CN115500238A - Method for improving phosphogypsum yard soil by using waste straws - Google Patents
Method for improving phosphogypsum yard soil by using waste straws Download PDFInfo
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- CN115500238A CN115500238A CN202211123797.5A CN202211123797A CN115500238A CN 115500238 A CN115500238 A CN 115500238A CN 202211123797 A CN202211123797 A CN 202211123797A CN 115500238 A CN115500238 A CN 115500238A
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Images
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Conditioners And Soil-Stabilizing Materials (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a method for improving the soil of a phosphogypsum yard by using waste straws, which specifically comprises the following steps: s1: mixing phosphogypsum powder and alkaline soil according to a certain mass ratio to obtain pretreated phosphogypsum; s2: mixing the pretreated phosphogypsum with straw powder, and spraying a composite bacterial liquid to obtain a primary soil-like matrix; s3: introducing pioneer plants into the primary soil-like matrix to obtain a medium soil-like matrix; s4: introducing common plants into the medium soil-like matrix to obtain the high soil-like matrix. The method has the advantages that the phosphogypsum yard can be subjected to soil formation, the agricultural waste straw is efficiently utilized, the problem of stockpiling a large amount of phosphogypsum and agricultural waste straw is solved, the method has great practical significance for environmental ecological protection and comprehensive utilization of resources, and the method has the advantages of simple process, high treatment efficiency, greenness, ecology and low cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of resource integration utilization and ecological restoration, in particular to a method for improving the soil of a phosphogypsum yard by using waste straws.
Background
Phosphogypsum is a by-product obtained by decomposing phosphorite with sulfuric acid in the production process of wet-process phosphoric acid, and in addition, contains harmful impurities such as phosphorus, fluorine and the like. A large amount of phosphogypsum in China is still mainly stockpiled, the stockpiling of the phosphogypsum not only occupies a large amount of land, but also causes soluble phosphorus, fluorine and the like contained in the phosphogypsum to enter soil, surface water and underground water after long-time stockpiling, thereby causing serious environmental problems. Meanwhile, the phosphogypsum is different from common soil and conventional metal tailings, has great discreteness, and the vertical permeability coefficient is greater than the horizontal permeability coefficient, so that karst caves and ditches are easy to appear in a storage yard, and further the safety problem is caused. Aiming at the environmental problems caused by the release of soluble phosphorus and soluble fluorine in a phosphogypsum yard, the realization of harmless treatment, soil improvement and ecological utilization of the phosphogypsum is crucial to the healthy development of the phosphorus chemical industry chain under the background of increasingly strict environmental protection supervision and energy structure transformation.
Aiming at the problems that the existing research and report on the harmless treatment of the phosphogypsum mainly concentrates on utilizing and improving the traditional method for treating the phosphogypsum, and the traditional method has the defects of single benefit, complex process, higher energy consumption, secondary pollution and the like. At present, research on realizing phosphogypsum soil formation by combining phosphogypsum and agricultural straw with efficient biomass degrading bacteria is not found.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a method for improving the soil of a phosphogypsum yard by using waste straws, and aims to solve the problems in the prior art.
The technical scheme for solving the technical problems is as follows:
a method for improving the soil of a phosphogypsum yard by using waste straws specifically comprises the following steps:
s1: mixing phosphogypsum powder and alkaline soil according to a certain mass ratio to obtain pretreated phosphogypsum;
s2: mixing the pretreated phosphogypsum with straw powder, and spraying a composite bacterial liquid to obtain a primary soil-like matrix;
s3: introducing pioneer plants into the primary soil-like matrix to obtain a medium-grade soil-like matrix;
s4: introducing common plants into the medium soil-like matrix to obtain the high soil-like matrix.
The beneficial effects of the invention are: the method can realize the soil-oriented treatment of the phosphogypsum yard, efficiently utilizes the agricultural waste straws, solves the problem of stockpiling a large amount of phosphogypsum and agricultural waste straws, has great practical significance for environmental ecological protection and comprehensive utilization of resources, and has the advantages of simple process, high treatment efficiency, green ecology and low cost.
On the basis of the technical scheme, the invention can be improved as follows.
Further, the preparation method of the composite bacterial liquid further comprises S0 before S1, and the preparation method specifically comprises the following steps:
s01: respectively carrying out enrichment culture on the different separated and purified strains in a liquid culture medium to obtain enrichment culture solutions of different cellulose degrading bacteria;
s02: and (3) performing successive acclimation culture on the different enrichment culture solutions respectively to obtain acclimation culture solutions of different cellulose degrading bacteria, and mixing the different acclimation culture solutions according to a certain volume ratio to obtain a composite bacterial solution.
The method has the advantages of being simple in process and capable of quickly obtaining the composite bacterial liquid.
Further, the step S01 specifically includes the following steps:
s011: collecting saprophytic plants and surrounding soil samples, putting the saprophytic plants and the surrounding soil samples into a container according to the mass ratio of (1-2) to 1, and mixing and precipitating to obtain supernatant;
s012: putting the supernatant and the enrichment medium into a container according to the volume ratio (0.1-0.4): 1, placing the container in a constant temperature shaking table at 25-35 ℃ and carrying out shaking culture at the rotating speed of 160-200 r/min to obtain enrichment bacterial liquid;
s013: uniformly mixing the enriched bacterial liquid and the cellulose decomposition culture medium according to the volume ratio of 2 (5-10), and culturing for 3-7 days at the rotating speed of 160-200 r/min by using a constant temperature shaking table at 26-32 ℃ to obtain cellulose compound bacterial liquid;
s014: inoculating the cellulose compound bacterial liquid into a cellulolytic culture medium, performing inverted culture at 26-32 ℃ for 3-5 days to obtain colonies of cellulose degrading bacteria, selecting single colonies with different forms, and performing purified culture at 26-32 ℃ for 3-5 days by using a flat plate line drawing separation culture mode to obtain purified cellulolytic bacterial strains;
s015: inoculating the purified cellulose-degrading strain into a cellulose-degrading culture medium, performing inverted culture at 28-30 ℃ for 3-5 days, and screening out the cellulose-degrading strain with a transparent ring;
s016: inoculating the screened cellulose degrading strain into a liquid enzyme-producing culture medium, placing the liquid enzyme-producing culture medium in a constant-temperature shaking table at 26-32 ℃ and carrying out shake culture for 5-7 days at the rotating speed of 160-200 r/min, comparing the activity of the total cellulase in the culture solution and obtaining high-efficiency cellulose degrading bacteria;
s017: separating and screening strains of ceriporiopsis subvermispora, streptomyces, bacillus subtilis, trichoderma reesei, chaetomium and bacillus amyloliquefaciens, putting the strains screened by the expanded culture medium into a constant temperature shaking table at 26-32 ℃ and culturing for 5-7 days at the rotating speed of 180-220 r/min to obtain different enriched culture solutions after expanded culture.
The method has the advantages of simple process, capability of quickly obtaining different enrichment culture solutions, convenience and rapidness.
Further, the S02 specifically includes the following steps:
s021: inoculating the enriched culture solution of different cellulose-degrading bacteria into domestication culture medium containing straw powder and phosphogypsum, and subculturing and domesticating at 26-32 deg.C for 4-7 times until cellulose-degrading bacteria in each bacteria solutionTotal concentration of 10 7 -10 9 Per mL, obtaining different cellulose degradation bacteria solutions;
s022: respectively carrying out amplification culture on different cellulose degradation bacteria liquids, and mixing the cellulose degradation bacteria liquids according to a certain volume ratio to prepare a composite bacteria liquid.
The method has the advantages that the method is simple in process, different cellulose degradation bacterium solutions can be obtained by using the enrichment culture solution, then the cellulose degradation bacterium solutions are used for carrying out amplification culture, and the composite bacterium solution is obtained.
Further, in S1, phosphogypsum: and (3) mixing the alkaline soil according to the mass ratio of 1 (2-4).
The further scheme has the beneficial effects that the proportion is proper, so that the phosphogypsum and the alkaline soil can be better utilized, wastes can be treated by wastes, and the method is energy-saving and environment-friendly.
Further, the S2 specifically includes the following steps:
s21: mixing the pretreated phosphogypsum and the waste straw powder according to the mass ratio of 1: (1-3) putting the materials into a stirrer, and mixing for 2-10 hours at the rotating speed of 40-60 revolutions per minute to obtain the organophosphorus gypsum;
s22: the composite bacterial liquid is mixed by the following steps of 7-15L/(h.m) 2 ) The spraying speed is intermittently sprayed in the organic phosphorus gypsum for 1h at intervals of 1-2h, and after 15-60 days of growth and field planting, the primary soil-like matrix is obtained.
The method has the advantages that the process is simple, and the primary soil-like matrix is obtained by decomposing components in the primary soil by using the strains in the compound bacterial liquid.
Further, the S3 specifically includes the following steps:
and planting pioneer plants in the primary soil-like matrix in the S2, and performing field planting growth for 1-5 rounds to obtain a medium-grade soil-like matrix.
The adoption of the further scheme has the beneficial effects that the selection is reasonable, the pioneer plant has the characteristics of tenacious vitality, high growth speed, strong environmental resistance, developed root system and the like, and the ecological function of the phosphogypsum can be comprehensively improved through the physiological activity of the root system.
Further, in S3, the pioneer plant includes one or more of pteridium aquilinum and ryegrass.
The beneficial effects of adopting the further scheme are reasonable selection, common varieties and convenient material acquisition.
Further, the S4 specifically includes the following steps: and (3) planting common plants in the medium-grade soil matrix in the S3, and performing field planting growth for 1-5 rounds to obtain the high-grade soil matrix.
The further scheme has the beneficial effects of simple process, reasonable design and further improvement of the nutrition of the soil-like matrix.
Further, in S4, the common plant includes one or more of festuca arundinacea, bluegrass, medicago sativa, and lotus japonicus.
The beneficial effect of adopting the further scheme is that the common plants can promote the growth of the plants and exert physiological functions, and promote the formation of aggregates and the promotion of mineral nutrients.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram of the present invention.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", and the like, indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are used only for convenience in describing the present invention and for simplicity in description, and do not indicate or imply that the referenced devices or elements must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, are not to be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first", "second", etc. are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first," "second," etc. may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless otherwise specified.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art through specific situations.
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings in conjunction with embodiments.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, the embodiment provides a method for improving the soil of a phosphogypsum yard by using waste straws, which specifically comprises the following steps:
s1: mixing phosphogypsum powder and alkaline soil according to a certain mass ratio to obtain pretreated phosphogypsum;
s2: mixing the pretreated phosphogypsum with straw powder, and spraying a composite bacterial liquid to obtain a primary soil-like matrix;
s3: introducing pioneer plants into the primary soil-like matrix to obtain a medium soil-like matrix;
s4: introducing common plants into the medium soil-like matrix to obtain the high soil-like matrix.
The phosphogypsum storage yard can be subjected to soil formation, meanwhile, agricultural waste straws are efficiently utilized, the problem of storage of a large amount of phosphogypsum and agricultural waste straws is solved, the method has great practical significance for environmental ecological protection and resource recycling synthesis, and has the advantages of simple process, high treatment efficiency, greenness, ecology and low cost.
Example 2
On the basis of embodiment 1, in this embodiment, S0 is further included before S1, and the preparation of the composite bacterial liquid specifically includes the following steps:
s01: respectively carrying out enrichment culture on the different separated and purified strains in a liquid culture medium to obtain enrichment culture solutions of different cellulose degrading bacteria;
s02: and (3) performing successive acclimation culture on the different enrichment culture solutions respectively to obtain acclimation culture solutions of different cellulose degrading bacteria, and mixing the different acclimation culture solutions according to a certain volume ratio to obtain a composite bacterial solution.
The method has simple process, and can quickly obtain the composite bacterial liquid.
Example 3
On the basis of embodiment 2, in this embodiment, the S01 specifically includes the following steps:
s011: collecting saprophytic plants and surrounding soil samples, putting the saprophytic plants and the surrounding soil samples into a container according to the mass ratio of (1-2) to 1, and mixing and precipitating to obtain supernatant;
s012: putting the supernatant and the enrichment medium into a container according to the volume ratio (0.1-0.4): 1, placing the container in a constant temperature shaking table at 25-35 ℃ and carrying out shaking culture at the rotating speed of 160-200 r/min to obtain enrichment bacterial liquid;
s013: uniformly mixing the enriched bacterial liquid and the cellulolytic culture medium according to the volume ratio of 2 (5-10), and culturing for 3-7 days at the rotating speed of 160-200 revolutions per minute by using a constant temperature shaking table at 26-32 ℃ to obtain cellulose compound bacterial liquid;
s014: inoculating the cellulose compound bacterial liquid into a cellulolytic culture medium, carrying out inverted culture at 26-32 ℃ for 3-5 days to obtain bacterial colonies of cellulose degrading bacteria, selecting single bacterial colonies with different forms, and carrying out purified culture at 26-32 ℃ for 3-5 days by utilizing a flat plate line drawing separation culture mode to obtain a purified cellulolytic bacterial strain;
s015: inoculating the purified cellulose-degrading strain into a cellulose-degrading culture medium, performing inverted culture at 28-30 ℃ for 3-5 days, and screening out the cellulose-degrading strain with a transparent ring;
s016: inoculating the screened cellulose degrading strain into a liquid enzyme-producing culture medium, placing the liquid enzyme-producing culture medium in a constant-temperature shaking table at 26-32 ℃ and carrying out shake culture for 5-7 days at the rotating speed of 160-200 r/min, comparing the activity of the total cellulase in the culture solution and obtaining high-efficiency cellulose degrading bacteria;
s017: separating and screening strains of Ceriporiopsis subvermispora, streptomyces, bacillus subtilis, trichoderma reesei, chaetomium and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, placing the strains screened by the expanded culture medium in a constant temperature shaking table at 26-32 ℃ and at a rotating speed of 180-220 r/min for culturing for 5-7 days, and obtaining different enriched culture solutions after expanded culture.
The method has simple process, can quickly obtain different enrichment culture solutions, and is convenient and quick.
Preferably, in this embodiment, the high efficiency cellulose degrading bacteria are subjected to 16S rDNA identification and NCBI comparison (molecular identification), and after comparison, the separated and screened strains are determined to be: ceriporiopsis subvermispora, streptomycete, bacillus subtilis, trichoderma reesei, chaetomium cupreum, and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens.
Preferably, in this embodiment, the enrichment medium comprises: 2g/L K 2 HPO 4 、1.4g/L (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 、0.3g/L Mg SO 4 ·7H 2 O、0.3g/L Ca Cl 2 、5mg/L FeSO 4 ·7H 2 O、1.6 mg/L MnSO 4 、1.7mg/L ZnSO 4 And 2mg/L CoCl 2 The solvent is sterile water.
Preferably, in this embodiment, the cellulose hydrolysis medium comprises: 10g/L sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, 2g/L K 2 HPO 4 、0.5g/L MgSO 4 0.25g/L Congo red, 16g/L agar and 3g/L gelatin, and the solvent is sterile water.
Preferably, in this embodiment, the above-mentioned liquid enzyme production medium comprises: 5-10g/L sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and 1-2g/L NH 4 Cl、0.5-1g/L MgSO 4 ·7H 2 O、1-2g/L KH 2 PO 4 And 1-2g/L yeast extract powder, and the solvent is sterile water.
Preferably, in this embodiment, the components of the expanding culture medium are: 10g/L of tryptone, 5g/L of yeast extract and 10g/L of sodium chloride, and the solvent is sterile water.
Example 4
On the basis of any one of embodiment 2 to embodiment 3, in this embodiment, the step S02 specifically includes the following steps:
s021: inoculating enriched culture solution of different cellulose-degrading bacteria into domestication culture medium containing straw powder and phosphogypsum, and subculturing and domesticating at 26-32 deg.C for 4-7 times until total concentration of cellulose-degrading bacteria in each bacterial solution is 10 7 -10 9 Obtaining different cellulose degradation bacteria solutions per mL;
s022: respectively carrying out amplification culture on different cellulose degradation bacteria solutions, and mixing according to a certain volume ratio to prepare a composite bacteria solution.
The method has simple process, and can obtain different cellulose degradation bacteria solutions by using the enrichment culture solution, and then perform amplification culture by using different cellulose degradation bacteria solutions to obtain the compound bacteria solution.
Preferably, in this embodiment, the acclimatized liquid medium comprises: 1.0g/L KH 2 PO 4 、 0.3g/L MgSO 4 、0.1g/L NaCl、2.5g/L NaNO 3 、0.1/L CaCl 2 ·6H 2 O、0.01g/L FeCl 3 20g/L of straw powder and 10g/L of phosphogypsum powder, and the solvent is sterile water.
Preferably, in this embodiment, the strain of Ceriporiopsis subvermispora, streptomyces, bacillus subtilis, trichoderma reesei, chaetomium and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens in S022 is prepared into a composite bacterial liquid according to the volume ratio of 1 (1-3) to (2-4) to (1-3) to (2-4).
Example 5
On the basis of the above embodiments, in the embodiment, in the S1, phosphogypsum and alkaline soil are mixed according to the mass ratio of 1 (2-4).
The proportion is proper, so that the phosphogypsum and the alkaline soil can be better utilized, wastes can be treated by wastes, and the method is energy-saving and environment-friendly.
Example 6
On the basis of the foregoing embodiments, in this embodiment, the S2 specifically includes the following steps:
s21: mixing the pretreated phosphogypsum and the waste straw powder according to the mass ratio of 1: (1-3) putting the materials into a stirrer, and mixing for 2-10 hours at the rotating speed of 40-60 revolutions per minute to obtain the organophosphorus gypsum;
s22: the composite bacterial liquid is mixed by the following steps of 7-15L/(h.m) 2 ) The spraying speed is intermittently sprayed in the organic phosphorus gypsum for 1h at intervals of 1-2h, and after 15-60 days of growth and field planting, the primary soil-like matrix is obtained.
The method has simple process, and utilizes the strains in the composite bacterial liquid to decompose the components in the organic phosphogypsum so as to obtain the primary soil-like matrix.
Example 7
On the basis of the foregoing embodiments, in this embodiment, the S3 specifically includes the following steps:
and planting pioneer plants in the primary soil-like matrix in the S2, and performing field planting growth for 1-5 rounds to obtain a medium-grade soil-like matrix.
The scheme is reasonable in selection, and the pioneer plants have the characteristics of being stubborn in vitality, high in growth speed, strong in environmental resistance, developed in root system and the like, and can comprehensively improve the ecological function of the phosphogypsum through the physiological activity of the root system.
Example 8
Based on example 7, in this example, in S3, the pioneer plant includes one or more of pteridium fern and ryegrass.
The scheme has the advantages of reasonable selection, common varieties and convenient material acquisition.
Example 9
On the basis of the foregoing embodiments, in this embodiment, the S4 specifically includes the following steps:
and (3) planting common plants in the medium-grade soil matrix in the S3, and performing field planting growth for 1-5 rounds to obtain the high-grade soil matrix.
The scheme has simple process and reasonable design, and further improves the nutrition of the soil-like matrix.
Example 10
In this embodiment, based on embodiment 9, in S4, the common plants include one or more of festuca arundinacea, bluegrass, alfalfa and lotus japonicus.
The above common plants can promote plant growth and physiological function, and promote aggregate formation and mineral nutrient promotion.
The embodiments of the above pioneer plant and common plant are as follows:
example 11
A method for improving the soil of a phosphogypsum yard by using waste straws comprises the following steps:
1) Collecting saprophytic plants and surrounding soil samples, putting the saprophytic plants and the surrounding soil samples into a container according to the mass ratio of 1;
putting the supernatant and an enrichment medium into a container according to the volume ratio of 0.2, placing the container in a constant-temperature shaking table at 30 ℃ and carrying out shake culture at the rotating speed of 160 revolutions per minute to obtain enrichment bacterial liquid;
uniformly mixing the enriched bacteria liquid and the cellulose decomposition culture medium according to the volume ratio of 2;
inoculating the compound bacterial liquid obtained after culture into a cellulolytic culture medium, carrying out inverted culture at 28 ℃ for 3 days to obtain bacterial colonies of cellulose degrading bacteria, selecting single bacterial colonies with different forms, and carrying out purification culture at 30 ℃ for 3 days by utilizing a flat plate line drawing separation culture mode to obtain purified cellulolytic bacterial strains;
inoculating the purified cellulose degrading strain into a cellulose decomposing culture medium, carrying out inverted culture at 30 ℃ for 3 days, and screening out the cellulose degrading strain with a transparent ring;
inoculating the screened cellulose degrading strain into a liquid enzyme production culture medium, placing the liquid enzyme production culture medium in a constant-temperature shaking table at 28 ℃ and under the rotating speed of 180 r/min for shaking culture for 5 days, comparing the activity of total cellulase in a culture solution, and selecting the strain with the highest index to determine the strain as the high-efficiency cellulose degrading strain;
16S rDNA identification is carried out on the high-efficiency cellulose degrading bacteria, and the separated and screened strains are determined as follows: ceriporiopsis subvermispora, streptomyces, bacillus subtilis, trichoderma reesei, chaetomium, and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens.
And carrying out amplification culture on the high-efficiency cellulose degrading bacteria, and carrying out constant-temperature shaking culture for 5 days at the rotation speed of 180 revolutions per minute at the temperature of 28 ℃ to obtain the bacteria liquid after the amplification culture.
2) Inoculating different cellulose-degrading bacteria liquid into a domestication culture medium containing straw powder and phosphogypsum, and carrying out subculture domestication culture for 4 times at 28 ℃ until the total concentration of the cellulose-degrading bacteria in each bacteria liquid is 10 7 Per mL;
and carrying out amplification culture on colonies of the selected domesticated Ceriporiopsis subvermispora, streptomyces, bacillus subtilis, trichoderma reesei, chaetomium and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, and preparing a composite bacterial liquid according to the volume ratio of 1.
3) Uniformly mixing the phosphogypsum with alkaline soil according to the mass ratio of 1.
4) Mixing the pretreated phosphogypsum and the waste straw powder according to a mass ratio of 1:3, putting the mixture into a stirrer, and mixing the mixture for 6 hours at the rotating speed of 45 revolutions per minute to obtain the organophosphorus gypsum;
mixing the screened and domesticated cellulose degrading bacteria according to a volume ratio of 1;
the spraying speed of the composite bacterial liquid is 7L/(h.m) 2 ) The spraying mode is intermittent, and the spraying is carried out for 1h every 1h; and (3) growing and planting the microorganisms in the compound bacteria liquid for 60 days to obtain a primary soil-like matrix.
5) Pioneer pteris fern is planted in the primary soil-like substrate, and corresponding growth environment and nutrients are provided. The obtained primary soil-like matrix is stabilized for 5 days at room temperature, so that the internal physicochemical conditions are balanced to a certain extent. The planting is directly carried out in a primary soil-like matrix, and the germination rate of the seeds is calculated. The soil amount of each group is 10kg, the number of the seeds sowed by the pteris multifida of each group is 9, 11, 13, 14 and 15, and the germination rate is counted after 7 days. After the plants are planted for two periods of plant growth, the medium-grade soil matrix is obtained.
6) Planting plants such as small festuca arundinacea, meadow bluegrass, alfalfa, crowtoe and the like in the medium-grade soil matrix. And (3) broadcasting 10 seeds and 3 crowtoe seeds, applying the compound fertilizer once every three days, and calculating the germination rate of the seeds after 7 days. After the plant grows for three periods of field planting, the high-grade soil-like matrix is obtained.
Table 1 shows the physical and chemical indexes of the soil improved in this example
According to the data in the table 1, the nutrient contents in the primary soil-like matrix, the medium soil-like matrix and the high soil-like matrix are obviously improved, and the nutrient contents in the soil in the primary soil-like matrix, the medium soil-like matrix and the high soil-like matrix are sequentially improved.
Example 12
A method for improving the soil of a phosphogypsum yard by using waste straws comprises the following steps:
1) Collecting saprophytic plants and a surrounding soil sample, putting the saprophytic plants and the surrounding soil sample into a container according to the weight ratio of 2;
mixing the supernatant with the enrichment medium according to a volume ratio of 0.4:1, putting the container into a container, and placing the container in a constant-temperature shaking table at 30 ℃ for shaking culture at a rotating speed of 200 revolutions per minute to obtain enriched bacterial liquid;
uniformly mixing the enriched bacteria liquid and the cellulose decomposition culture medium according to the volume ratio of 2;
inoculating the compound bacterial liquid obtained after culture into a cellulolytic culture medium, carrying out inverted culture at 30 ℃ for 3 days to obtain bacterial colonies of cellulose degrading bacteria, selecting single bacterial colonies with different forms, and carrying out purification culture at 28 ℃ for 4 days by utilizing a flat plate line drawing separation culture mode to obtain a purified cellulolytic bacterial strain;
inoculating the purified cellulose degrading strain into a cellulose decomposing culture medium, carrying out inverted culture at 30 ℃ for 3 days, and screening out the cellulose degrading strain with a transparent ring;
inoculating the screened cellulose degrading strain into a liquid enzyme production culture medium, placing the liquid enzyme production culture medium in a constant temperature shaking table at 30 ℃ for shake culture for 7 days at a rotating speed of 200 r/min, comparing the total cellulase activity in the culture solution, and selecting the strain with the highest index to determine the strain as the high-efficiency cellulose degrading strain;
16S rDNA identification is carried out on the high-efficiency cellulose degrading bacteria, and the separated and screened strains are determined as follows: ceriporiopsis subvermispora, streptomyces, bacillus subtilis, trichoderma reesei, chaetomium, and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens;
and carrying out amplification culture on the high-efficiency cellulose degrading bacteria, and placing the bacteria on a constant-temperature shaking table at the temperature of 30 ℃ for 5 days at the rotating speed of 200 rpm to obtain the bacteria liquid after the amplification culture.
2) Inoculating different cellulose-degrading bacteria liquid into a domestication culture medium containing straw powder and phosphogypsum, and carrying out subculture domestication culture for 6 times at 28 ℃ until the total concentration of the cellulose-degrading bacteria in each bacteria liquid is 10 7 Per mL;
and (3) carrying out amplification culture on the selected and domesticated colonies of ceriporiopsis subvermispora, streptomyces, bacillus subtilis, trichoderma reesei, chaetomium and bacillus amyloliquefaciens, and preparing a composite bacterial liquid according to a volume ratio of 1.
3) And (3) fully and uniformly mixing the phosphogypsum and alkaline soil according to the mass ratio of 1.
4) Mixing the pretreated phosphogypsum and the waste straw powder according to a mass ratio of 1:3, putting the materials into a stirrer, and mixing the materials for 4 hours at the rotating speed of 45 revolutions per minute to obtain the organophosphorus gypsum;
mixing the screened and domesticated cellulose degrading bacteria according to a volume ratio of 1;
the spraying speed of the compound bacterial liquid is 15L/(h.m 2), the spraying mode is intermittent, and the spraying is carried out for 1h every 2 h. And (3) growing and planting the microorganisms in the compound bacteria liquid for 30 days to obtain a primary soil-like matrix.
5) Planting the pioneer plant ryegrass in a primary soil-like matrix, and providing corresponding growing environment and nutrients for the ryegrass. The obtained primary soil-like matrix is stabilized for 5 days at room temperature, so that the internal physicochemical conditions are balanced to a certain extent.
Directly planting in a primary soil-like matrix, and calculating the germination rate of seeds. The soil amount of each group is 7kg, 9kg, 10kg, 12kg and 15kg, the number of seeds sowed by the ryegrass in each group is 9, 11, 13, 14 and 15, and after 7 days, the germination rate is counted and the medium-grade soil matrix is obtained after field planting of three periods of plant growth.
6) Planting small festuca arundinacea, bluegrass, alfalfa, crowtoe and other plants in the medium-grade soil matrix. And (3) broadcasting 13 seeds and 3 crowtoe seeds, applying the compound fertilizer once every three days, and calculating the germination rate of the seeds after 7 days. After the plants grow for 3 periods of fixed planting, the high-grade soil-like matrix is obtained.
Table 2 shows the physical and chemical indexes of the soil after improvement in this example
| Item | Phosphogypsum group | Primary soil-like matrix | Medium grade soil matrix | High-grade soil-like matrix |
| pH value | 1.4 | 4.47 | 5.12 | 7.57 |
| Total porosity of soil (%) | / | 34％ | 44％ | 57％ |
| Nitrogen (%) | / | 0.07％ | 0.22％ | 0.30％ |
| Total phosphorus (g/kg) | / | 0.47 | 0.59 | 0.79 |
| Total potassium (g/kg) | / | 11 | 14 | 21 |
| Humic acid | / | 0.64％ | 0.17％ | 2.01％ |
According to the data in table 2, the nutrient content in the primary soil-like matrix, the medium soil-like matrix and the high soil-like matrix is obviously improved, and the nutrient content in the soil in the primary soil-like matrix, the medium soil-like matrix and the high soil-like matrix is improved in turn.
Example 13
A method for improving the soil of a phosphogypsum yard by using waste straws comprises the following steps:
1) Collecting saprophytic plants and surrounding soil samples, putting the saprophytic plants and sterile water into a container according to the weight ratio of 2;
and (3) mixing the supernatant with the enrichment medium according to the volume ratio of 0.3:1, putting the container into a container, placing the container in a constant-temperature shaking table at 30 ℃ and carrying out shaking culture at the rotating speed of 200 revolutions per minute to obtain enriched bacterial liquid;
uniformly mixing the enriched bacteria liquid and the cellulose decomposition culture medium according to the volume ratio of 2;
inoculating the compound bacterial liquid obtained after culture into a cellulolytic culture medium, carrying out inverted culture at 32 ℃ for 3 days to obtain bacterial colonies of cellulose degrading bacteria, selecting single bacterial colonies with different forms, and carrying out purification culture at 32 ℃ for 3 days by utilizing a flat plate line drawing separation culture mode to obtain purified cellulolytic bacterial strains;
inoculating the purified cellulose degrading strain into a cellulose decomposing culture medium, carrying out inverted culture at 30 ℃ for 3 days, and screening out the cellulose degrading strain with a transparent ring;
inoculating the screened cellulose degrading strain into a liquid enzyme production culture medium, placing the liquid enzyme production culture medium in a constant temperature shaking table at 30 ℃ and carrying out shaking culture for 7 days at the rotating speed of 180 r/min, comparing the activity of the total cellulase in the culture solution, and selecting the strain with the highest index to determine the strain as the high-efficiency cellulose degrading strain;
16S rDNA identification is carried out on the high-efficiency cellulose degrading bacteria, and the separated and screened strains are determined as follows: ceriporiopsis subvermispora, streptomyces, bacillus subtilis, trichoderma reesei, chaetomium cupreum, and bacillus amyloliquefaciens;
and carrying out amplification culture on the high-efficiency cellulose degrading bacteria, and placing the bacteria on a constant-temperature shaking table at the temperature of 30 ℃ for 5 days at the rotating speed of 180 r/min to obtain the bacteria liquid after the amplification culture.
2) Inoculating different cellulose-degrading bacteria liquid into a domestication culture medium containing straw powder and phosphogypsum, and carrying out subculture domestication culture at 28 ℃ for 6 times until the total concentration of the cellulose-degrading bacteria in each bacteria liquid is 10 7 Per mL;
and (3) carrying out amplification culture on the selected and domesticated colonies of ceriporiopsis subvermispora, streptomyces, bacillus subtilis, trichoderma reesei, chaetomium and bacillus amyloliquefaciens, and preparing a composite bacterial liquid according to a volume ratio of 1.
3) Mixing phosphogypsum and alkaline soil according to the mass ratio of 1:3, fully and uniformly mixing to obtain the pretreated phosphogypsum.
4) Mixing the pretreated phosphogypsum and the waste straw powder according to the mass ratio of 1:3, putting the mixture into a stirrer, and mixing the mixture for 8 hours at the rotating speed of 45 revolutions per minute to obtain the organophosphorus gypsum;
mixing the screened and domesticated cellulose degrading bacteria according to a volume ratio of 1;
the spraying speed of the compound bacterial liquid is 10L/(h.m 2), the spraying mode is intermittent, and the spraying is carried out for 1h every 2 h. And (3) growing and planting the microorganisms in the compound bacteria liquid for 45 days to obtain a primary soil-like matrix.
5) Planting the pioneer plant ryegrass in a primary soil-like matrix, and providing corresponding growing environment and nutrients for the ryegrass. The obtained primary soil-like matrix is stabilized for 5 days at room temperature, so that the internal physicochemical conditions are balanced to a certain extent.
Directly planting in a primary soil-like matrix, and calculating the germination rate of seeds. The soil amount of each group is 7kg, 9kg, 10kg, 12kg and 15kg, the number of seeds sowed by the ryegrass in each group is 9, 11, 13, 14 and 15, and after 7 days, the germination rate is counted and the medium-grade soil matrix is obtained after field planting of three periods of plant growth.
6) Planting plants such as small festuca arundinacea, meadow bluegrass, alfalfa, crowtoe and the like in the medium-grade soil matrix. And (3) broadcasting 13 seeds and 3 crowtoe seeds, applying the compound fertilizer once every three days, and calculating the germination rate of the seeds after 7 days. After the plants grow for 3 periods of fixed planting, the high-grade soil-like matrix is obtained.
Table 3 shows the physical and chemical indexes of the soil improved in this example
| Item | Phosphogypsum group | Primary soil-like matrix | Medium grade soil matrix | High-grade soil-like matrix |
| pH value | 1.4 | 4.53 | 5.46 | 7.88 |
| Total porosity of soil (%) | / | 36％ | 43％ | 56％ |
| Nitrogen (%) | / | 0.09％ | 0.23％ | 0.32％ |
| Total phosphorus (g/kg) | / | 0.43 | 0.55 | 0.77 |
| Total potassium (g/kg) | / | 13 | 16 | 24 |
| Humic acid | / | 0.64％ | 0.21％ | 2.07％ |
According to the data in table 3, the nutrient content in the primary soil-like matrix, the medium soil-like matrix and the high soil-like matrix is obviously improved, and the nutrient content in the soil in the primary soil-like matrix, the medium soil-like matrix and the high soil-like matrix is improved in turn.
The method combines agricultural waste straws to convert the phosphogypsum yard into the soil-like matrix, can solve the problem of stacking the phosphogypsum and the agricultural waste straws, and can improve the soil problem.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the phosphogypsum is from a phosphogypsum storage yard, the method can solve the problem of stacking a large amount of phosphogypsum, and the method fully utilizes waste biomass and can also solve the problem of stacking a large amount of agricultural waste straws;
2. the phosphogypsum and waste biomass are combined for soil improvement, so that the pollution problem is solved, waste pollution resources are better synthesized, and the application value is high and accords with the national concept of environmental protection and ecology;
3. the invention has the characteristics of simple process, high treatment efficiency, green ecology, low cost and the like.
The agricultural waste straw used in the invention can provide available nutrient substances for microorganisms after being decomposed by cellulose-decomposing bacteria, and the microorganisms are easy to fix in the straw after growing due to the structural characteristics of the agricultural waste straw. The phosphogypsum used by the invention can improve the soil environment, can increase the absorbable amount of phosphorus element in the process of action of microorganisms on the phosphogypsum, enhances the fertility of the soil, provides nutrients required by plants, and can improve the physical and chemical environment of the soil so as to improve the soil formation of the phosphogypsum.
It will be evident to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing illustrative embodiments, and that the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential attributes thereof. The present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein. Any reference sign in a claim should not be construed as limiting the claim concerned.
Furthermore, it should be understood that although the present description refers to embodiments, not every embodiment may contain only a single embodiment, and such description is for clarity only, and those skilled in the art should integrate the description, and the embodiments may be combined as appropriate to form other embodiments understood by those skilled in the art.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (10)
1. A method for improving the soil of a phosphogypsum yard by using waste straws is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: mixing phosphogypsum powder and alkaline soil according to a certain mass ratio to obtain pretreated phosphogypsum;
s2: mixing the pretreated phosphogypsum with straw powder, and spraying a composite bacterial liquid to obtain a primary soil-like matrix;
s3: introducing pioneer plants into the primary soil-like matrix to obtain a medium soil-like matrix;
s4: introducing common plants into the medium soil-like matrix to obtain the high soil-like matrix.
2. The method for improving the soil of the phosphogypsum yard by using the waste straws according to claim 1, wherein S0 is further included before S1, and the preparation of the compound bacterial liquid specifically comprises the following steps:
s01: respectively carrying out enrichment culture on the different separated and purified strains in a liquid culture medium to obtain enrichment culture solutions of different cellulose degrading bacteria;
s02: and (3) performing successive acclimation culture on the different enrichment culture solutions respectively to obtain acclimation culture solutions of different cellulose degrading bacteria, and mixing the different acclimation culture solutions according to a certain volume ratio to obtain a composite bacterial solution.
3. The method for improving the soil of the phosphogypsum yard by using the waste straws as claimed in claim 2, wherein the S01 specifically comprises the following steps:
s011: collecting saprophytic plants and surrounding soil samples, putting the saprophytic plants and the surrounding soil samples into a container according to the mass ratio of (1-2): 1, and mixing and precipitating to obtain a supernatant;
s012: putting the supernatant and the enrichment medium into a container according to the volume ratio (0.1-0.4): 1, placing the container in a constant temperature shaking table at 25-35 ℃ and carrying out shaking culture at the rotating speed of 160-200 r/min to obtain enrichment bacterial liquid;
s013: uniformly mixing the enriched bacterial liquid and the cellulolytic culture medium according to the volume ratio of 2 (5-10), and culturing for 3-7 days at the rotating speed of 160-200 revolutions per minute by using a constant temperature shaking table at 26-32 ℃ to obtain cellulose compound bacterial liquid;
s014: inoculating the cellulose compound bacterial liquid into a cellulolytic culture medium, carrying out inverted culture at 26-32 ℃ for 3-5 days to obtain bacterial colonies of cellulose degrading bacteria, selecting single bacterial colonies with different forms, and carrying out purified culture at 26-32 ℃ for 3-5 days by utilizing a flat plate line drawing separation culture mode to obtain a purified cellulolytic bacterial strain;
s015: inoculating the purified cellulose-degrading strain into a cellulose-degrading culture medium, performing inverted culture at 28-30 ℃ for 3-5 days, and screening out the cellulose-degrading strain with a transparent ring;
s016: inoculating the screened cellulose degrading strain into a liquid enzyme-producing culture medium, placing the liquid enzyme-producing culture medium in a constant-temperature shaking table at 26-32 ℃ and carrying out shake culture for 5-7 days at the rotating speed of 160-200 r/min, comparing the activity of the total cellulase in the culture solution and obtaining high-efficiency cellulose degrading bacteria;
s017: separating and screening strains of Ceriporiopsis subvermispora, streptomyces, bacillus subtilis, trichoderma reesei, chaetomium and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, placing the strains screened by the expanded culture medium in a constant temperature shaking table at 26-32 ℃ and at a rotating speed of 180-220 r/min for culturing for 5-7 days, and obtaining different enriched culture solutions after expanded culture.
4. The method for improving the soil of the phosphogypsum yard by using the waste straws as claimed in claim 2, wherein the S02 specifically comprises the following steps:
s021: inoculating the enriched culture solution of different cellulose-degrading bacteria into domestication culture medium containing straw powder and phosphogypsum, and carrying out subculture domestication culture at 26-32 deg.C for 4-7 times until the total concentration of cellulose-degrading bacteria in each bacteria solution is 10 7 -10 9 Obtaining different cellulose degradation bacteria liquid per mL;
s022: respectively carrying out amplification culture on different cellulose degradation bacteria liquids, and mixing the cellulose degradation bacteria liquids according to a certain volume ratio to prepare a composite bacteria liquid.
5. The method for improving the soil condition of the phosphogypsum yard by using the waste straws as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, which is characterized in that: in the S1, phosphogypsum and alkaline soil are mixed according to the mass ratio of 1 (2-4).
6. The method for improving the soil of the phosphogypsum yard by using the waste straws according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the S2 specifically comprises the following steps:
s21: mixing the pretreated phosphogypsum and the waste straw powder according to a mass ratio of 1: (1-3) putting the materials into a stirrer, and mixing for 2-10 hours at the rotating speed of 40-60 revolutions per minute to obtain the organophosphorus gypsum;
s22: the composite bacterial liquid is mixed with water in the amount of 7-15L/(h.m) 2 ) The spraying speed is intermittently sprayed in the organic phosphorus gypsum for 1h at intervals of 1-2h, and after 15-60 days of growth and field planting, the primary soil-like matrix is obtained.
7. The method for improving the soil condition of the phosphogypsum yard by using the waste straws as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the S3 specifically comprises the following steps:
pioneer plants are planted in the primary soil-like matrix in the S2, and the medium soil-like matrix is obtained after 1-5 rounds of planting and growth.
8. The method for improving the soil condition of the phosphogypsum yard by using the waste straws as claimed in claim 7, which is characterized in that: in S3, the pioneer plant comprises one or more of pteris fern and ryegrass.
9. The method for improving the soil condition of the phosphogypsum yard by using the waste straws as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the S4 comprises the following steps: and (3) planting common plants in the medium-grade soil matrix in the S3, and performing field planting growth for 1-5 rounds to obtain the high-grade soil matrix.
10. The method for improving the soil of the phosphogypsum yard by using the waste straws as claimed in claim 9, which is characterized in that: in S4, the common plants comprise one or more of small festuca arundinacea, meadow bluegrass, purple alfalfa and lotus japonicus.
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