CN115486597B - 一种低阻力高透气性的医用口罩 - Google Patents
一种低阻力高透气性的医用口罩 Download PDFInfo
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- CN115486597B CN115486597B CN202211117531.XA CN202211117531A CN115486597B CN 115486597 B CN115486597 B CN 115486597B CN 202211117531 A CN202211117531 A CN 202211117531A CN 115486597 B CN115486597 B CN 115486597B
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- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- DTQVDTLACAAQTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trifluoroacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(F)(F)F DTQVDTLACAAQTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
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- XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclohexane Chemical compound C1CCCCC1 XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
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- VFKZECOCJCGZQK-UHFFFAOYSA-M 3-hydroxypropyl(trimethyl)azanium;chloride Chemical group [Cl-].C[N+](C)(C)CCCO VFKZECOCJCGZQK-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 7
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- RTJGBIGSNVJSDM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(2-isocyanatopropan-2-yl)-3-propan-2-ylbenzene Chemical compound CC(C)C1=CC=CC(C(C)(C)N=C=O)=C1 RTJGBIGSNVJSDM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
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- XMNIXWIUMCBBBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-phenylpropan-2-ylperoxy)propan-2-ylbenzene Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(C)(C)OOC(C)(C)C1=CC=CC=C1 XMNIXWIUMCBBBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- UKLDJPRMSDWDSL-UHFFFAOYSA-L [dibutyl(dodecanoyloxy)stannyl] dodecanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)O[Sn](CCCC)(CCCC)OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCC UKLDJPRMSDWDSL-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
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- UWFRVQVNYNPBEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(2,4-dimethylphenyl)propan-1-one Chemical compound CCC(=O)C1=CC=C(C)C=C1C UWFRVQVNYNPBEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- CHJJGSNFBQVOTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-methyl-guanidine Natural products CNC(N)=N CHJJGSNFBQVOTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- SWSQBOPZIKWTGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylaminoamidine Natural products CN(C)C(N)=N SWSQBOPZIKWTGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 125000002795 guanidino group Chemical group C(N)(=N)N* 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A41—WEARING APPAREL
- A41D—OUTERWEAR; PROTECTIVE GARMENTS; ACCESSORIES
- A41D31/00—Materials specially adapted for outerwear
- A41D31/04—Materials specially adapted for outerwear characterised by special function or use
- A41D31/30—Antimicrobial, e.g. antibacterial
- A41D31/305—Antimicrobial, e.g. antibacterial using layered materials
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A41—WEARING APPAREL
- A41D—OUTERWEAR; PROTECTIVE GARMENTS; ACCESSORIES
- A41D13/00—Professional, industrial or sporting protective garments, e.g. surgeons' gowns or garments protecting against blows or punches
- A41D13/05—Professional, industrial or sporting protective garments, e.g. surgeons' gowns or garments protecting against blows or punches protecting only a particular body part
- A41D13/11—Protective face masks, e.g. for surgical use, or for use in foul atmospheres
- A41D13/1192—Protective face masks, e.g. for surgical use, or for use in foul atmospheres with antimicrobial agent
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A41—WEARING APPAREL
- A41D—OUTERWEAR; PROTECTIVE GARMENTS; ACCESSORIES
- A41D31/00—Materials specially adapted for outerwear
- A41D31/04—Materials specially adapted for outerwear characterised by special function or use
- A41D31/14—Air permeable, i.e. capable of being penetrated by gases
- A41D31/145—Air permeable, i.e. capable of being penetrated by gases using layered materials
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G81/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by interreacting polymers in the absence of monomers, e.g. block polymers
- C08G81/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by interreacting polymers in the absence of monomers, e.g. block polymers at least one of the polymers being obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F1/00—General methods for the manufacture of artificial filaments or the like
- D01F1/02—Addition of substances to the spinning solution or to the melt
- D01F1/10—Other agents for modifying properties
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F6/00—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof
- D01F6/96—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from other synthetic polymers
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
- D04H1/44—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling
- D04H1/46—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling by needling or like operations to cause entanglement of fibres
- D04H1/492—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling by needling or like operations to cause entanglement of fibres by fluid jet
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
- D04H1/54—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by welding together the fibres, e.g. by partially melting or dissolving
- D04H1/542—Adhesive fibres
- D04H1/551—Resins thereof not provided for in groups D04H1/544 - D04H1/55
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
- D04H1/54—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by welding together the fibres, e.g. by partially melting or dissolving
- D04H1/56—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by welding together the fibres, e.g. by partially melting or dissolving in association with fibre formation, e.g. immediately following extrusion of staple fibres
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A41—WEARING APPAREL
- A41D—OUTERWEAR; PROTECTIVE GARMENTS; ACCESSORIES
- A41D2500/00—Materials for garments
- A41D2500/30—Non-woven
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Physical Education & Sports Medicine (AREA)
- Respiratory Apparatuses And Protective Means (AREA)
Abstract
本发明涉及医用口罩技术领域,具体涉及一种低阻力高透气性的医用口罩。本发明以聚丙烯为原料,先对聚丙烯进行氨基化反应,再与壳聚糖季铵盐衍生物通过二环氧化物进行接枝反应,得到改性聚丙烯;改性聚丙烯与驻极母粒混合熔融挤压形成熔体,熔体从熔喷模头挤出,经定型、冷却,形成熔喷布,对熔喷布进行水刺喷射穿透,水刺后烘干得到水驻极熔喷布;普通无纺布、水驻极熔喷布和防水无纺布经口罩打片、口罩焊耳绳、口罩封边制得低阻力高透气性的N95医用口罩。该口罩通气阻力低,透气性高,过滤效果好,同时亲水性强,且具有良好的抗细菌病毒效果。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及医用口罩技术领域,具体涉及一种低阻力高透气性的医用口罩。
背景技术
N95医用口罩是一种卫生用品,是戴在口鼻部位用于过滤进入口鼻的空气,以达到阻挡有害的气体、气味、飞沫进出佩戴者口鼻的用具。N95医用口罩通常由多层材料复合而成,多层材料可以包括纱布、多层热风防尘棉、pp无纺布、熔喷布等。熔喷布是N95医用口罩最核心的材料,熔喷布多以聚丙烯为主要原料,纤维直径可以达到1~5微米。空隙多、结构蓬松、抗褶皱能力好,具有独特的毛细结构的超细纤维增加单位面积纤维的数量和表面积,从而使熔喷布具有好的过滤性、屏蔽性、绝热性和吸油性,可用于空气、液体过滤材料、隔离材料、吸纳材料、口罩材料、保暖材料、吸油材料及擦拭布等领域。
普通熔喷无纺布的过滤效率不到70%,纯粹靠熔喷超细纤维的纤维细、空隙小、孔隙率高的纤维三维集合体的机械阻挡作用是不够的,所以熔喷过滤材料普遍都是会通过静电驻极工艺对熔喷布添加静电电荷效应,利用静电的方法提升过滤效率,使其过滤效率可以达到99.9%到99.99%,电晕放电法是目前使用最多的静电驻极方法。
电晕放电法是熔喷纤网在收卷前通过静电发生器针状电极(电压一般为5-10KV)一组或多组电晕放电的方式使熔喷材料带上电荷,施加高压时针尖下方的空气(低阻力)产生电晕电离,产生局部击穿放电,载流子受到电场的作用而沉积到熔喷布表面,一部分载流子会深入表层被驻极母粒的陷阱捕获,从而使熔喷布成为驻极体过滤材料。电晕驻极方式,产生的驻极体少,静电吸附强度小,电晕驻极电压较高压,电离的臭氧影响环境,危险系数大,驻极效果不理想导致;无纺布是通过无数细小的丝线组成,丝线排列杂乱无章,此方式只通过电极与无纺布驻极,不能够对无纺布进行物理疏通,导致无纺布通透性较差。
水驻极又叫水刺驻极,将熔喷布经过冷水冷却处理,把超纯水经过一定的角度、压力、流速对熔喷布进行一个喷刺,靠水与布的摩擦产生静电。水驻极熔喷布技术起初来源于美国,采用水刺驻极可以产生更多的驻极体,从而弥补水刺驻极过程中损失的电极,使无纺布通透性更好,驻极体稳定,保持时间长,吸附性强,保证低阻力高透气性,同时也可以达到好的过滤效果。
申请号为202110956677.2的专利提供了一种熔喷布生产工艺及高效低阻口罩,其以聚丙烯为原料,能够生产出过滤效率高、阻力小、布面又薄的口罩用熔喷布材料,制得的口罩只需采用单层熔喷布就能符合FFP2标准。但由于聚丙烯无纺布是非极性高结晶材料,分子内不含亲水基团,导致聚丙烯无纺布表面呈现疏水性,亲水性极差,使得细菌极易在其表面发生附粘、滋生,进而形成生物膜,生物膜的形成与持续性细菌感染密切相关,这严重限制了聚丙烯无纺布的应用。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于针对现有技术的不足,提供一种低阻力高透气性的医用口罩,该口罩通气阻力低,透气性高,过滤效果好,同时亲水性强,且具有良好的抗细菌病毒效果。
本发明的技术方案是这样实现的:
本发明提供一种低阻力高透气性的医用口罩,包括由内至外的普通无纺布、水驻极熔喷布和防水无纺布,所述水驻极熔喷布以改性聚丙烯为原料制备而成,改性聚丙烯的结构式为:
式中n为1-4,Chit为羟丙基三甲基氯化铵壳聚糖衍生物。
作为本发明的进一步改进,所述改性聚丙烯的制备方法如下:
S1、将叔丁醇、3-异丙基-二甲基苄基异氰酸酯、环己烷依次加入三口烧瓶中,在氮气保护下用恒压漏斗逐滴加入二月桂酸二丁基锡催化剂,然后在50-60℃反应7-9h,之后进行减压蒸馏,用环己烷洗涤、提纯,干燥,得到中间体1;
S2、将聚丙烯颗粒加入高压反应釜中,再依次加入步骤S1所得中间体1、过氧化二异丙苯、甲苯和苯乙烯,进行搅拌,通入氮气10-20min,排除釜内的空气,升温至140-150℃,继续搅拌反应,搅拌桨转速为200-250r/min,反应时间为5-6h,反应釜压力为0.20-0.25MPa,反应结束后,过滤,取滤渣,将所得滤渣溶解于二甲苯中,然后在丙酮中沉降10-12h,沉降完成后取沉降物,将沉降物在90-95℃下真空干燥20-26h,得到中间体2;
S3、将步骤S2所得中间体2溶于二甲苯中,再加入三氟乙酸,搅拌反应,反应温度为70-80℃,反应时间2-2.5h,之后将反应物倒入过量甲醇中,使反应物中的聚合物沉降,沉降物先用甲醇清洗,然后在碳酸氢钠饱和水溶液中过夜,再在纯水中过夜,固液分离,取固体,将固体倒入甲醇溶液中,搅拌30-60min,过滤,取滤渣,干燥,得到中间体3;
S4、向反应釜中加入乙腈和水的混合溶液,加入羟丙基三甲基氯化铵壳聚糖搅拌至溶解,再加入醋酸氯已定,之后滴加吡啶调节pH至6-7,升温至65-70℃,反应10-12h,反应结束后浓缩除去乙腈,加入乙酸乙酯萃取,有机相用水反萃一次,集中收集水相,将收集的水相进行减压浓缩后得中间体4;
S5、配制含有1.0%S4步骤所得中间体4、1.0%二环氧化物、0.3%氯化钠和1.0%氢氧化钠的抗菌水溶液;
S6、将步骤S3所得中间体3浸渍于步骤S5所得抗菌水溶液中进行接枝反应,反应温度为20-30℃,反应时间为20-25h,反应完成后,经皂洗、水洗、干燥,即得改性聚丙烯。
上述步骤S1-步骤S3为聚丙烯氨基化反应过程。
按上述方案,其中所述二环氧化物的结构通式为:
作为本发明的进一步改进,步骤S1中所述3-异丙基-二甲基苄基异氰酸酯与叔丁醇的体积比为1:5-6。
作为本发明的进一步改进,步骤S2中所述中间体1与聚丙烯颗粒的质量比为1:20-25。
作为本发明的进一步改进,步骤S4中所述羟丙基三甲基氯化铵壳聚糖的取代度为50-60%,所述水和乙腈的体积比值为1:2-3。
作为本发明的进一步改进,所述水驻极熔喷布的制备方法如下:
A1、选择改性聚丙烯为原料,在改性聚丙烯中添加驻极母粒,将驻极母粒与改性聚丙烯混合均匀形成原辅料,原辅料由挤压机熔融挤压以后成为粘流态的熔体,熔体被输送到熔体过滤器过滤,然后进入计量泵,计量泵输出熔体,熔体随后进入熔喷模头,熔体进入熔喷模头后,被挤压成连续熔体流,熔体流连续从熔喷模头挤出后,经过牵伸风道出来的热风将熔体束牵伸定型而形成纤维,纤维经侧吹冷风的冷却,随后形成的纤维丝束分布在网带接收机上纤维铺网形成熔喷布;
A2、选择自来水为水源,水源经过初步过滤,再经过反渗透膜过滤,紫外线消毒,再进行反渗透膜二级过滤,向过滤水中加入碱性工业试剂,完成中性纯水制备;
A3、通过高压水泵将步骤A2制备的纯水输送到扇形喷嘴,扇形喷嘴对熔喷布进行水刺喷射穿透,纯水与熔喷布摩擦产生电荷,完成水刺驻极;
A4、将水刺驻极后的熔喷布输送到烘干房内,采用电加热热风淋的方式进行烘干,烘干温度为70-85℃,烘干后接受辊筒接收,得到水驻极熔喷布。
作为本发明的进一步改进,步骤A1中所述驻极母粒为经过超声波处理后的聚四氟乙烯颗粒,驻极母粒与改性聚丙烯的质量比为3-7%,经过牵伸风道出来的热风温度为170-190℃。
作为本发明的进一步改进,步骤A2中所述初步过滤包括砂石罐过滤和活性炭罐过滤,反渗透膜为全芳香高交联度聚酰胺,碱性工业试剂为碱性高锰酸钾。
作为本发明的进一步改进,步骤A3中所述水刺喷射穿透道数为一道,水驻极生产线车速为7m/min-15m/min。
本发明还提供一种低阻力高透气性的医用口罩的制备方法,包括口罩打片、口罩焊耳绳和口罩封边等加工步骤。
本发明具有如下有益效果:本发明通过对聚丙烯进行氨基化反应;对羟丙基三甲基氯化铵壳聚糖(HACC)进行结构修饰得到具有双重抑菌作用的HACC衍生物;将HACC衍生物与氨基化聚丙烯通过二环氧化物形成的化学键连接,制得改性聚丙烯。聚丙烯分子结构中引入氨基和HACC衍生物,在不影响N95医用口罩的通气阻力、透气性和过滤效果的情况下,极大地提高了其亲水性能和抗细菌病毒效果。聚丙烯的氨基化反应步骤少,易操作,产物成分简单,提高了聚丙烯材料的亲水性能,赋予其极性和反应活性。HACC衍生物由壳聚糖季铵盐衍生化得到,无毒、无刺激性,其结构中含有季铵盐部分,季铵盐带正电荷,细菌的细胞膜带负电荷,二者通过静电吸引结合,破环细胞的正常活动;此外,季铵盐还能影响微生物的DNA转录,使其不能正常繁殖;而醋酸氯己定是一种双胍类化合物,具有非常强的抑菌及杀菌能力,能吸附在细菌胞膜的渗透屏障,使细胞内容物可以漏出,低浓度可以起到抑制细菌,高浓度可以起到杀灭细菌的作用,季铵盐和醋酸氯己定的协同作用赋予HACC衍生物双重抑菌作用。以改性聚丙烯为原料制备的N95医用口罩通气阻力低,透气性高,过滤效果好,同时亲水性强,且具有优异的抗细菌病毒效果。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本申请实施例,对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本申请一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本申请中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本申请保护的范围。
叔丁醇CAS号75-65-0;3-异丙基-二甲基苄基异氰酸酯CAS号2094-99-7;环己烷CAS号110-82-7;二月桂酸二丁基锡CAS号77-58-7;聚丙烯CAS号9003-07-0;过氧化二异丙苯CAS号80-43-3;甲苯CAS号106-43-4;苯乙烯CAS号100-42-5;三氟乙酸CAS号76-05-1;HACCCAS号9012-76-4;醋酸氯已定CAS号56-95-1;吡啶CAS号110-86-1;次氯酸钠CAS号7681-52-9;氢氧化钠CAS号1310-73-2;氯化钠CAS号1310-73-2;聚乙二醇二缩水甘油醚CAS号39443-66-8;乙二醇二缩水甘油醚CAS号2224-15-9;溴酚蓝CAS号115-39-9;乙腈CAS号75-05-8;乙酸乙酯CAS号141-78-6;所有化学试剂均为市售。
实施例1
本实施例提供一种改性聚丙烯的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
S1、将50mL叔丁醇、10mL3-异丙基-二甲基苄基异氰酸酯(TMI)、60mL环己烷依次加入三口烧瓶中,在氮气保护下用恒压漏斗逐滴加入2mL二月桂酸二丁基锡催化剂,然后在50℃反应7h,之后进行减压蒸馏,用环己烷洗涤、提纯,干燥,得到N-[2-[3-[丙-1-烯-2-基]苯基]丙-2-基]新戊酰胺(TMITBC);
S2、将30g聚丙烯颗粒(PP)加入高压反应釜中,再依次加入1.5gTMITBC、3g过氧化二异丙苯、300mL甲苯和4mL苯乙烯,进行搅拌,通入氮气20min,排除釜内的空气,升温至140℃,继续搅拌反应,搅拌桨转速为220r/min,反应时间为5h,反应釜压力为0.23MPa,反应结束后,过滤,取滤渣。将所得滤渣溶解于二甲苯中,然后在丙酮中沉降12h,沉降完成后取沉降物,将沉降物在95℃下真空干燥24h,得到[2-[3-[2,3,3-三甲基戊烷-2-基]苯基]丙-2-烷基]氨基甲酸叔丁酯(PP-g-TMITBC);
S3、将10gPP-g-TMITBC溶于200mL热的二甲苯中,再加入8mL三氟乙酸,搅拌反应,反应温度为70℃,反应时间2h,之后将反应物倒入过量甲醇中,使反应物中的聚合物沉降,沉降物先用甲醇清洗,然后在碳酸氢钠饱和水溶液中过夜,再在纯水中过夜,最后倒入甲醇溶液中,搅拌30min,过滤,取滤渣,干燥,得到2-[3-[2,3,3-三甲基戊烷-2-基]苯基]丙-2-胺(PP-g-NH2);
S4、向反应釜中加入40g乙腈和20g水的混合溶液,再加入1gHACC(取代度为50%)搅拌至溶解,再加入5g醋酸氯已定,之后滴加吡啶调节pH至6,升温至65℃,反应10h。反应结束后浓缩除去大部分乙腈,再加入20g乙酸乙酯萃取,有机相用水反萃一次,集中收集水相,减压浓缩后得HACC衍生物,其结构中的胍基能与次氯酸钠在氢氧化钠溶液中产生红色物质;
S5、配制含有1.0%HACC衍生物、1.0%二环氧化物、0.3%氯化钠和1.0%氢氧化钠的抗菌水溶液;
S6、将PP-g-NH2浸渍于步骤S5所得抗菌水溶液中进行接枝反应,反应温度为23℃,反应时间为24h,反应完成后,经皂洗、水洗、干燥,即得改性聚丙烯。使用pH指示剂溴酚蓝(BPB)染色,观察HACC衍生物与PP-g-NH2的结合状态,由于BPB与HACC衍生物的季铵化部分的离子键合,HACC衍生物附着的部分会被染成蓝色,通过染色发现PP-g-NH2被染成均匀的蓝色,说明HACC衍生物已经均匀地接枝到PP-g-NH2上。
反应式如下:
按上述方案,以Chit-NH2代表HACC衍生物,步骤S6中发生接枝反应的反应式为:
采用平板计数法对改性聚丙烯、HACC衍生物和HACC的抗菌性能进行检测,结果如表1所示,改性聚丙烯和HACC衍生物对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌的抗菌效果高于HACC的抗菌效果。当HACC的浓度为1mg/mL时,对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌的抑菌率分别为38.21%和25.32%,经过胍基化后的HACC衍生物对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌的抑菌率达到80%以上,改性聚丙烯对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌的抑菌率达到90%以上,优于HACC衍生物。
表1改性聚丙烯、HACC衍生物和HACC的抗菌性能测试结果
浓度 | 金黄色葡萄球菌抑菌率 | 大肠杆菌抑菌率 |
3mg/mL(HACC) | 90.54% | 54.21% |
3mg/mL(HACC衍生物) | 99.74% | 99.51% |
3mg/mL(改性聚丙烯) | 100.00% | 100.00% |
2mg/mL(HACC) | 70.36% | 32.48% |
2mg/mL(HACC衍生物) | 99.86% | 99.79% |
2mg/mL(改性聚丙烯) | 100.00% | 100.00% |
1mg/mL(HACC) | 38.21% | 25.32% |
1mg/mL(HACC衍生物) | 88.82% | 86.91% |
1mg/mL(改性聚丙烯) | 95.54% | 96.01% |
实施例2
本实施例提供一种水驻极熔喷布的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
A1、选择实施例1所得改性聚丙烯为原料,在改性聚丙烯中添加驻极母粒,驻极母粒与改性聚丙烯的质量比为4%,将驻极母粒与改性聚丙烯混合均匀形成原辅料,原辅料由挤压机熔融挤压以后成为粘流态的熔体,熔体被输送到熔体过滤器过滤,然后进入计量泵,计量泵输出熔体,熔体随后进入熔喷模头,熔体进入熔喷模头后,被挤压成连续熔体流,熔体流连续从熔喷模头挤出后,经过牵伸风道出来的热风将熔体束牵伸定型而形成纤维,经过牵伸风道出来的热风温度为170℃,纤维经侧吹冷风的冷却,随后形成的纤维丝束分布在网带接收机上纤维铺网形成熔喷布;
A2、选择自来水为水源,水源经过初步过滤,初步过滤包括砂石罐过滤和活性炭罐过滤,再经过反渗透膜过滤,反渗透膜为全芳香高交联度聚酰胺,紫外线消毒,再进行反渗透膜二级过滤,向过滤水中加入碱性工业试剂,碱性工业试剂为碱性高锰酸钾,完成中性纯水制备;
A3、通过高压水泵将步骤A2制备的中性纯水输送到扇形喷嘴,扇形喷嘴对熔喷布进行水刺喷射穿透,水刺喷射穿透道数为一道,水驻极生产线车速为10m/min,纯水与熔喷布摩擦产生电荷,完成水刺驻极;
A4、将水刺驻极后的熔喷布输送到烘干房内,采用电加热热风淋的方式进行烘干,烘干温度为80℃,烘干后接受辊筒接收,得到水驻极熔喷布。
实施例3
本实施例提供一种具有低阻力超薄过滤介质的口罩的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
B1、口罩打片:将普通无纺布、实施例2所得水驻极熔喷布和防水无纺布卷状布料安装到传送架子上,通过牵引经N95医用口罩打片机主机,通过主机时用超声波焊接,先将三层布料焊接在一起,再经过裁切,把布料裁成口罩基本形状;
B2、口罩焊耳绳:裁切好的口罩片体,通过焊耳绳机,将耳绳焊接到口罩片体上。焊接原理是通过超声波产生高温,将耳绳和口罩片体熔焊在一起;
B3、口罩封边:焊好耳绳的口罩片体对折后,通过封边机将侧边焊接在一起。焊接的原理也是通过超声波产生高温,将侧边熔焊在一起,输出完整N95医用口罩。
对比例1
本实施例提供一种具有低阻力超薄过滤介质的口罩,包括由内至外的普通无纺布、水驻极熔喷布和防水无纺布。
其中水驻极熔喷布的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
A1、选择聚丙烯为原料,在聚丙烯中添加驻极母粒,驻极母粒与聚丙烯的质量比为4%,将驻极母粒与聚丙烯混合均匀形成原辅料,原辅料由挤压机熔融挤压以后成为粘流态的熔体,熔体被输送到熔体过滤器过滤,然后进入计量泵,计量泵输出熔体,熔体随后进入熔喷模头,熔体进入熔喷模头后,被挤压成连续熔体流,熔体流连续从熔喷模头挤出后,经过牵伸风道出来的热风将熔体束牵伸定型而形成纤维,经过牵伸风道出来的热风温度为170℃,纤维经侧吹冷风的冷却,随后形成的纤维丝束分布在网带接收机上纤维铺网形成熔喷布;
A2、选择自来水为水源,水源经过初步过滤,初步过滤包括砂石罐过滤和活性炭罐过滤,再经过反渗透膜过滤,反渗透膜为全芳香高交联度聚酰胺,紫外线消毒,再进行反渗透膜二级过滤,向过滤水中加入碱性工业试剂,碱性工业试剂为碱性高锰酸钾,完成中性纯水制备;
A3、通过高压水泵将步骤A2制备的中性纯水输送到扇形喷嘴,扇形喷嘴对熔喷布进行水刺喷射穿透,水刺喷射穿透道数为一道,水驻极生产线车速为10m/min,纯水与熔喷布摩擦产生电荷,完成水刺驻极;
A4、将水刺驻极后的熔喷布输送到烘干房内,采用电加热热风淋的方式进行烘干,烘干温度为80℃,烘干后接受辊筒接收,得到水驻极熔喷布。
一种具有低阻力超薄过滤介质的口罩的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
B1、口罩打片:将普通无纺布、步骤A4所得水驻极熔喷布和防水无纺布卷状布料安装到传送架子上,通过牵引经N95医用口罩打片机主机,通过主机时用超声波焊接,先将三层布料焊接在一起,再经过裁切,把布料裁成口罩基本形状;
B2、口罩焊耳绳。裁切好的口罩片体,通过焊耳绳机,将耳绳焊接到口罩片体上。焊接原理是通过超声波产生高温,将耳绳和口罩片体熔焊在一起;
B3、口罩封边。焊好耳绳的口罩片体对折后,通过封边机将侧边焊接在一起。焊接的原理也是通过超声波产生高温,将侧边熔焊在一起,输出完整N95医用口罩。
对比例2
本实施例提供一种具有低阻力超薄过滤介质的口罩的制备方法,与对比例1相比,其中在水驻极熔喷布表面均匀涂抹抗菌水溶液,所述抗菌水溶液的制备方法如下:向反应釜中加入40g乙腈和20g水的混合溶液,再加入1g HACC(取代度为50%)搅拌至溶解,再加入5g醋酸氯已定,之后滴加吡啶调节pH至6,升温至65℃,反应10h。反应结束后浓缩除去乙腈,再加入20g乙酸乙酯萃取,有机相用水反萃一次,集中收集水相,减压浓缩后得HACC衍生物,配制含有1.0%HACC衍生物、1.0%二环氧化物、0.3%氯化钠和1.0%氢氧化钠的抗菌水溶液;其余同对比例1步骤。
对比例3
以市售的一种普通N95医用口罩(青岛海诺生物工程有限公司)作对比例。
测试例1
对本发明实施例3和对比例1-3的N95医用口罩进行性能测试。通气阻力测试按YY/T0969-2013一次性使用医用口罩规定进行测试;细菌过滤效率的测试按YY0469-2011医用外科口罩技术要求规定进行测试;大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌率的测试按GB/T20944.2-2007纺织品抗菌性能的评价规定进行测试;测试结果如表2所示。
表2 N95医用口罩性能测试结果
从表2可知,实施例3所得N95医用口罩的通气阻力小,透气性好,细菌过滤效率高,抑菌效果好,其综合性能均优于对比例1-3所得N95医用口罩;实施例3和对比例1相比,先对聚丙烯原料进行氨基化反应,再添加二环氧化物,使其在接枝反应中起到连接PP-g-NH2和HACC衍生物的作用,制得改性聚丙烯,以改性聚丙烯为原料制得的N95医用口罩显示出更加优异的透气性、细菌过滤效率和抑菌效果;实施例3和对比例2相比,实施例3所得N95医用口罩对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌率均在99%以上,而对比例2所得N95医用口罩对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌率均在85%左右,说明实施例3中采用接枝反应以化学键连接双重抑菌作用的HACC衍生物,相比普通添加浸渍和涂抹来说,前者的抑菌率更高,表现出更好的抑菌效果。本发明所提供的一种低阻力高透气性的医用口罩,通气阻力低,透气性高,细菌过滤效率高,同时亲水性强,且具有良好的抗细菌病毒效果。
尽管已经示出和描述了本申请的实施例,对于本领域的普通技术人员而言,可以理解在不脱离本申请的原理和精神的情况下可以对这些实施例进行多种变化、修改、替换和变型,本申请的范围由所附权利要求及其等同物限定。
Claims (8)
1.一种低阻力高透气性的医用口罩,其特征在于,包括由内至外的普通无纺布、水驻极熔喷布和防水无纺布,所述水驻极熔喷布以改性聚丙烯为原料制备而成,改性聚丙烯的结构式为:
式中n为1-4,Chit为羟丙基三甲基氯化铵壳聚糖衍生物;
所述改性聚丙烯的制备方法如下:
S1、将叔丁醇、3-异丙基-二甲基苄基异氰酸酯、环己烷依次加入三口烧瓶中,在氮气保护下用恒压漏斗逐滴加入二月桂酸二丁基锡催化剂,然后在50-60℃反应7-9h,之后进行减压蒸馏,用环己烷洗涤、提纯,干燥,得到中间体1;
S2、将聚丙烯加入高压反应釜中,再依次加入步骤S1所得中间体1、过氧化二异丙苯、甲苯和苯乙烯,进行搅拌,通入氮气10-20min,排除釜内的空气,升温至140-150℃,继续搅拌反应,搅拌桨转速为200-250r/min,反应时间为5-6h,反应釜压力为0.20-0.25MPa,反应结束后,过滤,取滤渣,将所得滤渣溶解于二甲苯中,然后在丙酮中沉降10-12h,沉降完成后取沉降物,将沉降物在90-95℃下真空干燥20-26h,得到中间体2;
S3、将步骤S2所得中间体2溶于二甲苯中,再加入三氟乙酸,搅拌反应,反应温度为70-80℃,反应时间2-2.5h,之后将反应物倒入过量甲醇中,使反应物中的聚合物沉降,取沉降物,沉降物先用甲醇清洗,然后在碳酸氢钠饱和水溶液中过夜,再在纯水中过夜,固液分离,取固体,将固体倒入甲醇溶液中,搅拌30-60min,过滤,取滤渣,干燥,得到中间体3;
S4、向反应釜中加入乙腈和水的混合溶液,加入羟丙基三甲基氯化铵壳聚糖搅拌至溶解,再加入醋酸氯已定,之后滴加吡啶调节pH至6-7,升温至65-70℃,反应10-12h,反应结束后浓缩除去乙腈,加入乙酸乙酯萃取,有机相用水反萃一次,集中收集水相,将收集的水相进行减压浓缩后得中间体4;
S5、配制含有1.0%S4步骤所得中间体4、1.0%二环氧化物、0.3%氯化钠和1.0%氢氧化钠的抗菌水溶液;
S6、将步骤S3所得中间体3浸渍于步骤S5所得抗菌水溶液中进行接枝反应,反应温度为20-30℃,反应时间为20-25h,反应完成后,经皂洗、水洗、干燥,即得改性聚丙烯。
2.根据权利要求1所述低阻力高透气性的医用口罩,其特征在于,步骤S1中所述3-异丙基-二甲基苄基异氰酸酯与叔丁醇的体积比为1:5-6。
3.根据权利要求1所述低阻力高透气性的医用口罩,其特征在于,步骤S2中所述中间体1与聚丙烯颗粒的质量比为1:20-25。
4.根据权利要求1所述低阻力高透气性的医用口罩,其特征在于,步骤S4中所述羟丙基三甲基氯化铵壳聚糖的取代度为50-60%,水和乙腈的体积比值为1:2-3。
5.根据权利要求1所述低阻力高透气性的医用口罩,其特征在于,所述水驻极熔喷布的制备方法如下:
A1、选择改性聚丙烯为原料,在改性聚丙烯中添加驻极母粒,将驻极母粒与改性聚丙烯混合均匀形成原辅料,原辅料由挤压机熔融挤压以后成为粘流态的熔体,熔体被输送到熔体过滤器过滤,然后进入计量泵,计量泵输出熔体,熔体随后进入熔喷模头,熔体进入熔喷模头后,被挤压成连续熔体流,熔体流连续从熔喷模头挤出后,经过牵伸风道出来的热风将熔体束牵伸定型而形成纤维,纤维经侧吹冷风的冷却,随后形成的纤维丝束分布在网带接收机上纤维铺网形成熔喷布;
A2、选择自来水为水源,水源经过初步过滤,再经过反渗透膜过滤,紫外线消毒,再进行反渗透膜二级过滤,向过滤水中加入碱性工业试剂,完成中性纯水制备;
A3、通过高压水泵将步骤A2制备的中性纯水输送到扇形喷嘴,扇形喷嘴对熔喷布进行水刺喷射穿透,纯水与熔喷布摩擦产生电荷,完成水刺驻极;
A4、将水刺驻极后的熔喷布输送到烘干房内,采用电加热热风淋的方式进行烘干,烘干温度为70-85℃,烘干后接受辊筒接收,得到水驻极熔喷布。
6.根据权利要求5所述低阻力高透气性的医用口罩,其特征在于,步骤A1中所述驻极母粒为经过超声波处理后的聚四氟乙烯颗粒,驻极母粒与改性聚丙烯的质量比为3-7%, 经过牵伸风道出来的热风温度为170-190℃。
7.根据权利要求5所述低阻力高透气性的医用口罩,其特征在于,步骤A2中所述初步过滤包括砂石罐过滤和活性炭罐过滤,反渗透膜为全芳香高交联度聚酰胺,碱性工业试剂为碱性高锰酸钾。
8.根据权利要求5所述低阻力高透气性的医用口罩,其特征在于,步骤A3中所述水刺喷射穿透道数为一道,水驻极生产线车速为7m/min-15m/min。
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