CN115466876B - Powder metallurgy friction material for unmanned aerial vehicle brake pair and preparation process thereof - Google Patents
Powder metallurgy friction material for unmanned aerial vehicle brake pair and preparation process thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN115466876B CN115466876B CN202211249802.7A CN202211249802A CN115466876B CN 115466876 B CN115466876 B CN 115466876B CN 202211249802 A CN202211249802 A CN 202211249802A CN 115466876 B CN115466876 B CN 115466876B
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- 239000002783 friction material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 95
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims description 15
- 238000004663 powder metallurgy Methods 0.000 title abstract description 28
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 90
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 229910000604 Ferrochrome Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- DALUDRGQOYMVLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron manganese Chemical compound [Mn].[Fe] DALUDRGQOYMVLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- CWQXQMHSOZUFJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N molybdenum disulfide Chemical compound S=[Mo]=S CWQXQMHSOZUFJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 229910052982 molybdenum disulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 229910000616 Ferromanganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims description 37
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 36
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000003350 kerosene Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 241000357293 Leptobrama muelleri Species 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000084 colloidal system Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 41
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 13
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 13
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 4
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910000576 Laminated steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004026 adhesive bonding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 2
- IYRDVAUFQZOLSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper iron Chemical compound [Fe].[Cu] IYRDVAUFQZOLSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008676 import Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011812 mixed powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004482 other powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910000746 Structural steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010960 cold rolled steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002932 luster Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052755 nonmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012827 research and development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005204 segregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- UONOETXJSWQNOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten carbide Chemical compound [W+]#[C-] UONOETXJSWQNOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C9/00—Alloys based on copper
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
- B22F1/12—Metallic powder containing non-metallic particles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/02—Compacting only
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/12—Both compacting and sintering
- B22F3/14—Both compacting and sintering simultaneously
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/04—Making non-ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
- C22C1/0425—Copper-based alloys
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/04—Making non-ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
- C22C1/05—Mixtures of metal powder with non-metallic powder
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C32/00—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ
- C22C32/0089—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with other, not previously mentioned inorganic compounds as the main non-metallic constituent, e.g. sulfides, glass
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D69/00—Friction linings; Attachment thereof; Selection of coacting friction substances or surfaces
- F16D69/02—Composition of linings ; Methods of manufacturing
- F16D69/027—Compositions based on metals or inorganic oxides
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D2200/00—Materials; Production methods therefor
- F16D2200/0004—Materials; Production methods therefor metallic
- F16D2200/0026—Non-ferro
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D2200/00—Materials; Production methods therefor
- F16D2200/0082—Production methods therefor
- F16D2200/0086—Moulding materials together by application of heat and pressure
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a friction material for an unmanned aerial vehicle, which comprises, by mass, 51-55 parts of copper powder, 12-15 parts of iron powder, 13-20 parts of granular graphite, 0-1.5 parts of silicon carbide, 3-6 parts of ferrochrome powder, 4-7 parts of chromium powder, 2-5 parts of molybdenum disulfide, 0-1.5 parts of ferromanganese powder and 2-6 parts of tungsten powder. The invention redesigns the material formula based on the requirement on performance, not only simplifies the material manufacturing process and reduces the material manufacturing cost, but also prepares the brake by-product with more stable performance, wear resistance and prolonged service life. The powder metallurgy friction material provided by the invention is improved aiming at the use characteristics of the unmanned aerial vehicle, the problem that the existing friction material cannot meet the use environment requirement is solved, the prepared brake pair can meet the use conditions of the novel unmanned aerial vehicle, and stable and reliable brake moment and good wear resistance are provided.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of unmanned aerial vehicle braking, relates to a friction material for an unmanned aerial vehicle, a preparation process and application thereof, and particularly relates to a powder metallurgy friction material for an unmanned aerial vehicle braking pair and a preparation process thereof.
Background
The future battlefield will develop deeply towards unmanned and intelligent, unmanned aerial vehicles will be widely used in more fields in future combat, the shadow of unmanned combat appears in reconnaissance plane, decoy plane and attack plane, in view of the increasing application requirements of unmanned aerial vehicle technology in the civil and military fields, in the foreseeable future, the number of countries participating in import and export unmanned aerial vehicle transactions will further increase, and the unmanned aerial vehicle models participating in import and export transactions are also richer. The brake pair (the whole brake disc participating in the brake braking is called as a device for the landing and taking-off sliding brake braking of the unmanned aerial vehicle), which is an important guarantee of safe operation, is parallel to an engine to be a critical component of an aircraft A, so that the braking performance of the friction material of the brake pair directly influences the safety and application of the unmanned aerial vehicle. The harsh high-temperature high-strength high-frequency use environment in the braking process results in very limited materials capable of meeting the braking requirement, and the selection of proper powder metallurgy materials is a key for ensuring the safe and stable operation of the braking pair.
However, with the gradual improvement of the performance and the function of the unmanned aerial vehicle, the technical parameters such as landing weight, landing speed, braking distance and the like are greatly improved, and further the requirement on a braking pair is further improved, however, the existing powder metallurgy friction material is difficult to meet the use condition and requirement of a novel unmanned aerial vehicle, and particularly cannot provide the braking performance meeting the use requirement, so that the unmanned aerial vehicle is likely to have serious safety problems such as clamping stagnation, runway slipping and crash in the landing process of the unmanned aerial vehicle in the use process. The existing powder metallurgy friction material also has the problems of complex manufacturing process, short service life, high cost and the like.
Therefore, how to obtain a more suitable powder metallurgy friction material with better service performance and service life has become one of the problems to be solved by many research and development enterprises and first-line researchers.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide the friction material for the unmanned aerial vehicle, the preparation process and the application thereof, in particular to the powder metallurgy friction material for the unmanned aerial vehicle braking pair.
The invention provides a friction material for an unmanned aerial vehicle, which comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:
preferably, the friction material comprises a powder metallurgy friction material;
the unmanned aerial vehicle is specifically an unmanned aerial vehicle brake pair;
the raw materials include powder raw materials;
the friction material is obtained by high-pressure rapid cold press molding of raw materials.
Preferably, the raw materials also comprise aviation kerosene;
the mass of the aviation kerosene is 1.0-1.5% of the mass of the solid phase raw material in the raw material;
the friction material is obtained by sintering raw materials under low pressure.
Preferably, the matrix component of the friction material comprises copper powder and iron powder;
the copper powder comprises electrolytic copper powder;
the granularity of the copper powder is 45-75 mu m;
the iron powder includes reduced iron powder;
the granularity of the iron powder is 45-75 mu m.
Preferably, the friction component of the friction material comprises silicon carbide;
the granularity of the silicon carbide is 150-350 mu m;
the lubricating component of the friction material comprises granular graphite and molybdenum disulfide;
the molybdenum disulfide comprises MoS 2 Colloid powder;
the granularity of the molybdenum disulfide is 1.5-4 mu m.
Preferably, the reinforcing component of the friction material comprises ferrochrome powder, ferromanganese powder, chromium powder and tungsten powder;
the granularity of the ferrochrome powder is less than or equal to 75 mu m;
the granularity of the manganese iron powder is less than or equal to 75 mu m;
the granularity of the chromium powder is less than or equal to 60 mu m;
the granularity of the tungsten powder is 3-8 mu m;
the ferrochrome powder comprises medium carbon ferrochrome powder;
the ferromanganese powder comprises medium carbon ferromanganese powder.
The invention also provides a preparation process of the friction material for the unmanned aerial vehicle, which comprises the following steps of:
1) Mixing the raw material powder to obtain a powder mixture;
the raw material powder comprises one or more of copper powder, iron powder, granular graphite, silicon carbide, ferrochrome powder, chromium powder, molybdenum disulfide, manganese iron powder and tungsten powder;
2) Placing the powder mixture obtained in the steps into a die, and obtaining a block-shaped pressed compact after high-pressure rapid cold press molding;
3) And (3) under the hydrogen atmosphere, carrying out low-pressure pressurized sintering on the block-shaped pressed compact obtained in the steps to obtain the friction material.
Preferably, the mixing time is 1 to 4 hours;
the pressure of the high-pressure rapid cold press molding is 300-500 MPa;
the time for the high-pressure rapid cold press molding is 1-2 s.
Preferably, the specific steps of the low-pressure sintering include: stacking the block-shaped pressed compact and the support steel back, and then performing pressure sintering;
the pressure of the low-pressure pressurized sintering is 0.4-1.1 MPa;
the temperature of the low-pressure pressurized sintering is 990-1030 ℃;
the heat preservation time of the low-pressure pressurized sintering is 2-4 hours;
the low-pressure sintering further comprises a machining treatment step.
The invention also provides the friction material according to any one of the technical schemes or the application of the friction material prepared by any one of the preparation processes in the aspect of unmanned aerial vehicle braking pair.
The invention provides a friction material for an unmanned aerial vehicle, which comprises, by mass, 51-55 parts of copper powder, 12-15 parts of iron powder, 13-20 parts of granular graphite, 0-1.5 parts of silicon carbide, 3-6 parts of ferrochrome powder, 4-7 parts of chromium powder, 2-5 parts of molybdenum disulfide, 0-1.5 parts of ferromanganese powder and 2-6 parts of tungsten powder. Compared with the powder metallurgy friction material in the prior art, the friction material is improved aiming at the use characteristics of the unmanned aerial vehicle, and the problem that the existing friction material cannot meet the use environment requirement of the unmanned aerial vehicle is solved. The invention redesigns the material formula based on the requirement on performance, not only simplifies the material manufacturing process and reduces the material manufacturing cost, but also has more stable performance, wear resistance and prolonged service life after being prepared into the brake by-product.
The powder metallurgy friction material provided by the invention adopts the copper-iron base as the material matrix, so that the material has certain strength and excellent heat conductivity; proper amounts of particle graphite and molybdenum disulfide are added as lubricating components, so that the anti-gluing performance and wear resistance of the existing material are improved, and the effect of stabilizing the friction coefficient is achieved; adding a proper amount of silicon carbide as a friction component, so as to improve the friction performance of the material; the manganese iron powder and the ferrochrome powder are added to further strengthen the material matrix and improve the comprehensive performance of the material; chromium powder and tungsten powder are added, so that the hardness of the material is increased, the oxidation resistance of the material is improved, the temperature field in the friction process is improved, and the friction coefficient is regulated; and compared with the existing friction material formula, the friction material reduces the addition of tin powder, nickel powder, sea sand and other powder, simplifies the material formula, optimizes the manufacturing process and reduces the manufacturing cost.
Experimental results show that the service life of the powder metallurgy friction material braking pair provided by the invention can reach approximately 500 times of braking, and the service life of the existing friction material applied to the unmanned aerial vehicle is not more than 200 times of braking, so that the braking frequency is obviously increased, and the service life is obviously prolonged.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a brake pair according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
For a further understanding of the present invention, preferred embodiments of the invention are described below in conjunction with the examples, but it should be understood that these descriptions are merely intended to illustrate further features and advantages of the invention, and are not limiting of the claims of the invention.
All the raw materials of the present invention are not particularly limited in their sources, and may be purchased on the market or prepared according to conventional methods well known to those skilled in the art.
The raw materials used in the present invention are not particularly limited in purity, and the present invention is preferably an industrial purity or a conventional purity in the field of powder metallurgy friction materials.
All raw materials of the invention, the brands and abbreviations of which belong to the conventional brands and abbreviations in the field of the related application are clear and definite, and the person skilled in the art can purchase from the market or prepare by the conventional method according to the brands, abbreviations and the corresponding application.
All processes of the present invention, the abbreviations of which are conventional in the art, are each well-defined in the art of their relevant use, and the skilled artisan will be able to understand the conventional process steps thereof based on the abbreviations.
The invention provides a friction material for an unmanned aerial vehicle, which comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:
in the present invention, the copper powder may be added in an amount of 51 to 55 parts by weight, preferably 52 to 54 parts by weight, more preferably 52.5 to 53.5 parts by weight.
In the present invention, the iron powder is added in an amount of 12 to 15 parts by weight, may be 12.5 to 14.5 parts by weight, and is preferably 13 to 14 parts by weight.
In the present invention, the particulate graphite is added in an amount of 13 to 20 parts by weight, preferably 14.5 to 18.5 parts by weight, more preferably 16 to 17 parts by weight.
In the present invention, the silicon carbide may be added in an amount of 0 to 1.5 parts by weight, preferably 0.3 to 1.2 parts by weight, and more preferably 0.6 to 0.9 parts by weight.
In the present invention, the ferrochrome powder is added in an amount of 3 to 6 parts by weight, may be 3.5 to 5.5 parts by weight, and is preferably 4 to 5 parts by weight.
In the present invention, the chromium powder is added in an amount of 4 to 7 parts by weight, may be 4.5 to 6.5 parts by weight, and is preferably 5 to 6 parts by weight.
In the present invention, the molybdenum disulfide is added in an amount of 2 to 5 parts by weight, may be 2.5 to 4.5 parts by weight, and is preferably 3 to 4 parts by weight.
In the present invention, the ferromanganese powder is added in an amount of 0 to 1.5 parts by weight, preferably 0.3 to 1.2 parts by weight, and more preferably 0.6 to 0.9 parts by weight.
In the present invention, the tungsten powder is added in an amount of 2 to 6 parts by weight, may be 2.8 to 5.2 parts by weight, and is preferably 3.6 to 4.4 parts by weight.
In the present invention, the friction material for unmanned aerial vehicle is preferably a copper-based friction material.
In the invention, tungsten is particularly added into the copper-based friction material, and the high melting point of the tungsten is beneficial to the copper-based friction material to absorb more friction heat, so that the specific heat capacity of the material is improved; the tungsten carbide with high hardness generated by reaction with carbon can play the role of a dispersion strengthening matrix, so that the abrasion resistance of the friction material is enhanced. In addition, tungsten has the advantages of high melting point, excellent high-temperature strength, good thermal conductivity, small thermal expansion coefficient and good corrosion resistance, and is very beneficial to improving the wear resistance of the copper-based friction material.
In the present invention, the friction material preferably includes a powder metallurgy friction material.
In the invention, the unmanned aerial vehicle is particularly preferably an unmanned aerial vehicle braking pair.
In the present invention, the raw material preferably includes a powder raw material.
In the invention, the friction material is preferably obtained by rapid cold press molding of raw materials under high pressure.
In the present invention, aviation kerosene is also preferably included in the raw material.
In the present invention, the mass of the aviation kerosene is preferably 1.0% to 1.5%, more preferably 1.1% to 1.4%, and even more preferably 1.2% to 1.3% of the mass of the solid phase raw material in the raw material.
According to the invention, aviation kerosene is further added into the raw materials and used as a liquid lubricant and an adhesive, so that a layer of oil film can be formed on the surfaces of metal powder particles, the component segregation of the powder mixture can be effectively reduced in the process of mixing the powder mixture, and meanwhile, the forming die can be protected, the die stripping is facilitated, the die abrasion is reduced, and the service life of the die is prolonged.
In the present invention, the friction material is preferably obtained by sintering a raw material under low pressure.
In the present invention, the matrix component of the friction material preferably includes copper powder and iron powder.
In the present invention, the copper powder preferably comprises electrolytic copper powder.
In the present invention, the particle size of the copper powder is preferably 45 to 75. Mu.m, more preferably 50 to 70. Mu.m, and still more preferably 55 to 65. Mu.m.
In the present invention, the iron powder preferably includes reduced iron powder.
In the present invention, the particle size of the iron powder is preferably 45 to 75. Mu.m, more preferably 50 to 70. Mu.m, still more preferably 55 to 65. Mu.m.
In the present invention, the friction component of the friction material preferably includes silicon carbide.
In the present invention, the particle size of the silicon carbide is preferably 150 to 350. Mu.m, more preferably 190 to 310. Mu.m, and still more preferably 230 to 270. Mu.m.
In the present invention, the lubricating component of the friction material preferably comprises particulate graphite and molybdenum disulfide.
In the present invention, the molybdenum disulfide preferably comprises MoS 2 Colloid powder.
In the present invention, the particle size of the molybdenum disulfide is preferably 1.5 to 4. Mu.m, more preferably 2 to 3.5. Mu.m, and still more preferably 2.5 to 3. Mu.m.
In the present invention, the reinforcing component of the friction material preferably includes ferrochrome powder, ferromanganese powder, chromium powder and tungsten powder.
In the present invention, the ferrochrome powder preferably has a particle size of 75 μm or less, more preferably 70 μm or less, and still more preferably 65 μm or less.
In the present invention, the particle size of the ferromanganese powder is preferably 75 μm or less, more preferably 70 μm or less, and still more preferably 65 μm or less.
In the present invention, the particle size of the chromium powder is preferably 60 μm or less, more preferably 55 μm or less, and still more preferably 50 μm or less.
In the present invention, the particle size of the tungsten powder is preferably 3 to 8. Mu.m, more preferably 4 to 7. Mu.m, and still more preferably 5 to 6. Mu.m.
In the present invention, the ferrochrome powder preferably includes medium carbon ferrochrome powder.
In the present invention, the ferromanganese powder preferably includes medium carbon ferromanganese powder.
In the present invention, the raw material powder does not contain one or more of tin powder, nickel powder and sea sand.
The invention relates to a complete and refined integral technical scheme, which better improves the braking performance and the wear resistance of a powder metallurgy friction material, wherein the powder metallurgy friction material for an unmanned aerial vehicle concretely comprises the following components:
the friction material comprises the following main materials: 51 to 55 percent of copper powder, 12 to 15 percent of iron powder, 13 to 20 percent of granular graphite, 0 to 1.5 percent of silicon carbide, 3 to 6 percent of ferrochrome powder, 4 to 7 percent of chromium powder, 2 to 5 percent of molybdenum disulfide, 0 to 1.5 percent of ferromanganese powder, 2 to 6 percent of tungsten powder, and aviation kerosene accounting for 1.0 to 1.5 percent of the total weight of the ingredients.
The composition of the powder metallurgy friction material for aviation brake can be roughly divided into: (1) Matrix components, which are used for providing necessary mechanical properties and physical and chemical properties of the material; (2) The lubricating component is used for improving the anti-jamming performance, ensuring the braking stability and improving the wear resistance of the material; (3) The friction component is used for ensuring good engagement with the working surface of the dual material and improving the friction factor and the wear resistance. (4) The reinforcing component is used for reinforcing the physical and chemical properties of the material matrix.
(1) The matrix component of the invention is 51-55% of 200 mesh electrolytic copper powder (granularity of 45-75 μm), 12-15% of 200 mesh reduced iron powder (granularity of 45-75 μm), and the matrix component composed of specific chemical components, physical forms and granularity is adopted.
(2) The friction component in the invention is 0-1.5% silicon carbide particles, and the friction component is composed of specific chemical components, physical forms and granularity.
(3) The lubricating component of the invention is 13-20% of particle graphite and 2-5% of MoS 2 The colloid powder (granularity 1.5-4 μm) adopts lubricating components with specific chemical components, physical forms and granularity.
(4) The reinforcing components in the invention are 3-6% of medium carbon ferrochrome, 0-1.5% of medium carbon ferromanganese, 4-7% of chromium powder and 2-6% of tungsten powder, and the reinforcing components composed of specific chemical components, physical forms and granularity are adopted.
The invention provides a preparation process of a friction material for an unmanned aerial vehicle, which comprises the following steps of:
1) Mixing the raw material powder to obtain a powder mixture;
the raw material powder comprises one or more of copper powder, iron powder, granular graphite, silicon carbide, ferrochrome powder, chromium powder, molybdenum disulfide, manganese iron powder and tungsten powder;
2) Placing the powder mixture obtained in the steps into a die, and obtaining a block-shaped pressed compact after high-pressure rapid cold press molding;
3) And (3) under the hydrogen atmosphere, carrying out low-pressure pressurized sintering on the block-shaped pressed compact obtained in the steps to obtain the friction material.
The invention firstly mixes the raw material powder to obtain the powder mixture.
In the present invention, the raw material powder preferably includes one or more of copper powder, iron powder, particulate graphite, silicon carbide, ferrochrome powder, chromium powder, molybdenum disulfide, ferromanganese powder and tungsten powder, more preferably copper powder, iron powder, particulate graphite, silicon carbide, ferrochrome powder, chromium powder, molybdenum disulfide, ferromanganese powder or tungsten powder.
In the present invention, the mixing time is preferably 1 to 4 hours, more preferably 1.5 to 3.5 hours, and still more preferably 2 to 3 hours.
In the present invention, the raw material may include aviation kerosene in addition to raw material powder. Wherein, the aviation kerosene is preferably added in the steps, and specifically, the aviation kerosene is preferably added simultaneously with the graphite in the mixing procedure.
The powder mixture obtained in the steps is placed in a die, and is subjected to high-pressure rapid cold press molding to obtain a block-shaped pressed compact.
In the present invention, the pressure of the high-pressure rapid cold press molding is preferably 300 to 500MPa, more preferably 340 to 460MPa, and still more preferably 380 to 420MPa.
In the present invention, the time for the rapid cold press molding under high pressure is preferably 1 to 2s, more preferably 1.2 to 1.8s, and still more preferably 1.4 to 1.6s.
Finally, the block-shaped pressed compact obtained in the steps is subjected to low-pressure pressurizing sintering in a hydrogen atmosphere to obtain the friction material.
In the present invention, the specific step of low-pressure sintering preferably includes: and stacking the block-shaped pressed compact and the support steel back, and then performing pressure sintering.
In the present invention, the pressure of the low pressure sintering is preferably 0.4 to 1.1MPa, more preferably 0.5 to 1.0MPa, still more preferably 0.6 to 0.9MPa, and still more preferably 0.7 to 0.8MPa.
In the present invention, the low pressure sintering temperature is preferably 990 to 1030 ℃, more preferably 995 to 1025 ℃, more preferably 1000 to 1020 ℃, more preferably 1005 to 1015 ℃.
In the present invention, the heat-retaining time of the low-pressure sintering is preferably 2 to 4 hours, more preferably 2.4 to 3.6 hours, and still more preferably 2.8 to 3.2 hours.
In the invention, the heat preservation time is the heat preservation time at the sintering temperature. The low-pressure pressurized sintering process is preferably gradient sintering, namely gradient heating process. Specifically, the gradient can be divided into three gradients, wherein the 1 st and 2 nd phases are heating phases, the 3 rd phase is heat preservation phase, the heat preservation time is the duration of the 3 rd phase, and the heat preservation temperature also refers to the stable temperature of the 3 rd phase.
In the present invention, the low-pressure sintering is preferably followed by a machining treatment step.
The invention relates to a complete and refined integral technical scheme, which better improves the braking performance and the wear resistance of a powder metallurgy friction material, and the preparation process of the powder metallurgy friction material for an unmanned aerial vehicle comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing a powder mixture: weighing the metal powder and the nonmetal powder according to the formula proportion of the friction material, sieving by a screen, and mixing for a certain time (1-4 hours) by a manual premixing and mixing machine, and uniformly mixing the powder.
(2) And (5) press forming: weighing a certain amount of uniformly mixed materials, placing the uniformly mixed materials into a mould with a prefabricated shape, placing the mould under a press for pressing, and pressing the powder mixture into a block-shaped pressed compact according to the pressing pressure of 300-500 MPa;
(3) sintering: and (3) laminating the pressed block-shaped pressed compact with a specific support steel back (the steel back is formed by processing a No. 20 high-quality carbon structural steel cold-rolled steel sheet with the thickness of 1.2 mm), wherein the surface coating of the steel back is uniform in color and luster after sintering, no material is peeled off and serious bubbles are generated, stacking and transferring the laminated steel back into a pressurized sintering furnace, and pressurizing and sintering the laminated steel according to the unit area pressure of 0.4-1.1 MPa, wherein the heat preservation temperature is 990-1030 ℃ and the heat preservation time is 2-4 h, and introducing hydrogen for protection in the pressurized sintering process.
(4) And (3) subsequent machining treatment: and (3) carrying out subsequent treatment on the sintered product by using equipment such as a lathe, a grinding machine and the like, so that the appearance, the size and the surface treatment of the product meet the requirements.
The aviation brake powder metallurgy friction material generally adopts a manufacturing process combining cold press molding and pressure sintering, but in general, due to the difference of material compositions, the aviation brake powder metallurgy friction material has stronger pertinence to the research of the manufacturing process of the aviation brake friction material, and different friction materials need to be subjected to specific process research. The invention is based on the specific formula composition, and particularly adopts a high-pressure rapid cold press molding mode with the pressure of 300-500 MPa and the compression time of 1-2S, and combines a low-pressure pressurized sintering mode with the pressure of 0.4-1.1 MPa, 2-4 h and the temperature of 990-1030 ℃ under the single hydrogen atmosphere. Thus obtaining the powder metallurgy friction material provided by the invention.
Referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a brake pair according to the present invention. Wherein, 1, compress tightly dish 2 movable disk, 3, casing. The brake pair consists of 1 compression disc, 1 movable disc and 1 shell.
The invention provides a friction material according to any one of the technical schemes or application of the friction material prepared by any one of the preparation processes in the aspect of unmanned aerial vehicle braking pair.
The invention provides the powder metallurgy friction material for the unmanned aerial vehicle brake pair and the preparation process thereof. The invention redesigns the material formula based on the requirement on performance, not only simplifies the material manufacturing process and reduces the material manufacturing cost, but also has more stable performance, wear resistance and prolonged service life after being prepared into the brake by-product.
The powder metallurgy friction material provided by the invention adopts the copper-iron base as the material matrix, so that the material has certain strength and excellent heat conductivity; proper amounts of particle graphite and molybdenum disulfide are added as lubricating components, so that the anti-gluing performance and wear resistance of the existing material are improved, and the effect of stabilizing the friction coefficient is achieved; adding a proper amount of silicon carbide as a friction component, so as to improve the friction performance of the material; the manganese iron powder and the ferrochrome powder are added to further strengthen the material matrix and improve the comprehensive performance of the material; chromium powder and tungsten powder are added, so that the hardness of the material is increased, the oxidation resistance of the material is improved, the temperature field in the friction process is improved, and the friction coefficient is regulated; and compared with the existing friction material formula, the friction material reduces the addition of tin powder, nickel powder, sea sand and other powder, simplifies the material formula, optimizes the manufacturing process and reduces the manufacturing cost.
Experimental results show that the service life of the powder metallurgy friction material braking pair provided by the invention can reach approximately 500 times of braking, and the service life of the existing friction material applied to the unmanned aerial vehicle is not more than 200 times of braking, so that the braking frequency is obviously increased, and the service life is obviously prolonged.
In order to further illustrate the present invention, the following details of the friction material for unmanned aerial vehicle, the preparation process and the application thereof are described in conjunction with the examples, but it should be understood that these examples are implemented on the premise of the technical scheme of the present invention, and detailed implementation and specific operation processes are given, which are only for further illustrating the features and advantages of the present invention, but not limiting the claims of the present invention, and the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited to the examples described below.
Example 1
The friction material for the unmanned aerial vehicle selected in this embodiment comprises the following components:
55% of copper powder, 15% of iron powder, 13% of granular graphite, 1.5% of silicon carbide, 6% of ferrochrome powder, 4% of chromium powder, 2% of molybdenum disulfide, 1.5% of ferromanganese powder and 2% of tungsten powder, and aviation kerosene accounting for 1% of the total mass is additionally added.
Example 2
The friction material for the unmanned aerial vehicle selected in this embodiment comprises the following components:
53% of copper powder, 16% of iron powder, 15% of granular graphite, 1.5% of silicon carbide, 5% of ferrochrome powder, 4% of chromium powder, 2% of molybdenum disulfide, 1.5% of ferromanganese powder and 2% of tungsten powder, and aviation kerosene accounting for 1% of the total mass is additionally added.
Example 3
The friction material for the unmanned aerial vehicle selected in this embodiment comprises the following components:
52% of copper powder, 14% of iron powder, 16% of granular graphite, 1.5% of silicon carbide, 6% of ferrochrome powder, 5% of chromium powder, 2% of molybdenum disulfide, 1.5% of ferromanganese powder and 2% of tungsten powder, and aviation kerosene accounting for 1% of the total mass is additionally added.
Comparative example 1
In this comparative example, the tungsten powder in the example was replaced with the base copper powder, and the remaining components were unchanged.
The procedure used in the above examples and comparative examples is as follows:
mixing: weighing molybdenum disulfide according to the formula proportion, mixing the molybdenum disulfide with copper powder after passing through a 40-mesh screen, weighing all powder except graphite and silicon carbide, adding the powder into the mixed powder, then passing through the 40-mesh screen, uniformly mixing, weighing graphite, adding aviation kerosene, uniformly mixing, adding the mixture into the mixed powder together with the silicon carbide, and loading the mixture into a mixer for mixing for 4 hours.
Profiling: weighing a proper amount of the mixture, placing the mixture into a special die, and pressing the mixture under the pressure of 460MPa for 2 seconds.
Sintering: the temperature rise time of the 1 stage is 80min, the temperature rise temperature is 720 ℃, and the pressure is 0.4MPa.
The temperature rise time in the 2 stage is 100min, the temperature rise is 1010 ℃, and the pressure is 1.1MPa.
The 3-stage heat preservation time is 150min, the heat preservation temperature is 1010 ℃, and the pressure is 1.1MPa.
The cooling time in the 4 stage is more than or equal to 240min, and the pressure is 0.8MPa.
And hydrogen gas is introduced as a protective gas in the sintering process.
The examples and comparative examples were tested on a frictional wear test stand using simulated operating conditions of an unmanned aerial vehicle and compared with existing powder metallurgy friction materials at a test rotational speed of 5400rpm with a test inertia of 0.56 kg-m 2 The brake pressure of 1.08MPa and the number of times of braking were tested 10 times, and the average value of the last 5 times was taken, and the results are shown in Table 1, and Table 1 shows the performance test results of the friction materials prepared in example 1 and comparative example 1 of the present invention.
TABLE 1
| Numbering device | Average coefficient of friction | Stability factor | Material abrasion mm/face/times | Dual wear mm/face/times |
| Example 1 | 0.311 | 0.85 | 0.0043 | 0.0001 |
| Example 2 | 0.305 | 0.78 | 0.0053 | 0.0013 |
| Example 3 | 0.287 | 0.74 | 0.0043 | 0.0001 |
| Comparative example 1 | 0.278 | 0.68 | 0.0050 | 0.0017 |
| Existing materials | 0.226 | 0.67 | 0.0096 | 0.0001 |
The powder metallurgy friction material for an unmanned aerial vehicle brake pair and the preparation process thereof provided by the invention are described in detail, and specific examples are applied to illustrate the principle and implementation mode of the invention, and the description of the examples is only used for helping understand the method and core idea of the invention, including the best mode, and also enable any person skilled in the art to practice the invention, including making and using any device or system and implementing any combined method. It should be noted that it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and adaptations of the invention can be made without departing from the principles of the invention and these modifications and adaptations are intended to be within the scope of the invention as defined in the following claims. The scope of the patent protection is defined by the claims and may include other embodiments that occur to those skilled in the art. Such other embodiments are intended to be within the scope of the claims if they have structural elements that do not differ from the literal language of the claims, or if they include equivalent structural elements with insubstantial differences from the literal language of the claims.
Claims (10)
1. The friction material applied to the aspect of unmanned aerial vehicle braking pair is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight:
51-55 parts of copper powder;
12-15 parts of iron powder;
13-20 parts by weight of granular graphite;
0.3-1.5 parts by weight of silicon carbide;
3-6 parts of ferrochrome powder;
4-7 parts of chromium powder;
2-5 parts of molybdenum disulfide;
0.3-1.5 parts by weight of ferromanganese powder;
2-6 parts by weight of tungsten powder;
aviation kerosene is also included in the raw materials;
the mass of the aviation kerosene is 1.0% -1.5% of the total mass of the solid phase raw materials in the raw materials.
2. A friction material as recited in claim 1 wherein said feedstock is a powder feedstock;
the friction material is obtained by high-pressure rapid cold press molding of raw materials.
3. A friction material as set forth in claim 1 wherein,
the friction material is obtained by sintering raw materials under low pressure.
4. The friction material of claim 1, wherein the matrix components of the friction material are copper powder and iron powder;
the copper powder is electrolytic copper powder;
the granularity of the copper powder is 45-75 mu m;
the iron powder is reduced iron powder;
the granularity of the iron powder is 45-75 mu m.
5. The friction material of claim 1, wherein the friction component of the friction material is silicon carbide;
the granularity of the silicon carbide is 150-350 mu m;
the lubricating components of the friction material are granular graphite and molybdenum disulfide;
the molybdenum disulfide is MoS 2 Colloid powder;
the granularity of the molybdenum disulfide is 1.5-4 mu m.
6. The friction material of claim 1, wherein the reinforcing component of the friction material is ferrochrome powder, ferromanganese powder, chromium powder, and tungsten powder;
the granularity of the ferrochrome powder is less than or equal to 75 mu m;
the granularity of the manganese iron powder is less than or equal to 75 mu m;
the granularity of the chromium powder is less than or equal to 60 mu m;
the granularity of the tungsten powder is 3-8 mu m;
the ferrochrome powder is medium carbon ferrochrome powder;
the ferromanganese powder is medium carbon ferromanganese powder.
7. A process for producing a friction material according to any one of claims 1 to 6, comprising the steps of:
1) Mixing the raw material powder to obtain a powder mixture;
2) Placing the powder mixture obtained in the steps into a die, and obtaining a block-shaped pressed compact after high-pressure rapid cold press molding;
3) And (3) under the hydrogen atmosphere, carrying out low-pressure pressurized sintering on the block-shaped pressed compact obtained in the steps to obtain the friction material.
8. The preparation process according to claim 7, wherein the mixing time is 1 to 4 hours;
the pressure of the high-pressure rapid cold press molding is 300-500 MPa;
the time for the high-pressure rapid cold press molding is 1-2 s.
9. The process according to claim 7, wherein the specific step of low-pressure sintering comprises: and stacking the block-shaped pressed compact and the support steel back, and then performing pressure sintering.
10. The preparation process according to claim 9, wherein the pressure of the low-pressure pressurized sintering is 0.4-1.1 mpa;
the temperature of the low-pressure pressurized sintering is 990-1030 ℃;
the heat preservation time of the low-pressure pressurized sintering is 2-4 hours;
the low-pressure sintering further comprises a machining treatment step.
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| CN115126808A (en) * | 2022-03-31 | 2022-09-30 | 北京科技大学 | Copper-based powder metallurgy friction material suitable for high-speed braking and preparation method thereof |
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| JP5716494B2 (en) * | 2011-03-30 | 2015-05-13 | 新日鐵住金株式会社 | Sintered friction material for high-speed railway |
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| CN109518100A (en) * | 2018-11-07 | 2019-03-26 | 北京天仁道和新材料有限公司 | A kind of high-speed train braking powder metallurgy friction material and preparation method thereof |
| CN112899520A (en) * | 2021-01-14 | 2021-06-04 | 广东西北航空科技股份有限公司 | Powder metallurgy friction material and preparation method and application thereof |
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