CN1154788A - Grain combine harvester - Google Patents

Abstract

A grain combine harvester, which is particularly suitable for harvesting rice and wheat in small and medium-sized fields. Since the uk first introduced a threshing station for direct threshing of field crops in 1990, the threshing station was used only as a replacement for existing combine-cutting stations. According to the working characteristics of the threshing and harvesting platform, the invention makes full use of the advantages and avoids the disadvantages, and designs the grain combine which has excellent performance and simple and complete structure and is particularly suitable for harvesting operation in small and medium-sized rice and wheat producing areas. The invention mainly aims at the design of the aspects of complete machine configuration, a threshing device, pneumatic blowing, a pre-separation pre-cleaning air channel, a double-layer stepped shaking and conveying plate, profile sensing, a double-axial-flow roller threshing device, computer automatic control and the like.

Description

Combine harvester

The present invention is mainly used in the combine harvester that the rice wheat harvest obtains in a kind of agricultural mechanical field, be specially adapted to the rice harves of medium and small field piece.

The paddy rice of China is transplanted usually in the piece of medium and small field, and cauline leaf is moist during results, ground easily falls into, threshing separates difficulty.Realize that mechanization combining difficulty is big.Adopt existing full feeding or semi-feeding type combine harvester results paddy rice, also exist defectives such as its usage economy is poor, production efficiency is low, yield loss is big.So the mechanization combining problem of China paddy rice is still a difficult problem that waits to solve.In recent years, developed directly take off receive or claim station stalk threshing, smooth out with the fingers the fringe results, the technology of comb fringe results, threshing prior to cutting.This process using elastoplasticity threshing element, for example rubber tooth plate or polypropylene tooth plate etc. are directly combed with very high speed and to be beaten field crops, realize taking off receipts.Take off and receive material, send into traditional threshing, separator by inclined transporter again and take off again and separate through the auger pinching.Series of advantages such as this technology has results speed height, and yield loss is few, and oil consumption is few, and adaptability is good.This technology can solve the rice harves problem preferably.The existing skill of knocking off of directly taking off is finished and is taken off receipts by taking off the receipts platform that takes off of receiving that cylinder and parts such as cover cap, auger thereof form.Take off and receive cylinder and generally be bordering on radially to be installed on the anistree cylinder and form by eight elasticity tooth plates.During work, the cylinder high speed rotating, Elastic Teeth plate hight speed is combed from bottom to top and is smoothed out with the fingers crop and finish and take off receipts.Because the at a high speed comb impact of smoothing out with the fingers, that comb is cut effect is very strong, takes off receipts so be called.Britain is advanced to the practical stage with this technology at first.Britain SRE (Shelbourne Reynolds Engineering Ltd.) company its cereal taken off in 89 years receive platform (grain stripper) product and push market after, accepted by the user of many countries rapidly.With take off receive platform and replace the ceding of Taiwan on traditional combine harvester after, the harvest capacity of combine has obtained significantly improving, service behaviour is significantly improved.When particularly gathering in the crops crops such as paddy rice, significantly reduce percent of loss, percentage of damage, improved operation adaptability and productivity ratio.This situation has also caused the great attention of China scientific and technical personnel and relevant enterprise.Join research, test one after another, use and take off the ranks of receiving platform.But experimental study both domestic and external only is conceived to install on the existing combine harvester taking off the receipts platform, and sees the operating characteristic of receiving platform according to not taking off, and redesign and layout are taken off the combine harvester of receipts platform special use.Have only unit such as Philippine International Rice Research Institute to develop and special-purposely take off the simple and easy reaping machine of receiving platform, but this class type Tai Jiantai is little.Greatly differ from each other with the type of China peasant expectation.Take off the receipts playscript with stage directions body room for improvement is also arranged.Particularly for medium and small type, the receipts platform that takes off of Britain shows slightly heavy.In addition, take off the skill of knocking off and leave over the stem stalk in the field.This is with to cut off stem stalk harvesting approach different.Present most of people thinks that this leaves over the stem stalk also is a problem, requires to cut off or shred the stem stalk in results.

Take off and receive platform and smooth out with the fingers the material of the material that takes off and ceding of Taiwan results and differ widely, the ratio of grain to straw that takes off the receipts material can reach 1: 0.2, and wherein single seed can reach 70%.Be aided with taking off of cover cap and receive cylinder and when high speed rotating, can produce 17 to 25m/s high velocity air, and the flow on the unit fabric width is very big.Take off receipts material itself and also have very high speed.Taking off the receipts platform can gather in the crops at a high speed, and it is very big that mass flow is received in therefore pending taking off, and requiring has corresponding separation, cleans, takes off again parts.Rationally utilize these characteristics, can significantly improve the service behaviour of cereal combine and reduce cost.

The objective of the invention is: at taking off the problem that the skill of knocking off exists, production characteristics at rice wheat producing region, receiving apparatus is taken off in redesign, redesign and arrange combine harvester conveying, device such as take off, separate again, provide and can give full play to the more perfect various informative combine harvester of performance that taking off the skill advantage of knocking off.

Technical solution of the present invention:

The present invention adopts strength to blow to take off the receipts material.And designed gas channel, utilize blow flow to carry out precleaning and pre-separation.Owing to take off and receive the high velocity air that cylinder produces and have and can follow, make directly to allow this part air-flow carry to take off and receive material and become possibility, so that simplified construction, and most of light impurity is directly blowed to tail as short broken cauline leaf and clever shell, so that alleviate separation, take off load again.Air flue is released to take off and is received the high pressure draught that cylinder produces, and to a certain extent, is beneficial to the spatter loss when reducing the low speed harvest operation.In the gas channel, the expansion chamber below, configurable double-deck ladder is trembled and is sent plate, so that in time isolate a part of seed.Double-deck ladder is trembled and is sent plate material to be sent into sheller unit to take off again and separate again.Because take off and receive material and finish by strength and carry and necessary pinching, so, do not need auger on the receiving apparatus or dial the standing grain device taking off.Because strength is carried and can be finished precleaning, tremble and send plate to finish pre-separation again, so, enter answering of sheller unit and take off material and just may be lower than half of always taking off the receipts material.Sheller unit can adopt two axial-flow type drum block form sheller units, and according to threshing, separation and power consumption characteristics, first axial-flow type drum adopts low speed, big concave clearance threshing and separates most of seed, and second axial-flow type drum high speed, little concave clearance tackle the minority difficulty and take off seed and finish mask work.Two axial flow cylinder arranged side by side can have multiple work combination.Like this, though feed quantity is bigger, power consumption is less, and seed damage is very little.The full panel height speed of puffer realization results become possibility in the employing thereby make.For asking simplification, can directly be blown into sheller unit taking off the receipts material.Sheller unit can adopt an axial-flow type drum, and this cylinder can be horizontal, vertically put, tilting or uprightly put, very flexible.Because the randomness that air flue is arranged is very big.Or front or rear or raise or turn and arrange the strength conveying circuit, make existing walking power and half feeding or feed type entirely can both be modified as a kind of useful form of the present invention.

Harvest technology flow process of the present invention is as figure (22)

In the process chart, the technology in the bracket can be economized in letter.

In order to reduce complete machine length, improve operating flexibility, and the road clearance when taking into account walking, the present invention is well-designed takes off receiving apparatus.Can arrange driver's cabin or driver's seat thereon.This takes off receiving apparatus and can not substitute with the ceding of Taiwan of traditional combined harvester.In order to improve the reliability that strength blows and to blow the pinching ability, can arrange one or several cross flow fans on the receiving apparatus cover cap taking off, auxiliary blowing taken off the receipts material.Cross flow fan turn to and comparatively flexible in the layout of taking off on the receiving apparatus cover cap.The employing strength blows, and transportation concentration is than big, and is not high to the sealing requirements of air flue.Cross flow fan claims radial air inlet blower fan, crossflow fan again.

Blow air flue and can be arranged to multiple tracks, so not only make the results fabric width flexible, more advantageously can adopt walking legacy systems such as existing tractor, automobile, be convenient to arrange flexibly other parts.The expansion chamber that blows behind the air flue also can adopt a plurality of.The design of the design of expansion chamber and turnover air flue to saving the space, as often as possible separates light foreign material, and is particularly important.Design is too numerous to enumerate.And with the inertia that makes full use of different material, to reduce airway resistance, dwindle the space be basic principle.Those skilled in the art can accomplish this point.

Air-flow will take off to be received material and blows after tremble the expansion chamber that send the plate top, and heavy foreign material are deposited to tremble and send plate to separate, and light foreign material enter the impurities removal air flue and blow out outside the machine.If it is bad that air flue is regulated, then can make seed blow out machine and cause damage outward.Perhaps only blow out a small amount of light foreign material.Therefore, can utilize the wind characteristic and the inertia of different material,, impacting type seed loss sensor is installed, detect and blow out damaed cordition in impurities removal air flue porch.And in view of the above, automatic or manual adjusting impurities removal airway resistance characteristic or switching impurities removal air flue enter the mouth or export size.Double-deck ladder under the expansion chamber is trembled and is sent plate to tremble with individual layer to send pull over wheel and compass screen surface thereof of plate or slide plate or a group to replace.

Because take off and receive cylinder and only seldom a part of cauline leaf is smoothed out with the fingers and taken off, most of stem stalk still is erected at the field.This situation is very unfavorable to the subsequent job of medium and small field piece, need handle residual stem stalk.For this reason can be after taking off the receipts cylinder, before the running gear, transportation air flue below disposes the cutter that can hang down batch cutter of cutting at a high speed or shred the stem stalk and rolls, so that in time cut off residual stem stalk.Cutter or skins cutter roll to be hinged on and take off on the receiving apparatus.Also can be at the rear of running gear, the hinged cover straw handling unit of single-point, this device can be by the hydraulic jack lifting.The function of this device can have: will cut the stem stalk and collect slivering or in heaps; The diffusing stem stalk of broken and throwing; Suppression stem stalk makes its lodging at the field face; Spray chemical agent and overwhelm stem stalk etc.

The present invention disposes crawler type or running gear system is all right.2.5 the following type of rice preferably adopts rubber belt track running gear.The configuration of engine is also more flexible, practical.Driver's cabin is arranged in top in the front portion.The side hanging driver's cabin then can reduce the complete machine height.

If the per hectare rice yield is 9 tons, machine is with 8m/s speed results, and then the grain harvest amount is 7.2kg/s.m.Consider foreign material such as cauline leaf, can establish and actually take off that to receive material be 8.5kg/s.m.If through precleaning, pre-separation, the actual material that arrives sheller unit is 4kg/s.m, and then the machine of 2.5 meters results fabric widths is with the full width of cloth results of 8m/s speed paddy rice, and its sheller unit disposal ability should reach 10kg/s.By traditional concept, this is extremely difficult.But it should be noted that the material that takes off the composition of receiving material and traditional ceding of Taiwan results differs widely, correspondingly the structure of its sheller unit is also essential does corresponding the adjustment, with the satisfied demand of taking off material of replying immediately soon.To take off and receive platform facts have proved of traditional combine harvester that change the outfit, and reply immediately soon and take off and to realize.And the material that takes off again of the present invention has passed through precleaning and pre-separation.The twin-roll sheller unit of uniqueness of the present invention can be handled big flow well and take off the receipts material.

Rice lodging, tangle, high humidity, during the difficulty in walking of field, but low speed results.The situation of plant lodging has nothing in common with each other.For the lodging in early stage, general cauline leaf is withered crisp, yields poorly.Take off this moment to receive in the material and contain a large amount of long shoot stalks, ratio of grain to straw can reach 1: 1.Suppose that output per hectare this moment is 4 tons, machine then takes off the receipts material and can reach 2.4kg/s.m with 3m/s speed results.If precleaning separates 0.8kg/s.m.Then the machine of 2.5 meters results fabric widths is with the full width of cloth results of 3m/s speed paddy rice, and the disposal ability of its sheller unit should reach 4kg/s.If sheller unit can satisfy under the preferable operating mode, then in this case can be too not difficult yet.It should be noted that cauline leaf tensile strength is lower at this moment.Another kind of situation is the later stage lodging, and this moment, cauline leaf tensile strength was bigger, takes off the receipts material that takes off of receiving material and standing crop and forms approaching.Can allow machine gather in the crops with 4m/s speed this moment.Load when the load of sheller unit can be than optimum condition is big.

The present invention extremely is beneficial to quick results wheat crops.Because wheat crops can directly blow out through the air channel at a large amount of clever shell that takes off the time receiving generation.Reduced the material behind the clever shell, its separating property and take off again performance be improved significantly.In addition, the output of wheat crops is generally low than paddy rice, and humidity is low, and threshing is also easy than paddy rice.This also is that the work of existing cereal combine receipts wheat is good, receives the then difficult reason of rice.

Because the present invention has adopted the existing section construction of receiving platform of taking off.Therefore existing taking off received the crop varieties that platform can be gathered in the crops, and the present invention can gather in the crops equally.And the present invention has redesigned and has taken off receiving apparatus, particularly takes off and receives width and take off the replacing of receipts tooth plate flexibly, and many air flues take off the profiling ability of receiving apparatus to be strengthened to some extent, is more conducive to enlarge the results scope.

Elaborate below in conjunction with accompanying drawing:

Each label title is as follows in the accompanying drawing: 1. signal lamp, 2. illuminating lamp, 3. tanker, 4. driver's cabin, 5. slide plate, 6. first cylinder, 7. double-deck ladder is trembled and is sent plate, 8. rebound, 9. back cover cap, 10 front covers, 11. take off the receipts cylinder, 12. choke plates, 13. curved plate, 14. take off the receiving apparatus lift cylinder, 15. cutter lift cylinders, 16. cutter, 17. clear grain blower fans, 18. running gears, 19. the transportation auger conveyor, 20. drain pans, 21. assorted surplus recovery auger conveyors, 22. straw handling unit, 23. hoisting frames, 24. straw handling unit lift cylinders, 25. lip(ped) sieve, 26. suspension rods, 27. second tin rollers, 28. the grain extraction unloading auger conveyer, 29. engines, 30. profiling bars, 31. nearside divider, 32. copying devices, 33. side plates, 34. take over air flue on 35., 36. shaft end gear casees, 37. universal joint, 38. the driving shaft gear case, 39. air flue upper covers, 40. side cover caps.The mechanism 41. pull over, 42. blower fans, 43. bolters, 44. middle nearside dividers, 45. axle middle gear case, 46. drives, 47. grass-smashing reamers roll, and 48. cuttves roll profiling bar, 49. downtake, 50. impurities removal air channels, 51. take off receipts cylinder cover plate, 52. bolt, 53. take off receipts tooth plate supporting plate, and 54. take off the receipts element, receive tooth plate front pressing plate 55. take off, 56. nut pieces, 57. take off receiving apparatus hangs spring, 58. axial-flow type drum, 59. grass pressing rollers, 60. chokes.

Figure (1) is a kind of side of the present invention configuration schematic diagram.

Take off and receive material that cylinder 11 gathers and send plate 7 blowing through the air channel of compositions such as back cover cap 9 and curved plate 13 under the wind-force effect to tremble to double-deck ladder.On plate 7, material is divided into three the tunnel.Light foreign material continue with the operation of main air channel, outside blowing out machine; Part seed passes to be trembled the eyelet that send plate 7 upper stratas and delivers to the slide plate of grain blower fan 17 tops clearly along trembling the lower floor that send plate 7; Third Road is thick to be treated to take off again material and is sent on first cylinder 6.Cylinder 6 is the seed in threshings and the separation of material on the one hand, simultaneously material is transferred to the feeding mouth of second tin roller 27.The material that enters second tin roller 27 is finished and is taken off again and mask work under the high velocity effect of drum threshing element.Cauline leaf after taking off is again directly discharged outside the machine, takes off isolated seed again and assorted surplusly falls to lip(ped) sieve 25 through the cylinder concave grate.From tremble the material that send plate 7 to slide, from first cylinder 6 and the isolated material of second tin roller 27 concave grates, airflow blow that is produced by clear grain blower fan 17 and isolate light foreign material all.After lip(ped) sieve 25 separates bulky materials and thick stem stalk is trembled the machine of delivering to.Do not fall in the assorted surplus auger conveyor 21 if any purifying the sieve aperture that the small ear head can pass the lip(ped) sieve rear portion in the thick stem stalk, and take off again by the conveyer 21 surplus rethreshing device that rises to of will mixing.Cleaner seed is sliding poly-to transportation auger conveyor 19, and being transferred device 19, to send into tanker 3 temporary.Grain in the tanker 3 exports grain carrier to by grain extraction unloading auger conveyer 28.

Function such as signal lamp 1 is used to point out unloading, seek help.Signal lamp 1 can be contained in other full position or not adorn.Illuminating lamp 2 is used for walking and operation in night.Illuminating lamp is configurable bright.Be beneficial to the high speed operation.

Driver's cabin 4 can be arranged in center, machine the place ahead, has only the easy structure of driver's seat good.It is good to setover.

Tanker 3 is arranged in the machine top and above running gear 18, is beneficial to reduce the influence of the variation of grain weight to machine gravity.0.8～2.5 cubic metre of the tanker volume of medium and small type.The auger conveyor 28 of putting out cereal should have higher transfer efficiency, preferably can unsnatch FCL grain in 1 to 2 minute.Can be on the type of gathering in the crops fabric widths less than 1.5 meters without tanker.

Engine 29 should be equipped with sensitive speed regulator.10～70 kilowatts of the engine powers of the fabric width of results below 3 meters preferably adopt 33～50 kilowatts diesel engine.Can reduce the engine weight per unit power with supercharging mode work.Sufficient power can overcome the excess load operating mode and improve starting acceleration performance.Be that engine should have enough coefficient of reserve power.For example the machine of 2.5 meters results fabric widths can be joined 37～45 kilowatts engine.When joining cutter 16 or cutting grass knife when rolling 47, engine power is got big value.

Cterpillar drive 18 can adopt rubber belt track, also can adopt running gear system.1.2 rice～1.5 meters the most handy cterpillar drives of type.The speed of travel can adopt the stepless speed regulation of many retainings.The adjusting of the speed of travel preferably can be regulated according to the load condition or the stall degree of each parts except manual adjustments automatically.This point extremely needs.Because of the present invention gathers in the crops usually at a relatively high speed, in time adjust load condition, be beneficial to further and increase work efficiency, reduce various faults and take place.Increase the function of regulating pace automatically, can obtain a series of benefit.

Take off receiving apparatus by front cover 10, back cover cap 9, take off and receive cylinder 11, choke plate 12, curved plate 13 and nearside divider etc. and form.Choke plate 12 is used to stop take off receives the revolution air-flow that cylinder 11 produces, and air-guiding enters downtake.In order as often as possible to stop the revolution air-flow, the plate end of choke plate 12 can be made into profile of tooth, and increment with take off the mutual embedding that interlocks of the increment of receiving element 54.The below of choke plate 12 or curved plate 13 belows are buckstays.Buckstay is to take off the main member that receiving apparatus keeps width rigidity.On buckstay, can install and take off the intermediate support of receiving cylinder.Take off receiving apparatus lift cylinder 14 profiling lifting power when taking off receiving apparatus lifting and work is provided.Oil cylinder 14,15 can be an one-way cylinder.Getting in touch between front and back cover cap and sidewall will reduce gas leakage as far as possible.Can adopt soft material as the contact sidewall.The interface that takes off receiving apparatus and machine can adopt soft material, to solve the contradiction between gas leakage and the movement interference.Taking off the power of receiving cylinder can directly introduce from the machine body at rear portion.Available universal joint drives the bevel gear that takes off receipts cylinder 11 axle heads and directly power is imported on the axle of cylinder 11.The other end of this universal joint connects with fixed axis on the machine.After headland turn upgrades and takes off receiving apparatus, generally need not cut off and take off the power of receiving cylinder.With easy operation, cleaning air channel residue makes to take off and receives not stall of cylinder and increase starting power.On the back cover cap 9 transparency window can be installed, receive material and running status thereof so that the driver observes taking off in the air flue by transparency window when harvest operation.Curved plate 13 can be made with a block plate or steel spring plate with choke plate 12, and the configuration as required again of the supporting parts of this plate below.Indentation position in plate 12 and 13 can impose vibration, to improve the flowability of material at pocket, assists the material in the downtake in time to pass through smoothly.

Double-deck ladder is trembled the rebound of making in the front portion of sending plate 7 and latch plate or soft material plate 8 and is joined.Tremble and send plate 7 or its rear portion to make bilayer, the upper strata is a step deck, and sieve aperture can be on two planes of each ladder evenly arranges, and adds the longitudinal baffle of certain altitude, in order to avoid material is to a side lateral flow.Lower floor does not establish sieve aperture.Lower floor can be dull and stereotyped or little stepped plate, also longitudinal baffle can be set.Tremble that to send trembling of plate 7 to send direction and ladder inclined-plane, upper strata angle be 5～30 °.Tremble and send frequency 200～350 times/minute.30～120 millimeters of amplitudes.

Air-flow is divided into two strands in expansion chamber, one blows to slide plate 5 tops, and another strand enters unrestrained clearly chamber from the notch board sieve aperture of first cylinder 6.Double-deck ladder is trembled and sent plate 7 tops is expansion chambers.Expansion chamber top or top lateral position are the impurities removal air flues.The inlet size that expansion chamber enters the impurities removal air flue is very big to the impurities removal influential effect with direction.Ordinary material enters the interval that the impurities removal air flue all has a rate of transformation direction.Can utilize the characteristics of the big divert objects difficulty of quality,, sensing element is installed, be used for detecting the situation that the impurities removal material contains seed at impurities removal air flue inlet position.This cover detects sensing element can directly control the impurity discharging port openings of sizes.Also signal can be shown to the driver, so that in time adjust the drag characteristic of impurities removal air flue inlet size or impurities removal air flue.So just can utilize to large extent and blow wind-force pre-separation light foreign material as much as possible.And grain loss is very little.In figure (1), the articulated choke in impurities removal air flue porch.Impacting type loss sensing device can be installed on choke.The impurities removal air flue generally is a flaring.Can add the adjustable plate that keeps out the wind in impurities removal air flue or exit, be used to regulate impurities removal airway resistance characteristic.

Clear grain blower fan 17 can be selected cross flow fan for use.So that the saving space, the horizontal homogeneity of raising blower fan air output.Blower fan 17 can be economized in letter.Can utilize the air-flow that cylinder 6 concave grates enter this moment and pass to tremble and send air that plate 7 the enters weak wind regime as the cleaning unit, wind-force is cleaned the light foreign material of a part whereby.

Cutter 16 can adopt two moving cutter reciprocating cutterbars.The spacing sliding palm should be arranged at the cutter bottom.Can above cutter, add a vertical revolution belt and dial careless device, be used for guiding and remove cut-out stem stalk.Cutter lift cylinder 15 can with 14 one-tenth certain interaction relations of oil cylinder.For example: oil cylinder 14 is raised to certain position, and oil cylinder 15 is emersion synchronously just.The cutter that rises to the extreme higher position can be fixed with the parts pin.The also available parts pin of receiving apparatus that takes off that rises to the extreme higher position is decided, the safety when shifting with the raising field.Cutter 16 can not adorned.After cutter 16 had been installed, choke plate 12 places can a downward arc plate, prevented to cut off the stem stalk and was taken off and receive cylinder and rewind.Downward this part arc plate can be with the ventilation mesh.

Lip(ped) sieve 25 in the cleaning unit can be that individual layer also can be double-deck, and lower floor can adopt the sieve sheet of other form.Lip(ped) sieve 25 is formed double rocker mechanism with suspension rod 26 and is made double vibrations.

Transportation auger conveyor 19 can in time be transported the grain seed under the high efficiency.Grain seed and band seed that drain pan 20 connects in the cleaning unit are assorted surplus.Assorted surplus recovery auger conveyor 20 can be cancelled.

Sheller unit by first, second cylinder 6 and 27 and concave grate etc. form, their structure and traditional sheller unit are different.Sheller unit of the present invention requires to have fast processing to take off the ability of receiving material in a large number.So its threshing element and layout thereof will redesign, the guide plate that jacket covers also will redesign and arrange.See aftermentioned for details.Straw handling unit 22 is connected by hoisting frame 23.Hoisting frame 23 single-points are hinged on running gear 18 rears, so that can the vertical and horizontal profiling.Lift cylinder 24 lists or double acting all can.

Device 22 can be a suppression cylinder, also can be that a cutting grass knife rolls.Device 22 can and overwhelm the stem stalk to stem stalk dispensing soup.After promoting, device 22 can sell fixed.Oil cylinder 24 can have certain interaction relation with the lifting action of oil cylinder 14.

Power transmission from engine to each moving component is formed power drive system.Hydraulic oil pump, oil feed line and control fuel tap are formed hydraulic system.Circuit, illuminating lamp etc. are formed electrical system.Control system is arranged in the driver's cabin 4.Take off receipts cylinder 11 and running gear 18 and can adopt the transmission of V belt disc type stepless speed regulator.The power supply of running gear 18 and control relatively independent.

Figure (2) is for taking off a kind of side schematic view of receiving apparatus.

Two nearside dividers 31 that take off receiving apparatus are fixed on to take off receives both sides, cylinder 11 the place ahead.Nearside divider 31 plays the branch standing grain and leads the standing grain effect.Can hinged copying device 32 on the nearside divider 31.Profiling bar 30 is hinged on the nearside divider 31 and is hinged on the copying device 32.When taking off the receiving apparatus operation, profiling bar 30 directly is subjected to the effect of ground support reaction.Take off receiving apparatus and pass through two supporting pin a lifting by oil cylinder 14.Will there be certain pressure on 30 pairs of ground of profiling bar, in order to avoid it is frequent to beat.The pressure size on 30 pairs of ground of profiling bar depends primarily on the rigidity of copying device 32 inner springs.For making the profiling pressure stability, available profiling bar oil cylinder replaces copying spring.Copying device detects the depressed position of profiling depression bar with certain frequency, and this position signalling is fed back to the hydraulic pressure control device of oil cylinder 14 in signal of telecommunication mode.The longitudinal copying of receiving apparatus is taken off in realization.For example, when the projection of ground, lift on the compressing profiling bar 30, the signal of telecommunication that superior displacement is put and the degree of contrast of operating and setting, when the ground height surpassed setting range, signal of telecommunication control fuel tap servo control mechanism filled pressure oil for oil cylinder 14, and the plunger of oil cylinder 14 stretches out, take off to lift on the receiving apparatus and cross protruding ground, finish profiling.Copying device also can be the mark post of tinting.Estimate the location by the driver, with the stretching or contract of decision oil cylinder 14, directly receiving apparatus is taken off in lifting.Take off receiving apparatus lift rotary point at the b place.The b point can be arranged in and take over 34 places.The swivel point of back cover cap 9 is at the c place.During work, back cover cap 9 is restricted around the turned position that c is ordered, and revolution leeway is very little.Can open or remove back cover cap 9 around the c point.Front cover 10, is used to regulate 10 pairs of front covers and takes off the cover cap position of receiving cylinder 11 with respect to 9 revolutions of back cover cap around the c point.The front and back cover cap has motion with respect to biside plate 33.For preventing gas leakage, can install thin rubber bar additional in the movement clearance inboard.Front cover 10 can reach more than 90 ° around the angle of revolution that c is ordered.C point cover cap 9 directions backward moves past big position.Open front cover 10 because the c hinge is mainly used in, safeguard cylinder 11.When operate as normal, front cover 10 can not done regular adjustment, has particularly installed after the blower fan on front cover 10.Taking over 34 can be made by rectangular rubber skin or spring steel, can be made into tabular rubber square tube or ripple square tube, is enclosed within the air flue interface, is used for anti-anti-avulsion receiving apparatus and leaks gas during profiling up and down.

Take off the optional 480～580mm of diameter that receives cylinder 11,400～1200 rev/mins of rotating speeds.Take off and receive tooth plate and can make with good springiness such as rubber, polypropylene, material that friction is big, also available thin steel spring plate punching press is made.See aftermentioned for details.Front cover 10 back cover caps 9 can be made with sheet metal.Can take off the material impact bounce-back ability of receiving with minimizing to front cover 10 inner surface plastic-blastings or softening the processing.Configurable cross flow fan on the cover cap 9 of on the front cover 10 or back.See aftermentioned for details.

Choke plate 12 rear portions and curved plate 13 gardens slip over to be crossed, and front end can be connected to and take off near the axial line place horizontal plane of receiving cylinder 11 or the top.The front end of choke plate 12 strikes out profile of tooth.This profile of tooth can enter takes off the neutral of receiving cylinder 11 tooth plates, makes the tooth top of choke plate and the tooth top that takes off the receipts cylinder that certain alternating quantity be arranged, and staggered purpose is in order to stop out more air-flow.Choke plate is made with δ 0.5～2mm steel plate.The part that takes off the receiving apparatus lower position has profiling depression bar 30, nearside divider base plate and side plate 33.They might at first contact to earth.

Quite large-area transparent windows can be stayed in the two ends of back cover cap 9.Observation window can be opened easily.Taking off receiving apparatus and last air flue 35 can take over 34 by elasticity and connect firmly.Back cover cap 9 can connect firmly with side plate 33.Also can do to take over 34 with sheet rubber.This moment, downtake 49 can suit with last air flue 35.

Figure (3) is an air flue planar development schematic diagram.

Fabric width is less for gathering in the crops, and particularly adopts the type of cterpillar drive, takes off the power of receiving cylinder 11 and can introduce by universal joint 37 direct driving shafts from the machine of rear portion, take this to simplify transmission system.Driving shaft gear case 38 can be contained near the axle of blower fan 17.Shaft end gear case 36 can partly be imbedded to take off and receive cylinder 11, to reduce the transmission side frontal width.Among the figure (3), arrow is represented the mobile situation of material.First cylinder 6 and second tin roller 27 all are the axial-flow type threshing cylinder, and two cylinders dispose side by side.The results fabric width during greater than 1.5 meters cylinder 6 and 27 can join material in central authorities.For cylinder 27 can be carried out smoothly at middle part shunting material,, and the opposite element of pulling over of rotation direction of rotation direction and place one side threshing element can be set at cylinder 6 middle parts at all configurable cutting grass knife of cylinder 6 and 27 middle parts.The material that makes cylinder 6 send into cylinder 27 has become tangible two strands.Perhaps cylinder 6 and 27 middle part separate, and are equivalent to two cover twin shaft stream rollers.Results fabric width hour, cylinder 6 is transported to a side with material limit off-clip, gives cylinder 27 again and takes off again and separate.Cylinder 6 and 27 the optional 400～550mm of maximum gauge, the diameter of optional cylinder 6 is 450mm, the diameter of cylinder 27 is 500mm.The threshing element can adopt the strong plate tooth of the ability of axially pulling over, or lath-shaped threshing element.Tooth depth 30～80mm.Cylinder 6 and 27 rotating speed can be with reference to the rotating speeds of existing axial-flow type sheller unit.The diameter of cylinder 6 is less, and threshing speed is lower, and the concave clearance is bigger, is used for threshing and easily takes off seed and separate most of seed.The material that enters cylinder 27 so greatly reduces.Second axial-flow type drum, 27 diameters are bigger, and the concave clearance is less, and threshing speed is higher, are used to take off the remaining seed of branch.So from the easier to the more advanced take off the branch principle from more to less, can reduce the seed breakage, reduce power consumption.

Receiving the interior air flue of cylinder 11 back 20cm～40cm distances and gathering in the crops that fabric width equates or approaching from taking off.After this air flue can shrink on width, and to first cylinder, 6 tops, air flue shrinks and can finish.The air flue that width shrinks progressively enlarges in short transverse.Preferably the sectional area of air flue progressively enlarges.One expansion chamber than large space to be arranged trembling to send above the plate 7 or enter cylinder 6 places.The impurities removal air flue of expansion chamber top has multiple arrangement.Directly impurities removal backward.The impurities removal backward of also can laterally turning round again.Expansion chamber is arranged and the impurities removal mode can be selected flexibly.

Figure (4) is a kind of front schematic view of the present invention.

Driver's cabin 4 or bridge can be arranged in and take off center, receiving apparatus back upper place.And hang over side, then can reduce cab heights.40 protective actions of side cover cap.When adopting many air flues to the row results or hillside fields gathered in the crops, shown in figure (4), running gear 18 can laterally be transposed, to adapt to the laterally sagging degree of depth anisochrouous operating mode of field face.Under the cutter 16 limit skateboard is housed.Air flue upper cover 39 can add transparency window, so that observe and enter in the expansion chamber.

Figure (5) is an another kind of side of the present invention configuration schematic diagram.

Running gear 18 among the figure (5) adopts wheeled.First, second cylinder 6 and 27 can adopt cuts the streaming threshing cylinder, and correspondingly will increase bolter 43 this moment.Adopt wheeled after, generally require air flue that bigger cross-direction shrinkage will be arranged, to guarantee that the results fabric width is greater than the machine fabric width of walking.Therefore, cross flow fan 42 can be installed on the front cover 10 that takes off receiving apparatus, strengthen strength and blow ability.The mechanism 41 of pulling over is used to pull over and trembles the material that send on the plate 7.The crank-rocker style mechanism of mechanism 41 shown in can employing figure (5) of pulling over.

Among figure (1) and the figure (5), the space under the seat bottom all is used as air flue, blows the deceleration distance of material with prolongation, the expansion expansion chamber.This arranges single air flue needs.Engine 29 is positioned in the back upper place, arrange that although it is so longitudinal stability is good slightly, but center of gravity is higher.The dynamic transfer system complexity.Big type configuration occasion during figure (1) and figure (5) relatively are suitable for.For the medium and small type below 3 meters results fabric widths, can adopt the collocation form of figure (8), figure (9) etc.This is a type configuration afterwards, engine 29 can be configured in the top of running gear.So as directly to transform and utilize in drag, available dynamic transmission system such as agricultural automobile.Certainly, specialized designs and production walking dynamical system are better.Cross flow fan is installed taking off on the receiving apparatus cover cap, auxiliary cylinder 11 blows to take off receives that material needs often.After blowing the air quantity increasing, the reliability that strength blows is improved, and the randomness that air flue is arranged has also strengthened.

Figure (6) is the floor map of double air passage configuration of the present invention.

The purpose of configuration double air passage is for making engine 29 can be installed to the top of running gear 18, and the height of driver's cabin 4 also can suitably reduce.Control stick and power drive system distance are near.Receive cylinder 11, air flue dimidiation from taking off.Sheller unit can symmetrical dimidiation work.Cylinder 6 and 27 can be aided with support in the centre.Make a cover transmission device realize the function of two cover sheller units, improve the productivity ratio of sheller unit material handling with this.Take off the power of receiving cylinder and directly import, make the transmission compactness from the machine gear-box from the middle part.

Middle adopt one in the middle of nearside divider 44 crop is separated.Bigger because of taking off the diameter of receiving cylinder 11, axle middle gear case 45 can be imbedded in the cylinder 11, to reduce the lateral inclination that divides standing grain width and crop.The power of blower fan 42 can directly be introduced from the axle head of cylinder 11.As long as configure the air-out direction of blower fan 42, blower fan 42 turns to and can choose wantonly.Transmission is simple when turning to unanimity.

Adapter 34 can be adopted the form of spring steel liner rubber skin.After adopting spring steel to take over 34, can make and take off receiving apparatus along some degree of freedom are laterally arranged.Double-deck ladder is trembled and is sent plate 7 that a certain amount of gradually closing can be arranged, and arranges one in each air-flow by-path.The impurities removal air flue of two air-flow by-paths can separate, and also can merge.The straw outlet of second tin roller 27 can be distributed in both sides.

Figure (7) is for taking off the another kind of side schematic view of receiving apparatus.

Among the figure (7), downtake 49 short transverses increase very fast, are because downtake 49 widths shrink comparatively fast and extremely.Correspondingly requiring has the stronger wind regime that blows, and covers at the fixed cover that takes off receiving apparatus for this reason cross flow fan 42 has been installed.Can play the plate that catches the wind by heavily fortified point on blower fan 42 rear side casings, to improve inlet air conditions, the plate that catches the wind simultaneously also plays certain protective action.Take off receiving apparatus lift rotary bearing pin at b point place.A point place is the bearing pin of lift cylinder.Transport mild angle from being convenient to promote, wish that the height that b is ordered can reduce as far as possible with downtake.But need because rearward part is arranged, the b point can not be arranged very low.The b point preferably is arranged in takes over 34 centers.Taking near the layout that b is ordered 34 is flexibly.

Shown in figure (7), front cover 10 is easy to regulate.When cylinder 11 downward modulation results laid crops, front cover 10 falls, and cover cap firmly takes off the receipts material, prevents that it from splashing.To reduce the loss.When cylinder 11 rise results standing crops or long-stalked crops, front cover 10 also raises, and makes to smooth out with the fingers to take off but do not enter cylinder 11 this part seed to be received after cylinder 11 reaches again and draw together up by temporary retaining at the fringe layer with the material in the cover cap air channel.

In figure (7), take off and arranged on the receiving apparatus that grass-smashing reamer rolls 47.The stem stalk of receiving is fitly long also not to be overwhelmed by running gear in the field through taking off, and cutting this moment or chopping stem stalk are comparatively convenient.As previously mentioned, can the configuration of cylinder 11 back can high-speed cuttings reciprocating cutterbar, this moment cylinder 11 should and 16 of cutters keep certain distance, can install vertical revolution belt device of pulling over additional, rewinded by cylinder 11 and improve the cutting condition in order to avoid cut off the stem stalk.The stem stalk that cylinder 11 takes off after the receipts also will give certain resilience room and time.The longitudinal size that takes off receiving apparatus is strengthened, and also must there be certain altitude the downtake bottom surface.Otherwise rewind the problem except cutting off the stem stalk, stifled cutter easily takes place in the stem stalk of cutting sth. askew.Moreover the limited ability of reciprocating cutterbar high-speed cutting stem stalk is in inertia force.Be difficult to satisfy and take off the operating speed that receiving apparatus can reach.For this reason, available grass-smashing reamer rolls and replaces cutter to finish the task of high-speed cutting stem stalk.

It is comparatively sharp that grass-smashing reamer rolls 47 flail knife cutting edge, should avoid switching to soil as far as possible.So among the figure (7), allow grass-smashing reamer roll 47, and roll profiling bar 48 by cutter and guarantee the chaffcutter height with to take off receiving apparatus point articulated at e.The e point is far away more from the cutter roller bearing, and profiling is sensitive more.The stem stalk that takes off after the receipts can be overwhelmed to liftoff 5cm to 20cm height by a base plate immediately, and it is 47 first when cutting off the stem stalk that grass-smashing reamer is rolled, and the stem stalk is in the pressure holding state.Stem stalk after the cut-out along with advancing of machine, is rolled in the gap of cover cap further broken by blade strip to grass-smashing reamer.Broken stem stalk is dished out backward.Can roll 47 at cylinder 11 and cutter, arrange a driven grass pressing roller, auxiliary cutter rolls 47 chopping stem stalks.After installing grass pressing roller additional, cutter roll 47 and the fore-and-aft distance of 11 on cylinder can shorten.Grass-smashing reamer rolls 47 power and imports separately with universal joint.

Cut-out ability that grass-smashing reamer rolls and broken careless degree depend primarily on cutter lift-over speed, machine forwarding speed and cutter and roll structure.Be the broken careless degree that is consistent, avoid the low speed useless power consumption in when results, can make grass-smashing reamer roll 47 increase and decrease of rotating speed random device pace and suitably increase and decrease.The broken careless efficient that grass-smashing reamer rolls can satisfy the needs of high speed harvest operation.Its residing position is also safer.

Grass-smashing reamer rolls 47 and promotes with taking off receiving apparatus.Because it is lower that cutter rolls 47 present positions, for guaranteeing after the lifting there is the bigger road clearance.One cover link gear can be set, and when cylinder 11 is promoted to certain altitude when upwards promoting again, cutter rolls 47 and is limited by this cover link gear, rapidly around e point invagination.This cover link gear is uncomplicated.

Figure (8) disposes a kind of side schematic view behind the double air passage for the present invention.

This moment, engine 29 can be arranged in the running gear front upper place, and drive line is more reasonable like this.Engine and running gear can be by partly feeding the transformation of types such as combine and directly obtain medium-sized tractor, automobile, Japanese CA355.When running gear 18 adopted crawler type, machine height can be reduced to below 2.8 meters, and when not being with driver's cabin, machine height can be reduced to below 2.2 meters.Adopt running gear system, the transfer ability of machine is strong.

Take off the blower fan 42 of receiving apparatus shown in the figure (8), it turns to and takes off receipts cylinder 11 in the same way.Take off receiving apparatus, grass-smashing reamer roll 47 power can be by the middle part input of universal joint from machine body.The employing double air passage is arranged, after leaving a blank in the middle part, is convenient to compact each parts of arranging.Can make concordant with cylinder 6 with 27 axle head cover cap impurities removal air flue 50 outer walls.Among the figure (8), the impurities removal air flue can be arranged in tanker both sides, sheller unit top.It is comparatively reasonable that this layout is arranged the machine both sides, and the position is well-to-do.

Blower fan 42 turns to when consistent with turning to of cylinder 11, aims at downtake for the wind speed direction that makes blower fan 42, and blower fan 42 must move forward and be installed on the front cover 10.Need adjust the relative position of cylinder 11 and front cover 10, so front cover 10 will be made adjustable for height form according to crop fringe width of cloth difference and lodging situation owing to take off receiving apparatus.When front cover 10 was regulated, the position that is installed in the blower fan 42 on the front cover 10 also changed.Therefore, guarantee that the change of transmission tensioning and wind speed direction is no more than a certain amount of.For solving this contradiction, can front cover 10 is fixing, and only front cover 10 lower end nose shape heads are made adjustable form up and down, it is fixing to take into account blower fan 42 with this, two kinds of requirements of front cover 10 up-down adjustment.In fact, front cover 10 can not done regular adjustment.

In figure (8), driver's seat is arranged in machine center, the top of engine 29.When driver's seat is convenient to remove, can overhaul engine 29 easily from the top down.Driver's cabin or bridge are made the form that can tumble forward around preceding bearing pin, are more conducive to safeguard engine like this.Engine primary air cleaner can be arranged under the driver's cabin.

Be subject to the layout of transmission case or engine, clear grain blower fan 17 can be arranged in afterbody, the clear grain of air draught.Can cancel blower fan 17.Utilize air flue to see through ladder and tremble and send plate 7 sieve apertures and first cylinder, 6 concave grate orifice flows to go into weak air-flow in the cleaning unit, blow away the light foreign material of a part.Can in the cleaning unit, dispose lip(ped) sieve 25.Conveyer 19 adopts an axle.

Adopt the type of double air passage, 1.8 meters to 4 meters of fabric widths of results are more suitable.Complete machine length contains about 6 meters of nearside divider.Heavily about 2.2～3.6 tons of machine.If when gathering in the crops the fabric width increasing or being used for, can adopt many air flue constructions to the row results.

Figure (9) disposes side schematic view behind three air flues for the present invention.

Among the figure (9), impurities removal air flue 50 can be arranged in the middle top of sheller unit.Adopt three air flues to arrange, can utilize engine, the running gear of existing wheel tractor.Be superimposed with take off receiving apparatus, air flue, tanker, driver's cabin, sheller unit etc. after, just can become a kind of type of the present invention.The operation condition is greatly simplified.About three air flues and road wheel position relation can be referring to figure (10) and explanation thereof.

Figure takes off the blower fan 42 of receiving apparatus shown in (9), and it turns to take off receipts cylinder 11 opposite.Take off receiving apparatus, grass-smashing reamer roll 47 power can be by the middle part input of universal joint from machine body.Take off the centre position that receiving apparatus lift rotary bearing pin b point is arranged in adapter 34.Can directly utilize the tractor lifting arm to promote and take off receiving apparatus.Driver's cabin is in the front upper place, center.

Adopt three air flues to arrange, be convenient to install driver's cabin and operating mechanism thereof after two driving wheel inside lines are left a blank.According to the experience that partly feeds combine, a plurality of nearside dividers of middle increase can not produce big influence to the results quality.

Axial-flow type is taken off receiving apparatus and is arranged in the rear portion, and Lysimachia sikokiana is more convenient, and makes reasonable gravity distribution.Clear grain blower fan can save.Can adopt the clear grain of air draught.

Figure (10) is three air flue floor map.

The space that stays after the three air flue cross-direction shrinkage guarantees that air flue avoids the bigger driving wheel of diameter, and it is mild that air flue is risen, and makes driver's cabin and operation rod member thereof that the growing space be arranged.When engine power is not enough, can remove one group of air channel.Each air flue all has adapter 34 and rebound 8, send plate 7 to can be made into one but tremble.Cylinder 6 transfers to material both sides and pays cylinder 27.Cylinder 27 makes full use of its active length from middle Lysimachia sikokiana because of straw outlet is shared.Trembling and sending plate 7 and cylinder 6 belows is engine and road wheel.Three air flues arrange to put with middle mop just and match, and drag the transmission case just can be as a kind of power drive system of the present invention in only needing to adjust.In addition, take off receiving apparatus and can take over 34 places certainly and take apart, the releasing of sheller unit, air flue, tanker also is easier to.Therefore it is not difficult to revert to original tractor form yet.For two-way operation formula tractor, particularly suitable.

The impurities removal air flue can be arranged in three air flues when entering expansion chamber in twos in the middle of, earlier laterally, the back merges, and vertically crosses cylinder 6 and 27 then and discharges light foreign material backward.

Figure (11) is four air flue floor map.

If the length of cylinder 11 more just can be without intermediate supports in each air flue.Cylinder 11 can adopt hinged series connection in each air flue, and power can be from certain air flue interval input.After cylinder 11 employings are hinged, be improved, be particularly conducive to the receipts of taking off of solid short crop along the profiling performance of gathering in the crops width.Many air flues are arranged can be to row results interplanting crop such as soybean, cotton etc.Many air flues are arranged has not only increased the flexibility that the rear portion machine part is arranged, and has increased the use flexibility.For example can remove a cover air flue at interval, results interplanting crop.Another kind of crop has grown tall to 40cm does not have influence yet.For another example, wheat interplanting corn.Can allow cylinder 11 big slightly at interval, then corn grows to 35cm and still can gather in the crops.Add swift 11 at interval, do not need to change each air flue, and as long as add a trifle shaft coupling at each air flue interval, and change air flue and take over 34.

Figure (12) receives the main structure cutaway view of cylinder for taking off.

Take off receipts cylinder 11 and can adopt hexagon, hexagon, octagonal.Usually adopt octagonal, install eight and take off the receipts tooth plate.Among the figure (12), take off and receive 51 eight of the employings of cylinder cover plate and cylinder is sealed into octagonal.51 of cover plates clamp to take off and receive tooth plate supporting plate 53 and take off receipts element 54 in twos.When rotating, take off receipts element 54 and at first contact crop to be taken off by direction as shown.Supporting plate 53 does not generally contact crop.Taking off that to receive cylinder 11 to the diameter of construction bolt 52 be 350mm～420mm, is 480mm～580mm to taking off the tooth top diameter of receiving element 54.Optional 520mm～the 540mm of tooth top diameter.Take off the high optional 65mm～110mm that receives element 54 52 centers from tooth top to bolt, the steel spring plate of supporting plate 54 usefulness δ 0.5～2mm is stamped to form.Big and the soft high-abrasive material of elasticity such as element 54 usefulness rubber, polypropylene is made.In order to reduce the material of using of element 54, supporting plate 53 can be made the sloping platform scalariform as shown in figure 11.0～90 ° on slope, high 0～6mm.

Figure (13) schemes the k of (12) to view.

From figure (13), reflected flat shape and the configuration relation of supporting plate 53 more definitely with element 54.Supporting plate 53 can be to planting, and its holder tooth stretches out certain-length.For example, stretch out 15～50mm with scheming in the key shaped hole.To increase the rigidity of element 54, reduce distortion.Supporting plate 53 is configured under the element 54, can reduce the mechanical property requirement of 54 pairs of manufacturing materials of element.Supporting plate 53 and element 54 are fitted closely.Also can make element 54 make monodentate, bidentate or the combination arbitrarily of multiple tooth back, change.When for example adopting the crate tire to cut system element 54, can make full use of raw material.The key shaped hole diameter is 14～34mm.

Element 54 adopts materials such as rubber, polypropylene to make, and requires to have the thickness of 6～12mm.Purpose is to utilize its flexibility to reduce the impact injury to stem stalk and seed, utilizes the friction of its side parallel with rotary speed direction to crop, takes off ability to improve comb.For this reason, in figure (13), supporting plate 53 indentations of key shaped hole place, and allow element 54 protrude, wipe crop stem to utilize its side comb.Reduce stem stalk cut-out amount.

Figure (14) schemes the another kind of K of (12) to view.

Choke plate 12 usefulness double dot dash lines are drawn, and the end is a profile of tooth, with the staggered mutual embedding of the profile of tooth of taking off receipts element 54.Element 54 is 0～8mm with the gap of plate 12.In element 54 and plate 12 gaps, have the stem stalk unavoidably or seed passes through.For preventing to block, can make the flank of tooth of plate 12 sagging.When element 54 was with the stem stalks by the overlapping place, blocked force was dodged the element 54 and the crown of plate 12 mutually.By the increment form of back by spring return element 54 and plate 12.The sagging form of plate 12 increments is shown in figure (1) and figure (20).Can allow plate 12 and plate 13 hinged.When a large amount of stem stalk of element 54 and plate 12 gap internal congestions, blocked force makes plate 12 rotate around hinge pin.Automatically reset by elastic force again after getting rid of the stem stalk.Element 54 tooth root garden arc radius 5～15mm, 25 °～40 ° of addendum angles, space width 35～50mm.Supporting plate 53 indentation elements 54 sides 0～3mm.The tooth root garden arc of element 54, supporting plate 53 is not a key shaped hole less than half garden.Bolt hole is far away from the tooth root arc.Adopt profile of tooth shown in the figure (14), be more conducive to the performance that the flank comb takes off effect.Also be beneficial to and economize on material.Whether and comb is smoothed out with the fingers the stem stalk and moved to the tooth root place, need to loosen, and is not really important.Bolt hole is beneficial to the shape that cover plate 51 is processed into to be of value to threshing and to throw away material away from tooth root garden arc.

Figure (15) is for taking off the cutaway view of receiving cylinder cover plate 51.

The steel plate bending of cover plate 51 usefulness δ 1.0～2.5mm forms.With cover plate 51, supporting plate 53 with take off and receive 54 3 kinds of major parts of element and just can form the cylinder that takes off receipts cylinder 11.The open pore of bending place, two ends on the cover plate 51 is used under cover plate 51 seam or mounted situation suit bolt 52.During opening, the bolt hole place does not just have baby hem to bolt mounting holes.Cover plate 51 can one every a seam to the width of cloth dish of cylinder 11, another every one cover plate with bolt to width of cloth dish.Cover plate 51 length can be made into 40cm～200cm.Particularly during many air flues, the merogenesis length of cylinder 11 is generally less than 150cm.This moment, cover plate 51 can be made by cylinder 11 merogenesis active lengths.The length of the length of cover plate 51 and supporting plate 53 can directly not concern.Because supporting plate can be installed along inserting on the whole active length of cylinder 11.

Figure (16) is for taking off installation relation and material force analysis schematic diagrames such as receiving element.

Taking off receipts element 54 can be by taking off receipts tooth plate supporting plate 53 and taking off receipts pressing plate 55 two sides, tooth plate front and clamp installation.Element 54 and plate 53,55 all are the tabular tooth plates.The profile of tooth of pressing plate 55 can be consistent with the profile of tooth of supporting plate 53, and the thickness of palette can be different.The bolt hole of cover plate 51 is opening not.Nut piece 56 has navigated on the cover plate 51 before construction bolt 52.The method of nut piece 51 location can adopt seam, stickup.Or nut is embedded on the nut piece 56.This moment, nut piece 56 was sheet stamping members that are welded on the cover plate 51, and it had both played the packing ring effect, can stop nut to rotate again.Tooth 53,54,55 can replace with a tooth plate, and this piece tooth plate is made with sheet metal, and plastic-coated or glue.Perhaps at steel-tooth plate overcoat bag one deck elastomeric material.Impact flexibility and friction to improve.The different tooth plates that change the outfit can be gathered in the crops Different Crop.

Move to the seed at radius r place, mainly be subjected to centrifugal force mr ω ², element 54 or pressing plate 55 directed force F and frontal resistance P three effect.Suppose that dashed trace is the seed movement locus outside from the lining, then improve rotating speed or add swift 11 diameters, reduce the coefficient of friction of element 54 or pressing plate 55 and strengthen inclination alpha and can both shorten seed from the motion path of element 54 tooth roots to increment.Shortening of path is beneficial to the installation site of improving choke plate 12.Be beneficial to timely discharge and take off material.Consider the actual state of cylinder 11, excessive tooth plate established angle α is unfavorable for the seed that the pinching tooth plate is drawn together at the low level comb, so the α angle should be got 0～30 °, preferred values is 5～20 °.In crop stem looping district, stem stalk layer is to taking off the motion effects maximum of thing.Therefore seed is subjected to mr ω ², F and P stage of clamping down on mainly is a bit of interval after tooth plate is crossed the extreme higher position.After adopting strength to blow, P power is reduced.After installing pressing plate 55 additional, outer sliding quickening the on pressing plate 55 sections, special in involving long long shoot stalk.Plate 55 has also improved the pectinid ability of tooth plate.From figure (15) particle force analysis as seen, suitable strength blows speed, can reduce P power and F power, and centrifugal force is not had direct relation.This situation explanation, secondary air is more conducive to take off in time throwing away of receipts material.Get rid of the material of receiving in cylinder tooth plate and the cover cap gap to taking off, then mainly clamp down on motion by air-flow.Therefore, cross flow fan 42 be arranged on the front cover 10 comparatively reasonable.But this moment the blower fan block vision.Blower fan 42 is arranged on the cover cap 9 of back, can play the dilution acceleration to taking off the receipts material, the same ability that blows that improves.

Figure (17) is the side configuration schematic diagram of a kind of skeleton symbol type of the present invention.

For the type of the little results fabric width of fraction horsepower, often require to reduce cost, simplified construction.For the present invention, not only possible, and various informative.Shown in the figure (17), can adopt a longitudinal axial flow cylinder 58; Trembling in the expansion chamber send plate 7 usefulness slide plates to replace; Take off the receiving apparatus men hoisting, do not adopt hydraulic system; Driver's cabin is not adorned, and has only bridge.But preferably do not adopt the way that manually connects grain.Because the space of tanker still has.Figure (17), (18), (20), 1～2 meter of the suitable results of type shown in (21) fabric width.Configurable single air flue shown in figure (3), and all grass pressing roller 59 can be installed.Grass pressing roller 59 will take off the crop stem of receiving to be overwhelmed in the field.Can be with grass pressing roller 59 as the profiling stopping means that takes off receiving apparatus.Cross flow fan 42 can be installed in the leading section of front cover 10.

Can take off receiving apparatus by liftings such as a step-up system such as gear trains and hang spring 57, reach the purpose that receiving apparatus is taken off in lifting.But choke 60 artificial regulatories.

Figure (18) is for using the type that walking power is made on the agricultural automobile chassis instead.

Among the figure (18), engine at extreme rear does not adopt hydraulic system.Impurities removal air flue 50 passes through from tanker.Driver's cabin can be simplified.First cylinder, 6 diameters reduce, and act as the master to finish to feed.Second tin roller 27 is finished and is taken off separation again.Adopt wheeled or cterpillar drive can.

Figure (19) is a kind of diagrammatic top view of figure (18).

Adopt single air flue center collocation form.Cylinder 6 is short and little.The results fabric width is slightly larger than the fuselage fabric width.For the present invention, less results fabric width does not also mean that productivity ratio is low.Because little fabric width can be with gathering in the crops at a high speed.From the angle of transverse copying performance and complete machine mobility,, adopt less results fabric width comparatively favourable according to the power size.In fact existing medium-and-large-sized cereal combine seem huge, but results speed is slow, regular generation plugging fault, and the area that can gather in the crops every day is seldom.

Figure (20) disposes the simplification type of vertical axial-flow cylinder for the present invention.

Strength will be taken off and be received material and directly send into a vertical axial-flow cylinder 58, finish again to take off, separate and clean work.Impurities removal air flue 50 is soaring with cylinder 58, makes compact conformation.Tanker can and be listed in the front side of cylinder 58.Also can adopt running gear system.Its whole structure not only simply but also intensive.

Figure (21) disposes the type schematic diagram of tilting axle stream roller 58 for the present invention.

Tilting cylinder 58 is double have been got vertical and the advantage horizontal axial-flow type drum.Tremble and send plate 7 as long as very little vibration just can the separating part seed.Driver's cabin can side, to reduce complete machine longitudinal size and height.Be adapted to the little type of little field piece, often need handle the stem stalk more.Can on the skeleton symbol machine, dispose grass-smashing reamer and roll 47.Grass pressing roller 59 is driven vollers, and the roller table can be coated with rubber layer.During work, driven grass pressing roller 59 is under the effect of stem stalk friction, with cylinder 11 backward rotation.Throw forward when sending when grass-smashing reamer rolls the 47 a small amount of stem stalks that cut off, grass pressing roller 59 just can cut off the stem stalk to this part and pull over back.Cut off the stem stalk to avoid cylinder 11 to rewind.

The present invention configuration is more perfect, the results fabric width is greater than on 2 meters the type, and the configuration computer measurement and control system is needs very, also is worthwhile economically.Can be by detecting the rotating speed of each workpiece, with Computer Analysis and feed back the complete machine operating mode, regulate results speed automatically, regulate accelerator open degree automatically.Can take off receiving apparatus profiling depression bar position by detection and realize automatic profiling.By detecting impurities removal air flue damaed cordition, regulate the duct resistance characteristic automatically.Results speed has directly determined machine burden, by measuring the workpiece fluctuation of speed, regulates results speed automatically, the excess load operating mode can be eliminated in bud.So not only reduce the possibility that fault takes place, and prolonged machine service life, reduced maintenance cost.Its reaction velocity of Ling Min speed regulator can be than coming soon by measuring workpiece fluctuation of speed direct regulation and control accelerator open degree again.Automatically regulate throttle and help improving machine productivity.The adjusting of results speed and the adjusting of throttle can be carried out simultaneously.Be beneficial to further improve the ability that overcomes overload.By detecting profiling depression bar position and artificial setting value contrast, to regulate automatically to take off and receive roller height and front cover position, simplified operation is reduced the loss.Can obtain more accurate profiling effect faster.By detecting impurities removal air flue damaed cordition control airway resistance, can give full play to the pre-separation effect of blow flow, cut down the consumption of energy and lose.Rotating speed detection, position probing and impacting type loss detecting element are not only cheaply worked but also reliable, and calculator is also inexpensive.Action element is also inexpensive.So after adding computer measurement and control system,, reduce oil consumption and yield loss to improving the complete machine performance, alleviate driver's labour intensity, it is very favourable service life to prolong machine.Can give the Computer Storage expert system,, provide best results scheme, further boost productivity to the driver according to the results operating mode.

Computer measurement and control system mainly by calculator, be installed in and take off the speed measuring device of receiving on cylinder 11, axial-flow type drum, the engine power output shaft, be installed in the position sensing device on the nearside divider, be installed in the impacting type seed loss checkout gear of impurities removal air flue porch, compositions such as communication line, action element and hydraulic servo element.

The receiving apparatus that takes off of the present invention is compared with the existing receipts platform that takes off, and has following advantage: adopt single air flue or many air flues strength to blow and take off the receipts material, precleaning and pre-separation before having realized taking off again.Take off the auger of receiving on the platform thereby saved, and make to take off and receive the cylinder transmission system and be simplified.It is adjustable that the configuration of many air flues becomes the results fabric width, for example with double air passage results interplanting crop, interplanting row place can widen across.Dispose taking off receiving apparatus and can gathering in the crops and highly interplant crop of many air flues, interplant crop to growing to 30cm～40cm, not influence when inter-bank is gathered in the crops.This interplanting to cotton region and corn producing region is very favourable.This has not only improved cropping index, and advantage has been created in the development of interplanting and fertilising Work machine.

Radial air inlet blower fan that can flexible arrangement makes and takes off the receiving apparatus strength and blow ability and strengthened, thereby makes air flue arrange random the increasing.The cleaning unit can obtain weak wind regime and the clear grain blower fan of letter province.Adopted strength to blow not only to simplify material to transport the structure of parts, not high to the seal request of air flue.And strength to blow the layout of pipeline very flexible.Take off and receive material and can deliver to suitable position and handle.Be convenient to utilize each factory's existing product and equipment like this, reduce investment and production cycle.

Take off and be equipped with on the receiving apparatus that grass-smashing reamer rolls or cutter, make the stage of also not improving and solving, more easily promote the present invention in stem stalk direct returning to farmland problem.

The double axial drum type sheller unit that the present invention adopts has improved traditional axial flow cylinder-type sheller unit, and the ability of its material handling is greatly strengthened.Add pre-separation precleaning factor.The present invention can increased under the few preceding topic of total power consumption, realize efficiently results.

The present invention has given full play to and having taken off knock off skill and airflow blow speciality, makes that parts simple structure, cost are low, reliable operation, applying flexible.Particularly engine behind front wheel or rearmounted scheme.Can utilize automobile, the product basis of tractor manufacturing enterprise, production the present invention.Thereby reduced the operation cost.Be beneficial to and improve annual production of the present invention.

The present invention is beneficial to exploitation skeleton symbol type.Can adopt horizontal, vertical, inclined axial-flow type drum.

To taking off the structural design of receiving cylinder, simplified structure, reduced cost, make take off the manufacturing of receiving element, select for use, change and install more convenient.By principle Analysis, it is more reasonable that the taking off of design received element.

The present invention has solved full feeding preferably or has partly fed dual-purpose, efficient, reliable, the low oil consumption of rice wheat, the high technical problem of gathering in the crops quality that grain combine is not resolved.That the present invention can manufacture is light-duty, radius of turn is little, the high type of results efficient, to adapt to the results demand in piece rice wheat producing region, medium and small field.Because simple structure, results efficient height make production manufacturer and user can both obtain good economic benefit.And the maintenance cost of machine is low, and service life is far above half-feeding combine.

Adopt computer measurement and control system to regulate the accelerator open degree and the speed of travel automatically, regulate impurities removal air flue choke aperture automatically, automatic profiling is beneficial to and improves work efficiency, reduces the loss, reduces oil consumption, simplifies the operation, improves functional reliability and prolong machine service life.

For piece rice wheat producing region, medium and small field, optimum implementation of the present invention is as follows: adopt the double air passage structure shown in figure (6).Axial-flow type drum separates from the middle part.About 2.5 meters of results fabric widths.Power is imported from the centre.General layout is shown in figure (8).The configuration of taking off receiving apparatus is equipped with grass-smashing reamer and rolls 47 shown in figure (21).Blower fan 42 turns to and cylinder 11 switched in opposite.Promoting hinge b is arranged in the middle of the adapter 34.The clear grain of air draught is not established lip(ped) sieve.Adopt cterpillar drive.The engine primary filter places the center position under the driver's cabin.The configuration computer measurement and control system.

Claims (9)

1. combine harvester, by take off receiving apparatus, blow the air channel, expansion chamber, ladder tremble and send plate or slide plate, sheller unit, blower fan, crawler type or running gear system, tanker or grain-accepting device, engine, auger conveyor, copying device, power drive system, control system, electrical system etc. to form, it is characterized in that: taking off does not have auger or dials the standing grain device on the receiving apparatus; Taking off the receipts material is blowed by one or more air flues backward by strength; Taking off taking off of receiving that cylinder takes off receives material and is transported to ladder by air flue and trembles and send on plate or the slide plate; Tremble and send plate or slide plate directly to give sheller unit material; Autospasy receipts cylinder to the Breadth Maximum of the whole air flue of sheller unit is equal to or less than the working width that takes off the receipts cylinder; The choke plate that takes off on the receiving apparatus is received the plate end that cylinder joins and is made profile of tooth with taking off, and the increment of choke plate takes off the staggered mutual embedding of the increment of receiving element with taking off to receive on the cylinder; Taking off receiving apparatus connects with last air flue by one or more adapters; In adapter place the receiving apparatus of taking off lift rotary point b is arranged; Take off on the receiving apparatus cover cap cross flow fan is installed.

2. combine harvester according to claim 1 is characterized in that: ladder is trembled and is sent plate or its rear portion to manufacture bilayer, and have on the upper strata can be by the sieve aperture of seed; Take off on the receiving apparatus front cover leading section cross flow fan is installed; Sheller unit is mainly by forming side by side before and after two axial-flow type drums; First cylinder is paid second tin roller to material collection to central authorities or one or both sides in threshing; Second tin roller is shifted to the stem stalk outside both sides or a side or the central discharge machine in threshing; The choke plate that takes off receiving apparatus is positioned at or is higher than with the connecting point position that takes off the receipts cylinder and takes off the horizontal plane of receiving the cylinder axis place; Choke plate plate end tooth face is sagging.

3. combine harvester according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that: take off that articulated grass-smashing reamer rolls or cutter on the receiving apparatus; Receive cylinder and grass-smashing reamer and driven grass pressing roller is housed between rolling taking off.

4. the receipts cylinder that takes off according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that: clamp between cover plate in twos to take off and receive the tooth plate supporting plate and take off the receipts element; Take off and receive element preceding, take off receive the tooth plate supporting plate after; The housing that takes off receipts tooth plate supporting plate is than taking off the housing indentation 0～3mm that receives element; The tooth root garden arc that takes off receipts tooth plate supporting plate is less than half garden; The tooth root garden arc that takes off the receipts element is less than half garden.

5. combine harvester according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that: impurities removal air flue porch is equipped with impacting type seed loss checkout gear; Take off to receive on cylinder, axial-flow type drum, the engine power output shaft speed measuring device is installed; Position sensing device is installed on the nearside divider; By the action element regulation and control engine throttle opening and the speed of travel, the receiving apparatus adjustable height is taken off in regulation and control to calculator according to position sensor signal according to rotation speed change, according to seed loss signals-modulating impurities removal air channel choke aperture.

6. combine harvester according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that: sheller unit adopts an axial-flow type drum; Expansion chamber is arranged in an end of a level or fore-and-aft tilt or vertical axial-flow cylinder; Expansion chamber sedimentation material send plate or slide plate to send into to take off again in a level or fore-and-aft tilt or the vertical axial-flow cylinder and separates through trembling.

7. combine harvester according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that: take off the power of receiving cylinder and import from the middle part; Driver's cabin or bridge can be tumbled forward around preceding bearing pin; Take off the receiving apparatus back cover and covered transparent windows; Take off the centre position that receiving apparatus lift rotary bearing pin is being taken over.

8. combine harvester according to claim 6 is characterized in that: take off receiving apparatus and promote by hanging spring; Air flue passes through under driver's seat.

9. combine harvester according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that: the hinged cover straw handling unit of running gear rear single-point; With the clear grain of cross flow fan air draught.

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