CN104713648A - Full-wave-band achromatism filter type spectral camera - Google Patents
Full-wave-band achromatism filter type spectral camera Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a full-wave-band achromatism filter type spectral camera, belongs to a filter type spectral camera in the technical field of spectral cameras, and aims to provide a full-wave-band achromatism filter type spectral camera capable of eliminating the aberration of any wave band. The full-wave-band achromatism filter type spectral camera comprises an optical lens, a liquid crystal adjustable light filter (LCTF), an area-array camera and a controller, wherein the optical lens is fixedly connected with the LCTF; the LCTF is separated from the area-array camera; an electric control translation mechanism is arranged below the area-array camera; a translation platform of the electric control translation mechanism is connected with the area-array camera; the controller is electrically connected with the LCTF and the electric control translation mechanism; the electric control translation mechanism can drive the translation platform and the area-array camera to move together along the optical axis direction; the distance between the LCTF and the area-array camera can be adjusted, so that a clear sample image can be recorded on the area-array camera, and full-wave-band achromatism is realized.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to spectral remote sensing technical field of imaging, relate to a kind of filter disc type spectrum camera, particularly relate to a kind of all band achromatism filter disc type spectrum camera.
Background technology
High light spectrum image-forming technology is the image data technology based on very how narrow wave band that recent two decades grows up, and its most outstanding application is remote sensing field, and has larger application prospect at increasing civil area.It has concentrated the advanced technology in the field such as optics, optoelectronics, electronics, information processing, computer science, is the emerging imaging techniques that traditional two-dimensional imaging technique and spectral technique organically combine.
High-spectrum remote-sensing is the cutting edge technology of current remote sensing, its spectral resolution is up to nanometer scale, by the image that high light spectrum image-forming obtains, the spectrum dimension information abundant continuously of each atural object can also be obtained while obtaining spatial surface two dimensional image, define a kind of 3-D view of uniqueness, thus to have wave band many for high spectrum resolution remote sensing technique, the advantage that spectral resolution is high.Research shows that the half-breadth of the absorption characteristic of much atural object is 20 ~ 40nm, only has and adopts sufficiently high spectral resolution just can distinguish the atural object that those have diagnostic spectral characteristic.While acquisition object space characteristic imaging, also obtain the spectral information of testee.For the different spectral signatures of different atural object, utilize high spectrum image effectively to distinguish and to identify atural object, be thus widely used in atmospheric exploration, medical diagnosis, material classification and target identification, land resources, ecology, environmental monitoring and urban remote sensing.
The acquisition of EO-1 hyperion stereo-picture, mainly contains several modes such as color dispersion-type, interfere type and optical filtering flap-type at present.
1, color dispersion-type imaging spectral technology: be by incident light through prism or grating dispersion, by imaging system, slit be imaged on the diverse location of detector by wavelength;
2, interference type imaging spectral technology: be utilize the Fourier transform relation between the interferogram of pixel radiation and its spectrogram to obtain the spectral distribution of each pixel;
3, optical filtering flap-type imaging technique: be place one group of optical filter in image camera front, optical filter adopts mechanical turning wheel to control dissimilar optical filter by automatically controlled mode and rotates.
4, liquid crystal tunable filter technology: use the liquid crystal tunable optical filter LCTF (liquid crystal tunable filter) of electric tuning to replace mechanical optical filter runner, wave band can be realized fast tuning, by providing different voltage to LCTF, make, by the spectral wavelength of LCTF, there is selectivity, and the response time is very short, the continuously adjustabe of spectrum can be realized.
In prior art, based on liquid crystal tunable filter disc type LCTF(liquid crystal tunable filter) the Hyperspectral imager basic structure of technology by: optical lens, liquid crystal tunable optical filter LCTF and a set of battle array imaging system form, as shown in Figure 1.Optical filter LCTF is as the beam splitter of light splitting, the sunshine (or artificial light sources) of clutter reflections is through optical lens, by LCTF tuning filtering, last imaging in the battle array imaging system of face, the destination image data completed area array cameras exports by the image capture software of establishment is gathered, transmits, is finally stored on hard disk.In working order, area array cameras often exposes once, the view data of system meeting record wavelength two dimension.Controlled by computing machine by the selection of the centre wavelength of LCTF, computing machine sends instruction by serial ports and determines next centre wavelength, and obtains view data, so circulates, until complete the collecting work of all wavelengths.
Under normal circumstances, LCTF has two kinds of use-patterns in multi-optical spectrum imaging system: one is that LCTF is placed in optical lens foremost, and another kind is placed between expanded beam optics camera lens and imaging optical lens by LCTF.The former is directly connected with area array cameras by camera lens, accurately can focus and make imaging clearly, thus there is structure simple, a little both economical, but have certain thickness due to LCTF, have optical energy loss when the clear aperture of camera lens is greater than the aperture of LCTF and produce vignetting, the spectral resolution of image border is reduced, and the weight of LCTF also can affect the design of imaging system, coaxial for ensureing light path, supporting mechanism need be added to LCTF.The latter LCTF is directly connected with camera, can not have an impact to physical construction, and because the beam size between camera lens and focal plane is less than the entrance pupil bore of camera lens usually, the bore of LCTF can be smaller a little.But, because commercial camera lens designs according to the situation that camera is directly connected, add after having certain thickness LCTF between camera lens and camera, image can be made to produce distortion, aberration etc., and changing the magnification of system, the scale value of camera lens will be no longer accurate etc.
In above-mentioned two kinds of use-patterns, its common feature is commercial camera lens and the area array cameras that can select standard interface, it carries out Polarization Modulation and detection based on liquid crystal tunable phase delay device, by changing the on-load voltage of liquid crystal tunable phase delay device successively, the phase place of incident light is modulated in order, and by Inversion Calculation, and then realize the Stokes full polarization imaging detection of incident light.Liquid crystal tunable filter set is a kind of bandpass filter, with LCD electric-controlled variable delay sheet for main element is formed adjustable optical filter, realizes spectrum addressing or spectral scan by the voltage at adjustable liquid crystal display box two ends, completes the continuous spectrum analysis in certain spectral coverage.Liquid crystal tunable optical filtering module can also change rapidly the position of spectral band-width by adjustment voltage, different from traditional spectral scan technology, LCTF does not need the support of mechanical part.Liquid crystal tunable optical filter is fixed on before area array cameras, can to Same Scene continuous spectrum scanning imagery at a high speed.
But, be placed between standard lens and area array cameras by liquid crystal tunable optical filter LCTF, because light enters LCTF by standard lens, LCTF can change centre wavelength by light in the mode of electric tuning, LCTF is after often adjusting a wavelength, and area array cameras all can expose once automatically.And the refraction of light is determined by wavelength, focus face is caused to be decided by different wave length and colour.When the light of different wave length focuses on different points, color will seem fuzzy.The light focusing of each wavelength is to same focal plane (focal length of the light of different wave length is different), or the degree of amplifying the light of different wave length with standard lens is different and form a kind of phenomenon---aberration.The camera lens that focal length is longer, the situation of aberration is more obvious.General " achromat " can only carry out aberration elimination within the scope of a certain specific band, and does not also have now with full wave achromatic lens head.
From geometric optical theory angle analysis, camera lens is equivalent to monolithic convex lens.The focal length of convex lens is relevant with the refractive index of minute surface both sides curvature and glass.If lens shape is fixed, that is just only relevant to the refractive index manufacturing lens materials.And have dispersion due to optical material, and therefore, same eyeglass, for ruddiness, focal length is a little slightly long; For blue light, focal length is slightly shorter.
Shortcoming is summed up as following 2 points:
A. because different color light focal length is different, object point well can not be focused into a perfect picture point, so image blur;
B. same, because different color light focal length is different, so magnification is different, penumbra, picture marginal portion has the edge of rainbow.
Thus, how color difference eliminating just becomes a very crucial problem:
A, achromatism:
Utilize the glass combination of different refractivity, different aberration, can color difference eliminating.And this camera lens has very large limitation, be merely able to use at some specific band, the use of all band types of cameras can not be met.And for the second order spectrum produced: not achromatic camera lens increases along with wavelength of light, and focal length monotone increasing, aberration is very large.And achromat focal length first reduces rear increase with wavelength, aberration is very little.The residual achromatic aberration of achromat is just called " second order spectrum ".The different color light focal length variations that second order spectrum causes can not be less than 2/1000ths of focal length, and that is, lens focus is longer, and achromatism more can not meet the demands.When requiring higher to lens quality, the second order spectrum of the burnt achromat of overlength is very important.In order to eliminate the impact of second order spectrum on lens quality further, introduce apochromatism technology.
B, apochromatism:
If certain material can control arbitrarily with the numerical value of wavelength variations refractive index, then one design aberration full remuneration everywhere surely, thus there is no the camera lens of aberration completely.But the dispersion of material can not control arbitrarily, and available optical material is also just so limited several.And if visible light wave range can be divided into indigo plant-green, green-red two intervals, so these two intervals can use achromatism technology respectively, and second order spectrum just can be eliminated substantially.Through calculating proof accurately: if to green glow and ruddiness achromatism, so blue light aberration will become very large; If to blue light and green glow achromatism, so ruddiness aberration will become very large.
C, novel color difference eliminating way:
Select achromatic wavelength band, many factors be considered, as the radiation wave band scope of light source (or target), detector to the responding range of wavelength, the transmitance of luminescent material with the change of wavelength, application purpose of optical instrument etc.Amid all these factors consider, therefrom select the wavelength coverage of best correcting chromatic aberration.Because system uses commercial camera lens, be mostly design according to the situation that camera is directly connected.The achromatic spectral range of its camera lens at some specific wave band, such as at the visible light wave range achromat of 380nm to 720nm, near infrared achromat.These camera lenses all can not meet the demand eliminated full spectral band aberration.And after adding between camera lens and camera and having certain thickness LCTF, image can be made to produce distortion, aberration etc., then realize the debugging of focal length by adjustment camera lens, because scale value will be no longer accurate, the result obtained has error unavoidably, the problem such as cause image clear not.
Summary of the invention
Goal of the invention of the present invention is: for prior art Problems existing, provides a kind of all band achromatism filter disc type spectrum camera realizing any wave band aberration and eliminate.
To achieve these goals, the technical solution used in the present invention is:
A kind of all band achromatism filter disc type spectrum camera, comprise optical lens, liquid crystal tunable optical filter LCTF and area array cameras, described optical lens is fixedly connected with liquid crystal tunable optical filter LCTF, it is characterized in that, also comprise controller, described liquid crystal tunable optical filter LCTF and area array cameras are provided separately, automatically controlled translation mechanism is provided with below described area array cameras, the translation stage of described automatically controlled translation mechanism is connected with area array cameras, and described controller is electrically connected with liquid crystal tunable optical filter LCTF, automatically controlled translation mechanism;
Light enters liquid crystal tunable optical filter LCTF through optical lens, controller with the mode of electric tuning often adjust a liquid crystal tunable optical filter LCTF through wavelength, controller controls automatically controlled translation mechanism drive surface array camera and moves along optical axis direction; Then area array cameras carries out automatic exposure once, and the planar array detector in area array cameras records the corresponding sample image through wavelength; Finally multiple sample image is superposed mutually the image forming sample.
During the work of this spectrum camera, light enters liquid crystal tunable optical filter LCTF after optical lens, liquid crystal tunable optical filter LCTF with the mode of electric tuning change by the light of liquid crystal tunable optical filter LCTF through wavelength, controller control liquid crystal tunable optical filter LCTF often adjust once by the light of liquid crystal tunable optical filter LCTF through after wavelength, controller controls automatically controlled translation mechanism drive surface array camera and moves along optical axis direction, area array cameras automatic exposure once, the planar array detector be positioned in area array cameras on focal plane records each sample image corresponding to specific wavelength, and sample images even thousands of for hundreds of is superposed mutually the image just forming sample.But because different color light focal length is different, object point well can not be focused into a perfect picture point, so image blur, and penumbra, picture marginal portion has the edge of rainbow; Thus, if the sample image that planar array detector is recorded will produce image blur when there is aberration, area array cameras on the translation stage of automatically controlled translation mechanism and translation stage moves along optical axis direction together, distance between adjustment liquid crystal tunable optical filter LCTF and area array cameras, make planar array detector to record sample image clearly, therefore clear sample images even thousands of for hundreds of being superposed the image just forming sample clearly mutually, there is not the phenomenon of distortion, aberration in the image of sample.
As preferred version of the present invention, also comprise LCTF controller, described LCTF controller is electrically connected with controller, liquid crystal tunable optical filter LCTF; Controller produce control signal be delivered to LCTF controller, LCTF controller with the mode of electric tuning adjust liquid crystal tunable optical filter LCTF through wavelength.
As preferred version of the present invention, described automatically controlled translation mechanism comprises drive motor, translation stage driving shaft and translation stage, and described drive motor will move through translation stage driving shaft and pass to translation stage, and translation stage can be moved along optical axis direction.
As preferred version of the present invention, the output shaft of described drive motor and translation stage driving shaft are by belt, gear or chain drive, and described translation stage driving shaft and translation stage pass through rack pinion.
In sum, owing to have employed technique scheme, the invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
1, in the present invention, owing to being provided with automatically controlled translation mechanism below area array cameras, and the translation stage of automatically controlled translation mechanism is fixedly connected with area array cameras; When liquid crystal tunable optical filter LCTF with the mode of electric tuning change by the light of liquid crystal tunable optical filter LCTF through wavelength, if when there is aberration in the sample image image blur that planar array detector is recorded, the area array cameras that controller controls on the translation stage of automatically controlled translation mechanism and translation stage moves along optical axis direction together, distance between adjustment liquid crystal tunable optical filter LCTF and area array cameras, makes planar array detector to record sample image clearly; Therefore when liquid crystal tunable optical filter LCTF is by the different light through wavelength, all by the distance between automatically controlled translation mechanism adjustment liquid crystal tunable optical filter LCTF and area array cameras, make planar array detector to record sample image clearly, and clear sample images even thousands of for hundreds of is superposed the image just forming sample clearly mutually, there is not the phenomenon of distortion, aberration, thus the elimination of full wave aberration can be realized on spectrum camera.
2, in the present invention, also be provided with LCTF controller, controller directly produces control signal and control signal is delivered to respectively automatically controlled translation mechanism and LCTF controller, LCTF controller controls the control voltage of liquid crystal tunable optical filter LCTF according to control signal, make liquid crystal tunable optical filter LCTF with the mode of electric tuning change by the light of liquid crystal tunable optical filter LCTF through wavelength, automatically controlled translation mechanism drives translation stage and area array cameras to move according to control signal, and mutually the mating through wavelength of the distance of translation stage and area array cameras movement and the light by liquid crystal tunable optical filter LCTF, thus by controller and LCTF controller, effectively can control the work of automatically controlled translation mechanism and liquid crystal tunable optical filter LCTF, work between automatically controlled translation mechanism and liquid crystal tunable optical filter LCTF is mated, the sample image that planar array detector is recorded is more clear, thus can realize the elimination of full wave aberration on spectrum camera.
3, in the present invention, automatically controlled translation mechanism comprises drive motor, translation stage driving shaft and translation stage, drive motor is stepper motor, just turn an angle often to signal drive motor and the final translation stage that drives moves a certain distance along optical axis direction, it is more clear that the area array cameras the most at last on translation stage and translation stage moves to the sample image that suitable location makes planar array detector is recorded; So it is high that control accuracy is moved in the position of this automatically controlled translation mechanism to translation stage and area array cameras.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of liquid crystal tunable optical filter LCTF when being placed in optical lens front;
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of liquid crystal tunable optical filter LCTF when being placed between optical lens and area array cameras;
Fig. 3 is structural representation of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is FB(flow block) of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is the stereographic map of automatically controlled translation mechanism in the present invention;
Fig. 6 is the vertical view of automatically controlled translation mechanism in the present invention;
Fig. 7 is the left view of automatically controlled translation mechanism in the present invention;
Mark in figure: 1-optical lens, 2-liquid crystal tunable optical filter LCTF, 3-area array cameras, 4-automatically controlled translation mechanism, 5-controller, 41-drive motor, 42-translation stage driving shaft, 43-translation stage.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention is described in detail.
In order to make object of the present invention, technical scheme and advantage clearly understand, below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the present invention is further elaborated.Should be appreciated that specific embodiment described herein only in order to explain the present invention, be not intended to limit the present invention.
embodiment 1
A kind of all band achromatism filter disc type spectrum camera, this spectrum camera comprises optical lens 1, liquid crystal tunable optical filter LCTF2 and area array cameras 3, optical lens 1, liquid crystal tunable optical filter LCTF2 and area array cameras 3 set gradually, and optical lens 1 is fixedly connected with liquid crystal tunable optical filter LCTF2, liquid crystal tunable optical filter LCTF2 and area array cameras 3 mutual disengaging are provided separately.Be provided with automatically controlled translation mechanism 4 below area array cameras 3, wherein, be connected and fixed bottom the translation stage 43 of automatically controlled translation mechanism 4 and area array cameras 3, the signal output of area array cameras 3 is electrically connected with the control mainboard of automatically controlled translation mechanism 4.Also be provided with controller 5, this controller 5 is electrically connected with area array cameras 3, automatically controlled translation mechanism 4 and liquid crystal tunable optical filter LCTF2 respectively.After area array cameras 3 exposes, controller 5 just produces control signal, this control signal is delivered to automatically controlled translation mechanism 4 and liquid crystal tunable optical filter LCTF2 respectively, after liquid crystal tunable optical filter LCTF2 receives this control signal by change in the mode of electric tuning by next the group light of liquid crystal tunable optical filter LCTF2 through wavelength, after automatically controlled translation mechanism 4 receives this control signal, the area array cameras 3 driven above translation stage 43 and translation stage 43 is moved along optical axis direction.
During the work of this spectrum camera, in spectrum camera, be built-in with liquid crystal tunable optical filter LCTF(2 in advance) through wavelength and the area array cameras 3 above translation stage 43 and translation stage 43 corresponding through the displacement related data under wavelength, these data obtain by experiment.Light enters after liquid crystal tunable optical filter LCTF2 through optical lens 1, controller 5 control liquid crystal tunable optical filter LCTF2 with the mode of electric tuning change by the light of liquid crystal tunable optical filter LCTF2 through wavelength, controller 5 controls automatically controlled translation mechanism 4 again and drives the area array cameras 3 above translation stage 43 and translation stage 43 to move along optical axis direction; Liquid crystal tunable optical filter LCTF2 often adjust once by the light of liquid crystal tunable optical filter LCTF2 through after wavelength, namely controller 5 drives translation stage 43 and area array cameras 3 to move corresponding distance by automatically controlled translation mechanism 4, suitable through wavelength with under current state of this distance, then area array cameras 3 automatic exposure once, the planar array detector be positioned in area array cameras 3 on focal plane records each sample image corresponding to specific wavelength, and sample images even thousands of for hundreds of is superposed mutually the image just forming sample.Due to, when liquid crystal tunable optical filter LCTF2 is by the different light through wavelength, distance between controller equal adjustable liquid crystal adjustable optical filter LCTF2 and area array cameras 3, make planar array detector to record sample image clearly, and clear sample images even thousands of for hundreds of is superposed the image just forming sample clearly mutually, there is not the phenomenon of distortion, aberration, thus the elimination of full wave aberration can be realized on spectrum camera.
embodiment 2
On the basis of embodiment one, also comprise LCTF controller, LCTF controller is electrically connected with controller 5, liquid crystal tunable optical filter LCTF2; The control signal that controller 5 produces be delivered to LCTF controller and by LCTF controller control by the light of liquid crystal tunable optical filter LCTF2 through wavelength.Controller 5 produces corresponding control signal according to whether the sample image that planar array detector records is clear, this control signal is divided into two paths of signals to be delivered to automatically controlled translation mechanism 4 and LCTF controller respectively, automatically controlled translation mechanism 4 drives translation stage 43 and area array cameras 3 to move according to control signal, LCTF controller controls the control voltage of liquid crystal tunable optical filter LCTF2 according to control signal, make liquid crystal tunable optical filter LCTF2 be maintained by the current light through wavelength or the mode with electric tuning change by next the group light of liquid crystal tunable optical filter LCTF2 through wavelength; Thus by controller 5 and LCTF controller, effectively can control the work of automatically controlled translation mechanism 4 and liquid crystal tunable optical filter LCTF2, work between automatically controlled translation mechanism 4 and liquid crystal tunable optical filter LCTF2 is mated, the sample image that planar array detector is recorded is more clear, on spectrum camera, finally realizes full wave aberration eliminate.
embodiment 3
On the basis of above-described embodiment, this automatically controlled translation mechanism 4 comprises drive motor 41, translation stage driving shaft 42 and translation stage 43.This drive motor 41 selects stepper motor, and after inputting a signal to drive motor 41, drive motor 41 turns an angle with regard to correspondence.This drive motor 41 will move through translation stage driving shaft 42 and pass to translation stage 43, and translation stage 43 can be moved along optical axis direction.The output shaft of drive motor 41 and translation stage driving shaft 42 are by belt, gear or chain drive, and described translation stage driving shaft 42 passes through rack pinion with translation stage 43.In the present embodiment, output shaft and the translation stage driving shaft 42 of drive motor 41 pass through belt gear.
The foregoing is only preferred embodiment of the present invention, not in order to limit the present invention, all any amendments done within the spirit and principles in the present invention, equivalent replacement and improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. an all band achromatism filter disc type spectrum camera, comprise optical lens (1), liquid crystal tunable optical filter LCTF(2) and area array cameras (3), described optical lens (1) and liquid crystal tunable optical filter LCTF(2) be fixedly connected with, it is characterized in that, also comprise controller (5), described liquid crystal tunable optical filter LCTF(2) be provided separately with area array cameras (3), described area array cameras (3) below is provided with automatically controlled translation mechanism (4), the translation stage (43) of described automatically controlled translation mechanism (4) is connected with area array cameras (3), described controller (5) and liquid crystal tunable optical filter LCTF(2), automatically controlled translation mechanism (4) is electrically connected,
Light enters liquid crystal tunable optical filter LCTF(2 through optical lens (1)), controller (5) often adjusts a liquid crystal tunable optical filter LCTF(2 in the mode of electric tuning) through wavelength, controller (5) controls automatically controlled translation mechanism (4) drive surface array camera (3) and moves along optical axis direction; Then area array cameras (3) carries out automatic exposure once, and the planar array detector in area array cameras (3) records the corresponding sample image through wavelength; Finally multiple sample image is superposed mutually the image forming sample.
2. a kind of all band achromatism filter disc type spectrum camera as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, also comprise LCTF controller, described LCTF controller and controller (5), liquid crystal tunable optical filter LCTF(2) be electrically connected; The control signal that controller (5) produces is delivered to LCTF controller, and LCTF controller adjusts liquid crystal tunable optical filter LCTF(2 in the mode of electric tuning) through wavelength.
3. a kind of all band achromatism filter disc type spectrum camera as described in claim arbitrary in claim 1-2, it is characterized in that, described automatically controlled translation mechanism (4) comprises drive motor (41), translation stage driving shaft (42) and translation stage (43), described drive motor (41) will move through translation stage driving shaft (42) and pass to translation stage (43), and translation stage (43) can be moved along optical axis direction.
4. a kind of all band achromatism filter disc type spectrum camera as claimed in claim 3, it is characterized in that, the output shaft of described drive motor (41) and translation stage driving shaft (42) are by belt, gear or chain drive, and described translation stage driving shaft (42) and translation stage (43) pass through rack pinion.
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| CN111238577A (en) * | 2020-03-31 | 2020-06-05 | 南京信息工程大学 | Airglow gravitational wave multi-parameter detector |
| CN111238577B (en) * | 2020-03-31 | 2022-02-18 | 南京信息工程大学 | Airglow gravitational wave multi-parameter detector |
| CN111579070A (en) * | 2020-05-17 | 2020-08-25 | 北京安洲科技有限公司 | Implementation method of full-waveband hyperspectral imaging system |
| CN114112035A (en) * | 2021-12-07 | 2022-03-01 | 长春理工大学 | Portable LCTF imaging camera and imaging method |
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