A kind of high speed does not leak grain grain header
Technical field
The present invention relates to agricultural mechanical field, be specifically related to a kind of high speed and do not leak grain grain header.
Background technology
Northern China most area Winter Wheat Planted, according to statistics, 6 wheat main producing region cultivated areas such as Henan, Shandong, Hebei, Anhui, Jiangsu, Shaanxi are 2.9 hundred million mu, the Heilongjiang wheat 0.28 hundred million mu in the Inner Mongol, Gansu, Xinjiang and northeast, amount to plantation wheat 3.18 hundred million mu, for improving harvest efficiency, the whole nation about has the wheat oil recovery combine of 3.1 hundred million mu to gather in.
Combine, is referred to as combine at the beginning of the fifties, is the operation such as harvesting, threshing, separate stem stalk, the assorted excess of removing that once can complete cereal, directly obtains the harvest machinery of grain from field.
Common self-propelled combine, be made up of parts such as the ceding of Taiwan, inclined transporter, thresher, engine, chassis, transmission system, hydraulic system, electric system, driver's cabin, tanker and grass boxs, structure as shown in Figure 1.Its course of work is as follows:
Crop is allocated to cutter 2 by straw shift wheel 1, after crop is cut off by cutter, is poured in the ceding of Taiwan by straw shift wheel 1 group; The crop of cutting off is pushed away collection in the middle part of the ceding of Taiwan by ceding of Taiwan auger 3, and is referred to crop to turn to send into inclined transporter 5 by flexible the taking off on auger, then by the conveying chain harrow 4 of inclined transporter 5, crop threshing drum feed 9 is carried out threshing.Most of grain after threshing is fallen on scalariform conveyer 11 through the grid sieve aperture of notch board 8 together with mix fringe and broken original text of clever shell, and long shoot stalk and the grain etc. carried secretly are on a small quantity thrown on straw shaker 17 by the blade of check drum 10.Under the shake of straw shaker 17 throws effect, grain is separated.Grain and the short straw of assorted fringe are fallen at the bottom of key through straw shaker 17 keyboard hole, then slide on scalariform conveyer 11, to mix fringe grain husk shell etc. together with the grain fallen from notch board 8, shaking in the process of conveying backward, grain is separated gradually with clever shell foreign material, because proportion is different, grain is in below the broken original text of clever shell.When the grating through scalariform conveyer 11 afterbody, grain and clever shell etc. first fall from grating seam, and enter top sieve 14, short broken straw then by grating holder, separated further.Fallen in the process of top sieve 14 and lower sieve 16 by scalariform conveyer 11, the air-flow being subject to fan 12 dispels effect, light clever shell and broken original text are blown outside machine, and clean grain falls into grain auger 13, and send into unloading pipe 20 (heavy-duty machines then enters tanker) by grain elevator.Assorted remaining, the disconnected fringe do not purified falls into assorted remaining spiral 15 by the sieve aperture at lower sieve 16 rear portion, and throw again to get back to scalariform conveyer 11 cleans again after the threshing of rethresher secondary and (some machine does not have rethresher, then more than assorted, send the threshing of thrasher secondary by assorted remaining elevator back to), long shoot original text then throws grass box (or directly shedding on the ground) by straw shaker 17.After the straw in grass box gathers constant weight, grass box is opened automatically, straw be deposited on the ground, whole harvesting process completes.If but this self-propelled combine is in low speed harvesting state, and per hourly gather in 6 mu of wheats, harvesting more than 60 mu at most in a day, efficiency is low; And Wheat loss rate is 1.5 ~ 2% during the harvesting of the low speed of national Specification, if per mu yield wheat 1000 jin, then every mu of Wheat loss 15 ~ 20 jin, whole nation wheat machine receives area by 300,000,000 mu of calculating, then annual country is by loss 45 ~ 6,000,000,000 jin of wheats, amounts to RMB more than 38 hundred million yuan, suffers heavy losses.If this self-propelled combine is in high speed harvesting state, per hourly gather in 12 ~ 15 mu of wheats, harvesting more than 150 mu at most in a day, efficiency is high; But Wheat loss rate is 5 ~ 7% during the harvesting of the high speed of national Specification, if per mu yield wheat 1000 jin, then every mu of Wheat loss 50 ~ 70 jin, whole nation wheat machine receives area by 300,000,000 mu of calculating, then annual country is by loss 150 ~ 21,000,000,000 jin of wheats, amount to RMB more than 110 hundred million yuan, loss is heavy especially.
Meanwhile, what the threshing cleaning unit of existing self-propelled combine adopted is the lateral shaft stream roller that rasp bar is combined with separating plate, and as shown in Figure 2, its side is provided with rasp bar to structure, and the feeding mouth of respective shaft stream roller, for threshing; Opposite side is arranged at intervals with 4 separating plates, due to the ridge orientation of rasp bar, crops are moved to separating plate, be separated with stem stalk with assorted remaining by wheat by separating plate, stem stalk is discharged from discharge gate, wheat and assortedly remainingly bleed scalariform conveyer from notch board, shaking in the process of conveying backward, grain is separated gradually with clever shell foreign material, because proportion is different, below the broken original text of grain place grain husk shell.When the grating through scalariform conveyer afterbody, grain and clever shell etc. first fall from grating seam, enter the top sieve of vibratory sieve.Because separating plate is integral plate, make the load of grain header larger, diesel consumption is large, and easily make stem stalk excessively pulverize, make assorted surplus excessive, at wheat and assorted remaining from base plate to the dropping process of vibratory sieve, wheat and blowing more than mixing can not be separated by fan distinguished and admirable completely, some wheats with assorted remaining by together with blow out, cause wheat seed percent of loss higher.On the other hand, due to the maturity great disparity of crops, wetness is different, easily causes axial-flow type drum block, thus affect the operating efficiency of axial-flow type drum, and when the wheat of harvesting humidity, and loitering easily appears in grain header, the hypodynamic problem of horse.
Summary of the invention
The high speed that the technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to provide and a kind ofly gathers in that speed is high, seed is clean, grain loss rate is low does not leak grain grain header.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, embodiments of the invention provide a kind of and do not leak grain grain header at a high speed, comprise the ceding of Taiwan, inclined transporter, sheller unit, tanker and grass box, described sheller unit comprises axial-flow type drum, grid-type concave and top cover, left section of described axial-flow type drum is circumferentially arranged at intervals with 6 ~ 8 rasp bars, right section is circumferentially arranged at intervals with 4 ~ 6 separating plates, the left end of separating plate described in each is provided with 2 ~ 3 breach;
Wherein, described grid-type concave and top cover are enclosed to form the cylinder of an accommodating described axial-flow type drum;
The below of described grid-type concave is provided with auger conveyor, and this auger conveyor comprises the first distribution screw feeder and second and distributes screw feeder, and the material casting plate of described first distribution screw feeder has a breach, and the material casting plate of described second distribution screw feeder has four breach;
Wherein, the described first helical-blade distributing screw feeder is provided with the section of scabbling that two places alleviate, and the described second helical-blade distributing screw feeder is provided with the section of scabbling that a place alleviates.
Wherein, the left end of separating plate described in each is provided with two breach, and the spacing between described two breach is 120 ~ 150mm.
Wherein, described breach is inverted trapezoidal structure, and its upper base is 70 ~ 80mm, and going to the bottom is 50 ~ 60mm, and height is 80 ~ 100mm.
Further, also comprise the cleaning plant being located at described auger conveyor rear, it comprises the sorting screen become with lower screen banks by top sieve, and the gradient of described lower sieve is 34.5 ° ~ 35.5 °.
Wherein, the front end of described lower sieve is provided with lower sieve angle bar, and the width of the vertical edges of described lower sieve angle bar is 30 ~ 40mm.
Wherein, the below of described lower sieve is provided with and connects seed plate, and its gradient is 10 ° ~ 15 °.
Wherein, described top sieve is provided with shuttle board, is located at the rear of the material casting plate of described auger conveyor, and described shuttle board is made up of steel plate and bar tooth, and the length of described bar tooth is 15 ~ 30cm.
Further, the striker plate be located between the material casting plate of described auger conveyor and cleaning plant is also comprised.
Further, the described grid-type concave above described second distribution screw feeder has one group of two arc groove, the described grid-type concave above described first distribution screw feeder has two groups of four arc grooves, and the below often organizing described arc groove is provided with a gusset.
The technical scheme of the embodiment of the present invention has following technique effect:
Such scheme, by carrying out structure improvement to the sheller unit of existing self-propelled combine and cleaning plant, under the constant and shuttle board of inventory fills scattered condition material, according to aerodynamic principle, change airflow direction, make air flow cleaning maximum effect, after solving harvesting, in wheat bran, have a large amount of wheat, serious problem of leaking grain; Solve wheat seed cleanliness low, have a large amount of assorted remaining problem, realize the target that seed is clean; Decrease the assorted remainder amount after cleaning, solve the problem that rethresher is easy to block.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of existing self-propelled combine;
Description of reference numerals:
1, straw shift wheel; 2, cutter; 3, auger; 4, chain harrow is carried; 5, inclined transporter; 8, notch board; 9, threshing cylinder; 10, check drum; 11, scalariform conveyer; 12, fan; 13, grain auger; 14, top sieve; 15, assorted remaining spiral; 16, lower sieve; 17, straw shaker; 20, unloading pipe.
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of existing rasp bar formula axial-flow type drum;
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of the axial-flow type drum of the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the structural representation of the auger conveyor of the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is the structural representation of the grid-type concave of the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 6 is the partial enlarged drawing at the sorting screen place of the embodiment of the present invention.
Description of reference numerals:
100, axial-flow type drum;
200, rasp bar;
300, separating plate; 310, breach;
400, auger conveyor;
410, first distributes screw feeder; 420, second distributes screw feeder; 430, material casting plate; 431, breach; 440, material casting plate; 441, breach; 450, helical-blade; 451, the section of scabbling; 460, helical-blade; 461, the section of scabbling;
500, grid-type concave;
510, arc groove;
600, gusset;
700, cleaning plant;
710, top sieve; 720, lower sieve; 730, seed plate is connect.
Embodiment
For making the technical problem to be solved in the present invention, technical scheme and advantage clearly, be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and the specific embodiments.
The embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of and does not leak grain grain header at a high speed, comprises cutting bed, inclined transporter, sheller unit, tanker and grass box; Described sheller unit is made up of axial-flow type drum, grid-type concave and top cover.
As shown in Figure 3, left section of described axial-flow type drum 100 is circumferentially arranged at intervals with 6 ~ 8 rasp bars 200, preferably, the present embodiment is set to 4; Right section is circumferentially arranged at intervals with 4 ~ 6 separating plates 300, preferably, the present embodiment is set to 4; The left end of separating plate 300 described in each is provided with 2 ~ 3 breach 310, and preferably, the present embodiment is set to 2 breach, and the spacing between described breach 310 is 120mm.
In the embodiment of the present invention, owing to increasing by 2 ~ 3 breach 310 on separating plate 300, decrease the length of separating plate 300, breach 310 place expands the volume of emersion object, change the movement law of emersion object, there is the change that emersion object internal layer arranges, decrease the active force of separating plate to emersion object, decrease emersion object, the frictional force of separating plate 300 pairs between grid-type concave and top cover, solve too many due to emersion object amount and axial-flow type drum 100 that is that cause runs not smooth problem, the axial-flow type drum 100 of self propelled harvester is avoided to block, the phenomenon loitered when gathering in moist wheat, reduce resistance and the consumed power of axial-flow type drum 100 rotation,
Simultaneously, separating plate 300 is opened two breach 310, ledge between breach forms an agitating plate, separating plate 300 increases agitating function, stirs wheat emersion object, and promotion wheat is separated with other emersion objects, solve in Wheat Straw and carry the serious problem of wheat berry secretly, decrease leakage grain, improve separative efficiency, decrease the loss of grain;
Further, on described separating plate 300, the shape of breach 310 can be any shape, take inverted trapezoidal as the best, this shape increases the area of breach 310, add the intensity of ledge simultaneously, add the stirring capacity of agitating plate, test through field work, upper base is 70 ~ 80mm, and going to the bottom is 50 ~ 60mm, and height is the rotational resistance 10 ~ 30% that two breach of 80 ~ 100mm can reduce axial-flow type drum 100.
Described grid-type concave and top cover are enclosed to form the cylinder of an accommodating described axial-flow type drum, and the below of described grid-type concave is provided with auger conveyor.
As shown in Figure 4, described auger conveyor 400 comprises the first distribution screw feeder 410 and second and distributes screw feeder 420, the material casting plate 430 of described first distribution screw feeder 410 has a breach 431, the material casting plate 440 of described second distribution screw feeder 420 has four breach 441, to prevent material casting plate in auger conveyor 400 rotary course from rubbing mutually with the arc groove of grid-type concave or colliding, reduce the resistance in auger conveyor 400 rotary course;
Described first helical-blade 450 distributing screw feeder 410 is provided with the section of scabbling 451 that two places alleviate, and the described second helical-blade 460 distributing screw feeder 420 is provided with the section of scabbling 461 that a place alleviates; The section of scabbling of tube reducing reduces the diameter local distributing screw feeder rotating shaft, for emersion object adds cushion space, adds the space of emersion object, reduces emersion object and the frictional force of distributing screw feeder rotating shaft, reduce the resistance distributing screw feeder rotating shaft and run.
As shown in Figure 5, the described grid-type concave 500 above described second distribution screw feeder 420 has one group of two arc groove 510; Described grid-type concave 500 above described first distribution screw feeder 410 has two groups four arc groove 510 (not shown)s; Grid-type concave 500 is offered arc groove 510, grid-type concave 500 internal diameter can be increased, expand the gap between grid-type concave 500 and axial-flow type drum 100, when emersion object is too much, the situation that resistance is excessive or operation is not smooth because emersion object amount causes greatly can be prevented, and under normal operation, reduce the frictional force between emersion object and roller bearing stream cylinder 1, grid-type concave 500, reduce the rotational resistance of axial-flow type drum 100 and the power consumption of reaping machine.
A gusset 600 is provided with, to strengthen the intensity of arc groove 510 in the below often organizing described arc groove 510.
As shown in Figure 6, the auger conveyor rear of described self-propelled combine is also provided with cleaning plant 700, and it comprises the sorting screen be made up of top sieve 710 and lower sieve 720, and the gradient of described lower sieve 720 is 34.5 ° ~ 35.5 °.
Described sorting screen adopts the lip(ped) sieve of adjustable aperture size, and the fish scale eyelet of top sieve 710 is large, and roughly select, the fish scale eyelet of lower sieve 720 is little, carefully selects, and each scale rotating shaft is interlock, can change aperture simultaneously.Top sieve 710 and two sections, lower sieve 720 points of front and back, can regulate respectively on demand, and the performance of screen box guiding air-flow blowing light impurity and the large impurity of dispatch is good, compass screen surface not easily blocks, productivity ratio is high.
The front end of described lower sieve 720 is provided with lower sieve angle bar, and the width of the vertical edges of described lower sieve angle bar is 30 ~ 40mm, for the position of fixing lower screen box, reduces the moving range of lower screen box.
The below of described lower sieve 720 is provided with and connects seed plate 730, and its gradient is 10 ° ~ 15 °, utilizes lower sieve 720 and the inclination connecing seed plate 730, changes the trend of air-flow, increase the cleaning efficiency of air-flow, obtain the effect that seed is clean.
Wherein, described top sieve 710 is provided with shuttle board, is located at the rear of the material casting plate of described auger conveyor, and described shuttle board is made up of steel plate and bar tooth; Material is thrown on shuttle board by described material casting plate, and through the shake of bar tooth, material dispersion is opened, the length of described bar tooth is 15 ~ 30cm, and comparing traditional bar tooth will grow, and improves material dispersion efficiency.
Described high speed is not leaked grain grain header and is also comprised the striker plate (place not shown in the figures goes out) be located between the material casting plate of described auger conveyor and cleaning plant, and it is made up of iron sheet, steel plate or hard non-metallic material.
In said structure, the material entering cleaning plant because of common grain header is not uniform, sometimes how sometimes few, assuming that the condition of cleaning is a steady state value, if the direction of air-flow, size are constant, the structure of top sieve and lower sieve, position, motion are constant, for a small amount of material, air-flow can blow material far, and the wheat in material also can be blown away, enter in wheat bran, cause leakage grain; A large amount of material is blown into rethresher simultaneously, is easy to cause rethresher to block; When material quantity is large, air-flow can blow motionless material, and wheat bran is stayed, and causes wheat seed cleanliness low, has more than a large amount of mixing, can not reach the requirement that seed is clean, adopts striker plate to limit too much emersion object and passes through, form homogeneous material curtain, enter cleaning plant.
Therefore, the technical scheme of the embodiment of the present invention, structure improvement is carried out by the axial-flow type drum 100 of the sheller unit to existing self-propelled combine, auger conveyor and cleaning plant, under the constant and shuttle board of inventory fills scattered condition material, according to aerodynamic principle, change airflow direction, make air flow cleaning maximum effect, after solving harvesting, in wheat bran, have a large amount of wheat, serious problem of leaking grain; Solve wheat seed cleanliness low, have a large amount of assorted remaining problem, realize the target that seed is clean; Decrease the assorted remainder amount after cleaning, solve the problem that rethresher is easy to block.
The harvesting process that the high speed of the embodiment of the present invention does not leak grain grain header is as follows:
(1) threshing: cereal feeds from the feeding mouth of axial-flow type drum perpendicular to axial-flow type drum axle, along with axial-flow type drum rotates, under the effect of spiral guide plate, cereal is for the helical movement in sheller unit; Under the strike and rubbing effect of rasp bar and grid-type concave, occur frustrating and grain being come off in paddy layer, and after rasp bar is rubbed, become the emersion object be made up of long original text, short original text, clever shell and grain etc.; Along with the rotation of axial-flow type drum, emersion object enters separating plate part by the rasp bar part of axial-flow type drum, separating plate carries out High Rotation Speed emersion object, due to grain and the weight differential of other emersion objects, rely on the centrifugal force of manyfold larger than grain weight that grain is separated from original text layer, isolated short original text, clever shell and grain etc. enter auger conveyor by grid-type concave, and stem stalk is discharged from the straw outlet tangential direction circumferentially of axial-flow type drum;
(2) helical feed: utilize the first distribution screw feeder and the second material casting plate distributed on screw feeder to be delivered on the striker plate at material casting plate rear by entering the short original text of auger conveyor, clever shell and grain etc.;
(3) homogeneous material curtain is formed: utilize striker plate to limit too much emersion object and pass through, make emersion object form uniform material backstage and enter cleaning plant;
(4) clean: what cleaning plant adopted air-flow and sorting screen to combine cleans mode, emersion object dispels with the flow velocity of sorting screen porch 8 ~ 9m/s, middle part 5 ~ 6m/s, afterbody 2 ~ 3m/s by air-flow, light to short original text, clever shell etc. foreign material toward far blowing even outside blowout machine, light foreign material in sorting screen first half paddy layer are greatly reduced, a large amount of grain drops down onto on the top sieve of sorting screen, screens under the peptizaiton of shuttle board upper boom tooth; Wind deflector, gradient to be the lower sieve plate of 34.5 ° ~ 35.5 ° and gradient be 10 ° ~ 15 ° connect the acting in conjunction of seed plate under change air-flow trend, increase current rate, and under the shake effect of sorting screen, grain is roughly selected through top sieve, lower sieve drops down onto after carefully selecting and connects on seed plate, then enter tanker, sieve the disconnected fringe fallen on a small quantity and enter assorted remaining auger.
Utilize existing grain header and getting wheat of the present invention, harvesting correction data is as following table:
Whole nation wheat machine is received area and is reached 3.1 hundred million mu, and national combined wheat harvester reaches 450,000, and the combine of 6 wheat main product provinces is more than 300,000.If national wheat machine receives area by 300,000,000 mu of calculating, utilize getting wheat of the present invention, every mu can be lacked loss 50 jin of wheats, country at least increases income 15,000,000,000 jin of wheats every year, amount to RMB more than 105 hundred million yuan, in addition, harvesting speed of the present invention promotes more than one times, can realize harvesting at a high speed completely, every thousand mu, every platform grain header can save 0.5 ton of diesel oil, and diesel oil per ton is by 5000 yuan of calculating, every chassis can cut down expenses 2500 yuan, cross-regional operation grain header, by 300,000 calculating, can be country every year and saves 150,000 tons of diesel oil, amount to RMB 7.5 hundred million yuan.
The above is the preferred embodiment of the present invention; it should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, under the prerequisite not departing from principle of the present invention; can also make some improvements and modifications, these improvements and modifications also should be considered as protection scope of the present invention.