CN115474691A - Medicinal and edible nutritious food for reducing blood sugar of diabetes and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Medicinal and edible nutritious food for reducing blood sugar of diabetes and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN115474691A CN115474691A CN202211153978.2A CN202211153978A CN115474691A CN 115474691 A CN115474691 A CN 115474691A CN 202211153978 A CN202211153978 A CN 202211153978A CN 115474691 A CN115474691 A CN 115474691A
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of nutritious meals, in particular to a diabetic hypoglycemic nutritious meal with homology of medicine and food and a preparation method thereof. The application discloses a medicine-food homologous glucose-lowering nutritional meal for diabetes, which comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 52-58% of main package powder, 4-6% of auxiliary package powder and the balance of auxiliary materials; the main meal powder comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 24-72 parts of oat, 36-108 parts of cinnamon, 12-36 parts of poria cocos, 15-45 parts of ginseng, 15-45 parts of Chinese yam, 15-45 parts of polygonatum odoratum and 10-20 parts of kudzu root; the auxiliary materials are any one or more of rice puffed powder, resistant dextrin, maltodextrin, whey protein and soybean protein isolate. The hypoglycemic nutritional meal powder with the effect of regulating the intestinal flora is provided for consumers, can be applied to type 2 diabetes patients, and has a high value.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of nutritious meals, in particular to a diabetic hypoglycemic nutritious meal with homology of medicine and food and a preparation method thereof.
Background
With changes in dietary habits and lifestyle, diabetes has become an important public health problem. The conventional treatment methods for diabetes mainly include drug therapy, nutritional therapy, exercise, and the like. Patients usually take oral hypoglycemic drugs or insulin injections as the most important treatment methods, however, both methods have certain limitations and side effects. The nutrition therapy is the first of five carriages for treating diabetes and has extremely important significance.
At present, researchers at home and abroad develop researches on various dietary intervention methods for diabetics, such as the known glycemic index, dietary fiber, a diabetes type compound nutritional preparation and the like, and the blood sugar problem of the diabetics is improved by means of delaying the rise of blood sugar, regulating intestinal functions and the like. However, most of the ideas are from foreign countries, and the concept of homology of medicine and food in China is not integrated into the ideas. In China and even all over the world, the prevalence rate of diabetes is rapidly increasing, the diabetes and complications thereof seriously threaten the physical health and the life quality of residents in China, and the emphasis on the treatment of diabetes and the prevention and treatment of complications is on the control of blood sugar.
The prominent feature of diabetes is yin deficiency and dryness heat. The physician Liu Wan Yuan Su (Sanxiao Lun) in the period of jin Yuan indicated that: the pathogenesis of the three types of diabetes is caused by 'improper diet, dry intestines and stomach, no smooth gas and liquid, disorganized spirit, excessive violation of the degree, blood deficiency caused by yin qi loss and dryness-heat stagnation caused by yang qi gloomy'; deficiency of yin and fluid is the root, dryness-heat is endogenous, and deficient fire is predominant; long-term diabetes consuming body fluid and impairing qi to produce deficiency of both qi and yin; in the early and middle stages of diabetes, the pathogenesis is deficiency of both qi and yin and dryness-heat and deficient fire under the condition of no obvious complication; the mutual influence of the deficiency, depression and excess is causal and difficult to cure. Therefore, the general principle of Chinese medicine preparation is 'strengthening body resistance and eliminating evil, and treating both principal and secondary aspects'; tonify healthy qi, nourish yin and fluid, and strengthen the body resistance to cure the root cause; clearing heat and lowering fire can eliminate pathogenic factors and treat the symptoms. As early as 1990, the study shows that cinnamon has a good blood sugar reducing effect, and the study considers that the cinnamon has insulin synergistic factors, so that the insulin resistance is improved and the diabetes symptoms are relieved; the cinnamon extract contains methyl hydroxy chalcone polymer, can promote glycogen synthesis and glycogen synthase activity through cell stimulation of glucose absorption, has insulin-like effect in the process of inhibiting 3T3-L1 fatty steroid, activates an exhausted insulin receptor like an insulin analogue and an insulin signal, and can stimulate an insulin receptor substrate (IRS 1) to make tyrosine phosphorylation to improve an insulin signal cascade, so that the glucose uptake of mouse skeletal muscle cells is increased.
However, at present, related patents and products based on cinnamon cannot meet the requirements of a novel traditional Chinese medicine preparation for group prevention and treatment of diabetes, on one hand, most patents are focused on improvement of a cinnamon tea baking technology, such as a method for judging the grade and baking degree of wuyi cinnamon tea in patent CN201911040575.5, a method for producing real dragon cinnamon tea in patent CN201911083804.1 and a refining process of health-care aromatic cinnamon tea in patent CN201310120280.5, and the technical scheme recorded in the patents is mainly focused on improvement of the appearance and taste of the cinnamon tea; on the other hand, some patents are focused on the extraction of active ingredients of cinnamon, such as an extraction process of total polyphenols of the active ingredients for reducing blood sugar in cinnamon, a total polyphenol composition and application thereof, a Chinese medicine prescription for reducing blood sugar and a preparation method of the Chinese medicine prescription, a Chinese medicine preparation for treating and regulating blood fat, reducing blood pressure and blood sugar and a preparation method of the Chinese medicine preparation, and a Chinese medicine composition with the effects of reducing blood sugar, reducing blood fat and protecting vascular endothelium, and the preparation method of the Chinese medicine composition, wherein the Chinese medicine composition is prepared by using a patent CN201310134853, a patent CN201410552565.0, and the above patents are too complex in components, partially lack of support of pharmacokinetic experiments, and are not favorable for large-scale popularization and application in communities.
The intestinal flora is closely related to the health of human body, and the imbalance of the intestinal flora not only can induce intestinal inflammation and influence the immunity of the organism, but also can participate in the morbidity process of other diseases such as obesity and diabetes. At present, the regulation of the intestinal flora is mainly focused on increasing the intake of probiotics. However, probiotics have problems of low survival rate, short shelf life, intolerance to gastric juice, difficulty in colonization, etc. The prebiotics can be used as a dietary supplement for regulating the intestinal flora, and can relieve the problem of the imbalance of the intestinal flora to a certain extent. At present, prebiotic products on the market are mainly functional oligosaccharide products, and other types of prebiotic products are lacking. The compound preparation health-preserving dietary therapy medicated diet contains natural, healthy and nutritional characteristics of traditional Chinese medicines, and the active ingredients of the traditional Chinese medicine preparation are more easily absorbed by supplementing various dietary fibers and prebiotics. Oat, cinnamon and poria are typical food and drug homologous resources, have the effects of tonifying deficiency and developing intelligence, boosting essence and improving eyesight, nourishing blood and soothing nerves and the like, and researches find that polysaccharide is a main functional factor of the oat, cinnamon and poria, and the effects of improving intestinal functions, regulating immunity and the like of oat, cinnamon and poria are related to the regulation of intestinal flora by polysaccharide.
The research and development of health-care dietary therapy medicated diet is a major breakthrough in the diet intervention market, and has good application prospect. The oat, the cinnamon and the tuckahoe have the characteristics of high sugar and high viscosity, and are difficult to directly prepare powder; therefore, the application provides the diabetic hypoglycemic nutritional meal which is homologous in medicine and food and is easy to prepare into powder, and the preparation method thereof.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the hypoglycemic nutrition meal containing the oat, the cinnamon and the poria cocos is researched and developed by adding auxiliary materials such as soybean protein powder, resistant dextrin and whey protein and adopting frozen superfine grinding, other nutrition ingredients are adopted for designing and assisting in mixing, and the fluidity, the stability, the sensory evaluation and the like are taken as investigation indexes, the effect of regulating intestinal flora is evaluated, the hypoglycemic nutrition meal with the effect of regulating the intestinal flora is provided for consumers, and the hypoglycemic nutrition meal with the effect of regulating the intestinal flora can be applied to type 2 diabetes patients and has higher value.
The technical scheme adopted by the application for solving the technical problem is as follows:
a medicine-food homologous glucose-lowering nutritional meal for diabetes comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 52-58% of main package powder, 4-6% of auxiliary package powder and the balance of auxiliary materials;
the main meal powder comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 24-72 parts of oat, 36-108 parts of cinnamon, 12-36 parts of poria cocos, 15-45 parts of ginseng, 15-45 parts of Chinese yam, 15-45 parts of polygonatum odoratum and 10-20 parts of kudzu root;
the auxiliary meal powder comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10-20 parts of sesame, 10-20 parts of blackcurrant, 10-20 parts of xylitol, 10-20 parts of peanut and 10-20 parts of red date;
the auxiliary materials are any one or more of rice puffed powder, resistant dextrin, maltodextrin, whey protein and soybean protein isolate.
Further, the medicine and food homologous glucose-lowering nutritional meal for diabetes comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 55% of main package powder, 5% of auxiliary package powder and the balance of auxiliary materials; the weight ratio of the oat, the cinnamon and the poria cocos in the main set meal powder is 2;
the auxiliary material is whey protein.
Further, the preparation method of the main meal powder comprises the following steps:
respectively crushing oat, cinnamon, poria cocos, ginseng, chinese yam, polygonatum odoratum and radix puerariae, respectively sieving the raw materials with a 5-mesh sieve and a 24-mesh sieve, respectively sieving the powder with a particle size of 24 meshes to 5 meshes, weighing the raw materials according to the weight parts of the raw materials, uniformly mixing, and then drying and sterilizing at 50-70 ℃ for 2-3 hours to obtain main package powder.
Further, the preparation method of the auxiliary set meal powder comprises the following steps:
removing impurities from sesame, blackcurrant, xylitol, peanuts and red dates, respectively crushing the raw materials, respectively sieving the raw materials with a 5-mesh sieve and a 24-mesh sieve, respectively selecting powder with the granularity of 24-5 meshes, weighing the raw materials according to the weight parts of the raw materials, uniformly mixing, and then drying and sterilizing at 50-70 ℃ for 2-3 hours to obtain the auxiliary set meal powder.
Further, the auxiliary materials comprise the following raw materials in parts by weight:
1-4 parts of rice puffed powder, 2-8 parts of resistant dextrin, 3-12 parts of maltodextrin, 4-16 parts of whey protein and 5-25 parts of soybean protein isolate.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the diabetes blood sugar-reducing nutritious food with homology of medicine and food, which comprises the following steps:
s1, preparation of main set meal powder
Respectively crushing oat, cinnamon, poria cocos, ginseng, chinese yam, polygonatum odoratum and radix puerariae, respectively sieving the raw materials with a 5-mesh sieve and a 24-mesh sieve, respectively sieving the powder with a sieve of 24 meshes to 5 meshes, weighing the powder according to the weight parts of the raw materials, uniformly mixing, and then drying and sterilizing the powder at 50-70 ℃ for 2-3 hours to obtain main set meal powder;
s2. Preparation of vice meal powder
Removing impurities from sesame, blackcurrant, xylitol, peanuts and red dates, respectively crushing the raw materials, respectively sieving the crushed raw materials with a 5-mesh sieve and a 24-mesh sieve, respectively selecting powder with the granularity of 24-5 meshes, weighing the raw materials according to the weight parts of the raw materials, uniformly mixing, and then drying and sterilizing at 50-70 ℃ for 2-3 hours to obtain auxiliary package powder;
s3, preparation of hypoglycemic nutritious food
Drying adjuvants at 50-70 deg.C, and sterilizing for 2-3 hr; preparing main package powder, auxiliary package powder and auxiliary materials according to the weight percentage; and fully mixing the main set meal powder, the auxiliary set meal powder and the auxiliary materials, and freezing and micronizing to obtain the hypoglycemic nutritious meal.
Further, freezing and superfine grinding are carried out, wherein the freezing temperature is-5 to 0 ℃, and the superfine grinding is required to be 100 to 200 meshes of sieve.
In the present application, the respective raw materials added, the effects and the actions are as follows:
cinnamon: pungent and sweet taste, large heat, tonifying fire and supporting yang, guiding fire back to the origin, dispelling cold and relieving pain, and activating blood and stimulating the menstrual flow; is dried bark of Cinnamomum cassia Cassia Presl of Lauraceae. Modern pharmacological research shows that cinnamon has the function of promoting gastrointestinal functions. The traditional Chinese medicine holds that the cinnamon can tonify fire, strengthen yang, warm the middle-jiao, the spleen and the stomach and warm and dredge blood vessels.
Oats (academic name: avena sativa l.) are annual herbaceous plants of the genus Avena, poaceae. The oat has sweet and mild taste, can benefit spleen, nourish heart, arrest sweating, is rich in dietary fiber, can promote gastrointestinal peristalsis, is beneficial to defecation, has low calorie and glycemic index, can reduce fat and sugar, and has higher nutritional value. Herba Avenae Fatuae can be used for treating spontaneous perspiration, night sweat or pulmonary tuberculosis.
Tuckahoe, poria cocos: dried sclerotium of Wolf of Poria cos (Schw.) of Polyporaceae. Poria has sweet taste, and is effective in relieving adverse qi in chest and hypochondrium, relieving anxiety 24666, eliminating convulsion, palpitation, pain in heart, dysphoria with smothery sensation, cough, dry mouth and tongue, and promoting urination. The product has effects of tranquilizing mind, resisting hunger, and prolonging life.
Ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) is a perennial herb of Panax of Araliaceae. In modern pharmacological research, ginseng has the effects of resisting shock, improving stress response, improving brain, resisting fatigue, regulating cholesterol metabolism, enhancing immunity of organisms and the like, and has the effects of resisting inflammation, resisting allergy, resisting tumors and the like.
Chinese yam: the rhizoma Dioscoreae is tuber of Dioscorea opposita Thunb of Dioscoreaceae. Yam is sweet in flavor and neutral in nature. The medicine has the effects of invigorating spleen, benefiting lung, tonifying kidney, arresting seminal emission, nourishing yin and promoting the production of body fluid; the main treatment is as follows: diarrhea due to spleen deficiency, anorexia, listlessness, asthenia, emaciation, cough with asthma due to lung deficiency, short breath, spontaneous perspiration, nocturnal emission due to kidney deficiency, frequent micturition, soreness of waist and knees, vertigo, tinnitus, leukorrhagia, and diabetes.
Rhizoma Polygonati is rhizome of Polygonatum sibiricum Red, polygonatum kingianum P.kingianum of Liliaceae. Huang Jing is sweet in flavor and neutral in nature. Spleen, lung and kidney meridians entered; has effects of moistening lung, nourishing yin, invigorating spleen, invigorating qi, replenishing kidney essence; the main indications are as follows: cough due to yin deficiency, dry cough due to lung dryness; poor appetite, lassitude, dry mouth and thirst; soreness and weakness of the waist and knees due to kidney deficiency.
Rhizoma Polygonati Odorati is the rhizome of Polygonum odoratum Druce of Liliaceae. Yu Zhu is sweet in flavor and neutral in nature; it enters lung and stomach meridians. Has effects in moistening lung, nourishing yin, nourishing stomach, and promoting salivation; the main indications are as follows: cough due to dryness-heat, chronic cough due to asthenia; the main chemical components of Yuzhu comprise lingzhiside (convallacitrin, etc.), flavone and its glycoside (quercetin glycoside, etc.), trace elements, amino acids and other nitrogen-containing compounds, as well as mucoid and chelidonic acid.
Radix Puerariae is dried root of Pueraria lobata Ohwi of Leguminosae; the root of kudzu vine is sweet, pungent and cool; has the effects of relieving muscles and fever, promoting eruption, promoting the production of body fluid to quench thirst, invigorating yang and relieving diarrhea; it is commonly indicated for exterior syndrome with fever, stiffness and pain of neck and back, measles without adequate eruption, thirst due to fever, diabetes due to yin deficiency, dysentery due to heat-purging and diarrhea due to spleen deficiency.
The beneficial effect of this application is:
1. the oat-cinnamon-poria cocos nutritional food is high in medicinal value, convenient to use, pure natural, free of toxic and side effects, and capable of replacing conventional staple foods (white steamed bread, rice and the like) in diet every day to have the effects of reducing blood sugar and blood fat. Compared with placebo, the medicinal and edible compound preparation can remarkably reduce the waist circumference, triglyceride and postprandial blood sugar of type 2 diabetes patients, and is beneficial to controlling the postprandial blood sugar. Can maintain normal balance of blood sugar and blood lipid after long-term use, and is suitable for middle-aged and elderly people.
3. The Chinese medicinal composition has scientific formula and strict compatibility, can coordinate spleen, liver and kidney, can eliminate phlegm, stasis and dampness, and can achieve a good blood sugar reducing effect. The main set meal powder is a traditional Chinese medicine compound prescription, has the effects of invigorating stomach, promoting digestion, eliminating phlegm and removing blood stasis, has definite effect of reducing blood sugar, is combined with the auxiliary set meal powder, is rich in edible nutrition, has better flavor and mouthfeel, does not have toxic or side effect, and has strong practicability. The 8 medicines of the medicine-food homologous product formula are monarch medicines, namely oat, which has the effects of tonifying spleen and lung, tonifying kidney and arresting spontaneous emission, nourishing yin and promoting the production of body fluid; cinnamon and rhizoma polygonati have the effects of moistening lung and nourishing yin, strengthening spleen and supplementing qi, and nourishing kidney and replenishing essence, play the role of assisting monarch drugs and are ministerial drugs; poria cocos and ginseng moisten the lung and nourish yin, nourish stomach and promote the production of body fluid, and Chinese yam and polygonatum odoratum nourish the kidney and replenish vital essence, nourish liver to improve vision, moisten the lung and promote the production of body fluid, and exert the assisting and assisting functions together, and are adjuvant drugs; kudzuvine root, radix Puerariae, as a guiding drug, dissipates heat and clears fire to treat the symptoms. The whole formula mainly treats the root cause by replenishing qi to invigorate the spleen, nourishing yin to moisten the lung, nourishing the liver and kidney, replenishing essence and promoting the production of body fluid for the first four people, and assists the treatment of the root cause by eliminating pathogenic factors for the last four people. The food has the functions of reducing blood sugar (regulating carbohydrate metabolism), reducing blood fat, resisting oxidation, resisting aging, improving and regulating digestion, immunity and the like, and has other pharmacodynamic effects of reducing blood pressure, resisting atherosclerosis, resisting myocardial ischemia, protecting liver, promoting hematopoiesis and the like, and the actual taste is palatable, thereby realizing scientific and reasonable composition and becoming the basic scientific basis of the medicated food nutrition meal for promoting intestinal tract power and fully playing the role of conditioning intestines and stomach of grains.
3. The hypoglycemic nutritious food prepared by the application has the advantages of good dissolubility, strong stability, better sense and balanced nutrition. The hypoglycemic nutritious food can obviously promote the proliferation of probiotics such as lactobacillus, bifidobacterium, bacteroides, akkermansia and the like, has the function of adjusting intestinal flora to achieve the purpose of preventing and treating diabetes, and is beneficial to the community popularization of mass prevention and mass control.
Drawings
The present application is further described below with reference to the drawings and examples.
FIG. 1 is a graph comparing the plasma glucose indicator HbA1c, body Mass Indicator (BMI), and total cholesterol in blood lipids (TC) of two groups of patients according to example 5 of the present application;
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the results of comparing the body weights of normal mice and T1DM model mice after feeding a hypoglycemic diet;
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the results of comparison of blood glucose concentrations between normal mice and T1DM model mice before and after intervention with a diet for lowering blood glucose;
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the results of comparison of arrangement and morphology of cardiomyocytes in normal mice and T1DM model mice before and after intervention of a diet for lowering blood sugar;
FIG. 5 is a heat map of the structural characteristics of the intestinal flora of normal mice and T1DM model mice before and after intervention with a diet for lowering blood sugar;
FIG. 6 is a graph of the results of analysis of differences in abundance of dominant strains of intestinal flora in normal mice and T1DM model mice after 8 weeks of intervention with a diet for lowering blood sugar;
wherein: NC is a normal control mouse; normal diet is common feed; t1DM is a diabetes molding mouse; the nutrient powder is a hypoglycemic nutritious meal.
Detailed Description
The present application is further illustrated below with reference to examples to facilitate understanding of those skilled in the art, and the present application is not limited to the embodiments mentioned below.
Example 1
Orthogonal test:
crushing the raw materials of the main set meal powder respectively, sieving the crushed raw materials with a 5-mesh sieve and a 24-mesh sieve respectively, selecting powder with the granularity of 24 meshes to 5 meshes, preparing the raw materials according to the weight parts of the raw materials of the main set meal powder, and fully mixing the raw materials; drying and sterilizing at 70 ℃ for 3 hours to obtain main meal powder;
respectively crushing the raw materials of the auxiliary package powder, respectively sieving the crushed raw materials with a 5-mesh sieve and a 24-mesh sieve, selecting powder with the granularity of 24 meshes to 5 meshes, preparing the raw materials according to the weight parts of the raw materials of the auxiliary package powder, and fully mixing the raw materials; drying and sterilizing at 70 ℃ for 3 hours to obtain auxiliary package powder; fully mixing the main package powder and the auxiliary package powder to obtain a mixture;
the mixture and the auxiliary materials are proportioned according to a certain proportion, frozen and superfine crushed after being mixed evenly, and the orthogonal test is adopted to optimize the powder preparation process. Experiments were conducted using experimental groups designed using an L25 (56) orthogonal table with the sieving rate and moisture absorption rate as examination indexes (see table 1 for detailed indexes). And (3) detecting the sieving rate and the moisture absorption rate of the hypoglycemic nutritious food powder, calculating the comprehensive score according to the formulas (1) and (2), and optimizing the hypoglycemic nutritious food preparation process by taking the comprehensive score as an investigation index.
Composite score = sieving membership × 0.5+ dilution ratio × 0.5 (2)
The result shows that the most influence on the hypoglycemic nutritious food is the types of the auxiliary materials, the mass ratio of the auxiliary materials to the mixture and the particle size of the frozen superfine powder. The scheme with the best effect of the blood sugar reducing nutritional meal powder is A3B3C3, namely the auxiliary material is whey protein, the mass ratio of the auxiliary material to the mixed material is 1.5, the particle size of the powder is 150 meshes, and the sieving rate of the blood sugar reducing nutritional meal powder is 91.24% and the moisture absorption rate is 5.01% in the best scheme.
TABLE 1 levels of orthogonal test factors
And (3) determination of sieving rate and moisture absorption rate characteristics:
the sieving rate can represent the particle size of powder particles and indirectly reflects the caking property of the powder material; the smaller the sieving rate is, the larger the particle size of the powder particles is, and the more serious the caking degree of the powder material is. Accurately weighing 10g of sample under the conditions of the relative humidity of the environment of 40 percent and the temperature of 25 ℃, passing through a standard sieve of 90 meshes, and weighing the weight of the undersize materials
The moisture absorption rate reflects the degree of agglomeration of the powder product during storage due to moisture absorption from the environment. The smaller the moisture absorption rate is, the less the product is liable to absorb water, and the more stable the product quality is. 2g of the sample was accurately weighed out using a constant weight weighing dish, and placed in a desiccator containing a saturated solution of NaCl (relative humidity = 57.28%) with the lid opened, and left at 25 ℃ for 24 hours.
A certain amount of sample is poured into a pre-weighed 25mL measuring cylinder, the volume number V1 (mL) of the powder at the moment is recorded when the sample is added to 25mL, the measuring cylinder is placed on a vortex vibrator to vibrate for 2min so as to eliminate gaps among particles, and the volume number V2 (mL) of the powder at the moment is recorded. Powder flowability and cohesiveness expressed by Carr's Index (Carr Index, CI) and Hausner Ratio (Hausner Ratio, HR) (see Table 2), wherein the flowability and cohesiveness Index of the hypoglycemic nutrition meal powder with different proportions is calculated according to CI and HR, and the calculation formula is as follows:
TABLE 2 powder flowability and cohesiveness based on CI and HR index powders
The CI index of the hypoglycemic nutritious food of 20 formulas is 27.52-39.26%, the average value is 31.26%, which shows that the fluidity of the hypoglycemic nutritious food powder is general; the HR ratio is 0.61-0.72%, and the average value is 0.69%, which indicates that the cohesiveness of the hypoglycemic nutritional meal powder is low; the WAI is 1.72-3.57 g/g, the average value is 2.45g/g, which shows that the blood sugar-reducing nutritional meal powder can absorb water with twice weight of the powder per se; the WSI is 56.28-78.66%, and the average value is 68.92%, which indicates that at least more than half of the nutrient substances in the blood sugar-reducing nutritional meal powder are soluble in water; the viscosity is 10-48 RVU, the average value is 25.25RVU, which shows that the viscosity difference of the hypoglycemic nutrition meal powder with different proportions is larger; the K value range is 0.72-0.96, the average value is 0.88, which indicates that the glucose-lowering nutritional meal powder is still stable after being brewed for 120 min; the dispersion stability time range is 34.10-59.10 min, the average value is 47.12min, which shows that the deposition can not occur after the glucose-lowering nutritional meal powder is reconstituted for half an hour; the sensory evaluation score ranged from 66 to 95, with an average value of 78.33. Analyzing the comprehensive scores by using a Quadratic regression equation method to obtain the optimal formula for designing the hypoglycemic nutritious food, wherein the optimal formula is as follows: the main set meal powder (the mass ratio of the oat, the cinnamon and the poria is that the oat: the cinnamon: the poria =2: 3); the ratio is selected for verification tests, three times of parallel tests are carried out to obtain the hypoglycemic nutrition meal powder, the water solubility index, the water absorption index, the viscosity, the stability, the dispersion stability time and the sensory score of the hypoglycemic nutrition meal powder are 77.74%, 1.88g/g, 16RVU, 0.97, 68.50min and 98.00 respectively, the comprehensive score (90.52) is closer to the theoretical value (88.62), the repeatability is good, and the data conclusion obtained by the model is accurate and reliable.
Detecting the components of the blood sugar-reducing nutritional meal powder:
and (3) determination of moisture content: reference is made to GB5009.3-2016, oven drying at 105 ℃.
Determination of crude protein content: reference is made to GB5009.5-2016, kjeldahl method.
Determination of crude fat content: reference is made to GB5009.6-2016, soxhlet extraction.
And (3) determination of ash content: reference is made to GB5009.4-2016, burn method.
Determination of carbohydrate content: carbohydrate content/% =1- (moisture content + crude protein content + crude fat content + ash content)
Polysaccharide content: reference is made to SN-T4260-2015, phenol-sulfuric acid method.
Total calorie refers to food nutrition label management standard issued by Ministry of health
Example 2
A preparation method of a medicine-food homologous glucose-lowering nutritional meal for diabetes comprises the following steps:
s1, preparation of main set meal powder
Respectively crushing raw materials of oat, cinnamon, poria cocos, ginseng, chinese yam, polygonatum odoratum and radix puerariae, respectively sieving the raw materials with a 5-mesh sieve and a 24-mesh sieve, respectively sieving the raw materials with a sieve of 24 meshes to 5 meshes, and weighing the raw materials according to the weight parts of the raw materials, namely 24 parts of oat, 36 parts of cinnamon, 12 parts of poria cocos, 15 parts of ginseng, 15 parts of Chinese yam, 15 parts of polygonatum odoratum and 10 parts of radix puerariae; uniformly mixing all the raw materials, and then drying and sterilizing at 50 ℃ for 2 hours to obtain main meal powder;
s2, preparation of auxiliary meal powder
Removing impurities from sesame, blackcurrant, xylitol, peanuts and red dates, respectively crushing the raw materials, respectively sieving the crushed raw materials with a 5-mesh sieve and a 24-mesh sieve, respectively selecting powder with the granularity of 24 meshes to 5 meshes, and weighing and taking the raw materials according to the weight parts of the raw materials, namely 10 parts of sesame, 10 parts of blackcurrant, 10 parts of xylitol, 10 parts of peanuts and 10 parts of red dates; uniformly mixing the raw materials, and then drying and sterilizing at 50 ℃ for 2h to obtain auxiliary package powder;
s3, preparation of hypoglycemic nutritious food
Drying adjuvant (whey protein) at 50 deg.C, and sterilizing for 2 hr; preparing materials according to the weight percentage of the blood sugar reducing nutritional meal (55 percent of package powder, 5 percent of auxiliary package powder and 40 percent of auxiliary materials), namely, for example, 55g of package powder, 5g of auxiliary package powder and 40g of auxiliary materials in 100g of blood sugar reducing nutritional meal); fully mixing the main package powder, the auxiliary package powder and the auxiliary materials, freezing and micronizing at-5 ℃ to obtain the hypoglycemic nutritious food, wherein the micronization requirement is that the main package powder, the auxiliary package powder and the auxiliary materials are sieved by a 150-mesh sieve.
Example 3
A preparation method of a medicine-food homologous diabetes blood glucose-reducing nutritional meal comprises the following steps:
s1, preparation of main set meal powder
Respectively crushing oat, cinnamon, poria cocos, ginseng, chinese yam, polygonatum odoratum and radix puerariae, respectively sieving the raw materials with a 5-mesh sieve and a 24-mesh sieve, respectively sieving the powder with a particle size of 24 meshes to 5 meshes, and weighing and taking the raw materials according to the weight parts of the raw materials, namely 72 parts of oat, 108 parts of cinnamon, 12-36 parts of poria cocos, 45 parts of ginseng, 45 parts of Chinese yam, 45 parts of polygonatum odoratum and 20 parts of radix puerariae; uniformly mixing all the raw materials, and then drying and sterilizing at 70 ℃ for 3 hours to obtain main meal powder;
s2, preparation of auxiliary meal powder
Removing impurities from sesame, blackcurrant, xylitol, peanuts and red dates, respectively crushing the raw materials, respectively sieving the crushed raw materials with a 5-mesh sieve and a 24-mesh sieve, respectively selecting powder with the granularity of 24 meshes to 5 meshes, and weighing and taking the raw materials according to the weight parts of the raw materials, namely 20 parts of sesame, 20 parts of blackcurrant, 20 parts of xylitol, 20 parts of peanuts and 20 parts of red dates; uniformly mixing the raw materials, and then drying and sterilizing at 70 ℃ for 3h to obtain auxiliary package powder;
s3, preparation of hypoglycemic nutritious food
4 parts of rice puffed powder, 8 parts of resistant dextrin, 12 parts of maltodextrin, 16 parts of whey protein and 25 parts of soybean protein isolate are dried and sterilized at 70 ℃ for 2-3 hours according to the weight parts of auxiliary materials; preparing materials according to the weight percentage of the blood sugar-reducing nutritious food (58 percent of package powder, 6 percent of auxiliary package powder and 36 percent of auxiliary materials); and (3) fully mixing the main set meal powder, the auxiliary set meal powder and the auxiliary materials, freezing and micronizing at the freezing temperature of 0 ℃, wherein the micronizing requirement is that the main set meal powder, the auxiliary set meal powder and the auxiliary materials are sieved by a 200-mesh sieve, and thus the blood sugar reducing nutritional meal is obtained.
Example 4
A preparation method of a medicine-food homologous diabetes blood glucose-reducing nutritional meal comprises the following steps:
s1, preparation of main set meal powder
Respectively crushing raw materials of oat, cinnamon, poria cocos, ginseng, chinese yam, polygonatum odoratum and radix puerariae, respectively sieving the raw materials with a 5-mesh sieve and a 24-mesh sieve, respectively sieving the raw materials with a sieve of 24 meshes to 5 meshes, and weighing the raw materials according to the weight parts of the raw materials, namely 25 parts of oat, 40 parts of cinnamon, 15 parts of poria cocos, 17 parts of ginseng, 18 parts of Chinese yam, 16 parts of polygonatum odoratum and 13 parts of radix puerariae; uniformly mixing the raw materials, and then drying and sterilizing at 55 ℃ for 2.5 hours to obtain main package powder;
s2, preparation of auxiliary meal powder
Removing impurities from sesame, blackcurrant, xylitol, peanuts and red dates, respectively crushing the raw materials, respectively sieving the crushed raw materials with a 5-mesh sieve and a 24-mesh sieve, respectively selecting powder with the granularity of 24 meshes to 5 meshes, and weighing and taking the raw materials according to the weight parts of the raw materials, namely 11 parts of sesame, 12 parts of blackcurrant, 12 parts of xylitol, 11 parts of peanuts and 13 parts of red dates; uniformly mixing the raw materials, and then drying and sterilizing at 55 ℃ for 2.5 hours to obtain auxiliary package powder;
s3, preparation of hypoglycemic nutritious food
According to the parts by weight, 1 part of rice puffed powder, 2 parts of resistant dextrin, 3 parts of maltodextrin, 4 parts of whey protein and 5 parts of soybean protein isolate are dried and sterilized for 2 hours at 50 ℃; preparing materials according to the weight percentage of the blood sugar reducing nutritious meal (52 percent of package meal powder, 4 percent of auxiliary package meal powder and 46 percent of auxiliary materials); fully mixing the main set meal powder, the auxiliary set meal powder and the auxiliary materials, freezing and micronizing at-5 ℃, wherein the micronizing requirement is that the main set meal powder, the auxiliary set meal powder and the auxiliary materials are sieved by a 100-mesh sieve, and thus the blood sugar reducing nutritional meal is obtained.
Example 5
A preparation method of a medicine-food homologous glucose-lowering nutritional meal for diabetes comprises the following steps:
s1, preparation of main set meal powder
Respectively crushing oat, cinnamon, poria cocos, ginseng, chinese yam, polygonatum odoratum and radix puerariae, respectively sieving the raw materials with a 5-mesh sieve and a 24-mesh sieve, respectively sieving the powder with a particle size of 24 meshes to 5 meshes, weighing and taking the raw materials according to the weight parts of the raw materials, namely 30 parts of oat, 60 parts of cinnamon, 20 parts of poria cocos, 20 parts of ginseng, 30 parts of Chinese yam, 35 parts of polygonatum odoratum and 15 parts of radix puerariae; uniformly mixing the raw materials, and then drying and sterilizing at 65 ℃ for 2.5 hours to obtain main package powder;
s2. Preparation of vice meal powder
Removing impurities from sesame, blackcurrant, xylitol, peanuts and red dates, respectively crushing the raw materials, respectively sieving the crushed raw materials with a 5-mesh sieve and a 24-mesh sieve, respectively selecting powder with the granularity of 24 meshes to 5 meshes, and weighing and taking the raw materials according to the weight parts of the raw materials, namely 15 parts of sesame, 15 parts of blackcurrant, 15 parts of xylitol, 15 parts of peanuts and 15 parts of red dates; uniformly mixing the raw materials, and then drying and sterilizing at 55 ℃ for 2.5 hours to obtain auxiliary package powder;
s3, preparation of hypoglycemic nutritious food
According to the parts by weight, 2 parts of rice puffed powder, 5 parts of resistant dextrin, 8 parts of maltodextrin, 15 parts of whey protein and 20 parts of soybean protein isolate are dried and sterilized at 65 ℃ for 2.5 hours; preparing materials according to the weight percentage of the blood sugar-reducing nutritious food (54 percent of package powder, 5 percent of auxiliary package powder and 41 percent of auxiliary materials); fully mixing the main package powder, the auxiliary package powder and the auxiliary materials, freezing and micronizing at 0 ℃ until the superfine powder is sieved by a 100-mesh sieve to obtain the hypoglycemic nutritional meal.
Example 6
The method comprises the following steps: 100 middle-aged and elderly type 2 diabetes patients are selected and divided into 2 groups according to a random digital table method, two bags (50 g each) of any one of the food-food homologous blood sugar reducing nutritional meals of the embodiment 2-the embodiment 5 are processed for each meal of the group to replace 100g of conventional staple food in daily diet, 100g of white steamed bread is taken for each meal of the control group, all subjects are subjected to baseline survey, and regular follow-up detection of waist circumference, hip circumference, blood pressure and fasting blood sugar indexes is carried out on the two groups of subjects in the community health center.
In the baseline period, the treatment group and the control group have no statistical difference on human body measurement indexes, and the baseline level is equivalent. After 12 weeks of prognosis, the food-and-drug hypoglycemic nutritious food treatment group has reduced total cholesterol TC, BMI and glycosylated hemoglobin HbA1c, and has statistical difference (p is less than 0.05), as shown in figure 1.
Example 7
Clinical research
Clinical research on intervention of medicine-food homologous hypoglycemic nutritious food
The method comprises the following steps: 80 DPN patients admitted by Shenzhen hospital in Chinese medical science institute in 10 and 2019 in 2017 and 3 are selected as research objects and divided into a treatment group (39 cases) and a control group (41 cases) according to a random digital table method. The two groups are both given the same basic treatment, the insulin scheme is used for controlling the blood sugar to reach the standard, and the treatment group adopts the medicinal and edible hypoglycemic nutritional meal prepared in any one of the embodiments 2 to 5 to replace the daily refined rice and flour diet on the basis of the basic treatment. The clinical efficacy, symptom sign improvement and electromyography of the two groups of patients were compared. The result shows that the treatment effective rate of the treatment group is obviously higher than that of the control group (P < 0.05), the score of each symptom sign after the treatment of the treatment group is lower than that of the control group (P < 0.05), and the improvement of the nerve conduction velocity of the treatment group is better than that of the control group (P < 0.05). The conclusion is that the clinical curative effect of the DPN is remarkable by adopting the hypoglycemic nutrition meal with homology of medicine and food.
Example 8
Animal experiments
The study adopted 60 male C57 mice, purchased from the Guangdong provincial animal center for medical experiments, and having a certification number: no.44007200062167, license number: SCXK (yue) 2018-0002), SPF clean grade, 14-16g/28-35 days, in standard animal housing in Guangdong province medical laboratory animal center, with a light-dark cycle of 12h (8-00 light; 20-07, ambient temperature 18-25 ℃, relative humidity 30-70%, general feed (Guangdong province medical experimental animal center, production license number: guangdong-feed (2019) 05073, standard of execution: GB 14924.3-2010). All experimental procedures for these animals were approved and approved by the ethical committee for experimental animals.
(1) Normal mouse control group (group a, n = 8);
(2) Normal mouse experimental group (group B, n = 8);
(3) T1DM mouse control group (group C, n = 8);
(4) T1DM mouse experimental group (group D, n = 8). Wherein, the experimental group (group B + group D) has the hypoglycemic nutrition meal powder (any one from the embodiment 2 to the embodiment 5) of 20 mg/kg/day. The control groups (groups a and C) were gavaged with 0.5% CMC for 8 weeks. In the experimental period, the blood lipid indexes of four groups of mice show a relatively obvious fluctuation trend. As can be seen from FIGS. 2-4, immediately after gavage, fasting blood glucose levels of the normal control group and the cinnamaldehyde control group mice were 9.5 mmol/L and 10.3mmol/L, respectively, and then blood glucose levels of the two groups of mice were maintained at 8.72mmol/L, and there was no significant difference between the two groups (p > 0.05). The fasting blood glucose of the T1DM model group mouse is up to 24.45mmol/L all the time, which is obviously higher than that of a normal control group; however, after the medicine and food homologous blood sugar reducing nutritional meal powder (40 mg/kg/d) is dried, the blood sugar level is obviously reduced, the change is most obvious within 30 days of intervention, the blood sugar level is reduced to 10.6mmol/L by the 30 th day, and then the blood sugar level is kept at about 8.2mmol/L all the time. The blood glucose levels of the model group after 30 days of drug intervention were not significantly different (p < 0.05) compared to the normal control group.
As shown in figures 5-6, the characteristics of intestinal flora structures of normal mice and T1DM mice after the intervention of the hypoglycemic nutrition meal powder with homology of medicine and food for 8 weeks are compared on the strain (species) level. The results showed that Anaerotruncus sp G3 2012, lachnospiraceae bacterium 8 57FAA, desulfovibrio desulfuricans, mucispirillum schaederi, bacteroides faecalis steroris, alisteles purpuriae, clostridium macerans Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, eubacterium rectale, prevotella coprpri, lachnospiraceae bacterium 3 46FAA enriched the intestinal abundance of normal mice. While the abundance of Bacteroides xylanisolvens and Lactobacillus animalis is enriched in the intestinal tract of T1DM mice. Further, statistical analysis is carried out by adopting one-factor analysis of variance, and the results show that the abundance distribution characteristics of 25 genera have obvious difference, wherein the intake of the hypoglycemic nutrition meal powder containing oat, cinnamon and tuckahoe remarkably improves the content of Lactobacillus johnsonii in the intestinal tracts of mice in groups B and D. Johnsonii showed relative abundances of 10.3% and 3.75% in vehicle-fed healthy mice and T1DM, respectively, and rose to 43.56% and 38.88% after the intervention of cinnamon extract, respectively, with a 4.2-fold and 10.4-fold increase ratio, respectively (fig. 6). Furthermore, the abundance of Parasterella extracementerihominis, dorea sp 52, burkholderia bacterium 1147 and Mucilspirillum schaederi was also significantly increased in normal mice, while Enterococcus faecalis, lactobacillus reuteri and Enterobacter caecimii were significantly increased in the intestinal tract of T1DM mice. Notably, another dominant Lactobacillus species, lactobacillus murinus, exhibited a downward trend in mice that had been intervened by cinnamon extract and was significantly different in T1D mice (p < 0.05) (fig. 6).
In conclusion, the intake of the blood sugar reducing nutritional meal powder containing oat-cinnamon-poria has an influence on the intestinal flora structures of normal mice and T1DM mice respectively, the enrichment of different genera is regulated and controlled respectively, the proliferation of probiotics such as intestinal lactobacillus, bifidobacterium, bacteroides and akkermansia can be remarkably promoted, the content of metabolites such as acetic acid, butyric acid and total short-chain fatty acid is promoted to be increased, and the function of remarkably regulating the intestinal flora is achieved.
The above embodiments are preferred implementations of the present application, and the present application can be implemented in other ways without departing from the spirit and scope of the present application.
Claims (7)
1. The medicinal and edible diabetic blood glucose-reducing nutritional meal is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by weight: 52-58% of main package powder, 4-6% of auxiliary package powder and the balance of auxiliary materials;
the main meal powder comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 24-72 parts of oat, 36-108 parts of cinnamon, 12-36 parts of poria cocos, 15-45 parts of ginseng, 15-45 parts of Chinese yam, 15-45 parts of polygonatum odoratum and 10-20 parts of kudzu root;
the auxiliary meal powder comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10-20 parts of sesame, 10-20 parts of blackcurrant, 10-20 parts of xylitol, 10-20 parts of peanut and 10-20 parts of red date;
the auxiliary materials are any one or more of rice puffed powder, resistant dextrin, maltodextrin, whey protein and soybean protein isolate.
2. The medicinal and edible diabetic blood sugar lowering nutritional meal according to claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by weight: 55% of main package powder, 5% of auxiliary package powder and the balance of auxiliary materials; the weight ratio of the oat, the cinnamon and the poria cocos in the main set meal powder is 2;
the auxiliary material is whey protein.
3. The medicine-food homologous glucose-lowering nutritional meal for diabetes mellitus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the preparation method of the main meal powder comprises the following steps:
respectively crushing oat, cinnamon, poria cocos, ginseng, chinese yam, polygonatum odoratum and radix puerariae, respectively sieving the raw materials with a 5-mesh sieve and a 24-mesh sieve, respectively sieving the powder with a particle size of 24 meshes to 5 meshes, weighing the raw materials according to the weight parts of the raw materials, uniformly mixing, and then drying and sterilizing at 50-70 ℃ for 2-3 hours to obtain main package powder.
4. The medicine-food homologous glucose-lowering nutritional meal for diabetes mellitus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the preparation method of the powder of the side set meal comprises the following steps:
removing impurities from sesame, blackcurrant, xylitol, peanuts and red dates, respectively crushing the raw materials, respectively sieving the raw materials with a 5-mesh sieve and a 24-mesh sieve, respectively selecting powder with the granularity of 24-5 meshes, weighing the raw materials according to the weight parts of the raw materials, uniformly mixing, and then drying and sterilizing at 50-70 ℃ for 2-3 hours to obtain the auxiliary set meal powder.
5. The diabetes blood sugar-reducing nutritional meal as claimed in claim 1, wherein the auxiliary materials comprise the following raw materials in parts by weight:
1-4 parts of rice puffed powder, 2-8 parts of resistant dextrin, 3-12 parts of maltodextrin, 4-16 parts of whey protein and 5-25 parts of soybean protein isolate.
6. The preparation method of the medicinal and edible diabetic blood-glucose-reducing nutritional meal according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, preparation of main set meal powder
Respectively crushing oat, cinnamon, poria cocos, ginseng, chinese yam, polygonatum odoratum and radix puerariae, respectively sieving the raw materials with a 5-mesh sieve and a 24-mesh sieve, respectively sieving the powder with a particle size of 24 meshes to 5 meshes, weighing the raw materials according to the weight parts of the raw materials, uniformly mixing, and then drying and sterilizing at 50-70 ℃ for 2-3 hours to obtain main package powder;
s2, preparation of auxiliary meal powder
Removing impurities from sesame, blackcurrant, xylitol, peanuts and red dates, respectively crushing the raw materials, respectively sieving the crushed raw materials with a 5-mesh sieve and a 24-mesh sieve, respectively selecting powder with the granularity of 24-5 meshes, weighing the raw materials according to the weight parts of the raw materials, uniformly mixing, and then drying and sterilizing at 50-70 ℃ for 2-3 hours to obtain auxiliary package powder;
s3, preparation of hypoglycemic nutritious food
Drying adjuvants at 50-70 deg.C, and sterilizing for 2-3 hr; preparing main package powder, auxiliary package powder and auxiliary materials according to the weight percentage; and fully mixing the main set meal powder, the auxiliary set meal powder and the auxiliary materials, and freezing and micronizing to obtain the hypoglycemic nutritious meal.
7. The preparation method of the medicinal and edible diabetic blood glucose reduction nutritional meal as claimed in claim 6, wherein in step S3, the freezing temperature is-5 to 0 ℃, and the superfine grinding is required to pass through a 100-200 mesh sieve.
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| CN116114876A (en) * | 2023-02-28 | 2023-05-16 | 东莞市东南部中心医院 | Hypoglycemic composition containing sugarcane polyphenol and chlamydomonas reinhardtii and preparation method thereof |
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| CN105918867A (en) * | 2016-05-10 | 2016-09-07 | 江苏海奥生物科技有限公司 | Germinated brown rice nutritious food with effects of reducing blood glucose and blood fat and preparation method thereof |
| CN105995993A (en) * | 2016-05-26 | 2016-10-12 | 阮佟娜 | Food composition applicable to diabetic and preparation method thereof |
| CN107897905A (en) * | 2017-12-06 | 2018-04-13 | 刘文广 | A kind of hypoglycemic nutrition powder and its preparation method and application |
| CN110326780A (en) * | 2019-07-18 | 2019-10-15 | 成都三勒浆药业集团四川华美制药有限公司 | A kind of nutritional meal replacement and preparation method thereof with function of blood sugar reduction |
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| CN105918867A (en) * | 2016-05-10 | 2016-09-07 | 江苏海奥生物科技有限公司 | Germinated brown rice nutritious food with effects of reducing blood glucose and blood fat and preparation method thereof |
| CN105995993A (en) * | 2016-05-26 | 2016-10-12 | 阮佟娜 | Food composition applicable to diabetic and preparation method thereof |
| CN107897905A (en) * | 2017-12-06 | 2018-04-13 | 刘文广 | A kind of hypoglycemic nutrition powder and its preparation method and application |
| CN110326780A (en) * | 2019-07-18 | 2019-10-15 | 成都三勒浆药业集团四川华美制药有限公司 | A kind of nutritional meal replacement and preparation method thereof with function of blood sugar reduction |
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| CN116114876A (en) * | 2023-02-28 | 2023-05-16 | 东莞市东南部中心医院 | Hypoglycemic composition containing sugarcane polyphenol and chlamydomonas reinhardtii and preparation method thereof |
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