CN115501345B - Acat1基因或蛋白在调控结直肠癌细胞增殖和转移中的应用 - Google Patents
Acat1基因或蛋白在调控结直肠癌细胞增殖和转移中的应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
发明公开了ACAT1基因或蛋白在调控结直肠癌细胞增殖和转移中的应用，本发明经研究发现，ACAT1基因或蛋白在结直肠癌患者癌组织和结直肠癌细胞中高表达；本发明通过shRNA进行基因沉默，降低ACAT1基因或蛋白在结直肠癌细胞HCT 116和HT 29内的表达；本发明通过体内外功能实验明确干扰ACAT1表达可有效抑制结直肠癌细胞增殖、细胞集落形成和侵袭转移的能力，进而达到实现抑制结直肠癌的目的，对结直肠癌小分子靶向药物的研发具有重要意义。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于生物医学技术领域，具体公开了ACAT1基因或蛋白在调控结直肠癌细胞增殖和转移中的应用。
背景技术
结直肠癌(Colorectal cancer,CRC)是目前世界上第三常见的恶性肿瘤。据统计，全世界每年约190万新诊断病例和超90万死亡病例，结直肠癌的高发病率和高死亡率严重威胁人类的健康。结直肠癌的发生和发展是一个复杂的过程，涉及信号分子、内稳态、微环境、饮食、生活方式等外源性和内源性因素。因此，探究结直肠癌恶性进展的病理生理机制，有利于结直肠癌早期诊断和发现新型生物标志物。
乙酰辅酶A酰基转移酶1(ACAT1)，可催化乙酰乙酰辅酶A分解成两个乙酰辅酶A分子以及其逆反应，在酮体的生成以及利用过程中起到关键的调控作用。此外，ACAT1最近还被报道在抗癌药物抗性、癌细胞增殖和肿瘤生长过程中发挥重要作用。ACAT1与前列腺癌、乳腺癌以及肝细胞癌的进展呈正相关。在结直肠癌中，虽然已有研究报道ACAT1介导苹果酸酶1(ME1)的K337乙酰化进而影响脂质代谢促进肿瘤发生，但未直接验证ACAT1与结直肠癌发生发展的相关性。本发明首次通过体内外实验证实了ACAT1对于结直肠癌增殖和侵袭转移方面的作用，为结直肠癌的靶向治疗提供有效治疗靶点。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供ACAT1基因或蛋白在调控结直肠癌增殖和侵袭转移中的应用。
本发明的目的可以通过以下技术方案实现：
ACAT1基因或ACAT1蛋白在调控结直肠癌进展中的应用。
作为一种优选技术方案，所述的结直肠癌进展包括结直肠癌细胞的增殖、细胞集落形成和侵袭转移中的至少一种。进一步优选的，干扰、抑制或沉默ACAT1基因或ACAT1蛋白的表达能够抑制结直肠癌细胞的增殖、细胞集落形成和侵袭转移的能力。
ACAT1基因或用于抑制或干扰ACAT1基因表达的物质在制备产品中的应用，所述产品的用途为如下(a1)～(a5)中的至少一种：
(a1)抑制结直肠癌细胞增殖；
(a2)抑制结直肠癌细胞集落形成；
(a3)抑制结直肠癌细胞侵袭转移；
(a4)预防或治疗结直肠癌。
ACAT1蛋白或用于降低ACAT1蛋白含量和/或活性的物质在制备产品中的应用，所述产品的用途为如下(a1)～(a5)中的至少一种：
(a1)抑制结直肠癌细胞增殖；
(a2)抑制结直肠癌细胞集落形成；
(a3)抑制结直肠癌细胞侵袭转移；
(a4)预防或治疗结直肠癌。
一种产品，其活性成分为用于抑制或干扰ACAT1基因表达的物质或用于降低ACAT1蛋白含量和/或活性的物质，所述产品的用途为如下(a1)～(a5)中的至少一种：
(a1)抑制结直肠癌细胞增殖；
(a2)抑制结直肠癌细胞集落形成；
(a3)抑制结直肠癌细胞侵袭转移；
(a4)预防或治疗结直肠癌。
上述的抑制或干扰ACAT1基因表达的物质为ACAT1基因干扰慢病毒，干扰ACAT1基因表达所采用的ACAT1-shRNA慢病毒载体的oligo序列如下所示：
shACAT1-1：CCGGGCCACTAAGCTTGGTTCCATTCTCGAGAATGGAACCAAGCTTAGTGGCTTTTTG
shACAT1-2：CCGGCGAAATGAACAGGACGCTTATCTCGAGATAAGCGTCCTGTTCATTTCGTTTTTG。
ACAT1基因或ACAT1蛋白作为靶点，在筛选或开发结直肠癌预防或治疗药物中的应用。
ACAT1基因或ACAT1蛋白作为结直肠癌预防或治疗靶点的应用。
所述的结直肠癌细胞为结直肠癌细胞HCT 116和HT 29。
本发明所述的ACAT1基因的序列为现有技术中已经公开序列(Homo sapienschromosome 11,GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly NCBI Reference Sequence:NC_000011.10)。ACAT1蛋白为ACAT1基因编码的蛋白。
本发明通过shRNA进行基因沉默，降低ACAT1基因或蛋白在结直肠癌细胞HCT 116和HT 29内的表达，可有效抑制肿瘤细胞增殖、细胞集落形成和侵袭转移的能力，其能够解决现目前针对结直肠癌靶向药物的研究中靶点不明确的技术问题。
与现有技术相比，本发明至少具有如下的优点与积极效果：本发明基于结直肠癌患者的癌组织和癌旁组织样本研究发现，ACAT1在结直肠癌组织样本中高表达，该ACAT1基因或蛋白可作为结直肠癌的有效治疗靶点。本发明构建的shRNA可有效沉默结直肠癌细胞中ACAT1的表达。本发明结合体内外功能实验证实，降低ACAT1表达可有效抑制结直肠癌细胞增殖、细胞集落形成和侵袭转移的能力，进而达到实现抑制结直肠癌的目的。因此，ACAT1可应用于肿瘤靶向治疗，对结直肠癌小分子靶向药物的研发具有重要意义。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例的技术方案，下面将对实施例中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，应当理解，以下附图仅示出了本发明的某些实施例，因此不应被看作是对范围的限定，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他相关的附图。
图1为本发明实施例1提供的结直肠癌关键代谢蛋白ACAT1的发现过程图，其中，图1A为结直肠癌患者、代谢综合征患者与健康受试者血清样本中差异代谢物筛选、比对、鉴定、确认过程的热图；图1B为患者血清样本中共有差异代谢物筛选的维恩示意图；图1C为三组血清样本中比较中的共有差异代谢物；图1D为199对结直肠癌组织及癌旁组织中ACAT1mRNA表达比较图；图1E为正常肠上皮细胞和不同结直肠癌细胞系中ACAT1mRNA表达水平；
图2为本发明实施例2提供的ACAT1对于结直肠癌细胞增殖的影响结果图，其中，图2A为qRT-PCR检测细胞中ACAT1沉默效率图；图2B为ACAT1沉默对HCT 116和HT 29细胞增殖能力的影响；图2C为ACAT1沉默对HCT 116和HT 29细胞集落形成能力的影响；
图3为本发明实施例3提供的ACAT1对于结直肠癌细胞侵袭转移的影响结果图，其中，图3A为ACAT1沉默后HCT 116和HT 29细胞侵袭转移情况；图3B为ACAT1沉默后，侵袭转移标志蛋白E-cadherin、MMP9以及Vimentin蛋白表达情况；
图4为本发明实施例4提供的沉默ACAT1对结直肠癌细胞HCT 116体内成瘤能力的影响，其中，图4A为裸鼠皮下成瘤图；图4B为皮下移植瘤的重量分析图；图4C为皮下移植瘤的体积检测图；图4D为Western blot检测瘤组织中ACAT1沉默效率图；图4E为qRT-PCR检测瘤组织中ACAT1沉默效率图；图4F为免疫组化染色检测移植瘤组织中Ki67表达水平；
图5为本发明实施例5提供的沉默ACAT1对尾静脉注射肺转移模型中结直肠癌细胞HCT 116体内侵袭转移的影响，其中，图5A为小动物活体生物发光成像技术动态监测细胞在小鼠肺部的转移过程；图5B为小鼠肺部荧光强度统计图；图5C为HE染色检测肺部转移瘤结节灶。
具体实施方式
为使本发明实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述。实施例中未注明具体条件者，按照常规条件或制造商建议的条件进行。所用试剂或仪器未注明生产厂商者，均为可以通过市售购买获得的常规产品。
需要说明的是，在不冲突的情况下，本申请中的实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互组合。下面将参考具体实施例来详细说明本发明。
实施例1结直肠癌关键代谢蛋白ACAT1筛选及发现过程
(1)实验方法
A.样品前处理：吸取血清样本50μL，加入150μL甲醇(3倍体积量)，混合涡旋30s后离心(13000rpm，4℃，10min)。小心吸取上清液各75μL，分别置于2个1.5mL的离心管中，利用氮吹仪将上清液吹干。吹干后分别加入含有内标液(正离子模式条件下加入100ng/mL的L-2-氯代苯丙氨酸，负离子模式条件下1μg/mL酮洛芬)的甲醇复溶液100μL进行复溶，复溶后再涡旋30s进行混匀，混匀之后再放入高速离心机中在13000rpm条件下离心10min(4℃)。各吸取离心过后的上清液80μL，分别置于液质小瓶中准备进行正负离子的检测。
B.RNA提取及实时荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)：采用RNA提取试剂盒R401-01(诺唯赞，南京)提取细胞及组织样本总RNA。逆转录试剂盒采用HiScript II Q RT SuperMix(诺唯赞，南京)；实时荧光定量PCR试剂盒采用ChamQ SYBR qPCR Master Mix(诺唯赞，南京)。所用引物序列见表1。
表1引物序列表
| 序列名称 | 序列 |
| ACAT1_F | CGGAGGCTGGTGCAGGAAAT |
| ACAT1_R | CATGCTCTCCATCCCACCTG |
| β-Actin_F | GTCATTCCAAATATGAGATGCGT |
| β-Actin_R | GCTATCACCTCCCCTGTGTG |
C.细胞培养：DLD-1、HT29和Caco2细胞购自中国科学院典型培养物保藏中心。HCT116和SW480细胞由中国科学院干细胞库友情提供。NCM-460、RKO和HEK293T细胞购自美国典型培养物保藏中心(ATCC)。NCM-460细胞在含有10％胎牛血清的RIPM-1640培养基中培养。HCT116细胞在含有10％胎牛血清的McCoy's 5A培养基中培养。Caco-2细胞在含有20％胎牛血清的MEM培养基中培养。其他细胞在含有10％胎牛血清的DMEM培养基中培养。所有细胞均在37℃、含5％ CO2的湿润环境中培养。
(2)实验结果
在健康受试者、代谢综合征患者以及结直肠癌患者血清样本中筛选并鉴定了30个共有差异代谢物，见图1A-B。30个候选差异代谢物的具体信息见图1C，进一步对30个差异代谢标志物进行分析，结果发现只有β-羟基丁酸在结直肠癌血清样本中含量呈现显著的增高趋势，并且已有研究报道β-羟基丁酸是通过关键代谢激酶乙酰辅酶A 酰基转移酶1(ACAT1)生成乙酰辅酶A从而进入三羧酸循环利用，因此本发明选取ACAT1作为后续研究的重点。首先我们通过qRT-PCR对199对配对的癌组织与癌旁组织中ACAT1的表达水平进行检测，发现肿瘤组织样品中ACAT1表达显著上调，见图1D。接着通过qRT-PCR对正常肠上皮细胞和不同结直肠癌细胞中ACAT1的基因表达进行检测，发现与正常肠上皮细胞NCM-460相比，ACAT1在结直肠癌细胞中呈现高表达状态，见图1E，表明ACAT1可能在结直肠癌的发生发展过程中发挥重要作用。
实施例2ACAT1对于结直肠癌细胞增殖的影响：
(1)ACAT1-shRNA慢病毒载体的构建及鉴定
本发明所采用的ACAT1-shRNA慢病毒载体由本实验室人员构建，从Sigma官网检索ACAT1对应的shRNA序列如表2所示：
表2oligo序列表
| 序列名称 | 序列 |
| shACAT1-1 | CCGGGCCACTAAGCTTGGTTCCATTCTCGAGAATGGAACCAAGCTTAGTGGCTTTTTG |
| shACAT1-2 | CCGGCGAAATGAACAGGACGCTTATCTCGAGATAAGCGTCCTGTTCATTTCGTTTTTG |
然后将该序列通过酶切位点AgeⅠ和EcoRⅠ构建到PLKO.1载体上，再经过比对验证，结果均显示重组克隆中插入片段序列与设计的oligo序列完全一致，证明载体构建成功。将PSPAX2和PMD2.G以及目的质粒共转染至293T细胞中进行病毒包装，于36小时和60小时收集含有慢病毒的上清培养液，使用0.45μm滤器过滤，分装后冻存。
再将含有PLKO.1-ACAT1-shRNA、PLKO.1-scramble的慢病毒培养液感染结直肠癌肿瘤细胞HCT 116和HT 29，通过嘌呤霉素进行筛选，并通过qRT-PCR检测细胞中ACAT1的mRNA表达水平，如图2A所示，稳定干扰ACAT1表达的细胞系构建成功。
(2)沉默ACAT1对结直肠癌细胞增殖的影响
在96孔板的每个孔中接种3000个对照细胞和沉默ACAT1细胞，每孔加入200μL含10％ FBS的培养基。孵育指定时间后，每孔加入10μL CCK8试剂，在培养箱中孵育2h后，根据CCK8试剂盒的制造商说明记录450nm处的吸光度，考察ACAT1沉默后对结直肠癌细胞增殖的影响。结果显示与对照组相比，沉默ACAT1可以显著抑制结直肠癌细胞的增殖能力，见图2B。
(3)沉默ACAT1对结直肠癌细胞集落形成能力的影响
在12孔板的每个孔中接种1000个对照细胞和沉默ACAT1细胞，每孔加入1mL含10％FBS的培养基，待培养结束后，弃去12孔板各孔中的培养基，用PBS清洗各孔2-3遍。用移液枪吸尽孔板中的PBS，在室温条件下，每孔加入1mL甲醇固定15min。固定结束后，用PBS清洗2遍。尽量吸尽孔中残留的PBS，每孔加入1mL 0.4％(0.4g/100mL)的结晶紫染液染色15min。染色结束后用PBS进行漂洗，进行图像拍摄并观察ACAT1沉默对结直肠癌细胞集落形成能力的影响。结果显示与对照组相比，沉默ACAT1可以显著抑制结直肠癌细胞的集落形成能力，见图2C。
实施例3ACAT1对结直肠癌细胞侵袭转移能力的影响：
通过Transwell侵袭实验考察沉默ACAT1对结直肠癌细胞侵袭转移能力的影响。将200μl含有5×104个细胞的无血清培养基悬液加入至Transwell小室上室，24孔培养板下室内加入600μL含10％ FBS培养基。置于培养箱中培养48h，结束后取出小室，PBS淋洗2遍，用棉签小心擦去小室微孔膜上层内的细胞，用4％多聚甲醛(4g/100mL)固定20min，结晶紫染液染色15min，倒置显微镜下拍照并统计分析。结果显示与对照组相比，沉默ACAT1可以显著抑制结直肠癌细胞的侵袭能力，见图3A。进一步通过Western blot实验检测侵袭转移标志蛋白E-cadherin、MMP9以及Vimentin的表达情况，结果显示沉默ACAT1后，结直肠癌细胞中MMP9以及Vimentin蛋白表达呈现显著下降趋势，而E-cadherin蛋白表达呈现明显的上升趋势，见图3B。
实施例4沉默ACAT1抑制异种移植瘤模型中结直肠癌细胞的体内生长：
(1)稳定干扰ACAT1表达的结直肠癌细胞系的构建
首先利用含有ACAT1特异性的shRNA和对照shRNA的慢病毒载体包装成的慢病毒有效感染结直肠癌细胞HCT 116，并通过嘌呤霉素筛选，进而构建稳定干扰ACAT1表达的结直肠癌细胞系。接下来，将构建的稳定细胞株通过裸鼠皮下移植瘤实验考察沉默ACAT1表达对结直肠癌细胞体内成瘤过程的影响。
(2)沉默ACAT1抑制皮下移植瘤模型中肿瘤的生长
选取4-6周龄雄性BALB/c Nude小鼠，适应性饲养一周后随机分为两组(n＝5)。将处于对数生长期的对照细胞和ACAT1沉默细胞消化并收集至离心管中，用PBS清洗两次后再用PBS重悬，使细胞悬液终浓度为1×107个/mL。在裸鼠腋窝处经皮下注射100μL细胞悬液。成瘤后每隔2天记录肿瘤的长度和宽度。根据以下公式计算肿瘤体积：体积＝(长×宽2)/2。接种28天后安乐处死小鼠，取出肿瘤组织后拍照记录，并测量肿瘤组织重量，结果显示与对照组肿瘤组织相比，沉默ACAT1组的肿瘤组织不论是在外观、重量和体积上都相对较小，见图4A-C。通过Western blot和qRT-PCR实验验证肿瘤组织中ACAT1的沉默效率，结果显示与对照组相比，沉默组组织中ACAT1的表达显著降低，见图4D-E。通过免疫组化染色实验检测肿瘤组织中Ki67蛋白表达，结果显示与对照组相比，沉默组肿瘤组织中Ki67蛋白表达显著降低，见图4F。
实施例5沉默ACAT1在尾静脉注射肺转移模型中抑制小鼠体内肿瘤侵袭转移：
选取4-6周龄雄性NOD/SCID小鼠，适应性饲养一周后随机分为两组(n＝5)。将处于对数生长期的Luciferase标记的对照细胞和ACAT1沉默细胞消化并收集至离心管中，用PBS清洗两次后用PBS重悬，使细胞悬液终浓度为1×107个/mL。将细胞悬液通过尾静脉接种小鼠,每只注射100μL。接种后通过小动物活体成像监测细胞的肺转移能力，结果显示与对照组相比，ACAT1沉默组小鼠肺转移生长减少，见图5A-B。HE染色结果显示与对照细胞相比，ACAT1沉默细胞产生的肺转移灶数量和大小显著减少，见图5C。
综上所述：本发明实施例提供了一种ACAT1基因或蛋白在调控结直肠癌增殖和转移中的应用，证明该ACAT1基因或蛋白在结直肠癌组织和细胞中高表达，体内外功能实验结果表明沉默ACAT1表达可有效抑制结直肠癌细胞增殖、细胞集落形成和侵袭转移的能力，进而达到实现抑制结直肠癌的目的，对结直肠癌小分子靶向药物的研发具有重要意义。
以上所描述的实施例是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。本发明的实施例的详细描述并非旨在限制要求保护的本发明的范围，而是仅仅表示本发明的选定实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
Claims (2)
1.一种产品，其特征在于，该产品的活性成分为用于抑制或干扰乙酰辅酶A酰基转移酶1 ACAT1基因表达的物质或用于降低乙酰辅酶A酰基转移酶1 ACAT1蛋白含量和/或活性的物质；所述的用于抑制或干扰乙酰辅酶A酰基转移酶1 ACAT1基因表达的物质为乙酰辅酶A酰基转移酶1 ACAT1基因干扰慢病毒，干扰乙酰辅酶A酰基转移酶1 ACAT1基因表达所采用的ACAT1-shRNA慢病毒载体的oligo序列如下所示：
shACAT1-1：CCGGGCCACTAAGCTTGGTTCCATTCTCGAGAATGGAACCAAGCTTAGTGGCTTTTTG
shACAT1-2：CCGGCGAAATGAACAGGACGCTTATCTCGAGATAAGCGTCCTGTTCATTTCGTTTTTG。
2.权利要求1所述的产品在制备药物中的用途，所述的药物具有如下（a1）~（a4）中的至少一种应用，
（a1）抑制结直肠癌细胞增殖；
（a2）抑制结直肠癌细胞集落形成；
（a3）抑制结直肠癌细胞侵袭转移；
（a4）预防或治疗结直肠癌。
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107641647A (zh) * | 2017-10-11 | 2018-01-30 | 杭州普略生物科技有限公司 | Acat1基因及acat1基因或蛋白的干扰物的应用和应用干扰物的产品 |
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Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107641647A (zh) * | 2017-10-11 | 2018-01-30 | 杭州普略生物科技有限公司 | Acat1基因及acat1基因或蛋白的干扰物的应用和应用干扰物的产品 |
Non-Patent Citations (4)
| Title |
|---|
| ACAT1基因干扰对人结肠癌细胞增殖及侵袭转移的影响;陈心等;《实用医学杂志》;第33卷(第7期);1074-1077 * |
| Insulin promotes progression of colon cancer by upregulation of ACAT1;Xin Chen等;《Lipids Health Dis.》;第17卷(第1期);122 * |
| TLR4 siRNA inhibits proliferation and invasion in colorectal cancer cells by downregulating ACAT1 expression;Kai Ye,等;《Life Sciences》;第155卷;133-139 * |
| 陈心等.ACAT1基因干扰对人结肠癌细胞增殖及侵袭转移的影响.《实用医学杂志》.2017,第33卷(第7期),1074-1077. * |
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