyancy part embedded in the carrier main body part; the carrier main body part comprises a plurality of material layers which are sequentially arranged along the up-down direction, the carrier main body part is 200-300 deniers as a whole, the specific surface area is 1-1, the porosity is not less than 97%, and the oxygen permeation and water permeation are uniform; the buoyancy part is connected with the plurality of material layers;
the fixing part comprises a positioning weight and a positioning rope, the positioning weight is positioned in the closed water area, and two ends of the positioning rope are respectively connected with the positioning weight and the carrier main body part;
planting portion is including the planting soil and the planting layer that are used for planting the plant, planting soil is the specification: the particle size is 3mm-10mm, the organic matter content is 70% -80%, the humic acid content is 40% -50%, the pH value is 5.5-6.5, the pH value is weak acid, the nitrogen content is not less than 2.3%, the phosphorus content is not less than 0.3%, the potassium content is not less than 0.2%, the water content is 35% -40%, and the water absorption is not less than 80%; the planting layer is a planting turf.
6. The ecological restoration system for the closed landscape water body according to claim 5, wherein the plurality of material layers are respectively a polyester fiber plant medium layer, a composite plant fiber biological medium layer and a polyester fiber biological medium layer from top to bottom.
7. The ecological restoration system for the enclosed landscape water body according to claim 1, wherein the wetland carriers comprise a plurality of wetland carrier standard blocks and connecting pieces for connecting the adjacent wetland carrier standard blocks; the wetland carrier is formed by splicing the carrier standard blocks in the horizontal direction through connecting pieces.
8. An ecological restoration method of a closed landscape water body, for constructing the ecological restoration system of a closed landscape water body of claim 1, comprising the steps of:
s1, laying a rain and sewage pipe network around the closed water area to prevent sewage from flowing into a water body of the water area;
s2, discharging the water body in the closed water area, removing surface layer sludge in the water area, mixing a hot clay material and fine sand mixed material with bottom mud with the thickness of 10-20 cm on the surface layer of the water body in the water area, and exposing for 10-15 days to form a surface layer isolation curing layer;
s3, adopting filling materials to construct a terrain on the surface layer isolation curing layer, and constructing a micro-terrain layer suitable for the aquatic plants and the aquatic organisms; installing the running water circulating system and filling water into the closed water area;
s4, planting aquatic plants, installing the floating wetland and putting aquatic animals in;
s5, monitoring the water level and the water quality of the water body in the closed water area, supplementing the water body in time, purifying the water body and increasing oxygen for the water body.
9. The ecological restoration method for the closed landscape water body according to claim 8, wherein the aquatic plants comprise submerged plants, floating leaves and emergent water plants; the aquatic plant planting is divided into two stages, wherein in the first stage, after the micro-terrain layer is constructed, when a water source is supplied to a water level and stored to a preset water level, submerged plants in an area below the preset water level are planted; the second stage is that emergent aquatic plants, floating-leaf plants and submerged plants in the area above the preset water level are planted when the preset water level is stored to the normal water level; wherein the predetermined water level is less than a constant water level predetermined value.
10. The ecological restoration method for an enclosed landscape water body according to claim 8, wherein the aquatic animals include benthonic animals, filter-feeding fishes, carnivorous fishes and phytophagous fishes; when the aquatic animals are thrown in, firstly, the benthonic animals are thrown in, and then, the fish are thrown in; after the aquatic plants are planted and before the aquatic plants are planted successfully, filter-feeding fishes are put in to regulate and control phytoplankton; after the aquatic plants are successfully planted, the carnivorous fishes are put in the water, so that new buds and tender leaves of the plants are prevented from being eaten; and (3) putting the vegetal fishes in the vigorous growth period of the aquatic plants to regulate and control the growth of the aquatic plants.
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