CN114409444A - Method for preparing bio-organic fertilizer by taking pre-meal garbage as raw material - Google Patents
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- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 7
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- 239000003876 biosurfactant Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 230000000593 degrading effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N dialuminum;dioxosilane;oxygen(2-);hydrate Chemical compound O.[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3].O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/20—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation using specific microorganisms or substances, e.g. enzymes, for activating or stimulating the treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D5/00—Fertilisers containing magnesium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/50—Treatments combining two or more different biological or biochemical treatments, e.g. anaerobic and aerobic treatment or vermicomposting and aerobic treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for preparing a bio-organic fertilizer by taking pre-meal garbage as a raw material, which comprises the following steps: s1, preparing a fermented compost composite microbial inoculum: the compound microbial agent comprises bacillus subtilis, trichoderma viride, azotobacter chroococcum, pseudomonas aeruginosa, bacillus amyloliquefaciens, aspergillus oryzae and saccharomycetes; s2, performing aerobic fermentation treatment on the garbage before meals; s3, decomposing the secondary compost; s4, preparing a passivating agent substance: uniformly mixing 6 parts of biochar and 4 parts of sepiolite; s5, uniformly mixing the prepared substances S3 and S4 to obtain a first mixed substance, uniformly mixing the first mixed substance and the soil according to the proportion of 5:1, placing the mixture in a ventilated place, standing and balancing for 3-7 days to obtain a second mixed substance; s6, establishing an AMF-plant joint symbiosis system: and (3) preparing strain activation and propagation culture of AMF, adding the propagated AMF into the second mixture prepared in S5, and uniformly stirring to prepare the bio-organic fertilizer.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural application, and particularly relates to a method for preparing a bio-organic fertilizer by taking pre-meal garbage as a raw material.
Background
In recent years, with the development of scientific and technological economy and industrialization of China, the discharge amount of various heavy metals in the environment is continuously kept at a higher level, and in addition, the vast members of China and abundant metal mineral resources exist, researches show that the land area polluted by the heavy metals in China can reach 140 hectares, wherein the farmland proportion is about 1/4, so the problem of heavy metal soil pollution of the farmland in China is serious at present. Among them, Cadmium (Cd) pollution is becoming an increasingly serious and troublesome environmental problem, which has attracted attention of many scholars worldwide. Cd is widely distributed in a soil environment, has strong mobility, is easy to enrich in organisms, and has violent and lasting toxic action. At present, due to unreasonable discharge of industrial wastewater and sewage irrigation, a large amount of cultivated land in China is polluted by various heavy metals, so that crops growing on the polluted land are also influenced to different degrees, the quality of agricultural products is seriously threatened, and further the health of human bodies is threatened.
In the mycorrhizal symbiont, the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi can improve the absorption of the plants to soil nutrients and mineral elements through a huge hypha network of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, and the hypha in the soil has the functions of intercepting and absorbing heavy metals and can enhance the tolerance and resistance of the plants under adverse environmental conditions.
Sepiolite (sepiolite) was named by german scholars wiener in 1789, which means german "sea foam". The sepiolite belongs to clay minerals which are widely distributed in the environment and comprise attapulgite, vermiculite, zeolite, montmorillonite, palygorskite, bentonite, diatomite, kaolin and the like, and is characterized in that structural layers have charges and huge specific surface area and the like. The sepiolite reduces the heavy metal form in the soil through the reactions of adsorption, coordination, coprecipitation and the like. Biochar is a solid substance obtained by thermally cracking raw materials under the anoxic or anoxic condition, and the raw materials mainly comprise industrial and agricultural wastes such as straws, woods and the like and urban living organic wastes (garbage and sludge). As an adsorbent, the activated carbon is widely applied to the restoration of heavy metals such as Cd, Cu, Pb and Hg, mainly because the activated carbon has large specific surface area, high adsorbability and low cost, and restores polluted farmlands by improving the pH value of soil to change the form of the heavy metals. The compounding of the biochar and the organic fertilizer can obviously reduce the content of the heavy metal in the soil in an effective state. By applying the sepiolite and the biochar, the pH value of soil can be effectively increased, and the migration of heavy metals in farmland soil is reduced.
Generally, the bio-organic fertilizer combined with the passivation technology can make up for the deficiencies, has the advantages of obvious effect, economic feasibility, small negative influence on ecological effect and the like, but also has some disadvantages in the implementation process, which are mainly shown in the following steps:
(1) the preparation process is long and complicated, the process steps are many, and a certain time is needed. Both strain propagation and fermentation composting have time limitations.
(2) Under an acidic environment or after a certain period of time, the bioactivity of the passivated heavy metal is increased again, the carbonate-bound heavy metal may be released into the soil environment again along with the change of pH, and the passivating agent cannot fundamentally solve the problem that the heavy metal pollutes the soil, and even may affect the availability of the bio-organic fertilizer.
In natural habitat, especially in heavy metal soil ecological environment, there are too many uncertain factors, and specific implementation may cause that different microorganisms have certain antagonism.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the technical problems, the invention provides a method for preparing a bio-organic fertilizer by taking pre-meal garbage as a raw material, which is used for preparing a special bio-organic fertilizer suitable for heavy metal polluted farmland soil by adding a proper amount of mycorrhizal fungi and passivator substances after a series of treatments such as microbial aerobic fermentation and composting.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for preparing a bio-organic fertilizer by taking pre-meal garbage as a raw material comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing a fermented compost composite microbial inoculum: the compound microbial agent comprises bacillus subtilis, trichoderma viride, azotobacter chroococcum, pseudomonas aeruginosa, bacillus amyloliquefaciens, aspergillus oryzae and saccharomycetes;
s2, aerobic fermentation treatment of the garbage before meals: sorting the pre-meal garbage, removing impurities including glass, plastics and metal, extruding, dehydrating and crushing, when the water content of the material is 55-65% and the particle size is 2-3cm, putting the material into a container, mixing the material with the fermented compost composite microbial inoculum prepared in S1, and performing aerobic fermentation, wherein the environment condition suitable for the propagation and growth of microorganisms is achieved in the container by controlling the temperature and stirring without stopping ventilation;
s3, secondary compost decomposition treatment: stacking the raw materials prepared in the step S2 into a ventilated site for film-covering composting, controlling the composting temperature to be about 65-75 ℃, ventilating a pipeline, turning the compost at intervals, keeping the composting time about 20-40 days, and balancing after the composting is finished so that the raw materials are gradually cooled and completely decomposed;
s4, preparing a passivating agent substance: uniformly mixing 6 parts of biochar and 4 parts of sepiolite;
s5, uniformly mixing the prepared substances S3 and S4 to obtain a first mixed substance, uniformly mixing the first mixed substance and the soil according to the proportion of 5:1, placing the mixture in a ventilated place, standing and balancing for 3-7 days to obtain a second mixed substance;
s6, establishing an AMF-plant joint symbiosis system: and (3) preparing strain activation and propagation culture of AMF, adding the propagated AMF into the second mixed substance prepared in S5, and uniformly stirring to prepare the bio-organic fertilizer.
Preferably, the pre-meal garbage comprises at least one of vegetable leaves, melon and fruit peels or sugarcane waste residues.
Preferably, the fermented compost composite microbial inoculum in the S1 comprises the following components in parts by weight: 2 parts of bacillus subtilis, 2 parts of trichoderma viride, 1 part of azotobacter chroococcum, 0.5 part of pseudomonas aeruginosa, 1.5 parts of aspergillus oryzae and 2 parts of saccharomycetes.
Preferably, in S2, the temperature is controlled to be 50-60 ℃, and the preliminary aerobic fermentation treatment is completed after 2-3 days.
The invention has the following beneficial effects: the technology of the invention is efficient and clear, and provides more reliable precondition for realizing resource utilization of kitchen waste and repairing and cultivating polluted farmland in China. The method provides a technical means of applying common microorganisms to the pre-meal garbage and combining the simultaneous application of mycorrhizal fungi and passivant, can effectively improve the soil nutrient content, improve the soil physicochemical property, increase the soil water retention, obviously increase the soil pH value, reduce the soil heavy metal active state activity, reduce the migration of the soil heavy metal active state activity to the crop body, reduce the absorption of the plant root system to the heavy metal, promote the growth and development of the plant or the crop, has obvious effect and can be popularized in a large area.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The method for preparing the bio-organic fertilizer by taking the pre-meal garbage as the raw material comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing a fermentation compost composite microbial agent, wherein the composite microbial agent comprises bacillus subtilis, trichoderma viride, azotobacter chroococcum, pseudomonas aeruginosa, bacillus amyloliquefaciens, aspergillus oryzae and saccharomycetes.
In a specific application example, the composite microbial inoculum for the fermented compost is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 2 parts of bacillus subtilis, 2 parts of trichoderma viride, 1 part of azotobacter chroococcum, 0.5 part of pseudomonas aeruginosa, 1.5 parts of aspergillus oryzae and 2 parts of saccharomycetes. By the ratio of the microbial inoculum, the microbial inoculum for degrading starch, protein and sugar and producing biosurfactant can be compounded, which is beneficial to complete the aerobic fermentation composting process more comprehensively and rapidly.
S2, aerobic fermentation treatment of the garbage before meals: sorting the pre-meal garbage, removing impurities including glass, plastics and metal, extruding, dehydrating and crushing, when the water content of the material is 55-65% and the particle size is 2-3cm, putting the material into a container, mixing the material with the fermented compost composite microbial inoculum prepared in S1, and performing aerobic fermentation, wherein the environment condition suitable for the propagation and growth of microorganisms is achieved in the container by controlling the temperature and stirring without stopping ventilation. Through the technical characteristics, when the materials after being sieved, extruded, dehydrated and crushed are subjected to aerobic fermentation, the water content and the particle fineness of the materials are favorable for creating a microbial aerobic fermentation environment and promoting the aerobic fermentation process.
In a specific application example, the pre-meal garbage mainly comprises at least one of vegetable leaves, melon and fruit peels or sugarcane waste residues. Compared with the postprandial garbage mainly comprising leftovers and leftovers, the pre-meal garbage almost does not contain oil salt, and has unique advantages in the aspect of preparing the bio-organic fertilizer.
In the specific application example, in S2, the temperature is controlled to be 50-60 ℃, and the preliminary aerobic fermentation treatment is completed after 2-3 days.
S3, secondary compost decomposition treatment: stacking the raw materials prepared in the step S2 into a ventilation field for film-covering composting, controlling the composting temperature to be about 65-75 ℃, ventilating a pipeline, turning the pile at intervals, and keeping the composting time for about 20-40 days, and then balancing to gradually cool the raw materials and completely decompose the raw materials. Through film-covering composting, sufficient oxygen is introduced, which is beneficial to the microorganisms to complete the degradation task well within the optimum temperature until the materials are completely decomposed.
In a specific application example, the balance time is about 15 days. The balance means keeping ventilation and normal temperature.
S4, preparing a passivating agent substance: uniformly mixing 6 parts of biochar and 4 parts of sepiolite; different passivator substances are mixed in proportion to prepare the compound passivator, and the compound passivator can better inhibit the activity of heavy metals in soil after being applied.
S5, uniformly mixing the S3 and S4 preparation substances to obtain a first mixed substance, uniformly mixing the first mixed substance and soil, placing the mixture in a ventilated place, standing and balancing for 3-7 days to obtain a second mixed substance;
in a specific application example, the composite passivator is applied by 3kg per square meter or by 10g per kilogram soil.
S6, establishing an AMF-plant joint symbiosis system: and (3) preparing strain activation and propagation culture of AMF, adding the propagated AMF into the second mixed substance prepared in S5, and uniformly stirring to prepare the bio-organic fertilizer. The establishment of the mycorrhizal fungi-plant joint symbiosis system is favorable for promoting the absorption and utilization of mineral nutrient elements and water by the plant root system, and meanwhile, the hyphae outside and in the roots absorb and intercept heavy metals, so that the damage of the plants by the heavy metals is effectively avoided, and the utilization value of the decomposed organic fertilizer is increased.
In the specific application example, the bacterial activation and propagation culture process of AMF is as follows: placing sterilized soil in a sterilized flowerpot to about 1/3 deg.C, applying 10g of AMF strain, and covering with sterilized soil, wherein each pot weighs about 5 kg; taking the dew white about 1cm, and aseptically planting in the flowerpot. Quantitatively and regularly irrigating distilled water and nutrient solution; after 60 days, rhizosphere soil is taken as AMF propagation microbial inoculum soil to be applied to a field.
According to the technical scheme of the embodiment of the invention, the pre-meal garbage is used as a raw material, and after a series of treatments such as microbial aerobic fermentation and composting, a proper amount of mycorrhizal fungi and passivating agent substances are added to prepare the special biological organic fertilizer suitable for the heavy metal polluted farmland soil. Mainly focuses on fermenting and composting the pre-meal garbage by using a certain specific aerobic zymophyte, decomposing the pre-meal garbage into an organic fertilizer raw material, and then applying the organic fertilizer raw material together with a certain specific mycorrhizal fungus and a passivator substance. On one hand, the problem that the kitchen waste is difficult to treat is solved, and the kitchen waste is prepared into an organic fertilizer raw material meeting the nutritional standard; on the other hand, mycorrhiza-plant combined symbiota is established, so that the toxicity of heavy metals to crops is reduced, and hyphae are utilized to intercept and absorb the heavy metals in the soil; and secondly, biochar and sepiolite are compounded to passivate the heavy metal polluted soil, so that the content of the effective state of the heavy metal is reduced. The biological organic fertilizer prepared by the method is suitable for heavy metal polluted farmlands, and the pre-meal garbage is rich in nutrients after being efficiently treated, so that the problem of secondary pollution to the environment caused by improper treatment of the kitchen garbage is solved, and the biological organic fertilizer can be used as nutrient supply for recycling; the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi is easy to inoculate and high in colonization efficiency, and by combining the biochar and the sepiolite, the effective activity of heavy metals in soil can be remarkably reduced on the premise of promoting the remarkable growth of crops and increasing the yield of the crops, the edible safety of agricultural products is improved, and the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi conforms to the current national conditions of the agricultural countries in China. Meanwhile, hypha can obviously improve soil property, prevent soil hardening, improve the water retention of farmland soil, promote the absorption of plant root systems to nutrients and water and improve the availability of polluted farmlands.
It is to be understood that the exemplary embodiments described herein are illustrative and not restrictive. While one or more embodiments of the present invention have been described, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined by the following claims.
Claims (4)
1. A method for preparing a bio-organic fertilizer by taking pre-meal garbage as a raw material is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, preparing a fermented compost composite microbial inoculum: the compound microbial agent comprises bacillus subtilis, trichoderma viride, azotobacter chroococcum, pseudomonas aeruginosa, bacillus amyloliquefaciens, aspergillus oryzae and saccharomycetes;
s2, aerobic fermentation treatment of the garbage before meals: sorting the pre-meal garbage, removing impurities including glass, plastics and metal, extruding, dehydrating and crushing, when the water content of the material is 55-65% and the particle size is 2-3cm, putting the material into a container, mixing the material with the fermented compost composite microbial inoculum prepared in S1, and performing aerobic fermentation, wherein the environment condition suitable for the propagation and growth of microorganisms is achieved in the container by controlling the temperature and stirring without stopping ventilation;
s3, secondary compost decomposition treatment: stacking the raw materials prepared in the step S2 into a ventilated site for film-covering composting, controlling the composting temperature to be about 65-75 ℃, ventilating a pipeline, turning the compost at intervals, keeping the composting time about 20-40 days, and balancing after the composting is finished so that the raw materials are gradually cooled and completely decomposed;
s4, preparing a passivating agent substance: uniformly mixing 6 parts of biochar and 4 parts of sepiolite;
s5, uniformly mixing the prepared substances S3 and S4 to obtain a first mixed substance, uniformly mixing the first mixed substance and the soil according to the proportion of 5:1, placing the mixture in a ventilated place, standing and balancing for 3-7 days to obtain a second mixed substance;
s6, establishing an AMF-plant joint symbiosis system: and (3) preparing strain activation and propagation culture of AMF, adding the propagated AMF into the second mixed substance prepared in S5, and uniformly stirring to prepare the bio-organic fertilizer.
2. The method for preparing the bio-organic fertilizer by using the pre-meal garbage as the raw material according to claim 1, wherein the pre-meal garbage comprises at least one of vegetable leaves, melon and fruit peels or sugarcane waste residues.
3. The method for preparing the bio-organic fertilizer by taking the pre-meal garbage as the raw material as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the fermented compost composite microbial inoculum in S1 comprises the following components in parts by weight: 2 parts of bacillus subtilis, 2 parts of trichoderma viride, 1 part of azotobacter chroococcum, 0.5 part of pseudomonas aeruginosa, 1.5 parts of aspergillus oryzae and 2 parts of saccharomycetes.
4. The method for preparing bio-organic fertilizer from pre-meal garbage as raw material according to claim 1 or 2, wherein in S2, the temperature is controlled at 50-60 ℃, and the preliminary aerobic fermentation treatment is completed after 2-3 days.
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