CN107084788A - A kind of multi-optical spectrum imaging system - Google Patents
A kind of multi-optical spectrum imaging system Download PDFInfo
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- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 238000003491 array Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 35
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000000701 chemical imaging Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012805 post-processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004611 spectroscopical analysis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004973 liquid crystal related substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013507 mapping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- VMXUWOKSQNHOCA-UKTHLTGXSA-N ranitidine Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)\C=C(/NC)NCCSCC1=CC=C(CN(C)C)O1 VMXUWOKSQNHOCA-UKTHLTGXSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009897 systematic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
- G01J3/28—Investigating the spectrum
- G01J3/2823—Imaging spectrometer
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
- G01J3/02—Details
- G01J3/0205—Optical elements not provided otherwise, e.g. optical manifolds, diffusers, windows
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
- G01J3/28—Investigating the spectrum
- G01J3/2823—Imaging spectrometer
- G01J2003/2826—Multispectral imaging, e.g. filter imaging
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of multi-optical spectrum imaging system, including：Image-forming objective lens, filter arrays and the planar array detector set gradually；Wherein：Image-forming objective lens realize the function of target imaging, by image-forming objective lens by the n band target imaging divided, are transformed to n corresponding target pictures；Filter arrays include n band, for realizing that visual field is split；Each target picture filters by filter arrays respective strap, forms corresponding target stripe picture；Planar array detector is obtained and recorded the information of each target stripe picture, the final partial data for obtaining target by photoelectric effect.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to spectral imaging technology field, more particularly to a kind of multi-optical spectrum imaging system.
Background technology
With the continuous development of scientific technology, aerial remote sens ing technique has been widely used in agricultural, mapping, marine exploration
With the numerous areas such as military surveillance, it is increasingly becoming people and obtains various spatial informations, discoverys and recognize the most important hand of target
One of section.Earth observation is carried out using the remote sensing instrument carried aboard, has the advantages that quick, flexible, mobility is high.It is right
For remote sensing earth observation, the raising that spatial resolution is not only relied only on to the detectivity of target is improved, camera is also relied on
The wavelength band and wave band number of covering.Obviously this relates to spectral imaging technology, by obtaining several or more the wave bands of atural object
Spectral information, realize object space information, radiation information, the synchronous acquisition of spectral information, it is possible to increase to target property
Comprehensive survey is perceived and recognized, greatly extends target resolution, the monitoring capability of remote sensing.
Multi-optical spectrum imaging technology is a kind of remote sensing technology occurred the phase at the beginning of the sixties in last century, its wavelength band and wave band number
Selection it is directly related with application target, by the acquisition to certain spectral information and full-color information, to disclosing the various of target
Physico-chemical property, raising target identification ability are significant.According to the difference of its spectrum acquisition modes, it is broadly divided into multiphase
Machine formula, single-lens multichannel beam splitting type and filter type, wherein filter type are divided into again, and optical filter is wheeled, Tunable filters
Formula, linear variable filter and wedge-shaped filter type.
Polyphaser formula is made up of multiple cameras, and different bandpass filters are configured before each camera, and correspondence spectrum is obtained respectively
Segment information.The multispectral camera of this form can realize collection of illustrative plates, single exposure just can obtain required spatial information with
Spectral information, and can easily change optical filter for different detection requirements and target.But, the camera of different optical axises
There is the deviation on visual angle each other, this needs to carry out multiway images perspective correction and matched somebody with somebody in follow-up Data processing
It is accurate.Meanwhile, the arrangement of multiple cameras adds the volume, quality and cost of total system.
The characteristics of optical filter wheel and Tunable filters formula is to share a camera system, and the former is that one is added before system
The optical filter runner of individual rotation, whole system only one of which camera system, but it is clear that to obtain the multispectral information of target, is needed
Multiexposure, multiple exposure is carried out to same target, and there is moving component, reliability reduction during work.The latter is that addition can in systems
Tuning filter, including liquid crystal and acousto-optic tunable filter, change logical optical wavelength by tuning signal and realize unlike signal
Obtain, it is also desirable to which same target is carried out multiexposure, multiple exposure to realize the acquisition of data cube, and wave band switch speed is limited, should
With being restricted.
Linear variable filter and wedge-shaped both forms of optical filter be all at detector target surface, one piece of covering or
Polylith wedge shape optical filter is either coated with the substrate of glass of gradual change filter coating, because pixel of not gone together at target surface receives to pass through not
Co-wavelength signal, pushing away to sweep by aircraft platform just can obtain multiple spectral coverage information and spatial information.The light more of obvious this form
Compose camera structure simple and reliable, but be too dependent on platform and push away and sweep, for air line, it is desirable to flying speed with
CCD transfer velocities are strictly matched, and attitude stability requires too high.
Single-lens multichannel beam splitting type is to add Amici prism light splitting using single-lens, and light is divided into multichannel, it is necessary to multiple
Detector receives each spectral coverage information respectively.Single exposure can just obtain all spatially and spectrally information, collection of illustrative plates.But work as
When spectral coverage number rises, Amici prism is complicated and detector quantity is excessive, involves great expense.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of multi-optical spectrum imaging system, used device architecture is extremely compact, lightweight
Just, reliable operation, stability is high, reduces requirement of the instrument to platform stance stability, and being well positioned to meet air remote sensing should
Use demand.
The purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions：
A kind of multi-optical spectrum imaging system, including：Image-forming objective lens, filter arrays and the planar array detector set gradually；
Wherein：
Image-forming objective lens realize the function of target imaging, by image-forming objective lens by the n band target imaging divided, convert
For n corresponding target pictures；
Filter arrays include n band, for realizing that visual field is split；Each target picture passes through the corresponding bar of filter arrays
Band filters, and forms corresponding target stripe picture；
Planar array detector is obtained and recorded the information of each target stripe picture by photoelectric effect, final to obtain the complete of target
Data.
The filter arrays include：Film plating substrate and substrate of glass；
Film layer is coated with substrate, and n different bands have been coated with respectively, film plating substrate is formed；
Then, it is with optical adhesive that film plating substrate is glued together with substrate of glass, constitute filter arrays.
Each target picture filters by filter arrays respective strap, and forming corresponding target stripe picture includes：
Assuming that the spectral transmission func of n band is respectively on filter arrays：T1(λ)、T2(λ)….Tn(λ)；Target
As being O (x, y, λ), then the corresponding target picture of i-th of band is：
In above formula, it is assumed that heading is along Y-axis, yiRepresent center position coordinates of the target picture at i-th of band, a
Represent the width of i-th of band；λ represents wavelength；
Then the target stripe picture of the corresponding target picture of i-th of band is：
Ii(x, y, λ)=Ti(λ)×Oi(x,y,λ)。
It is described it is final obtain target the formula of partial data be：
The spectral transmission func of each band is approximately a Gaussian function in filter arrays：
Wherein, TpIt is the peak transmittance of spectral transmittance curve, λcIt is the centre wavelength through spectral coverage, σ is the side of waveform
Difference.
As seen from the above technical solution provided by the invention, the light spectrum image-forming principle based on filter arrays, in spectrum
In the case that hop count is few, the camera system of this form is equivalent to the bonus point optical device after a camera, and principle is simple, knot
Structure is compact, and weight is light, reliable operation, and stability is high；And multispectral camera is worked in small picture mode, greatly reduces instrument
Requirement of the device to attitude of flight vehicle stability, preferably ensure that the precision of spectroscopic data post processing, is suitable for airborne platform many
Light spectrum image-forming application.
Brief description of the drawings
In order to illustrate the technical solution of the embodiments of the present invention more clearly, being used required in being described below to embodiment
Accompanying drawing be briefly described, it should be apparent that, drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, for this
For the those of ordinary skill in field, on the premise of not paying creative work, other can also be obtained according to these accompanying drawings
Accompanying drawing.
Fig. 1 is multi-optical spectrum imaging system schematic diagram provided in an embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is multi-optical spectrum imaging system structural representation provided in an embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is filter arrays structural representation provided in an embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram for the filter coating that multiple different spectral coverages are coated with filter arrays provided in an embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 5 is the panchromatic smooth point range figure of system provided in an embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 6 is the panchromatic MTF curve figure of system provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
Embodiment
With reference to the accompanying drawing in the embodiment of the present invention, the technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention is carried out clear, complete
Ground is described, it is clear that described embodiment is only a part of embodiment of the invention, rather than whole embodiments.Based on this
The embodiment of invention, the every other implementation that those of ordinary skill in the art are obtained under the premise of creative work is not made
Example, belongs to protection scope of the present invention.
Embodiment
Due to current multi-optical spectrum imaging technology, otherwise volume excessively bulky complex, or comprising moving component, or posture
Stability requirement is too high.Therefore in order to meet the application demand of air remote sensing, the embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of multispectral imaging
System, the whole multi-optical spectrum imaging system structure of multi-optical spectrum imaging technology for employing filter arrays is relatively simple, be only responsible for a task until it is completed according to
Image-forming objective lens, filter arrays and the planar array detector of secondary setting.Systematic schematic diagram and system structure diagram such as Fig. 1-Fig. 2
It is shown；In figure, 1- image-forming objective lens, 2- filter arrays, 3- planar array detectors.Image-forming objective lens realize the function of target imaging, lead to
Image-forming objective lens are crossed by the n band target imaging divided, n corresponding target pictures are transformed to；Filter arrays include n bar
Band, for realizing that visual field is split；Each target picture filters by filter arrays respective strap, forms corresponding target stripe
Picture；Planar array detector is obtained and recorded the information of each target stripe picture, the final partial data for obtaining target by photoelectric effect.
This is extremely compact, and weight is light, reliable operation, and stability is high, reduces requirement of the instrument to platform stance stability, energy
Meet air remote sensing application demand well.
In structure shown in Fig. 1-Fig. 2, it is considered as adding a filter arrays in traditional camera system, puts
Put before planar array detector target surface.
Filter arrays are the key technology parts of multispectral camera in the present invention program, and its level of processing is directly connected to
The final spectral resolution for obtaining image.As shown in figure 3, the filter arrays mainly include：Film plating substrate 8 and substrate of glass
7；Film layer is coated with substrate, and n different bands have been coated with respectively, film plating substrate is formed；Then, with optical adhesive by plated film
Substrate is glued together with substrate of glass, constitutes filter arrays.
Exemplary, the optical filtering of multiple different spectral coverages can be coated with along the direction perpendicular to flight on filter arrays
Film, as shown in figure 4, be coated with 9-16 in 8 different band 9-16, figure can correspond to respectively blue wave band, two green light bands,
The optical filter band of two red spectral bands and three near-infrareds totally 8 spectral coverages.Distribution of 8 bands on planar array detector
Different field positions have been corresponded to respectively, and this just represents each spectral coverage and does not require that have well in fact in all field ranges
Image quality.According to each spectral coverage of actual imaging object lens each visual field image quality show, can select one it is more excellent
Arranging situation of each spectral coverage on substrate.
Each band filter coating can only pass through the image of corresponding spectral coverage, some row pixels one light of correspondence of planar array detector
Bands of a spectrum, then some bands of whole planar array detector correspondence.Obviously, different visual fields are filtered by each band filter coating, in face
What is obtained on array detector is the different spectral informations of respective field of vision, takes pictures obtain the two-dimensional space letter of a certain regional aim every time
The breath spectral information different with different visual fields correspondence.Pushed away and swept by platform flight, peripheral field is moved to the picture of planar array detector
Face center, exposes another spectral coverage information by the target is obtained, so as to obtain the partial data of target again.
For filter array type multi-optical spectrum imaging technology, its spectral resolution depends entirely on the light of each optical filter band
Compose transmittance curve, it is assumed that the spectral transmission func of n band is respectively on filter arrays：T1(λ)、T2(λ)….Tn
(λ)；Target picture is O (x, y, λ), then the corresponding target picture of i-th of band is：
In above formula, it is assumed that heading is along Y-axis, yiRepresent center position coordinates of the target picture at i-th of band, a
Represent the width of i-th of band；λ represents wavelength, x, y correspondences X-axis, Y-axis coordinate；
Then the target stripe picture of the corresponding target picture of i-th of band is：
Ii(x, y, λ)=Ti(λ)×Oi(x,y,λ)。
Finally the formula of the partial data of acquisition target is：
The transmittance curve of each band in filter arrays, is shaped as a rectangular function in the ideal case.But
Actually in most cases, the spectral transmission func detected is approximately a Gaussian function：
Wherein, TpIt is the peak transmittance of spectral transmittance curve, λcIt is the centre wavelength through spectral coverage, σ is the side of waveform
Difference.
Above-mentioned two formula is combined, can obtain final formula is：
In addition, the specific work process based on above-mentioned multi-optical spectrum imaging system can be summarized as follows：
1) target area is divided into the n band target consistent with filter arrays number；
2) each band target is imaged by image-forming objective lens, is transformed to its corresponding target picture；
3) each target picture filters by filter arrays respective strap again, forms final each band picture of target；
4) planar array detector is obtained and recorded the information of each target stripe picture by photoelectric effect, final to obtain the complete of target
Entire data.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that when system is realized, involved related algorithm can be by external or interior
The processing module put is completed, and thus, related process module is not showed that in system diagram.
Exemplary, the parameter of related device could be arranged in multi-optical spectrum imaging system：21 degree of the image-forming objective lens angle of visual field,
Relative aperture 1/4, focal length 162mm, using complication double-Gauss objective as this multispectral camera optics main system.It is whole
Individual system spectrum scope is 450~1000nm, and filter arrays 6 include 8 bands：Blue light, two green glows, two feux rouges, with
And three near-infrared spectral coverages.9 μm of 9 μ m of planar array detector Pixel size, nyquist frequency 56lp/mm.
Fig. 5 is the panchromatic smooth point range figure of system, is calculated by ZEMAX optical design softwares, and hot spot RMS (root mean square) is straight
Footpath maximum is approximately 6.2um, much smaller than detector pixel dimension；Fig. 6 is the panchromatic MTF curve figure of system, in nyquist frequency
Close to diffraction limit at (spatial frequency in cycles) 56lp/mm, image quality is good.
Said system of the present invention, because the light spectrum image-forming principle of filter arrays is simple, in the case where spectral coverage number is few,
The camera system of this form is equivalent to the bonus point optical device after a camera, and principle is simple, and compact conformation, weight is light,
Reliable operation, stability is high.And for the plated film of light-splitting device, the technique of the existing comparative maturity in the country can be solved.And it is many
Spectrum camera is worked in small picture mode, is greatly reduced requirement of the instrument to attitude of flight vehicle stability, preferably be ensure that
The precision of spectroscopic data post processing, is suitable for airborne platform multispectral imaging application.In addition, system that employs array spectral filter
Mode, simplify the structure of system.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but protection scope of the present invention be not limited thereto,
Any one skilled in the art is in the technical scope of present disclosure, the change or replacement that can be readily occurred in,
It should all be included within the scope of the present invention.Therefore, protection scope of the present invention should be with the protection model of claims
Enclose and be defined.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of multi-optical spectrum imaging system, it is characterised in that including：Image-forming objective lens, filter arrays and the face set gradually
Array detector；Wherein：
Image-forming objective lens realize the function of target imaging, by image-forming objective lens by the n band target imaging divided, are transformed to n
Individual corresponding target picture；
Filter arrays include n band, for realizing that visual field is split；Each target picture is filtered by filter arrays respective strap
Light, forms corresponding target stripe picture；
Planar array detector is obtained and recorded the information of each target stripe picture, the final complete number for obtaining target by photoelectric effect
According to.
2. multi-optical spectrum imaging system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the filter arrays include：Plated film base
Piece and substrate of glass；
Film layer is coated with substrate, and n different bands have been coated with respectively, film plating substrate is formed；
Then, it is with optical adhesive that film plating substrate is glued together with substrate of glass, constitute filter arrays.
3. multi-optical spectrum imaging system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that each target picture is by optical filter battle array
Row respective strap filters, and forming corresponding target stripe picture includes：
Assuming that the spectral transmission func of n band is respectively on filter arrays：T1(λ)、T2(λ)….Tn(λ)；Target picture is
O (x, y, λ), then the corresponding target picture of i-th of band be：
<mrow>
<msub>
<mi>O</mi>
<mi>i</mi>
</msub>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>y</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>&lambda;</mi>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>=</mo>
<mi>r</mi>
<mi>e</mi>
<mi>c</mi>
<mi>t</mi>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mfrac>
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<msub>
<mi>y</mi>
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</msub>
</mrow>
<mi>a</mi>
</mfrac>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>&times;</mo>
<mi>O</mi>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>y</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>&lambda;</mi>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>;</mo>
</mrow>
In above formula, it is assumed that heading is along Y-axis, yiRepresent center position coordinates of the target picture at i-th of band, a represents the
The width of i band；λ represents wavelength；
Then the target stripe picture of the corresponding target picture of i-th of band is：
Ii(x, y, λ)=Ti(λ)×Oi(x,y,λ)。
4. multi-optical spectrum imaging system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the final partial data for obtaining target
Formula be：
<mrow>
<mi>I</mi>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>y</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>&lambda;</mi>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>=</mo>
<munderover>
<mo>&Sigma;</mo>
<mrow>
<mi>i</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
<mi>n</mi>
</munderover>
<msub>
<mi>T</mi>
<mi>i</mi>
</msub>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mi>&lambda;</mi>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>&times;</mo>
<msub>
<mi>O</mi>
<mi>i</mi>
</msub>
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<mi>x</mi>
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<mi>y</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>&lambda;</mi>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>.</mo>
</mrow>
5. the multi-optical spectrum imaging system according to Claims 2 or 3, it is characterised in that each band in filter arrays
Spectral transmission func is approximately a Gaussian function：
<mrow>
<msub>
<mi>T</mi>
<mi>i</mi>
</msub>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mi>&lambda;</mi>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>=</mo>
<msub>
<mi>T</mi>
<mi>p</mi>
</msub>
<mi>exp</mi>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mo>-</mo>
<mfrac>
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<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mi>&lambda;</mi>
<mo>-</mo>
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<mi>&lambda;</mi>
<mi>c</mi>
</msub>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mn>2</mn>
</msup>
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<mn>2</mn>
<msup>
<mi>&sigma;</mi>
<mn>2</mn>
</msup>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>;</mo>
</mrow>
Wherein, TpIt is the peak transmittance of spectral transmittance curve, λcIt is the centre wavelength through spectral coverage, σ is the variance of waveform.
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| CN108896178A (en) * | 2018-05-29 | 2018-11-27 | 中国科学院光电研究院 | A kind of multiplexing multi-spectral imager |
| CN111323122A (en) * | 2020-03-11 | 2020-06-23 | 中国科学院国家空间科学中心 | Satellite-borne multi-channel aurora spectral imaging device |
| CN113625436A (en) * | 2021-08-19 | 2021-11-09 | 苏州东方克洛托光电技术有限公司 | Multispectral imaging system of light filter array |
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| CN108896178B (en) * | 2018-05-29 | 2021-08-20 | 中国科学院光电研究院 | Multi-path multi-spectrum imager |
| CN111323122A (en) * | 2020-03-11 | 2020-06-23 | 中国科学院国家空间科学中心 | Satellite-borne multi-channel aurora spectral imaging device |
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