CN111903316B

CN111903316B - Air suction type harvester

Info

Publication number: CN111903316B
Application number: CN202010813119.6A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 谢方平; 康家鑫; 王修善; 罗红兵; 李旭; 刘大为; 黄晓军
Original assignee: Hunan Agricultural University
Current assignee: Hunan Agricultural University
Priority date: 2020-08-13
Filing date: 2020-08-13
Publication date: 2023-02-03
Anticipated expiration: 2040-08-13
Also published as: CN111903316A

Abstract

The invention discloses an air-suction type harvester which comprises a harvester body, wherein a threshing device and a cutting platform provided with a cutting knife are arranged on the harvester body, the threshing device comprises a threshing chamber and a threshing roller arranged in the threshing chamber, a suction cover is arranged on the cutting platform, and the suction cover is connected with an air-suction type conveying device used for sucking and conveying materials into the threshing chamber. The air-suction type harvester has the advantages of low loss rate, simple and compact structure, low cost and the like.

Description

Air suction type harvester

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural machinery, in particular to an air-suction type harvester.

Background

Currently, the mainstream soybean harvesters are traditional horizontal header harvesters, vertical header harvesters and row-alignment harvesters. The three types of harvesters are provided with the reel, when the soybeans are harvested, the pod frying phenomenon can be generated after the reel and the harvesting part are contacted with pods, and after part of the pods are naturally exploded, grains still remain on the pods and can drop when slightly touching the harvesting part, so that the loss rate is increased. In addition, the existing soybean harvesters are provided with devices such as a reel, a header auger, a header conveying chain and the like, and the existing soybean harvesters are complex in structure, high in cost, inconvenient to install and maintain and poor in working stability.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to solve the technical problem of overcoming the defects in the prior art and provides an air-suction type harvester which is low in loss rate, simple and compact in structure and low in cost.

In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

the utility model provides an air-suction type harvester, includes the harvester organism, install thresher and the header that is equipped with the cutting knife on the harvester organism, thresher includes the threshing teeth and installs threshing cylinder in the threshing teeth, be equipped with the suction cover on the header, the suction cover is connected with and is used for carrying the air-suction type conveyor in the threshing teeth with the material suction.

As a further improvement of the above technical solution:

the air suction type conveying device comprises an exhaust fan and a conveying channel, one end of the conveying channel is communicated with the suction hood, the other end of the conveying channel is communicated with the threshing chamber, and an air inlet of the exhaust fan is communicated with the threshing chamber.

The threshing chamber includes main cavity and the feeding cavity that is located main cavity one side, threshing cylinder is located the main cavity, transfer passage with the feeding cavity intercommunication, install in the feeding cavity and be used for carrying the material to the feeding auger of main cavity.

And the air inlet of the exhaust fan is communicated with the feeding chamber.

And a filter cover is arranged at the air inlet of the exhaust fan.

The filter mantle includes the barrel, the one end opening of barrel is equipped with the filter screen, the other end opening of barrel and the air intake intercommunication of air exhauster, the feeding auger with the filter screen is close to the setting each other so that the material that the feeding auger carried can strike off the material that adsorbs on the filter screen.

The axis of feeding auger is arranged horizontally, and the filter screen is located directly over the feeding auger.

The conveying channel is communicated with the suction hood and is positioned on one side of the header.

An arc-shaped guide plate is arranged in the suction hood, and the arc-shaped guide plate extends from the other side of the header to the communication position of the conveying channel and the suction hood.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:

the suction hood is arranged on the header, the suction hood is connected with a suction type conveying device for sucking and conveying materials into the threshing chamber, when the suction type harvester works, the suction type conveying device enables negative pressure to be generated in the suction hood, crops cut down by a cutter can fall to the suction hood under the action of self weight and the negative pressure in the suction hood and enter the threshing chamber of the threshing device under the action of air flow conveying of the suction type conveying device, and meanwhile, easily-dropped crop fruits or fruit pods (cracked but not dropped bean grains and easily-dropped bean pods) are also easily sucked into the suction hood under the action of the negative pressure and conveyed to the threshing chamber. The air-suction harvester can greatly reduce the falling of crop fruits, reduce the loss rate, does not need to be provided with a reel, a conveying auger and a chain conveying device, and can improve the simple and compact structure and reduce the cost.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic perspective view of an air-suction harvester.

Fig. 2 is a schematic top view of the air-suction harvester (with part of the housing removed).

Fig. 3 is a front view of the air-suction harvester (with part of the housing removed).

Fig. 4 is an enlarged schematic view of a portion a in fig. 3.

Illustration of the drawings:

1. a harvester body; 2. a threshing device; 21. a threshing chamber; 211. a main chamber; 212. a feed chamber; 22. a threshing cylinder; 3. a cutting knife; 4. a cutting table; 5. a suction hood; 51. an arc-shaped guide plate; 6. an exhaust fan; 7. a delivery channel; 8. feeding a packing auger; 9. a filter housing; 91. a cylinder body; 92. and (5) a filter screen.

Detailed Description

The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the figures and the specific embodiments.

As shown in fig. 1 to 3, the air-suction type harvester of the present embodiment includes a harvester body 1, a threshing device 2 and a cutting table 4 provided with a cutting knife 3 are mounted on the harvester body 1, the threshing device 2 includes a threshing chamber 21 and a threshing cylinder 22 mounted in the threshing chamber 21, a suction hood 5 is provided on the cutting table 4, and the suction hood 5 is connected with an air-suction type conveying device for sucking and conveying materials into the threshing chamber 21. The suction hood 5 is arranged on the cutting table 4 of the air-suction harvester, the suction hood 5 is connected with an air-suction conveying device which sucks and conveys materials into the threshing chamber 21, when the air-suction harvester works, the air-suction conveying device enables negative pressure to be generated in the suction hood 5, crops cut down by the cutting knife 3 can fall to the suction hood 5 under the action of self weight and the negative pressure in the suction hood 5 and enter the threshing chamber 21 of the threshing device 2 under the action of air flow conveying of the air-suction conveying device, and meanwhile crop fruits or fruit pods which easily fall (cracked but not fallen bean grains and easily fallen bean pods) are also easily sucked into the suction hood 5 under the action of the negative pressure and conveyed to the threshing chamber 21. The air-suction harvester can greatly reduce the falling of crop fruits, reduce the loss rate, does not need to be provided with a reel, a conveying auger and a chain conveying device, and can improve the simple and compact structure and reduce the cost.

In this embodiment, the air suction type conveying device includes an exhaust fan 6 and a conveying passage 7, one end of the conveying passage 7 is communicated with the suction hood 5, the other end of the conveying passage 7 is communicated with the threshing chamber 21, and an air inlet of the exhaust fan 6 is communicated with the threshing chamber 21. When the suction fan 6 starts to draw air, air flows from the suction hood 5 to the threshing chamber 21 along the conveying channel 7, and the conveyed materials are sucked. The air-suction type conveying device only adopts the combination of the exhaust fan 6 and the conveying channel 7, and has the advantages of simple structure, low cost and easy assembly and maintenance.

In this embodiment, the threshing chamber 21 includes a main chamber 211 and a feeding chamber 212 located at one side of the main chamber 211, the threshing cylinder 22 is located in the main chamber 211, the conveying channel 7 is communicated with the feeding chamber 212, and a feeding auger 8 for conveying the material to the main chamber 211 is installed in the feeding chamber 212. The material discharged from the conveying channel 7 enters the feeding chamber 212 of the threshing chamber 21, and then moves to the main chamber 211 where the threshing cylinder 22 is located to perform threshing under the mechanical conveying action of the feeding auger 8, so that the material can uniformly and orderly enter the main chamber 211 to perform threshing, and the stable and orderly threshing work is ensured.

In this embodiment, the intake of the exhaust fan 6 is connected to the feed chamber 212, so as to improve the suction effect.

In this embodiment, the air inlet of the exhaust fan 6 is provided with a filter cover 9, so that the crop fruits or fruit pods can be prevented from being sucked into the exhaust fan 6.

In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 4, the filter cover 9 includes a cylinder 91, a filter screen 92 is disposed at an opening of one end of the cylinder 91, an opening of the other end of the cylinder 91 is communicated with an air inlet of the exhaust fan 6, the feeding auger 8 and the filter screen 92 are disposed close to each other so that the material conveyed by the feeding auger 8 can scrape the material adsorbed on the filter screen 92, that is, the distance between the feeding auger 8 and the filter screen 92 is set to a proper size so that the material conveyed by the feeding auger 8 during operation can scrape the material adsorbed on the filter screen 92. The arrangement can prevent the filter screen 92 from being blocked by the materials adsorbed on the filter screen 92.

In this embodiment, the axis of the feeding auger 8 is arranged horizontally, and the filter screen 92 is positioned right above the feeding auger 8. During operation, due to the blocking and conveying functions of the feeding auger 8, the phenomenon that crops and impurities are attached to the filter screen 92 by large suction force to cause reduction of the working efficiency can be better avoided.

In this embodiment, the communication position of the conveying channel 7 and the suction hood 5 is located on one side of the header 4, so that the airflow flowing distance can be reduced, and the loss of suction force can be reduced.

In this embodiment, be equipped with arc guide plate 51 in the suction hood 5, arc guide plate 51 extends to conveying passageway 7 and suction hood 5 intercommunication department from the opposite side (keeping away from one side of conveying passageway 7 and suction hood 5 intercommunication department) of header 4 and arranges, and arc guide plate 51 guides the material that gets into in the suction hood 5 to conveying passageway 7 and the motion of suction hood 5 intercommunication department, guarantees the smooth and easy nature of material transport.

The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is not limited to the above-described examples. Modifications and variations that may occur to those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention are to be considered as within the scope of the invention.

Claims

1. The utility model provides an air-suction type harvester, includes harvester organism (1), header (4) of installing thresher (2) and being equipped with cutting knife (3) on harvester organism (1), thresher (2) include threshing chamber (21) and install threshing cylinder (22) in threshing chamber (21), its characterized in that: a suction hood (5) is arranged on the cutting platform (4), and the suction hood (5) is connected with a suction type conveying device which is used for sucking and conveying materials into the threshing chamber (21);

the air suction type conveying device comprises an exhaust fan (6) and a conveying channel (7), one end of the conveying channel (7) is communicated with the suction hood (5), the other end of the conveying channel (7) is communicated with the threshing chamber (21), and an air inlet of the exhaust fan (6) is communicated with the threshing chamber (21);

the threshing chamber (21) comprises a main chamber (211) and a feeding chamber (212) positioned on one side of the main chamber (211), the threshing cylinder (22) is positioned in the main chamber (211), the conveying channel (7) is communicated with the feeding chamber (212), and a feeding auger (8) for conveying materials to the main chamber (211) is arranged in the feeding chamber (212);

the air inlet of the exhaust fan (6) is communicated with the feeding chamber (212);

a filter cover (9) is arranged at an air inlet of the exhaust fan (6);

filter mantle (9) are including barrel (91), the one end opening of barrel (91) is equipped with filter screen (92), the other end opening of barrel (91) and the air intake intercommunication of air exhauster (6), feeding auger (8) with filter screen (92) are close to each other and set up so that the material that feeding auger (8) carried can strike off the material that adsorbs on filter screen (92).

2. The suction harvester of claim 1, wherein: the axis of feeding auger (8) is arranged horizontally, and filter screen (92) are located directly over feeding auger (8).

3. The suction harvester of claim 1 or 2, wherein: the conveying channel (7) is communicated with the suction hood (5) and is positioned on one side of the cutting table (4).

4. The suction harvester of claim 3, wherein: be equipped with arc guide plate (51) in suction hood (5), arc guide plate (51) extend from another side direction transfer passage (7) of header (4) and suction hood (5) intercommunication department and arrange.