CN115469043A - 生姜根状茎、地上茎和叶片中游离氨基酸的液相色谱-串联质谱检测方法 - Google Patents
生姜根状茎、地上茎和叶片中游离氨基酸的液相色谱-串联质谱检测方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种生姜根状茎、地上茎和叶片中游离氨基酸的液相色谱‑串联质谱检测方法。所述检测方法包括如下步骤:S1、生姜组织经预处理后粉碎过筛得生姜粉末;S2、向生姜粉末中加入甲酸水溶液进行提取,离心后取上清液;S3、采用液相色谱‑串联质谱法检测上清液,即实现生姜中游离氨基酸的定性定量检测。本发明检测方法的开发是生姜中氨基酸参与生物学反应机制及代谢路径研究的重要前提和基础,为生姜的品种选育、品质评价和品质提升提供了可靠的技术手段。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种生姜根状茎、地上茎和叶片中游离氨基酸的液相色谱-串联质谱检测方法,属于检测技术领域。
背景技术
生姜中游离氨基酸的含量水平是决定生姜鲜味程度的化合物之一,在生姜生长发育进程中不仅参与姜辣素等品质成分的合成路径,本身还是组成蛋白质的小分子化合物。他们更容易被吸收利用,参与人体中多种生理反应活动,对人体的代谢起到关键性作用。
游离氨基酸一般是指没有形成肽链的氨基酸,天然提取的游离氨基酸一般为α-氨基酸。游离氨基酸的含量和组成直接对风味有重要影响,游离态氨基酸相比结合态氨基酸更易形成生姜中的呈味成分,且更易被人体吸收。游离氨基酸可以呈现多种味道,例如高浓度的赖氨酸、谷氨酸、天冬氨酸可以呈现鲜味,丙氨酸在一定浓度下呈现甜味等。
目前,生姜中氨基酸的检测方法主要包括液相色谱法(HPLC)和气相色谱法(GC)。由于氨基酸类化合物紫外吸收能力较弱,因此在检测的过程中需要通过衍生化来增强其紫外吸收峰,致使检测方法较为复杂、费时和费力,而超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法可以很好地进行定性定量检测。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种生姜组织中游离氨基酸的液相色谱-串联质谱检测方法,适用于对生姜中三个组织(根状茎、地上茎、叶片)中游离氨基酸的定量检测,为生姜的品种选育、品质评价和品质提升提供可靠的技术手段。
本发明所提供的生姜中游离氨基酸的液相色谱-串联质谱检测方法,包括如下步骤:
S1、生姜组织经预处理后粉碎过筛得生姜粉末;
S2、向所述生姜粉末中加入甲酸水溶液进行提取,离心后取上清液;
S3、采用液相色谱-串联质谱法检测所述上清液,即实现所述生姜中游离氨基酸的定性定量检测。
本发明检测方法中,所述生姜组织包括根状茎、地上茎和叶片。
所检测的游离氨基酸包括蛋氨酸、甘氨酸、缬氨酸、色氨酸、组氨酸、半胱氨酸、丝氨酸、亮氨酸、异亮氨酸、苯丙氨酸、苏氨酸、丙氨酸、脯氨酸、酪氨酸、天冬氨酸、天冬酰胺、精氨酸、赖氨酸、谷氨酰胺和谷氨酸等20种。
本发明检测方法中,骤S1中,所述预处理的步骤如下:
将所述生姜组织速冻后进行冷冻干燥;
所述冷冻干燥的温度为-60~-70℃;
所述生姜粉末的粒度为40~80目;
可采用研磨的方式粉碎;
可在超低温的条件下(如-80℃超低温冰箱)中保存待测。
样品在经快速冷冻后,在高真空低温环境下,样品中的冰快速升华为水蒸气,冰在升华过程中带走热量可是样品在整个干燥过程中保持低温冻结状态,有利于样品保持活性,经冷冻干燥的样品中热敏成分也可得到保留,样品中易挥发性成分损失很小,可最大程度保留生姜样品的品质成分;且干燥在真空条件下进行,可避免空气中的氧气等于样品中成分发生化学反应,可以最大限度保存生姜中氨基酸类化合物。
本发明检测方法中,步骤S2中,所述甲酸水溶液中,甲酸的体积含量为0.1%~0.2%,优选0.1%;
所述甲酸水溶液的用量为:40~100mL/g所述生姜粉末,优选40mL。
本发明检测方法中,步骤S2中,所述提取的方式为超声;
所述超声的时间为10~30min,温度为10~25℃,优选在室温下超声10min。
本发明检测方法中,步骤S2中,所述离心的条件如下:
时间为5~20min,转速为10000~14000rpm,优选在10000rpm的条件下离心5min。
在步骤S3之前,将所述上清液过0.22μm滤膜。
本发明检测方法中,步骤S3中,所述高效液相色谱-串联质谱法中液相色谱的检测条件如下:
色谱柱:C18柱;
柱温:40℃;
流动相:A相为0.1%甲酸水溶液,B相为0.1%甲酸乙腈溶液;
流速:0.3mL/min;
梯度洗脱:0~2min,98%A相,2%B相;2~14min,2%A相,98%B相;14~15min,2%A相,98%B相;15~15.1min,98%A相,2%B相;15.1~18min,98%A相,2%B相;
进样量:5μL。
所述液相色谱-串联质谱法中质谱的检测条件如下:
离子源类型:电喷雾离子源;
扫描方式:多反应监测;
喷雾电压:正离子模式4500V;
质谱离子源温度:550℃;
气帘气:35psi;
雾化气:55psi;
辅助加热气:55psi。
本发明检测方法进行定量检测时,可采用标准曲线法(外标法);
根据化合物的极性不同,采用甲醇:水(1:1,v/v)作为溶剂配置标准品储备溶液。首先在分析天平上准确称取准量的标准品(精确到0.01mg),将称好标准品转移至10mL的容量瓶中,利用甲醇:水(1:1,v/v)将标准品溶解并定容到容量瓶中,配制完成的标准品储备溶液,放置于-20℃冰箱中保存。在标准品储备溶液的基础上用0.1%甲酸水溶液稀释为1~2000μg/L的混合标准工作溶液,于-20℃冰箱保存备用;各标准溶液均现用现配。
本发明检测方法具有如下有益技术效果:
目前,HPLC和GC是氨基酸及其衍生物的主要检测方法。然而,HPLC选择性和分辨率相对降低,且氨基酸紫外吸收较弱,使20种氨基酸的同时检测较为困难。GC-FID和GC-MS通常需要衍生化,导致方法的前处理过程费时、费力。而液相色谱-串联质谱法(LC-MS/MS)多重反应检测MRM模式在定量方面灵敏度高、特异性好,应用较为广阔。因此,本发明检测方法的开发是生姜中氨基酸参与生物学反应机制及代谢路径研究的重要前提和基础,为生姜的品种选育、品质评价和品质提升提供了可靠的技术手段。
附图说明
图1为20种氨基酸的离子对色谱图。
具体实施方式
下述实施例中所使用的实验方法如无特殊说明,均为常规方法。
下述实施例中所用的材料、试剂等,如无特殊说明,均可从商业途径得到。下述实施例中仪器和试剂信息如表1和表2。
表1主要试验仪器
表2主要试验试剂
标准溶液的配制:根据化合物的极性不同,采用甲醇:水(1:1,v/v)作为溶剂配置标准品储备溶液。首先在分析天平上准确称取准量的标准品(精确到0.01mg),将称好标准品转移至10mL的容量瓶中,利用甲醇:水(1:1,v/v)将标准品溶解并定容到容量瓶中,配制完成的标准品储备溶液,放置于-20℃冰箱中保存。在标准品储备溶液的基础上用0.1%甲酸水溶液稀释为1~2000μg/L的混合标准工作溶液,于-20℃冰箱保存备用;各标准溶液均现用现配。
实施例1、
1、样品预处理及前处理
预处理:除去生姜表层大块泥土,于清水中利用软毛刷轻轻进行搓洗去除生姜表面的泥土以及腐烂部分,取不少于500g干净的生姜样品于液氮中速冻,速冻后样品在-70℃条件下利用冷冻干燥机进行冷冻干燥,然后将生姜不同组织样品研磨混合成粉后,过60目细筛后,放置于-80℃超低温冰箱中保存待测。
样品前处理:分析电子天平精确称量500mg生姜不同组织样品于50mL离心管中,加入20mL的0.1%甲酸水溶液(pH<3),涡旋1min后于常温条件下超声10min。将混合溶液于10000rpm条件下离心5min,取上清液过0.22μm滤膜于进样小瓶中,分别将提取液稀释20倍、500倍,保存于4℃冰箱。根据需求选择合适的稀释浓度进样分析。
2、仪器条件
色谱条件如下:
色谱柱:Xbridge C18柱(Waters公司,美国),柱长100mm,内径2.1mm,粒度2.5μm;
柱温:40℃;
流动相:0.1%甲酸水溶液(A相)和0.1%甲酸乙腈溶液(B相);
流速:0.3mL/min;
梯度洗脱:0~2min,98%A(2%B);2~14min,2%A(98%B);14~15min,2%A(98%B);15~15.1min,98%A(2%B);15.1~18min,98%A(2%B);
进样量:5μL。
质谱条件如下:
离子源:电喷雾离子源(ESI);
检测方式:多反应监测(MRM);
离子源温度(Temperature):550℃;
喷雾电压(Ion Spray Voltage):正离子模式4500V;
气帘气(Curtain Gas):35psi;
雾化气(GAS 1):55psi;
辅助加热气(GAS 2):55psi。
适用于生姜中氨基酸化合物检测的各氨基酸离子对及对应的去簇电压(DP)、碰撞能量(CE)等离子特征质谱条件见表3。
表3 20种氨基酸化合物的名称、保留时间、MRM离子对及质谱检测参数
3、实验结果
(1)前处理方法及仪器条件
1)LC-MS/MS检测条件
对20种氨基酸的母离子、子离子及其CE、DP、EP和CXP等相关质谱参数了进行优化。20种游离氨基酸均在正离子模式下有较稳定的[M+H]+准分子离子峰。首先通过全扫描模式获取母离子,然后将该母离子进行子离子模式扫描,并通过调整CE、DP等参数来获取较强的碎片离子峰,化合物的MRM离子对及相应参数如表3所示。
本发明还对比了甲醇-水和乙腈-水体系及在流动相中添加不同改良剂对化合物分离度和峰形的影响,发现含0.1%甲酸的乙腈-水体系具有较优的分离度和峰形。本发明以0.1%甲酸的乙腈-水作为流动相,且20种氨基酸均具有较强的极性,因此,在洗脱梯度起始处设置了较低的有机相比例,并缓慢增加其比例,从而增加化合物之间的分离度,最终得到最优的洗脱梯度。
2)前处理条件的优化
对提取溶剂(0.1%的甲酸水溶液、0.1%的甲酸水/甲醇(1/1,v/v))、提取温度(常温、40℃)和提取时间(10min和20min)等前处理条件分别进行了优化。结果表明,当采用0.1%甲酸水溶液进行提取时,回收率较好;提取温度和提取时间对回收率结果没有显著影响。因此,充分考虑提取效率和环境保护等因素,本发明采用0.1%甲酸水溶液于常温条件下超声提取10min。
20种游离氨基酸的离子对色谱图如图1所示,各氨基酸化合物的检测参数见表3。
(2)线性关系、检出限和定量限
对本发明方法的检出限(Limit of detection,LOD)、定量限(Limit ofquantification,LOQ)及线性进行评价。LODs和LOQs分别为3倍和10倍的信噪比(S/N);标准曲线的绘制至少设置7个系列浓度。
基于LC-MS/MS建立检测方法的线性方程、线性范围、相关系数(r2)、LODs和LOQs见表4。由表4可知,该检测方法的线性方程可用来对靶标化合物进行准确定性定量,线性范围宽,可以满足生姜样品中各氨基酸的定性定量检测;其中线性相关系数r2>0.9990。相对传统的检测方法,本发明方法中采用MRM扫描模式,灵敏度相对更高,定量结果也更加准确,可以为生姜中氨基酸含量数据提供更完善的数据支持。
表4 20种氨基酸的标准曲线、LODs和LOQs
(3)回收率、基质效应和精密度
方法的准确度采用加标回收率来进行评价。其中回收率计算公式为:
回收率=(检测量-原始量)/加入量×100%
在回收率的评价过程中,设计L(低)、M(中)和H(高)3个回收率的加标水平,所加化合物含量约为生姜中化合物原始含量的1/2、1/1及3/2。在常见的基质物质中,难以找到氨基酸的基质空白样品,因此采用斜率法对基质效应进行评价,斜率法的计算公式为:
斜率=基质标准曲线斜率/溶剂标准曲线斜率
斜率为0.8~1.2时,说明基质效应对方法影响较小,可采用溶剂标样定量;当斜率低于0.8或高于1.2时,则说明基质效应对方法存在抑制或加强的效果,此时需要使用基质标进行定量。
生姜的根状茎、地上茎和叶片3种不同组织中,各化合物的回收率结果见表5,基质效应结果见表6。
根状茎、地上茎和叶片3个组织中20种氨基酸的检测回收率分别为73.6%~122.3%、84.3%~130.2%和79.6%~127.8%,且各化合物的RSD均小于20%,说明此仪器方法和前处理方法满足方法学评价,可以用来检测生姜3个组织中20种氨基酸的检测。3个组织中化合物的基质效应分别在0.93~1.13、0.93~1.24和0.87~1.23之间,说明本发明方法的基质效应效果不显著,样品提取液的干扰物对试验的结果影响较小,满足采用溶剂标进行定性定量的条件。因此,本发明方法适用于生姜的根状茎、地上茎和叶片中20种氨基酸的定性及定量检测。
表5生姜3种不同组织中20种氨基酸在3个加标水平下的回收率及RSD
表6生姜3种不同组织中20种氨基酸的基质效应
本发明建立了快速准确测定生姜中20种游离氨基酸的LC-MS/MS法,利用XbridgeC18柱分离,以0.1%甲酸水乙腈溶液为流动相进行梯度洗脱;均采用ESI源、正离子、负离子和MRM模式对靶标化合物物进行定性定量分析。其中在建立后对该检测方法在生姜三个组织(根状茎、地上茎、叶片)中的可适用性进行了方法学评价。本发明该检测方法在20种氨基酸化合物的定性定量时采用溶剂标进行,20种化合物标准曲线的r2>0.9990,方法的LOD为0.028~200μg/kg,LOQ为0.08~400μg/kg;生姜中3个组织样品在基质在加标水平下的回收率为60.5~127.8%,RSD<20%。方法学评价表明,本发明方法可适用于生姜不同组织中20种氨基酸的检测,为生姜的品质评价鉴定提供可靠的技术手段。
Claims (10)
1.一种生姜中游离氨基酸的液相色谱-串联质谱检测方法,包括如下步骤:
S1、生姜组织经预处理后粉碎过筛得生姜粉末;
S2、向所述生姜粉末中加入甲酸水溶液进行提取,离心后取上清液;
S3、采用液相色谱-串联质谱法检测所述上清液,即实现所述生姜中游离氨基酸的定性定量检测。
2.根据权利要求1所述的检测方法,其特征在于:所述生姜组织为根状茎、地上茎和叶片。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的检测方法,其特征在于:所述游离氨基酸包括蛋氨酸、甘氨酸、缬氨酸、色氨酸、组氨酸、半胱氨酸、丝氨酸、亮氨酸、异亮氨酸、苯丙氨酸、苏氨酸、丙氨酸、脯氨酸、酪氨酸、天冬氨酸、天冬酰胺、精氨酸、赖氨酸、谷氨酰胺和谷氨酸。
4.根据权利要求1-3中任一项所述的检测方法,其特征在于:步骤S1中,所述预处理的步骤如下:
将所述生姜组织速冻后进行冷冻干燥;
所述冷冻干燥的温度为-60~-70℃;
所述生姜粉末的粒度为40~80目。
5.根据权利要求1-4中任一项所述的检测方法,其特征在于:步骤S2中,所述甲酸水溶液中,甲酸的体积含量为0.1%~0.2%;
所述甲酸水溶液的用量为:40~100mL/g所述生姜粉末。
6.根据权利要求1-5中任一项所述的检测方法,其特征在于:步骤S2中,所述提取的方式为超声;
所述超声的时间为10~30min,温度为10~25℃。
7.根据权利要求1-6中任一项所述的检测方法,其特征在于:步骤S2中,所述离心的条件如下:
时间为5~20min,转速为10000~14000rpm;
在步骤S3之前,将所述上清液过0.22μm滤膜。
8.根据权利要求1-7中任一项所述的检测方法,其特征在于:步骤S3中,所述液相色谱-串联质谱法中液相色谱的检测条件如下:
色谱柱:C18柱;
流动相:A相为0.1%甲酸水溶液,B相为0.1%的甲酸乙腈溶液;
梯度洗脱:0~2min,98%A相,2%B相;2~14min,2%A相,98%B相;14~15min,2%A相,98%B相。
9.根据权利要求1-8中任一项所述的检测方法,其特征在于:步骤S3中,所述液相色谱-串联质谱法中质谱的检测条件如下:
离子源类型:电喷雾离子源;
扫描方式:多反应监测;
喷雾电压:正离子模式4500V;
质谱离子源温度:550℃;
气帘气:35psi;
雾化气:55psi;
辅助加热气:55psi。
10.根据权利要求1-9中任一项所述的检测方法,其特征在于:步骤S3中,采用标准曲线法对所述游离氨基酸进行定量检测。
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