CN114774728B - Wear-resistant aluminum alloy and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Wear-resistant aluminum alloy and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 65
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000009768 microwave sintering Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000000713 high-energy ball milling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000000498 ball milling Methods 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical group CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000009694 cold isostatic pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001291 vacuum drying Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 12
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000011135 tin Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 7
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 6
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 6
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 6
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 4
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 4
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 4
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000005551 mechanical alloying Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 4
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 3
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 3
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 3
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 15
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910001008 7075 aluminium alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000007745 plasma electrolytic oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000013585 weight reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004372 laser cladding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001755 magnetron sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005204 segregation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium Chemical compound [V]#[V] GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000733 Li alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000861 Mg alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001069 Ti alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- CSDREXVUYHZDNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumanylidynesilicon Chemical compound [Al].[Si] CSDREXVUYHZDNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WPPDFTBPZNZZRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum copper Chemical compound [Al].[Cu] WPPDFTBPZNZZRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- -1 aluminum-zinc-magnesium-copper Chemical compound 0.000 description 1
- 239000010407 anodic oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012496 blank sample Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000009749 continuous casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003562 lightweight material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001989 lithium alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium atom Chemical compound [Sr] CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002910 structure generation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009827 uniform distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical compound [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/04—Making non-ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
- C22C1/0408—Light metal alloys
- C22C1/0416—Aluminium-based alloys
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/04—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering with simultaneous application of supersonic waves, magnetic or electric fields
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/02—Alloys based on aluminium with silicon as the next major constituent
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/02—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working in inert or controlled atmosphere or vacuum
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/043—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with silicon as the next major constituent
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a wear-resistant aluminum alloy and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the technical field of nonferrous metals. The aluminum alloy comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: 10.4 to 11.8 percent of Si, 1.5 to 2.5 percent of Zr, 1.2 to 2.2 percent of Ti, 0.05 to 0.1 percent of Cu, 1.2 to 1.7 percent of Sn, 0.5 to 0.7 percent of Mn, 1.4 to 2.4 percent of Nb, 0.07 to 0.2 percent of Fe, 0.03 to 0.15 percent of Ni, 0.05 to 0.15 percent of Cr, 0.14 to 0.22 percent of V, 0.2 to 0.25 percent of Mo and the balance of Al. The preparation method comprises the steps of mechanically alloying through high-energy ball milling, and then carrying out microwave sintering, low-temperature rolling, vacuum annealing treatment and magnetic field deep cooling treatment. The invention realizes forced solid solution among atoms of different elements by optimizing the content of elements such as silicon, zirconium, copper, nickel, manganese and the like and adding chromium, vanadium, molybdenum and tin elements and by means of mechanical alloying, and refines grains, improves compactness, forms deformation stress reinforcement and improves the hardness and wear resistance of aluminum alloy by using a microwave sintering technology, a low-temperature rolling technology and a magnetic field deep cooling technology.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of aluminum alloy materials, and particularly relates to a novel high-wear-resistance aluminum alloy and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The aluminum alloy has low density, higher strength, good plasticity, capability of being processed into various sectional materials, excellent electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity and corrosion resistance, and is widely used in industry, and the use amount is inferior to that of steel; however, aluminum alloys generally have lower wear resistance and hardness than other alloys, which results in limited applicability.
With the increasing expansion of energy demands of countries around the world, materials with small density, high specific strength and high specific stiffness are increasingly valued by designers and material science and technology workers; at present, the light-weight materials studied in various countries in the world mainly comprise aluminum alloy, magnesium alloy, lithium alloy, titanium alloy and the like; because the aluminum has rich resources, and the aluminum alloy has the characteristics of small density, large strength-weight ratio, strong corrosion resistance, good processing performance and welding performance, and the like, the aluminum alloy has been widely applied to various fields of aviation, aerospace, automobiles, machinery, and the like; the aluminum is used for replacing steel, so that the weight of parts can be greatly reduced, the energy is saved, the cost is reduced, and the environmental pollution is reduced.
For aviation and aerospace products, an important link for improving the performances of an airplane, a missile and the like is weight reduction of structural parts of the aeronautical and aerospace products; the aluminum alloy is used as one of main structural materials of aviation products, and is suitable for casting and producing parts with complex shapes, high specific strength requirements and uniform overall performance requirements; in the modern automobile industry, the requirements on the weight reduction of automobiles are also more and more urgent due to the reasons of energy sources, environment and safety; aluminum alloy has been widely used as a preferred material for weight reduction of automobiles, such as chassis, body, engine, steering system, brake and various accessories of automobiles.
However, the aluminum alloy as a material of the mechanical component has the defects of low hardness, poor wear resistance, high friction coefficient, difficult lubrication and the like, and the application range of the aluminum alloy is greatly limited; because the surface of the aluminum alloy has poor wear resistance, the service life of the workpiece is shortened; the friction coefficient of the aluminum alloy surface is high, so that the self abrasion is accelerated, the energy loss is increased, and the abrasion of the dual materials is also caused; therefore, improving the tribological properties of the aluminum alloy surface is beneficial to saving energy, reducing cost, improving productivity and economic benefit.
In recent years, in order to improve the tribological properties of the aluminum alloy surface, many scholars have performed some surface treatments on the aluminum alloy, and the surface treatment methods mainly include surface spraying, magnetron sputtering, laser cladding, bonding solid lubricants, anodic oxidation, micro-arc oxidation and the like; although the surface spraying process is simpler, the hardness, compactness and film base binding force of the obtained film layer are generally difficult to achieve ideal effects; magnetron sputtering and laser cladding often require higher processing temperatures, which can easily cause degradation of the substrate, and the cost of both processes is too high; the solid lubricant film adhered on the aluminum alloy matrix has no certain hardness and is not suitable for heavy duty working condition application conditions; the thickness and hardness of the anodic oxide film are not enough, the pretreatment process is complex, and the temperature requirement of the pretreatment process is strict; the micro-arc oxidation has the defects of unavoidable micropores, microcracks, rough surface, poor acid corrosion resistance of main materials and the like due to the special film forming principle and film forming process, and the improvement of the performance of the micro-arc oxidation film is limited.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a novel high-wear-resistance aluminum alloy and a preparation method thereof, and solves the problems of poor wear resistance and low hardness of the existing aluminum alloy.
The invention aims at realizing the following technical scheme:
the preparation method of the wear-resistant aluminum alloy is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
weighing aluminum alloy powder in the step (1): the powder of Si, zr, ti, cu, sn, mn, nb, fe, ni, cr, V, mo is mixed according to the following weight percentage, 10.4-11.8% of Si, 1.5-2.5% of Zr, 1.2-2.2% of Ti, 0.05-0.1% of Cu, 1.2-1.7% of Sn, 0.5-0.7% of Mn, 1.4-2.4% of Nb, 0.07-0.2% of Fe, 0.03-0.15% of Ni, 0.05-0.15% of Cr, 0.14-0.22% of V, 0.2-0.25% of Mo and the balance of Al; the granularity of the powder is 100-200 meshes;
and (2) high-energy ball milling alloying: loading the mixed metal powder into a zirconia ball milling tank, vacuumizing the ball milling tank, and performing ball milling and drying by adopting a planetary ball mill to obtain alloyed aluminum alloy powder;
and (3) cold isostatic pressing: placing the aluminum alloy powder prepared in the step (2) into a rubber mold for cold isostatic pressing, and maintaining the static pressure at 400MPa for 30min to obtain a green body;
and (4) microwave sintering: placing the green body obtained in the step (3) into a microwave sintering muffle furnace for microwave sintering;
and (5) low-temperature rolling: soaking the microwave sintering sample obtained in the step (4) in liquid nitrogen, and then rolling at a low temperature;
and (6) vacuum annealing: carrying out vacuum annealing treatment on the sample subjected to low-temperature rolling in the step (5);
and (7) performing magnetic field cryogenic treatment: and (3) placing the sample obtained in the step (6) in a magnetic field to perform cryogenic treatment.
Further, in the step (2), during ball grinding, ball milling balls are mixed according to the mass ratio of 15mm big balls, 10mm middle balls and 5mm small balls of 1:2:4, the ball-material ratio is 5:1, the ball milling medium is absolute ethyl alcohol, and the ratio of the absolute ethyl alcohol to the powder is 3:5.
Further, the ball milling rotating speed is 320-400 r/min, and the ball milling time is 8-12 hours; and after ball milling is finished, drying the prepared alloy powder by using a vacuum drying oven at the drying temperature of 70-80 ℃ for 36h.
Further, parameters adopted in the microwave sintering in the step (4) are as follows: the temperature rising rate is 35-50 ℃/min, the sintering temperature is 570-700 ℃, and the sintering time is 60-80 min.
Further, soaking the sample in liquid nitrogen for 10-20 min before rolling in the step (5), and reducing the temperature of the sample to the temperature of the liquid nitrogen; spraying liquid nitrogen on a roller in the rolling process; the rolling deformation is 10-70%.
Further, the vacuum annealing in the step (6) is: step annealing is adopted under the vacuum condition, wherein the first step is carried out at 400-500 ℃ for 1-3 h, then air cooling is carried out to room temperature, the second step is carried out at 220-300 ℃ for 20-40 min, and then air cooling is carried out to room temperature.
Further, the magnetic field adopted in the magnetic field cryogenic treatment in the step (7) is a pulse magnetic field, the magnetic induction intensity is 2.5-3T, and the pulse number is 30 times.
Further, the temperature of the magnetic field cryogenic treatment in the step (7) is between-110 ℃ and-196 ℃, and the cryogenic time is between 24 and 48 hours.
The wear-resistant aluminum alloy prepared by the preparation method.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
1) The invention improves the hardness and the wear resistance of the alloy by multi-element microalloying, and the wear resistance of the aluminum alloy can be obviously improved by adding elements of silicon, zirconium, titanium, copper, tin, manganese, niobium, iron, nickel, chromium, vanadium and molybdenum into the alloy. Compared with the existing aluminum-silicon cast wear-resistant aluminum alloy, aluminum-zinc-magnesium-copper high-strength wear-resistant aluminum alloy, the aluminum-copper high-strength wear-resistant aluminum alloy does not use rare earth and alkali metal modificators such as yttrium, strontium and the like which are less in resources and high in price, and reduces environmental pollution and cost; according to the invention, the contents of elements such as silicon, zirconium, copper, nickel and manganese are optimized, chromium, vanadium, molybdenum and tin are added, and the elements and aluminum, silicon, zirconium, copper, nickel and manganese are easy to generate high-strength and high-toughness wear-resistant alloy by a mechanical alloying method; the tensile strength of the material is improved to more than 800MPa, the tensile strength is improved by more than about 30 percent compared with the existing high-strength aluminum alloy, the alloy hardness is high, the dispersion strengthening phase is tiny, and the wear resistance is obviously improved by about 18.09 percent compared with seven-system wear-resistant aluminum alloy.
2) Compared with the traditional melting preparation method, the mechanical alloying used in the invention is a compound technology which can carry out forced solid solution between atoms of different elements by an unbalanced means and finally obtain alloy powder with fine grains and uniform distribution of components and tissues; the mechanical alloying has the advantages that the melting point problem of raw materials is not considered, the problems of over high melting temperature and over large melting point difference can be effectively solved, the obtained alloy components are uniform and have no segregation, the alloy prepared by the method has no shrinkage cavity problem, the grain size of the alloy is relatively small, and the hardness and the wear resistance of the aluminum alloy can be effectively improved.
3) In the invention, the microwave sintering technology is used, which has the advantage of low-temperature rapid sintering, and can lead the inside of the material to form uniform fine crystal structure and high compactness, thereby improving the material performance; meanwhile, when the microwave sintering is used for heating, temperature difference is hardly generated in each part of the material, particles are uniformly distributed in the powder, defects such as segregation and the like are hardly generated, and the performance of the aluminum alloy is greatly improved.
4) In the invention, liquid nitrogen low-temperature rolling is used, and along with the improvement of rolling deformation, the strength and plasticity of the material are improved simultaneously, the strength is improved because the dislocation density is increased due to plastic deformation, and the plasticity is improved because the high-density pre-existing dislocation is started under the action of stress to form nanocrystalline and sub-crystal.
5) In the invention, the twin crystal and sub-crystal structure generation is promoted, the phase change is promoted, and the material density is improved, so that the wear resistance of the material is improved.
Detailed Description
For a better understanding of the technical solutions of the present invention, these examples are intended only to illustrate the present invention and do not limit the scope of the present invention in any way; in the following examples, various processes and methods, which are not described in detail, are conventional methods well known in the art.
The microhardness test of the aluminum alloy is carried out on a digital display microhardness meter; the abrasion test of the aluminum alloy is carried out on an MMU-5GA microcomputer control high-temperature friction abrasion tester; sample size 4.8mm by 12.7mm pin sample, the counter-ground material was GCr15 steel processed into a D54mm by 8mm disk sample; dry sliding friction and abrasion are adopted, the experimental temperature is 25 ℃, the load is 150N, the rotation speed is 50r/min, and the abrasion time is 20min; abrasion resistance is expressed in terms of loss in abrasion weight.
Example 1:
the composition of the wear-resistant aluminum alloy in this embodiment is: 10.4% Si, 1.5% Zr, 1.2% Ti, 0.05% Cu, 1.2% Sn, 0.5% Mn, 1.4% Nb, 0.07% Fe, 0.03% Ni, 0.05% Cr, 0.14% V, 0.2% Mo, and the balance Al.
The preparation method of the wear-resistant aluminum alloy comprises the following steps:
step (1), preparing aluminum alloy powder:
si, zr, ti, cu, sn, mn, nb, fe, ni, cr, V, mo powders, all of which have a particle size of 100-200 mesh and a purity of 99.9%, are formulated according to the mass percent composition of claim 1.
Step (2), high-energy ball milling alloying:
loading the metal powder prepared according to the step (1) into a zirconia ball milling tank, vacuumizing the ball milling tank, and performing ball milling by adopting a planetary ball mill, wherein the grinding balls are classified into three grades and large balls according to the diameter: 15mm; medium ball: 10mm; a small ball: 5mm, wherein the ball milling ball number ratio is 1:2:4, the ball material ratio is 5:1, the ball milling medium is absolute ethyl alcohol, the ratio of absolute ethyl alcohol to powder is 3:5, the ball milling rotating speed is 400r/min, and the ball milling time is 10 hours; and after ball milling is finished, drying the prepared alloy powder by using a vacuum drying oven at the drying temperature of 75 ℃ for 36 hours to obtain alloyed powder.
Step (3), cold isostatic pressing:
and (3) placing the alloyed powder prepared in the step (2) into a rubber mold for cold isostatic pressing, and maintaining the static pressure at 400MPa for 30min to obtain a green body.
Step (4), microwave sintering:
and (3) placing the green body obtained in the step (3) into a microwave sintering muffle furnace for microwave sintering, wherein the sintering temperature is 570 ℃, the sintering time is 80min, and the heating rate is 35 ℃/min.
Step (5), low-temperature rolling:
and (3) immersing the microwave sintering sample obtained in the step (4) in liquid nitrogen for 10min, and then performing low-temperature rolling, wherein the rolling deformation is 20%.
Step (6), vacuum annealing:
and (3) carrying out vacuum annealing treatment on the sample subjected to low-temperature rolling in the step (5), and adopting step annealing under vacuum conditions, wherein the first step is carried out at 400 ℃, the heat preservation time is 2 hours, then air cooling is carried out to room temperature, the second step is carried out at 220 ℃, the heat preservation time is 30 minutes, and then air cooling is carried out to room temperature.
Step (7), magnetic field cryogenic treatment:
placing the sample obtained in the step (6) into a magnetic field for cryogenic treatment, wherein the magnetic field is a pulse magnetic field, the magnetic induction intensity is 2.5T, and the pulse number is 30 times; the temperature of the cryogenic treatment is-110 ℃, and the cryogenic time is 24 hours.
The aluminum alloy prepared in example 1 was subjected to a frictional wear test and a microhardness test, and the experimental results are shown in table 1.
Example 2:
the composition of the wear-resistant aluminum alloy of this embodiment is: 10.9% Si, 2% Zr, 1.7% Ti, 0.07% Cu, 1.5% Sn, 0.6% Mn, 1..7% Nb, 0.15% Fe, 0.12% Ni, 0.1% Cr, 0.19% V, 0.21% Mo, the balance being Al.
The preparation method of the wear-resistant aluminum alloy comprises the following steps:
step (1), preparing aluminum alloy powder:
si, zr, ti, cu, sn, mn, nb, fe, ni, cr, V, mo powders, all of which have a particle size of 100-200 mesh and a purity of 99.9%, are formulated according to the mass percent composition of claim 1.
Step (2), high-energy ball milling alloying:
loading the metal powder prepared according to the step (1) into a zirconia ball milling tank, vacuumizing the ball milling tank, and performing ball milling by adopting a planetary ball mill, wherein the grinding balls are classified into three grades and large balls according to the diameter: 15mm; medium ball: 10mm; a small ball: 5mm, wherein the ball milling ball number ratio is 1:2:4, the ball material ratio is 5:1, the ball milling medium is absolute ethyl alcohol, the ratio of absolute ethyl alcohol to powder is 3:5, the ball milling rotating speed is 400r/min, and the ball milling time is 10 hours; and after ball milling is finished, drying the prepared alloy powder by using a vacuum drying oven at the drying temperature of 75 ℃ for 36 hours to obtain alloyed powder.
Step (3), cold isostatic pressing:
and (3) placing the alloyed powder prepared in the step (2) into a rubber mold for cold isostatic pressing, and maintaining the static pressure at 400MPa for 30min to obtain a green body.
Step (4), microwave sintering:
and (3) placing the green body obtained in the step (3) into a microwave sintering muffle furnace for microwave sintering, wherein the sintering temperature is 620 ℃, the sintering time is 70min, and the heating rate is 40 ℃/min.
Step (5), low-temperature rolling:
and (3) immersing the microwave sintering sample obtained in the step (4) in liquid nitrogen for 15min, and then performing low-temperature rolling, wherein the rolling deformation is 45%.
Step (6), vacuum annealing:
and (3) carrying out vacuum annealing treatment on the sample subjected to low-temperature rolling in the step (5), and adopting step annealing under vacuum conditions, wherein the first step is carried out at 450 ℃, the heat preservation time is 1h, then air cooling is carried out to room temperature, the second step is carried out at 250 ℃, the heat preservation time is 20min, and then air cooling is carried out to room temperature.
Step (7), magnetic field cryogenic treatment:
placing the sample obtained in the step (6) into a magnetic field for cryogenic treatment, wherein the magnetic field is a pulse magnetic field, the magnetic induction intensity is 3T, and the pulse number is 30 times; the temperature of the cryogenic treatment is-196 ℃, and the cryogenic time is 36h.
The aluminum alloy prepared in example 2 was subjected to a frictional wear test and a microhardness test, and the experimental results are shown in table 1.
Comparative example 1:
to illustrate the technical effects of the present invention, commercial 7075 aluminum alloy was selected for performance comparison experiments, and comparative example 1 was a commercial 7075 wrought aluminum alloy, which was subjected to frictional wear tests and microhardness tests, the method being detailed in the detailed description, and the experimental results being shown in table 1.
Comparative example 2:
the aluminum alloy casting blank is prepared by adopting the aluminum alloy components which are completely the same as those in the embodiment 1 and adopting the traditional method for producing the wear-resistant aluminum alloy by smelting alloying, blowing refining, semi-continuous casting forming and T6 heat treatment, the performance test experiment which is completely the same as that in the embodiment 1 is carried out on a casting blank sample, the experimental comparison data of the comparison example 2 are obtained, and the comparison result is summarized in the table 1, so that the wear resistance and the hardness of the material are obviously improved by adopting the preparation method of the invention.
Comparative example 3:
the 7075 aluminum alloy block is obtained by adopting the 7075 aluminum alloy component which is completely the same as that of the comparative example 1, the preparation process is completely the same as that of the example 2, the 7075 aluminum alloy block is obtained, the sample of the comparative example 3 is taken for carrying out the performance test experiment which is completely the same as that of the example 2, the experimental comparison data of the comparative example 3 are obtained, and the experimental comparison data are summarized in the table 1, and the wear resistance and the hardness of the material are obviously improved by adopting the preparation method of the invention.
TABLE 1 Friction wear Properties and microhardness of different aluminum alloys
As can be seen from the comparison of the performance test results of the examples and the comparative examples in Table 1, the wear-resistant aluminum alloy and the preparation method according to the present invention have the advantages of the present commercial wear-resistant aluminum alloy in terms of both composition and preparation method, and represent the advancement of the present invention, that is, according to the present invention, an aluminum alloy having high wear resistance can be prepared.
The examples are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and any obvious modifications, substitutions or variations that can be made by one skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention are within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. The preparation method of the wear-resistant aluminum alloy is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
weighing aluminum alloy powder in the step (1): the powder of Si, zr, ti, cu, sn, mn, nb, fe, ni, cr, V, mo is mixed according to the following weight percentage, 10.4-11.8% of Si, 1.5-2.5% of Zr, 1.2-2.2% of Ti, 0.05-0.1% of Cu, 1.2-1.7% of Sn, 0.5-0.7% of Mn, 1.4-2.4% of Nb, 0.07-0.2% of Fe, 0.03-0.15% of Ni, 0.05-0.15% of Cr, 0.14-0.22% of V, 0.2-0.25% of Mo and the balance of Al;
and (2) high-energy ball milling alloying: loading the mixed metal powder into a zirconia ball milling tank, vacuumizing the ball milling tank, and performing ball milling and drying by adopting a planetary ball mill to obtain alloyed aluminum alloy powder;
and (3) cold isostatic pressing: placing the aluminum alloy powder prepared in the step (2) into a rubber mold for cold isostatic pressing to prepare a green body;
and (4) microwave sintering: placing the green body obtained in the step (3) into a microwave sintering muffle furnace for microwave sintering, wherein the sintering temperature is 570-700 ℃;
and (5) low-temperature rolling: soaking the microwave sintering sample obtained in the step (4) in liquid nitrogen to reduce the temperature of the sample to the temperature of the liquid nitrogen; then carrying out low-temperature rolling, and spraying liquid nitrogen on a roller in the rolling process; the rolling deformation is 10% -70%;
and (6) vacuum annealing: carrying out vacuum annealing treatment on the sample subjected to low-temperature rolling in the step (5); the vacuum annealing is as follows: step annealing is adopted under the vacuum condition, wherein the first step is carried out at 400-500 ℃ for 1-3 h, then air cooling is carried out to room temperature, the second step is carried out at 220-300 ℃ for 20-40 min, and then air cooling is carried out to room temperature;
and (7) performing magnetic field cryogenic treatment: placing the sample obtained in the step (6) into a magnetic field for cryogenic treatment; the magnetic field adopted by the magnetic field cryogenic treatment is a pulse magnetic field, the magnetic induction intensity is 2.5-3T, and the pulse number is 30 times; the temperature of the magnetic field cryogenic treatment is between 110 ℃ below zero and 196 ℃ below zero, and the cryogenic time is between 24 and 48 hours.
2. The method for producing a wear-resistant aluminum alloy according to claim 1, wherein: the particle size of the powder in the step (1) is 100-200 meshes.
3. The method for producing a wear-resistant aluminum alloy according to claim 1, wherein: in the step (2), during ball grinding, ball milling balls are mixed according to the mass ratio of 1:2:4 of the number of 15mm big balls, 10mm middle balls and 5mm small balls, the ball-material ratio is 5:1, the ball milling medium is absolute ethyl alcohol, and the ratio of the absolute ethyl alcohol to the powder is 3:5.
4. The method for producing a wear-resistant aluminum alloy according to claim 1, wherein: in the step (2), the ball milling rotating speed is 320-400 r/min, and the ball milling time is 8-12 hours; and after ball milling is finished, drying the prepared alloy powder by using a vacuum drying oven at the drying temperature of 70-80 ℃ for 36h.
5. The method for producing a wear-resistant aluminum alloy according to claim 1, wherein: the parameters adopted in the microwave sintering in the step (4) are as follows: the temperature rising rate is 35-50 ℃/min, and the sintering time is 60-80 min.
6. The method for producing a wear-resistant aluminum alloy according to claim 1, wherein: and (5) soaking the sample in liquid nitrogen for 10-20 min before rolling.
7. A wear resistant aluminum alloy made by the method of any of claims 1-6.
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