CN115493699A - Broadband full-Stokes vector polarization detection device based on achromatic superlens - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a broadband full-Stokes vector polarization detection device based on an achromatic superlens, which comprises a silicon dioxide substrate and a sub-wavelength unit structure arranged on the silicon dioxide substrate, wherein: the sub-wavelength unit structure is composed of four modules, namely an x-linear polarization achromatic superlens, a y-linear polarization achromatic superlens, a 45-degree linear polarization achromatic superlens and a right-handed circular polarization achromatic superlens. The vector polarization state can be obtained by calculating the light intensity of x, y and 45-degree linear polarization and right-handed circularly polarized light, so that the Stokes parameters of broadband incident light can be reconstructed at the same time by extracting the four-focus energy in a broadband range, and the detection of the broadband vector polarization state is realized. The structure provided by the invention can be integrated with a mature CMOS image sensor, the integration level of the device is greatly improved, the structure can be used for ultra-surface functional devices such as achromatic polarization measurement, broadband polarization imaging and the like, and the structure has important significance for promoting the practicability of the ultra-surface.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of micro-nano optical design, relates to a polarization imaging device, and particularly relates to a full Stokes vector polarization detection device based on an achromatic superlens.
Background
The optical field comprises the amplitude information, the phase information and the frequency information, and also comprises the polarization information, when light interacts with a substance, the properties of the substance surface such as roughness and materials can modulate the polarization state of the light, and the polarization information of the optical field can be obtained by detecting the polarization state of the light, so that the dimensionality of optical imaging is widened. The polarization imaging technology utilizes polarization optical elements such as a polarization filter plate to separate polarized light, the detector obtains the intensity of different polarized light to extract polarization information, and the polarization information is further analyzed to obtain additional details such as roughness and defects of the surface of a target, which cannot be obtained by traditional light intensity images. The traditional polarization imaging system has the problems of large system volume, complex optical elements, difficulty in integration and the like, and meanwhile, the polarization filter cannot work in a circularly polarized light state, so that full Stokes parameter detection becomes a huge problem which is a breakthrough in the polarization imaging technology.
The super surface (Metasurface) is a two-dimensional artificial material based on a sub-wavelength structure, can realize flexible regulation and control of the amplitude, the phase and the polarization of electromagnetic waves, has the advantages of miniaturization, light weight and integration, and provides a new idea for solving the difficult problem of the polarization imaging technology. At present, the polarization imaging technology based on the super surface has been greatly developed, and a polarization imaging device of a full Stokes vector is realized according to the six-pixel polarization measurement principle. However, the super-surface structure generally has a dispersion problem, and once incident light deviates from a designed wavelength, speckles appear on light spots at the position of a focal plane, and even the light spots can not be focused completely, so that the imaging quality can be seriously influenced, the accuracy of polarization detection can be greatly reduced, and the practical application of polarization imaging in the fields of military detection, foggy day imaging, automatic driving and the like is greatly influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the dispersion problem of the existing polarization imaging device based on the super surface, the invention provides a broadband full-stokes vector polarization detection device based on an achromatic super lens, which can realize full-polarization imaging detection on a target in a near-infrared band with a bandwidth of 250nm. The vector polarization state can be obtained by calculating the light intensity of x, y and 45-degree linear polarization and right-handed circularly polarized light, so that the Stokes parameters of broadband incident light can be reconstructed at the same time by extracting the four-focus energy in a broadband range, and the detection of the broadband vector polarization state is realized. The structure provided by the invention can be integrated with a mature CMOS image sensor, the integration level of the device is greatly improved, the structure can be used for ultra-surface functional devices such as achromatic polarization measurement, broadband polarization imaging and the like, and the structure has important significance for promoting the practicability of the ultra-surface.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a broadband full-Stokes vector polarization detection device based on an achromatic superlens comprises a silicon dioxide substrate and a sub-wavelength unit structure arranged on the silicon dioxide substrate, wherein: the sub-wavelength unit structure is composed of four modules, namely an x-linear polarization achromatic superlens, a y-linear polarization achromatic superlens, a 45-degree linear polarization achromatic superlens and a right-handed circular polarization achromatic superlens.
In the invention, the silicon dioxide substrate is transparent in a near infrared band and has almost no influence on optical field modulation.
In the invention, four basic modules are adjacently combined to form a super-pixel unit, and different polarization components are independently focused respectively, namely: the method is characterized in that x-ray polarization, y-ray polarization, 45-degree linear polarization and right-handed circular polarization are respectively focused, the focusing wavelength is in a broadband range of 1-1.25 mu m, the focal lengths of incident light with any wavelength in the broadband range are the same, and the full Stokes parameters can be obtained by calculating the light intensity of four polarization basis vectors in a combined manner, so that the full Stokes parameters of a wide band can be obtained simultaneously by one-time detection.
In the invention, the sub-wavelength unit structure is a silicon medium rectangular nano-pillar structure, the silicon medium rectangular nano-pillar structure has a high depth-to-width ratio, and the phase of transmitted light is adjusted by adjusting the length, width and corner of the rectangular nano-pillar.
In the invention, the sub-wavelength unit structure obtains the modulation phase and the modulation transmittance of the nano-column with the corresponding size under the specific wavelength by scanning the length and the width of the sub-wavelength unit structure under the specific wavelength.
In the invention, the height of the silicon medium rectangular nano column is 750nm, the structure period of the sub-wavelength unit is less than the working wavelength, and the silicon medium rectangular nano column has higher transmissivity and high contrast refractive index in a near infrared band.
In the invention, the four modules are in a square structure with the period of 20 multiplied by 20 and the size of 10 mu m multiplied by 10 mu m, the focal length of each module is f =20 mu m, and four polarized light components are simultaneously focused at the central position of a focal plane.
In the invention, four basic modules consist of rectangular nano-columns with different lengths and widths, which are obtained by searching through a particle swarm optimization algorithm, and the modulation phase of each module realizes that a broadband simultaneously meets the focusing phase distribution of a lens through parameter indexing
Wherein w represents frequency, f represents focal length of the lens, r is size of the superlens, and C (w) represents parameters of the particle swarm optimization algorithm.
In the invention, the X-ray polarization achromatic super lens optimizes the length and width dimensions of the nano column through a particle swarm optimization algorithm to realize phase matching at the target wavelength, and the corner of a unit structure is 0; the y-linear polarization achromatic superlens is realized by clockwise rotating the x-linear polarization unit structure by 90 degrees around the symmetrical center of the x-linear polarization unit structure; the 45-degree linear polarization achromatic superlens is realized by clockwise rotating an x-ray polarization unit structure by 45 degrees around the symmetrical center of the x-ray polarization unit structure; the right-handed circular polarization achromatic super lens introduces a geometric phase, and the length, the width and the rotation angle (0-180 degrees, the rotation angle of each position is different) of the nano column are optimized through a particle swarm optimization algorithm to realize the phase matching at the target wavelength.
The principle of the invention is as follows: the broadband full-stokes vector polarization detection device based on the achromatic superlens mainly comprises a silicon rectangular nano-column array arranged on a silicon dioxide substrate, and the unit structure has the advantages of high transmittance, high refractive index and the like at the near-infrared wavelength; four achromatic superlens modules focusing different polarization basis vectors can be formed by adjusting the length, width and rotation angle of the nano-column, and the modules are compactly connected, so that the 1-1.25 mu m bandwidth simultaneous focusing is realized, and the focal planes are at the same position; the light intensity of the four polarization vectors is detected by the detector at the same time, and the arbitrary vector polarization information of the incident light can be obtained by utilizing a Stokes parameter calculation formula.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
(1) The method is different from the scheme of six-pixel polarization information acquisition adopted by the existing polarization imaging system based on the super surface, provides a more integrated four-pixel super-pixel vector polarization detection scheme, and can realize real-time full Stokes parameter detection and vector polarization measurement of the near-infrared 250nm bandwidth under the condition of correcting errors by a compensation algorithm.
(2) The invention is different from the strong dispersion problem of the existing polarization imaging system based on the super surface, provides a method for utilizing a particle swarm optimization algorithm and dispersion compensation, adjusts the length, width and corner parameters of a nano column through a parameter indexing and optimization matching mechanism, can realize the simultaneous focusing imaging effect in a wide band range, has the achromatic characteristic when the focal plane of broadband focusing is at the same position, greatly improves the application range of polarization detection, simultaneously improves the integration level of devices, and has the potential of becoming an integrated polarization imaging device with wide application.
(3) Compared with the traditional aperture division, amplitude division and polarization imaging scheme of a focus division plane based on a polarization filter, the broadband full-Stokes vector polarization detection device based on the achromatic superlens can be directly cascaded at the front end of an image sensor, does not need an additional optical element, can detect in real time only by one detector, and has ultrahigh integration level and high-efficiency real-time detection imaging capability; the polarization filter structure only aims at linearly polarized light filtering, and the super lens can focus on linearly polarized light components and circularly polarized light components so as to obtain all Stokes parameters, so that the practical application range of polarization detection is expanded; the focusing function added by the super lens can focus the energy of the incident light on the center of the detector, so that the loss of the energy of the incident light is greatly reduced, and the detection sensitivity is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a broadband full-Stokes vector polarization detection device based on an achromatic superlens.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a unit structure, wherein the substrate is silicon dioxide, and the nano-pillars are in a silicon dielectric rectangular structure.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the integration of a broadband full stokes vector polarization detection device with a CMOS image sensor.
FIG. 4 is the result of broadband achromatic focusing of a linearly polarized light superlens, including the intensity profiles in the xz and xy directions.
FIG. 5 is a graph of broadband focusing efficiency results and full width at half maximum results for linearly polarized light.
FIG. 6 is a broadband achromatic focusing result of a right-handed circularly polarized superlens, including intensity profiles in xz and xy directions.
Fig. 7 is a graph of the results of broadband focusing efficiency and full width at half maximum of right-handed circularly polarized light.
FIG. 8 is a partially enlarged image of a four-pixel super-pixel with a schematic arrangement of the unit structure array on the right.
FIG. 9 is a graph of intensity distribution at different wavelengths for focal plane positions when light of different polarizations is incident.
FIG. 10 is a graph of the results of all Stokes parameters calculated from the monitor derived light intensity data for four different polarization basis vectors for the focal plane.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, but not limited thereto, and any modification or equivalent replacement of the technical solution of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of the present invention shall be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention provides a broadband full-stokes vector polarization detection device based on an achromatic superlens, which is composed of a silicon dioxide substrate layer and a silicon medium rectangular nanorod layer as shown in figure 1, wherein the silicon medium rectangular nanorod layer is divided into four modules according to different polarization base vectors, namely an x-linear polarization achromatic superlens, a y-linear polarization achromatic superlens, a 45-degree linear polarization achromatic superlens and a right-handed circular polarization achromatic lens; the four modules can simultaneously realize the vector focusing function of the broadband, and have achromatic light spots on a focal plane; the whole structure works in a near infrared band of 1-1.25 μm, and the bandwidth is 250nm.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a unit structure of the model, the unit structure is a silicon dielectric rectangular nano-pillar, and by changing the length and width dimensions of the rectangle, additional transmittance and additional phase distribution corresponding to different dimensions can be obtained. The period of the unit structure is U =520nm, the height of the nano-column is h =750nm, the variation range of the length and width is 50-450 nm, and incident light enters from one side of the substrate, is subjected to phase modulation of the silicon medium nano-column and then transmits from the other side.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the compact integration of the broadband full stokes vector polarization detection device based on the achromatic superlens and the CMOS image sensor. The broadband full-stokes vector polarization detection device based on the achromatic super lens is of an 'super-pixel' structure formed by four pixels, the detector can obtain light intensity information of four different polarization base vectors corresponding to four pixel positions of the sensor, and full-stokes parameters of incident light can be obtained in real time through calculation. In order to realize the imaging function, the super pixel structure is designed in an array mode, and the capacity of acquiring the two-dimensional plane light intensity of an incident light field by one-time detection is achieved, so that all polarization information of the incident light field is calculated; meanwhile, the model integrates the functions of focusing imaging, achromatic imaging and polarization filtering, and does not need other additional optical elements when being integrated with a sensor, so that the model has the characteristic of ultrahigh integration level.
FIG. 4 is a graph of the effect of broadband achromatic focused imaging based on x-ray polarized light, including intensity profiles in xz direction and xy direction of focal plane position calculated at wavelengths of 1 μm, 1.05 μm, 1.1 μm, 1.15 μm, 1.2 μm, 1.25 μm, designed by the present invention. Color erasing designed by the inventionThe diff lens has a period of 20 × 20, dimensions of 10 μm × 10 μm, and a focal length of 20 μm. The phase of each period position of the super lens is a transmission phase, and the distribution satisfies the following conditions:
by matching the index of the structural parameters through a particle swarm optimization algorithm, the optimal structural parameters can be found, the focusing phase effect is satisfied when different wavelengths are met, and therefore, the target phase distribution corresponds to any wavelength incidence in a broadband range. The achromatic effect of the super-structure lens is reflected by that light in any designed wavelength range is incident, and the focusing positions of the emergent fields are all on the same focal plane, so that the imaging quality cannot be reduced. From simulation results, the focusing light spots are distributed at the position of 20 mu m, and the light spots on the focal plane basically show better focusing effect. To verify the imaging performance of the achromatic meta-lens, the actual focal length and focusing efficiency values of the achromatic meta-lens are calculated, and fig. 5 is a numerical result of simulation calculation. Fig. 5 (a) shows the actual focal length values corresponding to different incident wavelengths of the x-ray polarized light, and fig. 5 (b) shows the focusing efficiency parameters corresponding to different incident wavelengths. The result shows that the actual focal length of the achromatic-designed metamaterial lens is around f =20 μm, the actual focal length of the dispersive metamaterial lens is obviously deviated, meanwhile, the focusing efficiency of the achromatic metamaterial lens is over 30 percent, and the focusing efficiency of the achromatic metamaterial lens partially reaches 60 percent.
FIG. 6 is a graph of the effect of broadband achromatic focus imaging based on right-handed polarized light, which is designed by the present invention, and also includes a distribution graph of the light intensity in the xz direction and a distribution graph of the light intensity in the xy direction at the focal plane position, which are calculated at wavelengths of 1 μm, 1.05 μm, 1.1 μm, 1.15 μm, 1.2 μm, and 1.25 μm. The designed achromatic superlens has the cycle of 20 multiplied by 20, the size of 10 multiplied by 10 and the focal length of 20 mu m, the principle of right-handed circularly polarized light achromatic focusing is similar to that of x-ray polarized light, the phase characteristic of the circularly polarized light is modulated by introducing a geometric phase, and the geometric phase body is the rotation angle of the structure, so that the phases at different cycle positions are the mixed superposition of a transmission phase and the geometric phase. Fig. 7 shows the result of simulation calculation, where fig. 7 (a) shows the actual focal length values corresponding to different incident wavelengths of right-handed circularly polarized light, and fig. 7 (b) shows the focusing efficiency parameters corresponding to different incident wavelengths. The results show that the actual focal length of the achromatic super-structure lens is around f =20 μm, and meanwhile, the focusing efficiency is over 30%, and the super-structure lens has a good focusing and imaging function.
FIG. 8 is a partial magnified image of a structure comprising a combination of four modules, wherein an x-ray polarization achromatic superlens achieves phase matching at a target wavelength by optimizing the length and width dimensions of a nanocolumn; the y-linear polarization achromatic superlens is realized by rotating the x-linear polarization unit structure by 90 degrees around the symmetrical center of the x-linear polarization unit structure; the 45-degree linear polarization achromatic superlens is realized by rotating an x-ray polarized unit structure by 45 degrees around the symmetrical center of the unit structure; geometric phase is introduced into the right-handed circular polarization achromatic super lens, and phase matching at the target wavelength is realized by optimizing the length, width and rotation angle of the nano column; the whole structures are connected adjacently, and each module is used for focusing and imaging the sensitive polarization basis vector.
In order to verify the feasibility and the universality of the structure, four groups of broadband polarized lights are firstly incident, namely x-linear polarization, y-linear polarization, 45-degree linear polarization and right-handed circularly polarized light. The polarized lights correspond to four groups of polarization basis vectors, so that the crosstalk condition of the model can be well detected. FIG. 9 is a graph of the focus of different polarized light at different wavelengths at different focal plane positions. From the result, the x-ray polarized light and the y-ray polarized light have stronger faculae at the target position when being incident, and the light intensity is about half at the 45-degree linear deviation position and the right-hand circular deviation position; when the 45-degree linearly polarized light and the right-handed circularly polarized light are incident, a stronger light spot is also arranged at the corresponding position, and the light intensity is reduced to half due to orthogonal decomposition of energy at other positions. This result is consistent with the theoretically expected result.
To characterize the vector polarization characteristics of incident light, we modified the stokes parameter calculation formula to the following form:
wherein, I x 、I y Representing the intensity of x-and y-polarized light, I 45° Indicating the intensity of linearly polarized light, I R The light intensity of the right-handed circularly polarized light is expressed, and the formula shows that the full stokes parameter of the incident light can be completely reconstructed only by the light intensity information of four different polarization base vectors. Therefore, 16 groups of polarized light with any Stokes parameters are incident, and the light intensity information of the polarized light at the position of a focal plane is recorded. Full stokes parameter results of 16 groups of polarized light are reconstructed through an integral operation and an error compensation mechanism of an energy field of a monitor, all stokes parameter results calculated according to light intensity data of four groups of different polarization basis vectors of a focal plane obtained by the monitor are shown in fig. 10, wherein a hollow circle represents an incident theoretical stokes parameter result, and a solid circle represents the stokes parameter results reconstructed under different wavelengths. It can be seen that the reconstructed values of the 16 sets of results are substantially consistent with theoretically expected values, and the error between the reconstructed results and the theoretical values at any wavelength in the broadband is kept within 2%, so that the results are consistent.
Claims (7)
1. A broadband full-Stokes vector polarization detection device based on an achromatic superlens is characterized by comprising a silicon dioxide substrate and a subwavelength unit structure arranged on the silicon dioxide substrate, wherein: the sub-wavelength unit structure is composed of four modules, namely an x-linear polarization achromatic superlens, a y-linear polarization achromatic superlens, a 45-degree linear polarization achromatic superlens and a right-handed circular polarization achromatic superlens.
2. The broadband full-stokes vector polarization detection device based on the achromatic superlens according to claim 1, wherein the four basic modules are adjacently combined to form a super-pixel unit, the focusing wavelength is in a broadband range of 1 μm-1.25 μm, and the focal length of any wavelength of incident light in the broadband range is the same.
3. The broadband full-stokes vector polarization detection device based on the achromatic superlens of claim 1, wherein the sub-wavelength unit structure is a silicon medium rectangular nano-pillar structure.
4. The broadband full-stokes vector polarization detection device based on the achromatic superlens of claim 3, wherein the height of the silicon medium rectangular nanocolumn is 750nm, and the structure period of the sub-wavelength unit is less than the working wavelength.
5. The broadband full stokes vector polarization detection device based on achromatic superlens of claim 1, wherein the four modules are of a square structure with a period of 20 x 20 and a size of 10 μm x 10 μm, each module has a focal length of f =20 μm, and four polarized light components are focused at the center of the focal plane at the same time.
6. The broadband full-stokes vector polarization detection device based on the achromatic superlens of claim 1, wherein the four basic modules consist of rectangular nano-columns with different lengths and widths, which are obtained by searching through a particle swarm optimization algorithm, and the modulation phase of each module realizes a broadband through parameter indexing and simultaneously meets the focusing phase distribution of the lens
Wherein w represents frequency, f represents focal length of the lens, r is size of the superlens, and C (w) represents parameters of the particle swarm optimization algorithm.
7. The broadband full-stokes vector polarization detection device based on the achromatic superlens according to claim 1, wherein the x-ray polarization achromatic superlens optimizes the length and width dimensions of the nano-column through a particle swarm optimization algorithm to realize phase matching at a target wavelength, and the rotation angle of the unit structure is 0; the y-linear polarization achromatic superlens is realized by clockwise rotating the x-linear polarization unit structure by 90 degrees around the symmetrical center of the x-linear polarization unit structure; the 45-degree linear polarization achromatic superlens is realized by clockwise rotating an x-ray polarization unit structure by 45 degrees around the symmetrical center of the x-ray polarization unit structure; the right-handed circular polarization achromatic super lens introduces a geometric phase, and the length, the width and the rotation angle of the nano column are optimized through a particle swarm optimization algorithm to realize phase matching at the target wavelength.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN118129908A (en) * | 2024-05-08 | 2024-06-04 | 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 | Polarization imaging spectrometer based on polarization grating spectral and polarization spectrum reconstruction method |
| CN118129906A (en) * | 2024-05-08 | 2024-06-04 | 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 | Snapshot polarization imaging spectrometer based on super surface and polarization map reconstruction method |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN118129908A (en) * | 2024-05-08 | 2024-06-04 | 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 | Polarization imaging spectrometer based on polarization grating spectral and polarization spectrum reconstruction method |
| CN118129906A (en) * | 2024-05-08 | 2024-06-04 | 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 | Snapshot polarization imaging spectrometer based on super surface and polarization map reconstruction method |
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