CN115500239A - Disease-preventing insect-preventing roof greening grass planting blanket prepared by taking fruit and vegetable wastes as raw materials - Google Patents
Disease-preventing insect-preventing roof greening grass planting blanket prepared by taking fruit and vegetable wastes as raw materials Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G20/00—Cultivation of turf, lawn or the like; Apparatus or methods therefor
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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- A01G24/30—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing synthetic organic compounds
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Abstract
The invention discloses a disease-preventing insect-preventing roof greening grass planting blanket prepared by taking fruit and vegetable wastes as raw materials, which sequentially comprises an isolation layer, a water-retaining layer, an organic matrix layer, a grass planting layer and a covering matrix layer from bottom to top; the isolating layer, the water-retaining layer, the organic matrix layer, the grass planting layer and the covering matrix layer respectively account for the total mass of the grass planting blanket in percentage: 10-15% of isolation layer, 15-25% of water-retaining layer, 35-50% of organic matrix layer, 5-10% of grass-planting layer and 5-10% of covering matrix layer. The invention provides an effective way for the resource utilization of urban fruit and vegetable wastes, and the process is simple and has strong reproducibility; the prepared grass planting blanket follows the natural environment-friendly degradable principle, and uses natural environment-friendly materials and biomass materials, so that pressure cannot be caused on the roof structure, and additional environmental influence cannot be caused; on the other hand, the grass planting blanket has the functions of water retention, grass strengthening, disease prevention and insect prevention, and is a multifunctional ecological cultivation carrier.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of urban greening, in particular to a disease-preventing insect-preventing roof greening grass blanket prepared by taking fruit and vegetable wastes as raw materials.
Background
With the acceleration of urbanization process, the improvement of living standard of people, the adjustment of dietary structure and the continuous innovation of agricultural production technology, the fruit and vegetable industry in China develops rapidly, the yield of fruit and vegetable wastes generated by leftovers of fruit and vegetable product processing factories, urban farmer markets, fresh supermarkets and the like increases day by day, and various negative influences can be caused to living environment of people if the fruits and vegetable wastes are not treated properly.
The treatment and resource utilization of fruit and vegetable wastes are one of the keys of the construction of waste-free cities and green cities, and the traditional fruit and vegetable waste treatment modes comprise incineration, landfill, aerobic composting, anaerobic digestion and the like. Among them, incineration and landfill easily bring secondary pollution to the air environment and soil environment, it is difficult to become mainstream under the era background of green development; anaerobic digestion is improved in technical theory, but the problems of fuzzy marginal conditions, complex treatment procedures, huge investment cost, immature profit modes and the like are still faced during application; aerobic composting is a mature treatment mode in the prior art, but the end product of the aerobic composting is not available in cities, is mostly used for rural agricultural planting, has higher transportation cost and unstable profit level.
On the other hand, the construction of the sponge city is the top game of the urban construction in China, the urban greening can store and purify rainwater, the key ring for solving the problem of rainwater non-point source pollution and water body circulation is realized, and meanwhile, the urban greening area expansion can effectively reduce the negative environmental influences of urban waste gas, dust, noise and the like. The influence brought by rapid urbanization is that the greening area of the ground is limited, the sponge city needs to develop three-dimensional greening vigorously on the basis of improving the ground greening, and roof greening is the preferred entry point.
The current common roof greening technology is to lay traditional lawn bricks, fill culture medium made of single material into the grooves of the lawn bricks, and transplant the cultured grass seedlings into the lawn bricks. The lawn bricks laid in the mode are large in mass and difficult to degrade, and can easily cause pressure on building roofs after long-term use; the process of cultivating and transplanting the grass seedlings occupies large-area land resources, destroys the ecological conditions of the original cultivation land and has higher labor cost; the used culture medium mainly comprises single wood chips, rice hulls, vermiculite and the like, has low nutrient content, does not have an effective disease and pest prevention means, and has a general lawn survival rate.
Therefore, it is highly desirable to provide a solution that combines the fruit and vegetable waste treatment with roof greening construction to solve the problems of both the conventional fruit and vegetable waste treatment and the roof greening using lawn tiles.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a disease-preventing insect-preventing roof greening grass blanket prepared by taking fruit and vegetable wastes as raw materials, which aims to solve the problems.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows:
a disease-preventing insect-preventing roof greening grass planting blanket prepared by taking fruit and vegetable wastes as raw materials is formed into a multilayer structure, and comprises an isolation layer, a water-retaining layer, an organic matrix layer, a grass planting layer and a covering matrix layer from bottom to top in sequence; the isolating layer, the water-retaining layer, the organic matrix layer, the grass planting layer and the covering matrix layer respectively account for the total mass percentage of the grass planting blanket as follows: 10-15% of isolation layer, 15-25% of water-retaining layer, 35-50% of organic matrix layer, 5-10% of grass-planting layer and 5-10% of covering matrix layer.
Further, the isolation layer comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 40% of coconut shell fiber, 20% of bagasse fiber, 20% of bamboo fiber, 10% of straw fiber and 10% of carrageenan.
Further, the coconut fibers, the bagasse fibers, the bamboo fibers, the straw fibers and the carrageenan are mixed and pressed into a fixed blanket-shaped structure.
Further, the water retention layer comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 85-90% of water-absorbent resin, 5-10% of carrageenan and 3-5% of macroelement liquid fertilizer.
Further, lay flatly on the isolation layer after absorbent resin, carragheen and the fertile suppression of macroelement liquid form and protect the water layer, just it sews up through degradable fiber line with the isolation layer to protect water layer.
Further, the organic matrix layer comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 35-45% of fruit and vegetable waste rotten clinker, 15-25% of sawdust and/or bamboo dust, 10-15% of bagasse, 5-10% of diatomite, 10% of carrageenan, 5% of plant growth regulator, 1-2% of water-retaining agent and 1-2% of compound microbial agent.
Further, the fruit and vegetable waste rotten clinker is prepared by the following method: the fruit and vegetable waste is processed by the processes of manual sorting, crushing, washing for desalting, squeezing for dewatering, aerobic fermentation in a biological fermentation bin and secondary fermentation and decomposition in a decomposition tank to form the fruit and vegetable waste decomposed material.
Further, the plant growth regulator is one or more of brassin, pyrimidineol and chlormequat chloride; the water-retaining agent is a starch grafted acrylate water-retaining agent and/or a biological water-retaining agent; the compound microbial agent comprises at least two of bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis, bacillus polymyxa, bacillus megaterium, pseudomonas aeruginosa and trichoderma harzianum.
Further, the organic matrix layer is prepared by the following method: fully stirring and mixing the fruit and vegetable waste rotten clinker, the wood chips and/or the bamboo chips, the bagasse, the diatomite and the water-retaining agent according to a proportion, then respectively inoculating a plant growth regulator and a compound microbial agent, and uniformly paving the mixture on a water-retaining layer to fully press the mixture to form an organic matrix layer; the organic matrix layer and the water retention layer are sewed through degradable fiber threads.
Further, the grass planting layer is stem sections, transplanted seedlings or grass seeds of different grass seeds, is planted in grass planting holes dug in advance on the organic matrix layer and is covered by the covering matrix layer.
Further, the covering matrix layer comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 30-35% of fruit and vegetable waste rotten clinker and 65-70% of sawdust and/or bamboo chips.
Further, the grass blanket also comprises a shaping net, wherein the shaping net is made of plant fibers and is used for shaping the grass blanket.
The invention has the following beneficial effects: the roof greening grass blanket is prepared by taking the fruit and vegetable wastes as main raw materials, an effective way is provided for resource utilization of the urban fruit and vegetable wastes, the process is simple, the reproducibility is strong, and the basic concept of green low-carbon circulation of a waste-free city is met; the prepared grass planting blanket follows the natural environment-friendly degradable principle, and uses natural environment-friendly materials and biomass materials, so that pressure cannot be caused on the roof structure, and additional environmental influence cannot be caused; on the other hand, the grass planting blanket has the functions of water retention, grass strengthening, disease prevention and insect prevention, and is a multifunctional ecological cultivation carrier.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of the grass-planting blanket of the present invention.
The notation in the figures means: 1-an isolation layer; 2-water retention layer; 3-an organic matrix layer; 4-grass planting layer; 5-covering the substrate layer; 6-shaping the net.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is further described below with reference to the following embodiments and the accompanying drawings.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a disease-preventing insect-preventing roof greening grass planting blanket prepared by taking fruit and vegetable wastes as raw materials, and solves the problems existing in the traditional fruit and vegetable waste treatment and roof greening by using lawn bricks.
A disease-preventing insect-preventing roof greening grass planting blanket prepared by taking fruit and vegetable wastes as raw materials is formed into a multilayer structure and sequentially comprises an isolation layer 1, a water-retaining layer 2, an organic matrix layer 3, a grass planting layer 4 and a covering matrix layer 5 from bottom to top; the isolating layer 1, the water-retaining layer 2, the organic matrix layer 3, the grass planting layer 4 and the covering matrix layer 5 respectively account for the total mass of the grass planting blanket in percentage: 10-15% of isolation layer, 15-25% of water-retaining layer, 35-50% of organic matrix layer, 5-10% of grass-planting layer and 5-10% of covering matrix layer.
In the embodiment of the invention, the isolation layer, the water retention layer, the organic matrix layer, the grass planting layer and the covering matrix layer are all made of environment-friendly natural materials and degradable biological materials, so that the environment-friendly organic grass planting layer is low in cost, light in weight, low in pressure on a building roof and free of influence on the roof environment.
Specifically, the isolation layer 1 comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 40% of coconut shell fiber, 20% of bagasse fiber, 20% of bamboo fiber, 10% of straw fiber and 10% of carrageenan. Coconut husk fiber, bagasse fibre, bamboo fibre, straw fiber and carrageenan are through the physicochemical mixing processing after, the suppression forms fixed blanket column structure, and isolation layer pliability and intensity that from this obtains are higher, and the texture is lighter, degrades moreover along with the time, can not cause too much pressure to the building roof.
The water retention layer 2 comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 85-90% of water-absorbent resin, 5-10% of carrageenan and 3-5% of macroelement (nitrogen N, phosphorus P and potassium K) liquid fertilizer, wherein the water-absorbent resin, the carrageenan and the macroelement liquid fertilizer all belong to environment-friendly and nontoxic components. Resin, carrageenin and macroelement liquid fertilizer after mixing pave on the isolation layer and suppress and form guarantor's water layer, just guarantor's water layer passes through degradable fiber line with the isolation layer and sews up. The water retention layer can effectively preserve water and can continuously provide water and nutrient elements for the growth of the lawn.
The organic matrix layer 3 comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 35-45% of fruit and vegetable waste rotten clinker, 15-25% of sawdust and/or bamboo dust, 10-15% of bagasse, 5-10% of diatomite, 10% of carrageenan, 5% of plant growth regulator, 1-2% of water-retaining agent and 1-2% of compound microbial agent.
In this embodiment, the fruit and vegetable waste clinker is prepared by the following method: the fruit and vegetable waste is processed by the processes of manual sorting, crushing, washing for desalting, squeezing for dewatering, aerobic fermentation in a biological fermentation bin and secondary fermentation and decomposition in a decomposition tank to form the fruit and vegetable waste decomposed material, and the prepared fruit and vegetable waste decomposed material has the water content of about 30 percent, has no obvious peculiar smell and is similar to soil in shape.
The plant growth regulator is one or more of brassin, pyrimidineol and chlormequat chloride, can effectively control the height of a lawn, reduce trimming cost, promote plant tillering, strengthen stems, increase the leaf color and green, and can also effectively increase the drought and waterlogging resistance of the plants.
The water-retaining agent is a starch grafted acrylate water-retaining agent and/or a biological water-retaining agent, and is used for inhibiting water evaporation in an organic matrix layer and reducing water permeation and loss, so that the purpose of water retention is achieved.
The compound microbial agent comprises at least two of bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis, bacillus polymyxa, bacillus megaterium, pseudomonas aeruginosa and trichoderma harzianum, and can promote plant growth and effectively inhibit the occurrence of common plant diseases and insect pests in the growth process of a lawn.
The organic matrix layer is prepared by the following method: after fully stirring and mixing the fruit and vegetable waste rotten clinker, the wood chips and/or the bamboo chips, the bagasse, the diatomite and the water-retaining agent according to a proportion, respectively inoculating a plant growth regulator and a compound microbial agent, uniformly paving the mixture on a water-retaining layer, fully pressing to form an organic matrix layer, and sewing the organic matrix layer and the water-retaining layer through degradable fiber threads. Preferably, the organic matrix layer after being pressed and formed is dug with grass planting holes according to different design requirements to provide grass planting space.
The grass planting layer 4 is stem sections, transplanted seedlings or grass seeds of different grass seeds. The grass planting layer is planted in grass planting holes dug in advance on the organic matrix layer and is covered by the covering matrix layer.
The covering substrate layer 5 comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 30-35% of fruit and vegetable waste rotten clinker and 65-70% of sawdust and/or bamboo chips. The fruit and vegetable waste humus clinker is mixed with bamboo chips and/or wood chips and then is paved on a grass planting layer to form a covering matrix layer for filling and fixing the grass planting layer, and compared with the covering with soil, the covering matrix layer has better air permeability, is lighter, contains more organic matters and nutrients, and is more environment-friendly.
In an embodiment of the invention, the finished grass blanket may be shaped using a shaping net 6. The shaping net 6 is made of plant fiber, so that the shaping net 6 can not influence the environment after the grass-planting carpet is laid on the roof.
On the other hand, the isolation layer, the water retention layer, the organic matrix layer, the grass planting layer and the covering matrix layer of the grass planting blanket are fixedly connected in a pressing connection and fiber sewing mode and are fixed through the shaping net, so that the grass planting blanket fixed through the pressing connection, the fiber line sewing and the shaping net is light in texture, has certain flexibility and ductility and is convenient to transport and lay.
The disease-preventing insect-preventing roof greening grass blanket prepared by taking the fruit and vegetable wastes as the raw materials provides an effective way for resource utilization of the fruit and vegetable wastes, and can reduce the pressure of the increasing fruit and vegetable wastes in cities on the environment. The main raw material of the organic matrix layer in the grass planting blanket is the fruit and vegetable waste after aerobic fermentation and decomposition, the organic matters and nutrients contained in the fruit and vegetable waste are fully utilized by the planted lawn, and the resource recycling of the fruit and vegetable waste can be effectively realized; the grass planting blanket isolation layer and the sizing net for fixing the whole structure of the grass planting blanket are both made of raw materials with plant fibers as main bodies, the plant fibers mainly comprise bagasse fibers, coconut shell fibers and the like, and the waste materials after fruit and vegetable processing are reasonably and effectively utilized: the water-retaining layer of the grass blanket has strong water absorption and can continuously maintain the water and fertilizer supply in the growth process of the lawn, and the influence of extreme weather such as drought or rainstorm can be effectively coped with. Besides being rich in organic matters, the organic matrix layer is also added with a plurality of functional microbial inoculum plant growth regulators, which can effectively improve the growth condition of the lawn and enhance the vitality and the stress resistance of the lawn. The whole grass planting blanket is made of degradable light organic materials, and is light in weight, good in flexibility, easy to roll and convenient to transport. Different from the lawn bricks commonly used in the lawn industry, the grass planting blanket can be gradually degraded along with the lapse of time, can not bring long-term pressure to the roof structure of a building, and is a safe and environment-friendly roof greening mode.
The sequence of the above embodiments is only for convenience of description and does not represent the advantages and disadvantages of the embodiments.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A disease-preventing insect-preventing roof greening grass planting blanket prepared by taking fruit and vegetable wastes as raw materials is characterized in that the blanket is formed into a multi-layer structure and sequentially comprises an isolation layer, a water-retaining layer, an organic matrix layer, a grass planting layer and a covering matrix layer from bottom to top; the isolating layer, the water-retaining layer, the organic matrix layer, the grass planting layer and the covering matrix layer respectively account for the total mass of the grass planting blanket in percentage: 10-15% of isolation layer, 15-25% of water-retaining layer, 35-50% of organic matrix layer, 5-10% of grass-planting layer and 5-10% of covering matrix layer.
2. The disease-prevention insect-prevention roof greening grass blanket prepared by taking fruit and vegetable wastes as raw materials according to claim 1, wherein the isolation layer comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 40% of coconut shell fiber, 20% of bagasse fiber, 20% of bamboo fiber, 10% of straw fiber and 10% of carrageenan; the coconut shell fiber, the bagasse fiber, the bamboo fiber, the straw fiber and the carrageenan are mixed and pressed into a fixed blanket-shaped structure.
3. The disease-preventing insect-preventing roof greening grass blanket prepared by taking fruit and vegetable wastes as raw materials according to claim 1, wherein the water-retaining layer comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 85-90% of water-absorbent resin, 5-10% of carrageenan and 3-5% of macroelement liquid fertilizer; resin, carrageenin and macroelement liquid fertilizer after mixing pave on the isolation layer and suppress and form guarantor's water layer, just guarantor's water layer passes through degradable fiber line with the isolation layer and sews up.
4. The disease-prevention insect-prevention roof greening grass blanket prepared by taking fruit and vegetable wastes as raw materials according to claim 1, wherein the organic matrix layer comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 35-45% of fruit and vegetable waste rotten clinker, 15-25% of wood chips and/or bamboo chips, 10-15% of bagasse, 5-10% of diatomite, 10% of carrageenan, 5% of plant growth regulator, 1-2% of water-retaining agent and 1-2% of compound microbial agent.
5. The disease-prevention insect-prevention roof greening grass blanket prepared by taking fruit and vegetable wastes as raw materials according to claim 4, wherein the fruit and vegetable waste rotten clinker is prepared by the following method: the fruit and vegetable waste is processed by the processes of manual sorting, crushing, washing for desalting, squeezing for dewatering, aerobic fermentation in a biological fermentation bin and secondary fermentation and decomposition in a decomposition tank to form the fruit and vegetable waste decomposed material.
6. The disease-preventing insect-preventing roof greening grass blanket prepared by taking fruit and vegetable wastes as raw materials according to claim 4, wherein the plant growth regulator is one or more of brassin, pyrimidineol and chlormequat chloride; the water-retaining agent is a starch grafted acrylate water-retaining agent and/or a biological water-retaining agent; the compound microbial agent comprises at least two of bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis, bacillus polymyxa, bacillus megaterium, pseudomonas aeruginosa and trichoderma harzianum.
7. The disease-preventing insect-preventing roof greening grass blanket prepared by taking fruit and vegetable wastes as raw materials according to claim 4, wherein the organic matrix layer is prepared by the following method: fully stirring and mixing the fruit and vegetable waste rotten clinker, the wood chips and/or the bamboo chips, the bagasse, the diatomite and the water-retaining agent according to a proportion, then respectively inoculating a plant growth regulator and a compound microbial agent, and uniformly paving the mixture on a water-retaining layer to fully press the mixture to form an organic matrix layer; the organic matrix layer and the water retention layer are sewed through degradable fiber threads.
8. The disease-preventing insect-preventing roof greening grass planting blanket prepared by taking fruit and vegetable wastes as raw materials as claimed in claim 1, wherein the grass planting layer is stem sections, transplanted seedlings or grass seeds of different grass species, is planted in grass planting holes dug in advance on the organic matrix layer, and is covered by the covering matrix layer.
9. The disease-prevention insect-prevention roof greening grass blanket prepared by taking fruit and vegetable wastes as raw materials according to claim 1, wherein the covering matrix layer comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 30-35% of fruit and vegetable waste rotten clinker and 65-70% of sawdust and/or bamboo chips.
10. The disease-preventing and insect-preventing roof greening grass planting blanket prepared by taking fruit and vegetable wastes as raw materials as claimed in claim 1, wherein the grass planting blanket further comprises a shaping net, and the shaping net is made of plant fibers and is used for shaping the grass planting blanket.
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