CN115500230A - Planting method for dry-seeding and wet-yielding cotton in clay loam - Google Patents
Planting method for dry-seeding and wet-yielding cotton in clay loam Download PDFInfo
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- CN115500230A CN115500230A CN202210706005.0A CN202210706005A CN115500230A CN 115500230 A CN115500230 A CN 115500230A CN 202210706005 A CN202210706005 A CN 202210706005A CN 115500230 A CN115500230 A CN 115500230A
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- cotton
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- drip irrigation
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- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 12
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 title description 12
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 title description 6
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000003621 irrigation water Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000002101 nanobubble Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000005696 Diammonium phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000005591 Pendimethalin Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N diammonium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].OP([O-])([O-])=O MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000388 diammonium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019838 diammonium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- CHIFOSRWCNZCFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N pendimethalin Chemical compound CCC(CC)NC1=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C(C)C(C)=C1[N+]([O-])=O CHIFOSRWCNZCFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium sulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052939 potassium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000011151 potassium sulphates Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000219146 Gossypium Species 0.000 abstract description 37
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 abstract 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 4
- DARPYRSDRJYGIF-PTNGSMBKSA-N (Z)-3-ethoxy-2-naphthalen-2-ylsulfonylprop-2-enenitrile Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC(S(=O)(=O)C(\C#N)=C/OCC)=CC=C21 DARPYRSDRJYGIF-PTNGSMBKSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 244000144730 Amygdalus persica Species 0.000 description 2
- 239000005906 Imidacloprid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000006040 Prunus persica var persica Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000033558 biomineral tissue development Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003630 growth substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- YWTYJOPNNQFBPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N imidacloprid Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)\N=C1/NCCN1CC1=CC=C(Cl)N=C1 YWTYJOPNNQFBPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229940056881 imidacloprid Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000002917 insecticide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000241602 Gossypianthus Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035558 fertility Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035784 germination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/50—Cotton
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for emergence of cotton seedlings by dry sowing and wetting cohesive soil, which is suitable for a cohesive soil cotton field which does not emerge or has poor seedling emergence caused by hardened soil when meeting water, poor air permeability, overlarge surface temperature drop, difficult soil leveling, dislocation of seed holes and film holes and the like. The main method is that a drip irrigation system is used for dripping 30-40m of water into the cotton field before the first year of cotton harvesting 3 Per mu. In the next year, a method combining underground drip irrigation and air-entrapping irrigation is adopted, when cotton is sowed, a combined sowing machine is used for burying the drip irrigation tape below the ground surface, the burying depth is 10-20cm underground, the burying position is that the water dropper flow of the narrow-row drip irrigation tape between two rows of cotton is 2.1L/h, and the water dropper spacing is 20cm. Connecting the ultramicro-nanometer air-entraining machine to the main pipeline, and entraining irrigation water entering the cotton field by the ultramicro-nanometer air-entraining machine, wherein the gas component is air. The particle diameter of the micro-nano bubbles is200nm-4 microns, the bubble content is 84-90%, the average rising speed of bubbles is 4-8mm/s, and the bubble generation amount is 2-2.5m 3 H is used as the reference value. Then irrigation pure water amount per mu is 15-25m 3 Per mu. The method can effectively improve the soil structure, increase the soil permeability, inhibit soil hardening, reduce the reduction range of the surface temperature, improve the soil microenvironment and obviously improve the cotton emergence rate, and the implementation cost is lower compared with other methods.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of agricultural planting, and relates to a technique for sowing and wetting cotton flowers in cohesive loam soil.
Background
The cotton is one of Xinjiang special crops, and the planting area of the Xinjiang cotton is 204.05 million hectares and accounts for 33.07 percent of the planting area of the Xinjiang crops by 2019. Therefore, cotton plays a significant role in Xinjiang. However, with the continuous aggravation of the problem of water resource shortage in Xinjiang, the development of the Xinjiang cotton industry is severely limited, and the 437m irrigation quota of the cotton in the whole growth period is set by corresponding water pipe departments 3 Per mu (including 180m irrigation quantity in winter and spring) 3 Per mu). Removing irrigation water in winter and spring, and remaining 257m 3 The water amount per mu cannot guarantee the normal growth requirement of cotton in the growth period. The dry seeding and wet seeding is a planting mode which avoids or only irrigates a small amount of water in winter and spring and irrigates a proper amount of seedling emergence water after seeding. Compared with the conventional winter and spring irrigationObviously saves water resources and improves the emergence rate and the yield of cotton, so the research of the dry sowing and wet sowing technology becomes a main way for alleviating the water resource shortage and improving the cotton yield in Xinjiang areas.
The cohesive loam has fine particles and stronger water and fertility preservation, and compared with sandy loam, the loam contains rich nutrients and has high yield potential. But has the problems that the land with too low soil moisture is not easy to level, the soil is difficult to compact, 'cotton-covered land', the seed hole and the membrane hole are staggered, and the irrigation water is difficult to seep. Meanwhile, after the seedling emergence water is sowed and irrigated, hardening is easy to occur, the oxygen content of seed holes is reduced, the seedling emergence and seedling protection are difficult, the roots of plants are difficult to age, difficult to deeply prick, slow in growth and inconvenient to cultivate. Therefore, the dry seeding and wet seeding technology is difficult to popularize in the soil.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for germination of cotton seedlings by dry sowing and wetting of cohesive soil, which solves the problems of seedling preservation difficulty and the like caused by hardening of seed hole soil, low oxygen content of the soil and the like after the dry sowing and wetting of the cohesive soil through underground drip irrigation and air entrainment irrigation and providing corresponding underground drip irrigation and air entrainment irrigation parameters. Thus, the irrigation quantity and the irrigation air-doping quantity are determined to reach the most favorable soil microenvironment for cotton emergence, and the cotton emergence rate is improved. The method is simple to operate and easy to realize.
The method comprises the following steps: selecting clay loam cotton field with clay content of above 15%, and drip irrigation for 30-40m before cotton harvesting in the first year 3 Water amount per mu of winter irrigation.
Step two: in the next year, 10-15 kg of diammonium phosphate and 5-10 kg of potassium sulfate are broadcast in each mu, a tractor is used for plowing and harrowing, a combined soil preparation machine is used for leveling the field blocks, the soil is compacted, and 150-200 mL of 33% pendimethalin is sprayed in each mu.
Step three: when the ground temperature is above 15 ℃, selecting a sunny day for 5 consecutive days, covering a film on the leveled field by using a seeder, laying an underground drip irrigation tape and seeding, wherein the seeding depth is 1-1.5cm below the ground surface, and the seeding interval is 8-10cm. The drip irrigation tapes are distributed among the narrow rows of cotton, the embedding depth of the drip irrigation tapes is 10-20cm underground, the flow rate of drippers is 2.1L/h, and the distance between the drippers is 20cm. The soil sealing mode is soil sealing by measuring. The sowing mode is 13cm +63cm +13cm, namely the narrow row spacing is 13cm, and the wide row spacing is 63cm.
Step four: connecting an ultramicro air feeder to a main pipeline of a cotton field, and feeding air to the pipeline, wherein the particle size of micro-nano bubbles is 200nm-4 μm, the bubble content is 84-90%, the average rising speed of the bubbles is 4-8mm/s, and the bubble generation amount is 2-2.5m 3 H is used as the reference value. Meanwhile, a water meter is arranged at the front end of the water inlet of the ultramicro air dispenser to meter the pure irrigation water quantity (water quantity without air). Opening the valve to drip irrigation cotton field with pure irrigation amount of 15-25m 3 The irrigation pressure of the drip irrigation zone is ensured to be more than 0.1MPa per mu, so that the irrigation is uniform, the irrigation water temperature is more than 10 ℃, and the mineralization degree of the irrigation water is less than 2 g/L.
Step five: 1-2 leaves of the cotton after emergence of seedlings are sprayed with 3-4 g/mu of mepiquat chloride growth regulator and 1-2 g/mu of imidacloprid insecticide in time, and 6-8 leaves of the cotton are sprayed with 0.65-0.85ml/L of strong peach leaf surface fertilizer.
Step six: intertillage and cotton hole soil covering are carried out in time.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows a cotton planting pattern.
Detailed Description
The principles and features of this invention are described below in conjunction with specific examples, which are set forth to illustrate the invention.
Example 1:
the method comprises the following steps: selecting clay loam with clay content of 21.5%, and drip-irrigating for 30m before cotton harvesting in the first year 3 Water amount per mu of winter irrigation.
Step two: in the next year, 10kg of diammonium phosphate and 5kg of potassium sulfate are broadcast in each mu, a tractor is used for plowing and harrowing, a combined soil preparation machine is used for leveling the field blocks, the soil is compacted, and 150mL of 33% pendimethalin is sprayed in each mu.
Step three: observing the average ground temperature of 17 ℃ in the daytime, observing weather forecast, and then continuously observing the weather forecast for 7 days to obtain good weather, covering a film on the leveled field block by using a seeder, laying an underground drip irrigation tape and seeding, wherein the seeding depth is 1.5cm below the ground surface, and the seeding interval is 8cm. The drip irrigation belts are distributed among the narrow rows of cotton, the embedding depth of the drip irrigation belts is 10cm underground, the flow rate of drippers is 2.1L/h, and the distance between the drippers is 20cm. The soil sealing mode is side soil sealing, and the sowing mode is 13cm +63cm +13cm, namely the narrow row spacing is 13cm, and the wide row spacing is 63cm.
Step four: connecting a super-micron air feeder to a main pipeline of a cotton field, and feeding air to the water in the pipeline, wherein the particle size of micro-nano bubbles is 200nm-4 mu m, the bubble content is 84-90%, the average rising speed of the bubbles is 4-8mm/s, and the bubble generation amount is 2m 3 H is the ratio of the total weight of the catalyst to the total weight of the catalyst. Meanwhile, a water meter is arranged at the front end of the water inlet of the ultramicro air dispenser to meter the pure irrigation water quantity (water quantity without air). Opening a valve to carry out drip irrigation on the cotton field, wherein the pure irrigation water amount is 15m 3 The irrigation pressure of the drip irrigation zone is 0.2MPa per mu, so that the uniform irrigation is ensured, the irrigation water temperature is 14 ℃, and the mineralization of the irrigation water is 1.1g/L.
Step five: 2 main leaves of the cotton after emergence of seedlings are sprayed with mepiquat chloride growth regulator with the dosage of 3 g/mu and imidacloprid insecticide with the dosage of 1.5 g/mu in time, and 6 main leaves of the cotton are sprayed with high peach leaf surface fertilizer with the concentration of 0.75 ml/L.
Step six: the 2 leaves are used for intertillage of the soil between membranes by using a tractor machine.
Example 2:
the same conditions as in example 1 were used except that the depth of the drip irrigation zone was 20cm below the surface of the ground.
Example 3:
the pure irrigation water quantity is 25m 3 The conditions were the same as in example 1 except for each mu.
Example 4:
the pure irrigation water quantity is 25m 3 The conditions were the same as in example 2 except for the area per mu.
Comparative example 1:
the conditions were the same as in example 1 except that the drip tape was placed on the surface.
Comparative example 2:
the conditions were the same as in example 3 except that the drip tape was placed on the ground.
Comparative example 3:
the conditions were the same as in example 1 except that the irrigation water was not aerated.
Comparative example 4:
the conditions were the same as in example 3 except that the irrigation water was not aerated.
TABLE 1 comparison of test data for different cases
From Table 1, comparing the examples 1-4 with the comparative examples 1-2, it is known that the ground temperature decrease range can be significantly reduced by sub-irrigation, the hardening degree of the surface soil can be reduced, and the cotton emergence rate can be improved.
From table 1, comparing the examples 1-4 with the comparative examples 3-6, it is known that the underground air-entrapping irrigation has no obvious effect of improving the temperature of the soil in the seed holes, but can obviously reduce the hardening degree of the soil in the seed holes and improve the rate of emergence of cotton.
From table 1, comparing examples 1-2 with comparative examples 3-4, it is known that the temperature of the soil in the seed hole is reduced at a position 10cm below the ground surface where the drip irrigation tape is buried, but the hardening degree of the soil in the seed hole can be reduced, and the rate of emergence can be effectively improved.
From Table 1, comparing examples 1 and 3 and examples 2 and 4, it can be seen that the amount of irrigation pure water was 15m 3 The soil hardening degree of the seed holes is reduced, the ground temperature of the seed holes is increased, and the emergence rate is effectively improved.
From table 1, comparative examples 1 to 4, example 1 showed the least hardened soil in the superficial layer of the seed holes and the highest rate of emergence. Compared with the comparative ratio 1, the emergence rate is improved by 28.4 percent, the ground temperature is improved by 1.7 ℃, and the surface soil hardness is reduced by 41kPa.
Claims (7)
1. Before the first year of cotton harvesting, a drip irrigation system is used for dripping 30-40m of water per mu 3 。
2. Before the next year of land ploughing, 10-15 kg of diammonium phosphate and 5-10 kg of potassium sulfate are broadcast per mu, land is prepared, flat land is leveled, and 150-200 mL of 33% pendimethalin is sprayed per mu.
3. And (3) embedding an underground drip irrigation tape in the middle of the narrow row during sowing, wherein the depth is 10-20cm below the ground surface.
4. Connecting the ultramicro nanometer air-entraining machine on the main pipeline, and aerating the irrigation water entering the cotton field by the ultramicro nanometer air-entraining machine, wherein the gas component is air.
5. The particle size of the micro-nano bubbles is between 200nm and 4 mu m, the bubble content is between 84 and 90 percent, and the average rising speed of the bubbles is between 4 and 8mm/s.
6. Dripping water by using an underground drip irrigation belt, and irrigating pure water with the amount of 15-25m 3 Per mu.
7. Intertillage and covering soil on the cotton holes in time.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210706005.0A CN115500230A (en) | 2022-06-21 | 2022-06-21 | Planting method for dry-seeding and wet-yielding cotton in clay loam |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210706005.0A CN115500230A (en) | 2022-06-21 | 2022-06-21 | Planting method for dry-seeding and wet-yielding cotton in clay loam |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN115500230A true CN115500230A (en) | 2022-12-23 |
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| CN202210706005.0A Withdrawn CN115500230A (en) | 2022-06-21 | 2022-06-21 | Planting method for dry-seeding and wet-yielding cotton in clay loam |
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Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103125346A (en) * | 2011-11-30 | 2013-06-05 | 甘肃大禹节水集团股份有限公司 | Subsurface drip irrigation micro-nano air device |
| CN107624595A (en) * | 2017-09-19 | 2018-01-26 | 石河子大学 | A kind of cultural method of cotton in arid region high yield water saving |
| CN113057082A (en) * | 2021-02-05 | 2021-07-02 | 石河子大学 | Green and efficient open field cotton cultivation method |
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2022
- 2022-06-21 CN CN202210706005.0A patent/CN115500230A/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103125346A (en) * | 2011-11-30 | 2013-06-05 | 甘肃大禹节水集团股份有限公司 | Subsurface drip irrigation micro-nano air device |
| CN107624595A (en) * | 2017-09-19 | 2018-01-26 | 石河子大学 | A kind of cultural method of cotton in arid region high yield water saving |
| CN113057082A (en) * | 2021-02-05 | 2021-07-02 | 石河子大学 | Green and efficient open field cotton cultivation method |
Non-Patent Citations (3)
| Title |
|---|
| 毛国新: "特早熟棉区棉花膜下滴灌灌溉制度", 节水灌溉, no. 2, pages 58 - 59 * |
| 王大光等: "棉花新陆早63 号品种特性及配套栽培技术", 农村科技, no. 6, pages 35 - 38 * |
| 饶晓娟: "增氧对新疆膜下滴灌棉田土壤肥力及棉花生长的影响", 中国博士学位论文全文数据库 农业科技辑, no. 2, pages 047 - 41 * |
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Application publication date: 20221223 |