CN112097904A - Spectral imaging system and method based on diffraction lens/zoom lens array - Google Patents
Spectral imaging system and method based on diffraction lens/zoom lens array Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
- G01J3/28—Investigating the spectrum
- G01J3/2823—Imaging spectrometer
Abstract
The invention relates to a spectral imaging technology, in particular to a spectral imaging system and a method based on a diffraction lens/zoom lens array, and aims to solve the problems that an existing spectrometer is complex in structure, high in manufacturing cost and poor in spatial resolution of a formed image. The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: the spectral imaging system based on the diffraction lens/zoom lens array comprises a diffraction lens array, a zoom lens array, a photoelectric detector array, a control unit and a data processing unit; the diffraction lens array, the zoom lens array and the photoelectric detector array are sequentially arranged on the same light path, and the light path comprises N wavelength spectral bands, wherein N is more than or equal to 2; the control unit is electrically connected with the zoom lens array, the control unit is used for adjusting the focal length of the zoom lens array, and the data processing unit is electrically connected with the photoelectric detector array; the invention also provides a spectral imaging system method based on the diffraction lens/zoom lens array.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a spectral imaging technology, in particular to a spectral imaging system and a method based on a diffraction lens/zoom lens array.
Background
The imaging spectrometer combines the imaging technology and the spectral measurement technology, simultaneously obtains two-dimensional space information and wavelength distribution information, can improve the accuracy of target detection, and can carry out deeper analysis and judgment on a detected target.
Imaging spectrometers are mainly divided into four categories: the first is a dispersive imaging spectrometer, which divides the spectrum of each point of the scene target by a dispersive element and projects the spectrum onto the pixel of a detector respectively, and obtains the spectrum image by scanning the scene target, and the imaging spectrometer can generally achieve higher spatial resolution and spectral resolution, but has large processing difficulty and high price;
the second type is a narrow-band filter type imaging spectrometer, which obtains a monochrome image of a scene through one snapshot and then obtains spectral images of different spectral bands by replacing or modulating a filter, and the imaging spectrometer also has higher spectral resolution, relatively low price and lower spatial resolution;
the third is a Fourier transform imaging spectrometer, which obtains the spectral information of the object by measuring the interferogram and carrying out Fourier transform on the interferogram by utilizing the Fourier transform relation between the spectral pixel interferogram and the spectrogram;
in optical tomography, a three-dimensional data cube is integrated in different directions to form two-dimensional projections in different directions, the projections comprise spatial characteristics and spectral data of an object of a scene, and the three-dimensional hyperspectral data cube of the object of the scene can be obtained by reconstructing the projection data by using a computer tomography algorithm.
The common spectrometer has a complex structure, is large and heavy and is inconvenient to carry. In the field of micro spectral analysis instruments, although there are corresponding products, there are some disadvantages, such as the micro spectrometer based on AOTF (acousto-optic tunable filter), which adopts acousto-optic modulation, and the spatial resolution of the formed image is poor.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a spectral imaging system and a spectral imaging method based on a diffraction lens/zoom lens array, which are used for solving the problems of complex structure, high manufacturing cost and poor spatial resolution of a formed image of the existing spectrometer.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: the spectral imaging system based on the diffraction lens/zoom lens array comprises a diffraction lens array, a zoom lens array, a photoelectric detector array, a control unit and a data processing unit;
the diffraction lens array, the zoom lens array and the photoelectric detector array are sequentially arranged on the same light path, and the light path comprises N wavelength spectral bands, wherein N is more than or equal to 2;
the control unit is electrically connected with the zoom lens array and is used for adjusting the focal length of the zoom lens array to enable the photoelectric detector array (3) to obtain spectral images i corresponding to different wavelengthsj(x, y), the spectral image ij(x, y) includes in-focus images of the corresponding wavelengths and out-of-focus images of other wavelengths; the data processing unit is electrically connected with the photoelectric detector array and is used for processing a spectral image i of the photoelectric detector array (3)j(x, y) obtaining three-dimensional data of the object spectrum of the scene through a reconstruction algorithm, wherein j is serial numbers 1, 2, … … and N of the wavelength, and (x, y) is a coordinate of the wavelength on a receiving image plane of the photoelectric detector array.
Furthermore, the zoom lens array comprises an upper polar plate, a lower polar plate and a liquid optical variable lens, the liquid optical variable lens is arranged at the through hole of the upper polar plate, and a voltage input end between the upper polar plate and the lower polar plate is connected with a voltage output end of the control unit.
Further, the voltage output signal of the control unit is matched with the signal output by the photodetector array in time sequence so as to distinguish wavelength signals under different voltages.
The invention also provides a method of a spectral imaging system based on the diffraction lens/zoom lens array, which comprises the following steps:
1) optical signals of the scene target are incident on the diffraction lens array, and the axial separation of the spectrums with N wavelengths is realized; n is more than or equal to 2;
2) the light after axial separation is incident to the zoom lens array, and a light beam with a corresponding wavelength is focused on a receiving image surface at the same position of the photoelectric detector array when the voltage is changed every time;
3) the photodetector array records a spectral image i after each voltage changej(x, y) spectral images i of different wavelengths can be acquired at different timesj(x, y), the spectral image ij(x, y) includes in-focus images of the corresponding wavelengths and out-of-focus images of other wavelengths;
4) spectral image i for N wavelengthsj(x, y) obtaining three-dimensional data of the scene target spectrum by using a reconstruction algorithm.
Further, the spectra of N wavelengths in step 1) are axially separated according to the following formula:
wherein r is0Is the radius of the innermost circle of the diffraction lens array, lambda is the wavelength, and f is the focal length of the diffraction lens array.
Further, the step 4) is specifically as follows:
4.1) calculating object plane spectral object matrix Ok(ζ，ξ)
Wherein:
k is the serial number of the distance between an image plane and a focal plane in the spectral imaging system with N wavelengths;
(ζ, ξ) is the spatial frequency corresponding to the wavelength receiving image plane coordinate (x, y);
Ij(ζ, ξ) is the spectral image i for each wavelengthj(x, y) a matrix after two-dimensional fourier transform;
4.2) object plane spectral object matrix Ok(zeta, xi) to obtain the spectral component o of the objectk(x，y)；
In the formula: k is 1, 2, … …, N;
j＝1、2、……、N。
further, the number N of wavelengths may be 3.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects.
The spectral imaging system based on the diffraction lens/zoom lens array has the advantages of compact structure, high luminous flux, staring imaging and the like, can ensure the spatial resolution while realizing higher spectral resolution, and has the advantages of low price and portability.
The spectral imaging system based on the diffraction lens/zoom lens array is adopted, the diffraction lens array light splitting and the zoom lens array focusing are combined, so that the spectral imaging on an image plane is received at the same position of the photoelectric detector array, the defect caused by moving the image plane in a mechanical mode is avoided, the system is simple in light path, compact in structure, high in integration level, good in stability and high in tuning speed, and the chip-level spectral analysis can be realized.
The spectral imaging system based on the diffraction lens/zoom lens array adopted by the invention can fully utilize the luminous flux entering the spectral imaging system through the axial dispersion light splitting of the diffraction lens, thereby being beneficial to the acquisition and processing of high signal-to-noise ratio optical information; meanwhile, the diffraction lens array can enlarge the imaging field of view of the imaging system, optimize the imaging quality, and greatly save the cost by utilizing the existing photoetching process for batch manufacturing.
In the spectral imaging system based on the diffraction lens/zoom lens array, the voltage input end signals of the zoom lens array and the spectral images output by the photoelectric detector array are synchronous in time sequence and matched with each other, so that the spectral signals with different wavelengths can be distinguished conveniently, and the spectral signals with different wavelengths are combined to form the hyperspectral three-dimensional data cube.
According to the spectral imaging system based on the diffraction lens/zoom lens array, the data processing unit can sample the continuous spectral image into the discrete digital image, the focused image in the discrete digital image is extracted, the focused image obtains the three-dimensional data of the scene target spectrum through a reconstruction algorithm, the spectral resolution is improved, and hyperspectral imaging is realized.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a spectral imaging system based on a diffraction lens/zoom lens array according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating an embodiment of the present invention in which light is focused on a photodetector array at three times.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of light incident on the diffraction lens array at three times respectively according to an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a zoom lens array in an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 5 is an imaging schematic diagram of a spectral imaging system based on a diffraction lens/zoom lens array in an embodiment of the present invention, where FFT is fourier transform and DFFT is inverse fourier transform.
In the figure:
1-diffraction lens array, 2-zoom lens array and 3-photoelectric detector array.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention and the accompanying drawings, and it is obvious that the described embodiments do not limit the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, fig. 2, fig. 3, fig. 4, and fig. 5, the spectral imaging system based on the diffraction lens/zoom lens array in the present embodiment includes: the system comprises a diffraction lens array 1, a zoom lens array 2, a photoelectric detector array 3, a control unit and a data processing unit;
the diffraction lens array 1, the zoom lens array 2 and the photoelectric detector array 3 are sequentially arranged on the same light path, and the light path comprises spectrums with 3 wavelengths;
the control unit is electrically connected with the zoom lens array 2 and is used for adjusting the focal length of the zoom lens array 2 so that the photoelectric detector array 3 obtains spectral images i corresponding to different wavelengthsj(x, y), the spectral image ij(x, y) includes in-focus images of the corresponding wavelengths and out-of-focus images of other wavelengths; the data processing unit is electrically connected with the photodetector array 3 and is used for processing the spectral image i of the photodetector array 3j(x, y) obtaining three-dimensional data of the object spectrum of the scenery through a reconstruction algorithm, wherein j is 1, 2 and 3, and (x, y) is a coordinate of the wavelength on a receiving image surface of the photoelectric detector array 3.
The zoom lens array 2 comprises an upper polar plate 21, a lower polar plate 22 and a liquid optical rheological lens 23, the liquid optical rheological lens 23 is arranged at a through hole of the upper polar plate, a voltage input end between the upper polar plate 21 and the lower polar plate 22 is connected with a voltage output end of a control unit, the curvature radius of the liquid optical rheological lens 23 is increased along with the increase of voltage of the liquid optical rheological lens 23, the liquid optical rheological lens 23 is reduced relative to a polar plate included angle alpha, and the focal length of the liquid optical rheological lens 23 is increased.
When the diffraction lens array 1 splits light, the system magnification is a function of wavelength, which causes registration error between spectrum images with different wavelengths and the pixel of the photoelectric detector array 3, the zoom lens array 2 is used for correcting the image magnification of an object, and focuses light with different wavelengths on the zoom lens array 2 on the same receiving image plane, and can adjust the focal length of the system through voltage change to focus light with different wavelengths and correct the imaging magnification of the light, so that the image magnifications with different wavelengths are equal.
The diffraction lens array 1 can be a Fresnel zone plate, a photon sieve, a Fresnel lens and the like, and the field range can be effectively enlarged through the array, so that the imaging quality is improved. The diffraction lens array can be prepared in a large scale by a micro-nano processing technology, and can be in an amplitude type or a multi-step or continuous relief surface type phase type. Each diffractive lens functions identically, i.e., separates the spectral information, focuses the imaging beam, and thereby obtains its spectral image information.
The voltage output signal of the control unit is matched with the signal output by the photoelectric detector array 3 in time sequence so as to distinguish wavelength signals under different voltages.
The invention also provides a method of a spectral imaging system based on the diffraction lens/zoom lens array, which comprises the following steps:
1) optical signals of the scene target are incident on the diffraction lens array 1, so that the axial separation of the spectrums with 3 wavelengths is realized, and the axial separation of the spectrums with 3 wavelengths is realized according to the following formula:
wherein r is0Is the radius of the innermost circle of the diffraction lens array 1, λ is the wavelength, and f is the focal length of the diffraction lens array 1.
2) The light after axial separation enters the zoom lens array 2, and a light beam with a corresponding wavelength focuses on the same position of the photoelectric detector array 3 when the voltage is changed every time;
3) the photodetector array 3 records a spectral image i after each voltage changej(x, y); the spectral image ij(x, y) includes in-focus images of the corresponding wavelengths and out-of-focus images of other wavelengths;
4) spectral image i for 3 wavelengthsj(x, y) three-dimensional data of the scene target spectrum is obtained by using a reconstruction algorithm, and spectral images with 3 wavelengths at different moments on a receiving image surface of the photoelectric detector array 3 are i1(x，y)、i2(x, y) and i3(x, y), spectral image ij(x, y) can be regarded as an object plane spectral target matrix ok(x, y) and a point spread function hjkThe superposition of the (x, y) convolutions, i.e.:
4.1) calculating object plane spectral object matrix Ok(ζ，ξ)
Wherein:
k is the serial number of the distance between an image plane and a focal plane in the spectral imaging system with N wavelengths;
(ζ, ξ) is the spatial frequency corresponding to the wavelength receiving image plane coordinate (x, y);
Ij(ζ, ξ) is the spectral image i for each wavelengthj(x, y) a matrix after two-dimensional fourier transform;
point spread function hjkThe steps of (x, y) calculation are as follows:
let the diameter of the entrance pupil of the optical system be 2a ═ D, the wavelength of incident light be λ, the corresponding focal length be f, the distance between the receiving image plane and the focal plane be z, the coordinates of the receiving image plane be (x, y), and introduce two dimensionless constants
From wave optics, we can get a three-dimensional intensity distribution I (u, v) near the focus:
wherein Vn(u，v)、Un(u, v) is the Lolmer function,
the intensity at the focus, a, represents the amplitude of the incident light.
The light intensity distribution I (u, v) of the receiving image plane is the point spread function h corresponding to the wavelength and positionjk(x, y), where j is the number of the wavelength λ and k is the number of the distance z between the image plane and the focal plane. Changing λ and z yields a point spread function at any arbitrary wavelength location.
The way in which the point spread function is experimentally measured is as follows: the wavelength of a monochromatic light source with tunable wavelength is selected to be lambda, the light emitted by the monochromatic light source is made to pass through a pinhole and strike on an optical system consisting of a diffraction lens array 1 and a zoom lens array 2, a movable photoelectric detector array 3 receives the formed image, the distance between the light source and the diffraction lens array 1 is fixed, and the position of the photoelectric detector array 3 is adjusted until the photoelectric detector array 3 can receive a clear image I. The light intensity distribution of the receiving image surface is the point spread function at the focal plane, the photoelectric detector array 3 is moved back and forth, the distance z between the photoelectric detector array and the focal plane is recorded, the light intensity distribution of the image plane under different distances is obtained, and the point spread function at any position of any wavelength can be obtained by changing lambda and z.
4.2) Pair matrix Ok(zeta, xi) to obtain the spectral component o of the objectk(x, y), i.e., processed image 1, processed image 2, and processed image 3, which are spectrally separated.
In the formula: k is 1, 2, 3; j is 1, 2, 3.
The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all equivalent structural changes made by using the contents of the present specification and the drawings, or applied directly or indirectly to other related technical fields, are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. The spectral imaging system based on the diffraction lens/zoom lens array is characterized by comprising a diffraction lens array (1), a zoom lens array (2), a photoelectric detector array (3), a control unit and a data processing unit;
the diffraction lens array (1), the zoom lens array (2) and the photoelectric detector array (3) are sequentially arranged on the same light path, and the light path comprises N wavelength spectral bands, wherein N is more than or equal to 2;
the control unit is electrically connected with the zoom lens array (2) and is used for adjusting the focal length of the zoom lens array (2) to enable the photoelectric detector array (3) to obtain spectral images i corresponding to different wavelengthsj(x, y), the spectral image ij(x, y) includes in-focus images of the corresponding wavelengths and out-of-focus images of other wavelengths; the data processing unit is electrically connected with the photoelectric detector array (3) and is used for processing the spectral image i of the photoelectric detector array (3)j(x, y) obtaining three-dimensional data of the object spectrum of the scene through a reconstruction algorithm, wherein j is serial numbers 1, 2, … … and N of the wavelength, and (x, y) is a coordinate of the wavelength on a receiving image plane of the photoelectric detector array (3).
2. The spectral imaging system based on the diffraction lens/zoom lens array of claim 1, characterized in that the zoom lens array (2) comprises an upper plate (21), a lower plate (22) and a liquid optofluidic lens (23), the liquid optofluidic lens (23) is disposed at the through hole of the upper plate (21), and a voltage input terminal between the upper plate (21) and the lower plate (22) is connected to a voltage output terminal of the control unit.
3. The diffractive lens/zoom lens array based spectral imaging system of claim 2, wherein the voltage output signal of the control unit is time-sequentially matched with the signal output by the photodetector array (3) to distinguish wavelength signals at different voltages.
4. The spectral imaging system based on the diffraction lens/zoom lens array according to claim 3, characterized in that the diffraction lens array (1) can be selected from Fresnel zone plate, photon sieve or Fresnel lens.
5. The method of claim 1, comprising the steps of:
1) optical signals of the scene target are incident on the diffraction lens array (1) to realize the axial separation of the spectrums with N wavelengths; n is more than or equal to 2;
2) the light after axial separation enters a zoom lens array (2), and a light beam with a corresponding wavelength focuses on a receiving image surface at the same position of a photoelectric detector array (3) every time voltage is changed;
3) the photodetector array (3) records a spectral image i after each voltage changej(x, y); the spectral image ij(x, y) includes in-focus images of the corresponding wavelengths and out-of-focus images of other wavelengths;
4) spectral image i for N wavelengthsj(x, y) obtaining three-dimensional data of the scene target spectrum by using a reconstruction algorithm.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein: the spectra of N wavelengths in step 1) are axially separated according to the following formula:
wherein r is0Is the radius of the innermost circle of the diffraction lens array (1), lambda is the wavelength, and f is the focal length of the diffraction lens array (1).
7. The method of claim 6, wherein:
the step 4) is specifically as follows:
4.1) calculating object plane spectral object matrix Ok(ζ，ξ)
Wherein:
k is the serial number of the distance between an image plane and a focal plane in the spectral imaging system with N wavelengths;
(ζ, ξ) is the spatial frequency corresponding to the wavelength receiving image plane coordinate (x, y);
Ij(ζ, ξ) is the spectral image i for each wavelengthj(x, y) a matrix after two-dimensional fourier transform;
4.2) object plane spectral object matrix Ok(zeta, xi) to obtain the spectral component o of the objectk(x，y)；
In the formula: k is 1, 2, … …, N;
j＝1、2、……、N。
8. the method of claim 7, wherein: n is 3.
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| WO2023116444A1 (en) * | 2021-12-23 | 2023-06-29 | 北京与光科技有限公司 | Spectral apparatus and terminal device having spectral apparatus, and operating method |
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