CN109868381B - Preparation method of high-volume-fraction tungsten particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite material - Google Patents
Preparation method of high-volume-fraction tungsten particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite material Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of a high volume fraction tungsten particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite material, which comprises the following steps: (1) pretreating tungsten powder in a double-cone mixer to obtain pretreated tungsten powder; (2) mixing the pretreated tungsten powder and the aluminum powder according to a ratio, and uniformly mixing by using a double-cone mixer to obtain composite powder; (3) carrying out cold isostatic pressing on the composite powder, wherein the cold isostatic pressing pressure is 50-200 MPa, and the pressure maintaining time is 10-40 min, so as to obtain a cold isostatic pressing billet; (4) the cold isostatic pressing billet is arranged in an aluminum sheath and is formed by a hot isostatic pressing sintering method, so that the hot isostatic pressing state tungsten particle reinforced aluminum-based composite material is obtained; (5) and placing the obtained hot isostatic pressing state tungsten particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite material in a high-pressure-resistant rapid heating test bed for vacuum isothermal forging and hot deformation treatment. The composite material prepared by the method has the advantages of high density, uniform distribution of the reinforcing phase, good comprehensive mechanical property and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a preparation method of a high-volume-fraction tungsten particle-reinforced aluminum-based composite material, belonging to the technical field of preparation of particle-reinforced aluminum-based composite materials.
Background
The particle reinforced aluminum-based composite material generally has the advantages of high specific strength, high specific modulus, fatigue resistance, high-temperature creep resistance, heat resistance, good wear resistance, high thermal conductivity, low expansion coefficient, adjustable components, low density and the like, and is widely applied to the fields of aviation, aerospace, land transportation, electronic information and the like. For example, SiC/Al composites have found applications in the fields of helicopter rotors, electronic and optical device mounts and housings, automotive pistons and brake pads, and the like. Materials for electronic packaging, e.g. B4The C/Al composite material is used for nuclear fuel storage shelves, and the diamond/Al composite material is used for heat management materials and the like.
The high volume fraction aluminum matrix composite material mainly utilizes the characteristics of the reinforcing phase, and meets the special application of high-end equipment. For example, the 30-70 vol% SiC/Al composite material has the advantages of high heat conduction and low thermal expansion, and can be applied to the field of electronic packaging; boron has a high thermal neutron absorption cross section, so 30-75 vol% B4The C/Al composite material is used for shielding a nuclear power station and a spent fuel storage grillwork; the diamond has extremely high thermal conductivity, so that the 40-70 vol% diamond/Al composite material is widely applied to the field of thermal management.
Patent document CN104946911B discloses preparation of B by pressure infiltration4C/Al composite material, patent document CN107177746A, and SiC prepared by argon-protected vacuum sintering methodpThe volume fraction of the reinforcing phase of the W/Al composite material prepared by adopting a powder mixing-hot isostatic pressing forming method in patent document CN105401001B can reach more than 50%. Along with the increase of the volume fraction of the reinforcing phase, the plasticity of the composite material is poor, particularly the plasticity of the high volume fraction aluminum-based composite material is generally lower than 2%, the toughness is also poor, and the design, processing and application of the composite material are greatly limited.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a preparation method of a tungsten particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite material with high volume fraction aiming at the defect of poor plasticity of the existing particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite material with high volume fraction.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a preparation method of a tungsten particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite material with high volume fraction comprises the following steps:
(1) placing tungsten powder in a double-cone mixer, mixing the tungsten powder with ethanol as a mixing medium for 10 hours at a weight ratio of grinding balls to powder of 1:1, and vacuum-drying for 10 hours to obtain pretreated tungsten powder;
(2) mixing the pretreated tungsten powder and aluminum powder according to the volume ratio of 30-50% of tungsten powder to 70-50% of aluminum powder, uniformly mixing the powder by using a double-cone mixer under the protection of argon, wherein the weight ratio of grinding balls to the powder is 1:1, and the mixing time is 10-24 hours, so as to obtain composite powder;
(3) carrying out cold isostatic pressing on the composite powder to obtain a cold isostatic pressing billet;
(4) placing the cold isostatic pressing billet in a pre-made aluminum sheath, and keeping the vacuum degree at 400 ℃ to be lower than 1 × 10-3Sealing under the condition of Pa, preserving heat for 2 hours under the conditions that the temperature is 500-550 ℃ and the pressure is 100-200 MPa by using a hot isostatic pressing sintering method, cooling along with a furnace to realize the molding of the composite material, and turning off an aluminum skin on the surface by using a lathe to obtain the hot isostatic pressing state tungsten particle reinforced aluminum-based composite material;
(5) placing the obtained hot isostatic pressing state tungsten particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite material in a high-pressure-resistant rapid heating test bed, wherein the vacuum degree in a furnace is less than or equal to 1 multiplied by 10-2Heating to 550 ℃ at a heating rate of 8 ℃/min under the condition of Pa, keeping the temperature for 2 hours, and then forging and pressing the blank at the pressure of 70-200 MPa under the condition of 550 ℃ for 0.001s-1～0.01s-1The strain rate of the strain is upset and deformed, and the deformation amount is 20-50%; and cooling the forged sample to room temperature along with the furnace.
Preferably, in the step (3), a rubber sheath is adopted to isolate the hydraulic medium from the composite powder during cold isostatic pressing, the cold isostatic pressure is 50MPa to 200MPa, and the pressure maintaining time is 10min to 40 min.
Preferably, in the step (4), the temperature rise rate is not higher than 10 ℃/min.
Preferably, the purity of the tungsten powder is more than 99%, and the particle size (D50) is 7-8 μm.
Preferably, the purity of the aluminum powder is more than 99.5%, and the particle size (D50) is 7-8 μm.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the invention, through the powder particle size optimization, the powder surface treatment and the vacuum isothermal forging process, the comprehensive mechanical properties such as elongation and the like of the high volume fraction aluminum matrix composite are obviously improved, and the application range of the high volume fraction aluminum matrix composite is expanded. Specifically, the particle size difference of the matrix and the reinforcing phase powder is reduced by optimizing the proportion of the particle sizes of the matrix and the reinforcing phase powder, the distribution uniformity of macro and micro reinforcing phases of an isostatic pressing state sample is ensured, and the thermal deformation capability of the hot isostatic pressing state aluminum-based composite material is improved; the tungsten powder is subjected to dispersion pretreatment, so that the tungsten powder is changed into monodisperse particles from an agglomerated chain shape, and the sintering activity and the dispersion uniformity of the tungsten powder in the composite material are improved; the composite material is subjected to vacuum isothermal forging and hot deformation treatment, so that the elongation of the aluminum matrix composite material is greatly improved.
The density of the high-volume-fraction W/Al composite material prepared by the method is more than 99.5%, the room-temperature tensile strength is more than 220MPa, the yield strength is more than 140MPa, the elongation is 5-8%, and the room-temperature impact toughness is more than 4.5 j.cm-2The composite material has excellent comprehensive performance and great application potential.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a sectional scanning electron microscope micrograph of the high volume fraction tungsten particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite prepared in example 1 of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a scanning electron microscope micrograph of a fracture of the high volume fraction tungsten particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite prepared in example 1 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the figures and the embodiments. However, the following examples are only illustrative of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention shall include the full contents of the claims, and not be limited to the following examples.
Example 1
In this embodiment, the tungsten particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite material is composed of, by mass, 85% of tungsten and 15% of pure aluminum matrix (45% of tungsten and 55% of pure aluminum matrix), and the preparation method of the tungsten particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite material is performed according to the following steps:
weighing 8.5kg of tungsten powder with the particle size (D50) of 7-8 mu m, wherein the mass ratio of a stainless steel grinding ball to the tungsten powder is 1:1, ethanol is used as a mixing medium, a double-cone mixer is used for mixing for 10 hours, and the tungsten powder subjected to pre-dispersion treatment is obtained after vacuum drying for 10 hours; 8.5kg of tungsten powder subjected to pre-dispersion treatment is mixed with 1.5kg of pure aluminum powder with the particle size (D50) of 7-8 mu m, and the mixture is mixed for 10 hours by using a double-cone mixer under the protection of argon gas to obtain composite powder. A rubber sheath is adopted to isolate a hydraulic medium (anti-wear hydraulic oil) from the composite powder, and the preforming of the composite powder is realized under the cold isostatic pressing conditions of the pressure of 100MPa and the pressure maintaining time of 25 min. Placing the cold-pressed billet in a pre-prepared aluminum sheath at 400 deg.C and vacuum degree of less than 1 × 10-3And sealing under the condition of Pa, wherein the degassing time is not less than 10 hours. The temperature is raised to 550 ℃ at the heating rate of 10 ℃/min, and the temperature is kept for 2 hours under the hot isostatic pressing condition with the pressure of 200 MPa. And cooling to room temperature along with the furnace, and turning off the surface aluminum skin to obtain the hot isostatic pressing state high volume fraction tungsten particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite. Placing the hot isostatic pressing state high volume fraction tungsten particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite material in a high pressure resistant rapid heating test bed, wherein the vacuum degree in a furnace is less than or equal to 1 multiplied by 10-2Heating to 550 ℃ at the heating rate of 8 ℃/min under the condition of Pa, and preserving heat for 2 hours. Forging the billet at 550 ℃ under a pressure of 70MPa to 200MPa for 0.001s-1～0.01s-1The strain rate of (2) is upset and deformed, the deformation is 27%, and the forged sample is cooled to room temperature along with the furnace. The density of the obtained 45 vol% W/Al composite material is 99.6%, the section microstructure of the composite material is shown in figure 1, the section microstructure of the fracture is shown in figure 2, the composite material is seen to have compact structure and uniform distribution of the reinforcing phase, and the tensile strength of the composite material at room temperature is 256MPa, yield strength of 169MPa, elongation of 5%, and impact toughness of 4.5 j.cm-2。
Example 2
The present embodiment is different from embodiment 1 in that: the vacuum isothermal forging deformation was 36%.
The density of the obtained 45 vol% W/Al composite material is 99.8%, the tensile strength of the composite material at room temperature is 250MPa, the yield strength is 179MPa, the elongation is 6%, and the impact toughness is 4.9 j.cm-2。
Example 3
The present embodiment is different from embodiment 1 in that: the mass of the tungsten powder is 7.95kg, the mass of the pure aluminum powder is 2.05kg, and the deformation of the vacuum isothermal forging is 26 percent.
The density of the obtained 35 vol% W/Al composite material is 99.9%, the room-temperature tensile strength of the composite material is 224MPa, the yield strength is 148MPa, and the elongation is 7%.
Example 4
The present embodiment is different from embodiment 3 in that: the vacuum isothermal forging deformation was 41%.
The density of the obtained 35 vol% W/Al composite material is 99.9%, the tensile strength of the composite material at room temperature is 225MPa, the yield strength is 143MPa, and the elongation is 8%.
Claims (3)
1. A preparation method of a tungsten particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite material with high volume fraction is characterized in that the method comprises the following steps:
(1) placing tungsten powder in a double-cone mixer, wherein the purity of the tungsten powder is more than 99%, and the particle size D50 is 7-8 mu m; mixing the grinding balls and the powder material according to the weight ratio of 1:1 by using ethanol as a mixing medium for 10 hours, and performing vacuum drying for 10 hours to obtain pretreated tungsten powder;
(2) mixing the pretreated tungsten powder and aluminum powder according to the volume ratio of 30-50% of tungsten powder to 70-50% of aluminum powder, wherein the purity of the aluminum powder is more than 99.5%, and the particle size D50 is 7-8 mu m; uniformly mixing the powder by using a double-cone mixer under the protection of argon, wherein the weight ratio of the grinding balls to the powder is 1:1, and the mixing time is 10-24 hours, so as to obtain composite powder;
(3) carrying out cold isostatic pressing on the composite powder to obtain a cold isostatic pressing billet;
(4) placing the cold isostatic pressing billet in a pre-made aluminum sheath, and keeping the vacuum degree at 400 ℃ to be lower than 1 × 10-3Sealing under the condition of Pa, preserving heat for 2 hours under the conditions that the temperature is 500-550 ℃ and the pressure is 100-200 MPa by using a hot isostatic pressing sintering method, cooling along with a furnace to realize the molding of the composite material, and turning off an aluminum skin on the surface by using a lathe to obtain the hot isostatic pressing state tungsten particle reinforced aluminum-based composite material;
(5) placing the obtained hot isostatic pressing state tungsten particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite material in a high-pressure-resistant rapid heating test bed, wherein the vacuum degree in a furnace is less than or equal to 1 multiplied by 10-2Heating to 550 ℃ at a heating rate of 8 ℃/min under the condition of Pa, keeping the temperature for 2 hours, and then forging and pressing the blank at the pressure of 70-200 MPa under the condition of 550 ℃ for 0.001s-1～0.01s-1The strain rate of the strain is upset and deformed, and the deformation amount is 20-50%; and cooling the forged sample to room temperature along with the furnace.
2. The method for preparing the high volume fraction tungsten particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite according to claim 1, wherein in the step (3), a rubber sheath is used for isolating the hydraulic medium from the composite powder during cold isostatic pressing, the cold isostatic pressing pressure is 50MPa to 200MPa, and the pressure maintaining time is 10min to 40 min.
3. The method for preparing a high volume fraction tungsten particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite according to claim 1, wherein in the step (4), the temperature rise rate is not higher than 10 ℃/min.
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| CN109706337B (en) * | 2018-12-28 | 2020-09-29 | 有研工程技术研究院有限公司 | Preparation method of tungsten particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite material |
| CN114921690B (en) * | 2021-09-30 | 2023-06-09 | 有研工程技术研究院有限公司 | High-energy electron radiation resistant aluminum-based composite shielding material and preparation method thereof |
| CN114042912B (en) * | 2021-11-12 | 2022-07-29 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Method for finely controlling mechanical properties of NiAl-based composite material through powder particle size |
| CN115896515B (en) * | 2022-12-14 | 2024-04-12 | 西安理工大学 | Preparation method of shell-like W-Al armor material |
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