CN110583215A - Negative pressure suction type pre-harvest threshing harvester and harvesting method - Google Patents
Negative pressure suction type pre-harvest threshing harvester and harvesting method Download PDFInfo
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- CN110583215A CN110583215A CN201910952722.XA CN201910952722A CN110583215A CN 110583215 A CN110583215 A CN 110583215A CN 201910952722 A CN201910952722 A CN 201910952722A CN 110583215 A CN110583215 A CN 110583215A
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- grain
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 238000012794 pre-harvesting Methods 0.000 title claims description 14
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 claims description 76
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 241000209094 Oryza Species 0.000 claims description 18
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 claims description 18
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 claims description 18
- 241000209140 Triticum Species 0.000 claims description 13
- 235000021307 Triticum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 241001024327 Oenanthe <Aves> Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000251169 Alopias vulpinus Species 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 241001494496 Leersia Species 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 210000005069 ears Anatomy 0.000 description 5
- 241001124569 Lycaenidae Species 0.000 description 4
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010009 beating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01D—HARVESTING; MOWING
- A01D41/00—Combines, i.e. harvesters or mowers combined with threshing devices
- A01D41/08—Combines with thresh before the stalk is cut
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01D—HARVESTING; MOWING
- A01D41/00—Combines, i.e. harvesters or mowers combined with threshing devices
- A01D41/12—Details of combines
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01D—HARVESTING; MOWING
- A01D41/00—Combines, i.e. harvesters or mowers combined with threshing devices
- A01D41/12—Details of combines
- A01D41/1208—Tanks for grain or chaff
- A01D41/1217—Unloading mechanisms
Abstract
The invention provides a negative pressure suction type threshing harvester before cutting and a harvesting method. The suction and discharge pipeline device is matched with the threshing device, and by utilizing the negative pressure suction effect of the high-pressure centrifugal fan, the threshing device can suck as soon as possible, send as soon as possible, blow as soon as possible and cut as soon as possible, and can thresh and cut grass first, so that the threshing device is simple in structure, low in manufacturing cost, high in production efficiency, low in energy consumption, low in failure rate and low in grain loss rate; the periphery of the roller of the threshing device is provided with a covering to limit the incoming direction of the supplementary airflow during suction and strengthen the suction threshing effect; the threshing device is provided with a swinging direction-changing mechanism so as to realize the direction change of the threshing roller and the retraction and the extrusion of the spike teeth relative to the skin; the inlet end of a collecting cover of the suction and discharge pipeline device is provided with a floating plate to automatically stabilize negative pressure; the suction and discharge pipeline device is provided with a gate to realize the function switching of threshing suction and discharge and grain discharge.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of harvesters, in particular to a negative pressure suction type harvester capable of threshing before cutting and a harvesting method, and is particularly suitable for harvesting grains such as rice, wheat and the like.
Background
The currently used rice and wheat harvesters generally adopt the operation sequence of firstly cutting off crops and then feeding the cut crops into a threshing device by a conveying device for threshing. The harvesting mode of threshing after cutting is divided into a full-feeding type and a half-feeding type according to different feeding modes. The full feeding type is to send all the cut straws and ears into the threshing cylinder for threshing, so that the power consumption is higher, and the blockage and the blocking of the threshing part are easily caused. In addition, the method has the defects of high grain breakage rate, high stubble cutting, no contribution to subsequent operation and the like. The semi-feeding type is to feed the ear heads into the threshing cylinder for threshing, so the power consumption is smaller, but the structure is more complicated than the full-feeding type, the machine cost is high, the failure rate is high, and the maintenance cost is also high.
With the continuous development of the technology, various harvester designs adopting the operation sequence of threshing before cutting, namely threshing before cutting grass are proposed, but the following problems still exist in the harvesters: (1) the structure is complex and the cost is high; (2) the production efficiency of the harvester is low; (3) grain loss rates are high, resulting in these harvesters being impractical.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a negative pressure suction type threshing-before-cutting harvester and a harvesting method, which thoroughly and comprehensively solve the problems of complex structure, high manufacturing cost, high power consumption of the harvester, easy blockage and blockage in the crop conveying process, low production efficiency of the harvester, high grain loss rate and breakage rate and the like of the conventional harvester.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a negative pressure suction pre-harvest threshing harvester comprising: a straw separating rod, a threshing device, a suction and discharge pipeline device, a grain collecting bin, a power device, a walking device, a mowing device, a rack, a control device and the like.
The negative pressure suction type threshing harvester before cutting is characterized in that the straw separating rods are arranged on two sides of the front lower portion of the rack, and the mounting height of the straw separating rods is adjustable.
The threshing device is arranged in front of the frame and positioned between two straw branches by utilizing a forward extending cantilever on the frame. The mounting height of the threshing device can be adjusted on the upright post along the vertical direction through the nut. The threshing device comprises a threshing cylinder and a swinging direction-changing mechanism. The threshing cylinder comprises a main shaft, two end plates, a plurality of threshing rollers, a plurality of spike teeth and a skin. The spike teeth are fixed on the threshing roller. The two ends of the threshing roller are supported by the end plates and can swing in the mounting holes of the end plates. The covering is in the shape of a thin-wall cylinder, a plurality of strip-shaped slits are cut on the covering, and the covering covers the outer sides of all the threshing rollers and is fixed on the two end plates. The spike teeth uniformly arranged on the threshing rollers correspond to the strip-shaped slits on the covering one by one, and the spike teeth on two adjacent threshing rollers are arranged in a staggered way. The rotation direction of the threshing cylinder is as follows: the spike teeth keep the movement direction of beating grains upwards relative to the head of the spike to be threshed. The swing direction changing mechanism is arranged on the outer side of one end of the threshing cylinder. The swing steering mechanism comprises a deflector rod, a flat key, a roller shaft, a cam, a tension spring and a lifting bolt. One end of the deflector rod is connected with the threshing roller through a flat key, the other end of the deflector rod is provided with a roller shaft, and the roller shaft is provided with a roller. One end of the tension spring is connected with the end plate through a lifting ring screw, and the other end of the tension spring is connected with the deflector rod through another lifting ring screw. The cam is fixedly arranged on the frame. The roller is always in contact with the cam under the action of the tension spring. In the process of one rotation of the threshing cylinder, the threshing roller swings back and forth once around the axis of the threshing roller under the action of the swinging and direction-changing mechanism, so that the spike teeth on the threshing roller are driven to retract and lift out once from the slit relative to the skin.
The negative pressure suction type harvester capable of threshing before cutting is characterized in that the suction and discharge pipeline device comprises a collecting cover, a high-pressure centrifugal fan, a fan output pipe, a grain unloading fan input pipe and a high-position grain unloading hose. The collecting cover is arranged above the threshing cylinder and is connected with the air inlet of the high-pressure centrifugal fan backwards. The collecting hood and the covering constitute a relatively closed negative pressure suction channel required for threshing. The entry end of collecting the cover is equipped with floating plate, dwang, gag lever post, circular arc slotted hole. The floating plate is positioned on the upper side surface of the inlet end of the collecting cover and is in an arc shape with a concave upper part and a convex lower part, the rear end of the floating plate is connected with the rotating rod, the front end of the floating plate is connected with the limiting rod, the floating plate can rotate around the rotating rod, and the limiting rod correspondingly slides between an upper limit position and a lower limit position in the arc-shaped groove holes in the two side walls of the collecting cover. The floating plate has the function of automatically adjusting the opening degree of the inlet of the collecting cover according to the quantity of the rice and wheat ears sucked and rolled into the inlet of the collecting cover, thereby maintaining the relative stability of the negative pressure in the suction channel. When more rice and wheat ears are sucked into the inlet of the collecting cover, the vacuum degree in the sucking channel is increased, the internal and external pressure difference of the inlet of the collecting cover is increased, the front end of the floating plate is lifted upwards appropriately, the opening degree of the inlet is increased, the flow rate of the supplement airflow is increased, the internal and external pressure difference of the inlet of the collecting cover is reduced, and therefore the negative pressure in the sucking channel is recovered to be close to the previous value. And vice versa. And a first lifting type gate is arranged in the rear section of the collecting cover. The high-pressure centrifugal fan is arranged on the right side of the frame. And one end of the fan output pipe is connected with an air outlet of the high-pressure centrifugal fan, and the other end of the fan output pipe extends backwards into the grain collecting bin. When the high-pressure centrifugal fan runs, the high-pressure centrifugal fan is in a pipeline space with a certain positive pressure from the air outlet to the outer end of the output pipe of the fan (the end extending into the grain collecting bin), so that a positive-pressure grain conveying channel during threshing and grain unloading is formed. And one end of an input pipe of the grain unloading fan is connected with an air inlet of the high-pressure centrifugal fan, and the other end of the input pipe is connected with the bottom of the grain collecting bin. The input pipe of the grain unloading fan is a negative pressure suction channel required during grain unloading. And a second lifting type gate is arranged in the middle section of the input pipe of the grain unloading fan. When the harvester is in a threshing suction row working state, the first lifting type gate is in an opening state, and the second lifting type gate is in a closing state; when the harvester is in a grain unloading suction and discharge working state, the first lifting type gate is in a closed state, and the second lifting type gate is in an open state. The high-level grain unloading hose is connected to the upper end of the output pipe of the fan only when grain is unloaded, and is detached when threshing.
The negative pressure suction type harvester capable of threshing before cutting is characterized in that the grain collecting bin is arranged on the upper rear portion of the rack. And a slag raising port is arranged on the rear side wall of the grain collecting bin.
The negative pressure suction type threshing harvester before cutting is characterized in that the walking device is arranged at the lowest part of the whole rack.
The negative pressure suction type threshing harvester before cutting is characterized in that the mowing device is arranged at the rear lower part of the threshing cylinder and in front of the walking device. The installation height of the mowing device is adjustable.
The negative pressure suction type harvester capable of threshing before cutting is characterized in that the control device is arranged at the position of the middle part of the rack, which is close to the left front side.
The negative pressure suction type harvester capable of threshing before cutting is characterized in that the power device is arranged at the left side position in the middle of the rack. The power is transmitted to the high-pressure centrifugal fan, the threshing roller, the walking device and the mowing device by taking a gasoline engine or a diesel engine as power through a belt or a chain and a corresponding variable-speed transmission device.
The negative pressure suction type pre-harvest threshing and harvesting method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
A. the high-pressure centrifugal fan is matched with the collecting cover and the covering skin to form a section of relatively closed channel, a negative pressure suction principle is applied, a stepless 'straw sucking and feeding' mode is used for replacing a traditional stepped 'straw shifting, cutting and feeding' mode, and the head parts of crops such as rice, wheat and the like are adsorbed on the cylindrical surface of the threshing cylinder;
B. the threshing cylinder is matched with the swing steering mechanism to beat and thresh the rice and wheat ears, the roots of which are fixed in the soil and basically kept in an upright state;
C. the threshed grains move forwards in the negative pressure suction channel, enter and pass through a high-pressure centrifugal fan, then enter a fan output pipe with certain positive pressure, and continue to move forwards until falling into a grain collecting bin;
D. the relatively light fine crushed slag leaves fly out of the slag raising port and fall to the ground;
E. the threshed rice and wheat straws are cut by the mowing device;
F. the cut straws can be directly returned to the field, and can also be matched with a bundling machine by a straw conveying device arranged on the frame as required, and are bundled and then processed in a centralized way;
G. after the threshing suction-discharge work is finished, the two lifting-pulling type gates are respectively changed into an open-close state, and a high-position grain-discharging hose is connected to the upper end of the output pipe of the fan, so that the threshing suction-discharge work state can be switched.
The invention can achieve the following beneficial effects:
1. the negative pressure suction effect generated by the high-pressure centrifugal fan is utilized, threshing is carried out before mowing, and the traditional reel device, a header, a crop conveying device and a grain and straw screening device are omitted, so that the harvester has the advantages of simple structure, small volume, light weight and low manufacturing cost;
2. because the suction and discharge pipeline device is a pipeline with a smooth inner wall and conveys purer grains only mixed with a small amount of fine crushed leaves, the defect that the traditional crop conveying device is easily blocked and stuck by the grain grass is eliminated, the conveying energy consumption is reduced, and the grain breakage rate is also reduced;
3. because the negative pressure suction principle is adopted, the traditional step-by-step straw shifting, cutting and feeding mode is replaced by a step-less straw sucking and feeding mode, namely sucking, releasing, sending, blowing and cutting are carried out, and the production efficiency is higher;
4. under the traditional 'standing grain poking, cutting and feeding' mode, grains well-ripened at the ear tip of the crop are easy to shake down to the ground, but the negative pressure suction principle is adopted in the invention, so that the phenomenon that the grains well-ripened at the ear tip are scattered down to the ground is avoided, and meanwhile, the negative pressure suction device also has the function of upwards sucking and pulling the lodging crops, thereby obviously reducing the loss rate of the grains;
5. when unloading grain, the suction and discharge pipeline device of the harvester can be utilized, the open and close states of the two pull-up gates are only needed to be changed, and the upper end of the output pipe of the fan is connected with the high-position grain unloading hose, so that the device is very convenient.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic front view of a negative pressure suction type pre-harvest threshing harvester (threshing state) according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic top view of the vacuum suction type pre-harvest threshing harvester (threshing state) of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a left side view of the threshing device according to the invention.
Fig. 4 is a perspective view of the threshing device according to the invention.
Fig. 5 is a perspective partial view of the swing divert facility in the threshing apparatus of the present invention (only one swing divert unit is shown).
Fig. 6 is a perspective view of the covering in the threshing cylinder according to the invention.
Fig. 7 is a schematic front view of the negative pressure suction type pre-harvest threshing harvester (grain unloading state) of the invention.
Wherein:
1-straw separating, 2-threshing, 3-suction and discharge pipeline device, 4-grain collecting bin, 5-power transmission device, 6-walking device, 7-mowing device, 8-frame and 9-operating device
In the threshing apparatus 2: 21-threshing cylinder, 22-swinging direction-changing mechanism
In the threshing cylinder 21: 211-main shaft, 212-end plate, 213-threshing roller, 214-spike teeth, 215-covering
In the end plate 212: 2121-mounting hole
In skin 215: 2151 slit
In the swing steering mechanism 22: 221-toggle lever, 222-flat key, 223-roller, 224-roller shaft, 225-cam, 226-tension spring, 227-lifting bolt
In the suction and discharge piping device 3: 31-collecting cover, 32-high pressure centrifugal fan, 33-fan output pipe, 34-grain unloading fan input pipe, 35-high grain unloading hose, 36-lifting type gate I, 37-lifting type gate II
In the collecting hood 31: 311-floating plate, 312-rotating rod, 313-limiting rod and 314-arc-shaped slot hole
In the high-pressure centrifugal fan 32: 321-air inlet, 322-air outlet
In the grain collecting bin 4: 41-slag lifting port
In the frame 8: 81-cantilever extending forwards, 82-column, 83-nut
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of embodiments of the invention refers to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the invention relates to a negative pressure suction type threshing harvester before cutting, which comprises a straw separating rod 1, a threshing device 2, a suction and discharge pipeline device 3, a grain collecting bin 4, a power device 5, a walking device 6, a mowing device 7, a frame 8 and a control device 9. The dividing straw 1, the power device 5, the walking device 6, the grass cutting device 7 and the operating device 9 are all the prior art.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the dividing rod 1 is arranged at the two sides of the front lower part of the frame 8, and the installation height thereof can be adjusted. The threshing device 2 comprises a threshing cylinder 21 and a swinging direction-changing mechanism 22, the threshing device 2 is arranged in front of the frame 8 and in the middle of two straw branches 1 by utilizing a forward-extending cantilever 81 on the frame 8, and the mounting height of the threshing device 2 can be adjusted along the vertical direction on a stand column 82 through a nut 83 so as to adapt to rice and wheat crops with different heights. The swinging deviator 22 is arranged outside one end of the threshing cylinder 21. The suction and discharge pipeline device 3 is arranged at the middle upper part of the frame 8. The grain collecting bin 4 is arranged at the rear upper part of the frame 8. The power device 5 is arranged at the left side position in the middle of the frame 8. The running gear 6 is arranged at the lowest part of the frame 8. The grass cutting device 7 is arranged at the rear lower part of the threshing cylinder 21 and in front of the walking device 6, and the installation height of the grass cutting device is adjustable. The operating device 9 is arranged at the left front side position in the middle of the machine frame 8.
As shown in fig. 3, 4, 5 and 6, the threshing cylinder 21 includes a main shaft 211, two end plates 212, a plurality of threshing rollers 213, a plurality of spikes 214 and a cover 215. The spike teeth 214 are fixed to the threshing roller 213. The threshing roller 213 is supported at both ends by the end plates 212 and is swingable within the mounting holes 2121 of the end plates 212. The skin 215 is in the shape of a thin-wall cylinder, a plurality of strip-shaped slits 2151 are cut on the skin 215, and the skin 215 is covered on the outer sides of all the threshing rollers 213 and fixed on the two end plates 212. The spike teeth 214 evenly arranged on the threshing rollers 213 correspond to the strip-shaped slits 2151 on the skin 215 one by one, and the spike teeth 214 on two adjacent threshing rollers 213 are arranged in a staggered manner. The rotation direction of the threshing cylinder 21 is: spike teeth 214 maintain the direction of movement of the grain being struck upward relative to the ear of grain to be threshed.
As shown in fig. 3, 4, and 5, the swing change mechanism 22 includes a shift lever 221, a flat key 222, a roller 223, a roller shaft 224, a cam 225, a tension spring 226, and an eye screw 227. One end of the shift lever 221 is coupled to the threshing roller 213 via a flat key 222, and the other end is provided with a roller shaft 224, and the roller shaft 224 is provided with a roller 223. A tension spring 226 is attached at one end to the end plate 212 by an eye screw 227 and at the other end to the toggle lever 221 by another eye screw 227. The cam 225 is fixedly mounted on the frame 8. The roller 223 is always kept in contact with the cam 225 by the tension spring 226. In the process of one rotation of the threshing cylinder 21, the threshing roller 213 swings back and forth once around its own axis under the action of the swing steering mechanism 22, so as to drive the spikes 214 on the threshing roller 213 to retract and lift out once from the slit 2151 relative to the skin 215.
As shown in fig. 1, 2 and 7, the suction and discharge piping device 3 includes a collection cover 31, a high pressure centrifugal fan 32, a fan output pipe 33, a grain discharge fan input pipe 34, and a high grain discharge hose 35. The collecting hood 31 is disposed above the threshing cylinder 21 and is connected to the air inlet 321 of the high-pressure centrifugal fan 32. The collecting hood 31 and the skin 215 form a relatively closed suction channel required for threshing. The skin 215 is used for limiting the inflow direction of the supplement airflow during suction and enhancing the suction threshing effect. The inlet end of the collecting hood 31 is provided with a floating plate 311, a rotating rod 312, a limiting rod 313 and an arc-shaped slot 314. The floating plate 311 is located on the upper side of the inlet end of the collecting cover 31 and is in an arc shape with a concave upper part and a convex lower part, the rear end of the floating plate 311 is connected with the rotating rod 312, the front end of the floating plate 311 is connected with the limiting rod 313, the floating plate 311 can rotate around the rotating rod 312, and the limiting rod 313 correspondingly slides between the upper limit position and the lower limit position in the arc-shaped groove holes 314 on the two side walls of the collecting cover 31. The floating plate 311 serves to automatically adjust the opening of the inlet of the collecting hood 31 according to the amount of the ears of rice and wheat sucked into the inlet of the collecting hood 31, thereby maintaining the negative pressure in the suction passage relatively stable. When more ears of rice and wheat are sucked and rolled into the inlet of the collecting cover 31, the vacuum degree in the suction channel is increased, the pressure difference between the inside and the outside of the inlet of the collecting cover 31 is increased, the front end of the floating plate 311 is appropriately lifted upwards, the opening degree of the inlet is increased, the flow rate of the supplement airflow is increased, the pressure difference between the inside and the outside of the inlet of the collecting cover 31 is reduced, and therefore the negative pressure in the suction channel is recovered to be close to the previous value. And vice versa. The inner part of the rear section of the collecting cover 31 is provided with a first lifting type gate 36. The high pressure centrifugal fan 32 is arranged on the right side of the frame. One end of the fan output pipe 33 is connected with the air outlet 322 of the high-pressure centrifugal fan 32, and the other end extends backwards into the grain collecting bin 4. When the high-pressure centrifugal fan 32 is running, the air outlet 322 of the high-pressure centrifugal fan is connected to the outer end of the fan output pipe 33 (the end extending into the grain collecting bin) to form a pipeline space with a certain positive pressure, so that a positive-pressure grain conveying channel is formed during threshing and grain unloading. One end of the grain unloading fan input pipe 34 is connected with the air inlet 321 of the high-pressure centrifugal fan 32, and the other end is connected with the bottom of the grain collecting bin 4. The input pipe 34 of the grain unloading fan is a negative pressure suction channel required during grain unloading. A second lifting type gate 37 is arranged in the middle section of the input pipe 34 of the grain unloading fan.
The working process of the negative pressure suction type threshing harvester before cutting during threshing and suction is as follows: firstly opening the first lifting type gate 36 and closing the second lifting type gate 37, respectively adjusting the installation heights of the straw separating rod 1, the threshing device 2 and the mowing device 7 according to requirements, and then opening the power device 5 to transmit power to the high-pressure centrifugal fan 32, the threshing device 2, the walking device 6, the mowing device 7 and the like. Under the negative pressure suction effect formed by the cooperation of the high-pressure centrifugal fan 32, the collecting cover 31 and the skin 215, the ears of the rice and wheat crops are adsorbed on the cylindrical surface of the threshing cylinder 21, and along with the continuous rotation of the threshing cylinder 21, grains on the ears are continuously beaten, fall off and splash in a space formed by the collecting cover 31 and the skin 215, and are immediately sucked into the high-pressure centrifugal fan 32. After passing through the high pressure centrifugal fan 32, the grains enter the fan output pipe 33 with a certain positive pressure and continue to move forward until falling into the grain collecting bin 4 (as shown in fig. 1). Meanwhile, relatively light fine crushed leaves fly out of the residue raising port 41 to land, and the threshed rice and wheat straws are cut by the mowing device 7 and returned to the field. Or the straw conveying device and the bundling machine (the straw conveying device and the bundling machine are not shown in the attached drawing) which are arranged on the frame are matched according to the requirement, and the straw is bundled and then is processed in a centralized way.
So far, the whole harvesting process is completed: walking, sucking, threshing, conveying, slag blowing and mowing.
After the threshing suction-exhaust work is finished, the high-position grain-discharging hose 35 is connected to the upper end of the fan output pipe 33, the first lifting type gate 36 is closed, the second lifting type gate 37 is opened, the power device 5 is opened again, power is transmitted to the high-pressure centrifugal fan 32, and the grain-discharging suction-exhaust work can be carried out: the grains in the grain collecting bin 4 are continuously transferred to a grain conveying vehicle (as shown in fig. 7, the grain conveying vehicle is not shown in the attached figure) through an input pipe 34 of a grain unloading fan, a high-pressure centrifugal fan 32, an output pipe 33 of the fan and a high-position grain unloading hose 35 in sequence.
Based on the negative pressure suction type harvester with threshing before cutting, the invention also provides a negative pressure suction type harvester with threshing before cutting and a harvesting method, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
the high-pressure centrifugal fan 32 is matched with the collecting cover 31 and the covering 215 to form a section of relatively closed channel, and the head of the rice, wheat and other crops is adsorbed on the cylindrical surface of the threshing roller 21 by applying a negative pressure suction principle and replacing a traditional step-by-step seedling pulling, cutting and feeding mode with a step-less seedling sucking and feeding mode; the threshing cylinder 21 is matched with the swing steering mechanism 22 to beat and thresh the rice and wheat ears with the roots fixed in the soil and basically kept in an upright state; the threshed grains move forwards in the negative pressure suction type channel, enter and pass through a high-pressure centrifugal fan 32, then enter a fan output pipe 33 with certain positive pressure, and continue to move forwards until falling into a grain collecting bin 4; the relatively light fine crushed slag leaves fly out of the slag lifting port 41 and fall to the ground; the threshed rice and wheat straws are cut by the mowing device 7; the cut straws can be directly returned to the field, and can also be bundled and then processed in a centralized way according to the needs. After the threshing suction and discharge work is finished, the upper end of the fan output pipe 33 is connected with a high-level grain discharge hose 35, the two lifting type gates (a lifting type gate I36 and a lifting type gate II 37) are respectively changed into an open-close state, then the power device 5 is opened, power is transmitted to the high-pressure centrifugal fan 32, and the grain discharge suction and discharge work state is switched.
The above is a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and does not limit the scope of the present invention. Any modification and improvement made according to the design concept of the present invention shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. The utility model provides a threshing harvester before negative pressure suction formula cuts, includes branch straw (1), thresher (2), suction and exhaust pipe way device (3), collection granary (4), power device (5), running gear (6), grass cutting device (7), frame (8), controlling means (9), its characterized in that: the dividing straw (1) is arranged on two sides of the front lower part of the rack (8); the threshing device (2) comprises a threshing cylinder (21) and a swinging direction-changing mechanism (22), and the threshing device (2) is arranged in front of the rack (8) and positioned in the middle of two straw-dividing rods (1) by utilizing a forward-extending cantilever (81) on the rack (8); the swing direction changing mechanism (22) is arranged on the outer side of one end of the threshing cylinder (21); the suction and discharge pipeline device (3) is arranged at the middle upper part of the rack (8); the grain collecting bin (4) is arranged at the rear upper part of the rack (8); the power device (5) is arranged at the left side position in the middle of the rack (8); the walking device (6) is arranged at the lowest part of the whole rack (8); the mowing device (7) is arranged at the rear lower part of the threshing cylinder (21) and in front of the walking device (6); the operating device (9) is arranged at the left front side position in the middle of the rack (8).
2. The negative pressure suction pre-harvest threshing harvester of claim 1, wherein: the mounting height of the threshing device (2) can be adjusted on the upright post (82) along the vertical direction through a nut (83).
3. The negative pressure suction pre-harvest threshing harvester of claim 2, wherein: the threshing cylinder (21) comprises a main shaft (211), two end plates (212), a plurality of threshing rollers (213), a plurality of spike teeth (214) and a skin (215); the spike teeth (214) are fixed on the threshing roller (213), and two ends of the threshing roller (213) are supported by the end plate (212) and can swing in the mounting hole (2121) of the end plate (212); the skin (215) is in a thin-wall cylindrical shape, a plurality of strip-shaped slits (2151) are cut on the skin, and the skin (215) is coated on the outer sides of all the threshing rollers (213) and fixed on the two end plates (212); the threshing rollers (213) are uniformly provided with a plurality of spike teeth (214) which are in one-to-one correspondence with the strip-shaped slits (2151) on the skin (215), and the spike teeth (214) on two adjacent threshing rollers (213) are arranged in a staggered way.
4. The negative pressure suction pre-harvest threshing harvester of claim 3, wherein: the swing direction changing mechanism (22) comprises a shifting rod (221), a flat key (222), a roller (223), a roller shaft (224), a cam (225), a tension spring (226) and a lifting ring screw (227); one end of the shifting lever (221) is connected with the threshing roller (213) through a flat key (222), the other end is provided with a roller shaft (224), and the roller shaft (224) is provided with a roller (223); one end of a tension spring (226) is connected to the end plate (212) through a lifting ring screw (227), and the other end of the tension spring is connected to a driving lever (221) through another lifting ring screw (227); the cam (225) is fixedly arranged on the frame (8); in the process of one rotation of the threshing cylinder (21), the threshing roller (213) swings back and forth once around the axis of the threshing roller under the action of the swinging direction changing mechanism (22), so that the spike teeth (214) on the threshing roller (213) are driven to retract and lift out once from the slit (2151) relative to the skin (215).
5. The negative pressure suction pre-harvest threshing harvester of claim 4, wherein: the suction and discharge pipeline device (3) comprises a collecting cover (31), a high-pressure centrifugal fan (32), a fan output pipe (33), a grain unloading fan input pipe (34) and a high grain unloading hose (35); the collecting cover (31) is arranged above the threshing cylinder (21) and is connected with an air inlet (321) of the high-pressure centrifugal fan (32) backwards; the high-pressure centrifugal fan (32) is arranged on the right side of the rack (8); one end of the fan output pipe (33) is connected with an air outlet (322) of the high-pressure centrifugal fan (32), and the other end of the fan output pipe extends backwards into the grain collecting bin (4); one end of the grain unloading fan input pipe (34) is connected with an air inlet (321) of the high-pressure centrifugal fan (32), and the other end of the grain unloading fan input pipe is connected with the bottom of the grain collecting bin (4); a slag raising port (41) is arranged on the rear side wall of the grain collecting bin (4).
6. The negative pressure suction pre-harvest threshing harvester of claim 5, wherein: the inlet end of the collecting cover (31) is provided with a floating plate (311), a rotating rod (312), a limiting rod (313) and an arc-shaped groove hole (314); the floating plate (311) is positioned on the upper side surface of the inlet end of the collecting cover (31) and is in an arc shape with an upper concave part and a lower convex part, the rear end of the floating plate (311) is connected with the rotating rod (312), the front end of the floating plate (311) is connected with the limiting rod (313), the floating plate (311) can rotate around the rotating rod (312), and the limiting rod (313) correspondingly slides between an upper limit position and a lower limit position in the arc-shaped slotted holes (314) on the two side walls of the collecting cover (31).
7. The negative pressure suction pre-harvest threshing harvester of claim 6, wherein: a first lifting type gate (36) is arranged in the rear section of the collecting cover (31), and a second lifting type gate (37) is arranged in the middle section of the input pipe (34) of the grain unloading fan.
8. The harvesting method of a negative pressure suction pre-harvest threshing harvester of claim 7, comprising the steps of:
A. the high-pressure centrifugal fan is matched with the collecting cover and the covering skin to form a section of relatively closed channel, a negative pressure suction principle is applied, a stepless 'straw sucking and feeding' mode is used for replacing a traditional stepped 'straw shifting, cutting and feeding' mode, and the head parts of crops such as rice, wheat and the like are adsorbed on the cylindrical surface of the threshing cylinder;
B. the threshing cylinder is matched with the swing steering mechanism to beat and thresh the rice and wheat ears, the roots of which are fixed in the soil and basically kept in an upright state;
C. the threshed grains move forwards in the negative pressure suction channel, enter and pass through a high-pressure centrifugal fan, then enter a fan output pipe with certain positive pressure, and continue to move forwards until falling into a grain collecting bin;
D. the relatively light fine crushed slag leaves fly out of the slag raising port and fall to the ground;
E. the threshed rice and wheat straws are cut by the mowing device;
F. the cut straws can be directly returned to the field, and can also be matched with a bundling machine by a straw conveying device arranged on the frame as required, and are bundled and then processed in a centralized way;
G. after the threshing suction-discharge work is finished, the two lifting-pulling type gates are respectively changed into an open-close state, and a high-position grain-discharging hose is connected to the upper end of the output pipe of the fan, so that the threshing suction-discharge work state can be switched.
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| CN111903316A (en) * | 2020-08-13 | 2020-11-10 | 湖南农业大学 | Air suction type harvester |
| CN113597877A (en) * | 2021-07-12 | 2021-11-05 | 农业农村部南京农业机械化研究所 | Pneumatic conveying type edible bean combine harvester |
| CN114885673A (en) * | 2022-03-28 | 2022-08-12 | 中国农业科学院兰州畜牧与兽药研究所 | Seed collection device before plantago |
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