CN109666815B - Preparation method and application of MAX phase enhanced nickel-based high-temperature lubricating composite material - Google Patents

Preparation method and application of MAX phase enhanced nickel-based high-temperature lubricating composite material Download PDF

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CN109666815B
CN109666815B CN201811619667.4A CN201811619667A CN109666815B CN 109666815 B CN109666815 B CN 109666815B CN 201811619667 A CN201811619667 A CN 201811619667A CN 109666815 B CN109666815 B CN 109666815B
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powder
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nial
composite material
temperature
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CN109666815A (en
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李博
高义民
李聪
郑巧玲
李烨飞
刘志伟
赵梓翔
赵四勇
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Xianyang Gazelle Valley New Material Technology Co ltd
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Guangxi Changcheng Mechanical Ltd By Share Ltd
Xian Jiaotong University
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    • C22C32/0047—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with carbides, nitrides, borides or silicides as the main non-metallic constituents
    • C22C32/0052—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with carbides, nitrides, borides or silicides as the main non-metallic constituents only carbides
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Abstract

The invention discloses a preparation method and application of MAX phase enhanced nickel-based high-temperature lubricating composite material3SiC2Ceramics, then on the prepared loose bulk Ti3SiC2The ceramic is crushed and ball-milled to obtain Ti3SiC2A ceramic powder; then sieving the Ti3SiC2Mechanically mixing the powder with NiAl powder, compacting and forming, and finally preparing the block NiAl-Ti by hot-pressing sintering3SiC2Composite material, bulk NiAl-Ti3SiC2NiAl and Ti in composite material3SiC2The phase content of (A) is 60-90% and 10-40%, respectively. The invention adopts a powder metallurgy method to prepare the NiAl composite high-temperature lubricating material, and the self-lubricating property of the NiAl composite high-temperature lubricating material is superior to that of graphite and MoS by hot-pressing and burning combination in the composite material2Ti of (A)3Si2And meanwhile, the NiAl alloy has excellent corrosion resistance and wear resistance and good bonding property, so that NiAl alloy powder is selected as a matrix of the composite material.

Description

Preparation method and application of MAX phase enhanced nickel-based high-temperature lubricating composite material
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of composite materials, and particularly relates to a preparation method and application of a novel MAX phase enhanced nickel-based high-temperature lubricating composite material.
Background
Along with the rapid development of modern industrial technology, particularly the development of space technology and aviation industry, the traditional lubricating grease can not meet the use requirements of extreme working conditions, and the solid lubricating material is produced at the same time. The solid lubricating material breaks through the service limit of the traditional grease lubrication, and realizes a good lubricating effect under severe working conditions such as ultra-high vacuum, strong radiation, high temperature, ultra-low temperature and other environments. The particle reinforced metal matrix composite material has the advantages that the strength of the material is improved and the wear resistance is improved by introducing the reinforcing phase which is dispersed into the matrix, the preparation process is simple, and the components and the structure are easy to control. However, the problems of poor interface bonding between the reinforcing phase and the matrix and the like still exist at present, so that the prepared solid lubricant with good metal wettability and pure interface bonding is the key for developing the high-performance solid lubricant. The invention starts from the component design, the structure regulation and the phase interface control of the composite material, combines the fine grain strengthening theory of the material with the high-temperature friction chemical reaction mechanism and the high-temperature friction chemical reaction mechanism, and adopts the powder metallurgy method to prepare the particle phase reinforced metal-based high-temperature lubricating composite material.
The nickel-based superalloy has the advantages of stable structure, thermal corrosion resistance, strong oxidation resistance, high service temperature and the like, has excellent mechanical properties at high temperature, and a NiO layer with excellent plasticity is obtained after the nickel surface layer is oxidized. Ternary layered ceramic material Ti3SiC2The composite material belongs to a typical MAX phase, has excellent performances of metal and ceramic due to special structure and chemical bond, and has higher rigidity, damage tolerance resistance, corrosion resistance and good high-temperature oxidation resistanceThermal shock resistance, crack self-healing and machinability; more importantly, the strong metal bond between Ti and C and the ionic bond and the metal bond between Ti and C endow the graphite and the MoS with better performance than the graphite and the MoS2Self-lubricating properties of, at the same time as Ti3SiC2The thermal expansion coefficient of the Ni-based alloy is matched with that of the metal Ni, so that the Ni-based alloy can be used as a novel reinforcing phase of the NiAl alloy. Therefore, the nickel-based high-temperature lubricating composite material has huge application prospect in the fields of friction and high-temperature lubrication and has a promoting effect on the development of tribology under severe working conditions.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a preparation method and an application of a novel MAX phase reinforced nickel-based high temperature lubricating composite material, aiming at the defects in the prior art, wherein the mechanical properties and the high temperature friction properties of the matrix material are effectively improved by taking MAX phase ceramic particles as a reinforcing phase.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a process for preparing MAX phase reinforced Ni-base high-temp lubricating composite material includes such steps as mechanically mixing Ti powder, Si powder and TiC powder, and powder metallurgy to obtain loose Ti block3SiC2Ceramics, then on the prepared loose bulk Ti3SiC2The ceramic is crushed and ball-milled to obtain Ti3SiC2A ceramic powder; then sieving the Ti3SiC2Mechanically mixing the powder with NiAl powder, compacting and forming, and finally preparing the block NiAl-Ti by hot-pressing sintering3SiC2Composite material, bulk NiAl-Ti3SiC2NiAl and Ti in composite material3SiC2The phase content of (A) is 60-90% and 10-40%, respectively.
Specifically, the molar ratio of the Ti powder, the Si powder and the TiC powder is 1:1: (1.8-2.5).
Further, the ball-to-material ratio of the Ti powder, the Si powder and the TiC powder subjected to mechanical mixing is (5-10): and 1, then placing Ti powder, Si powder and TiC powder in a ball milling tank for sealing, and carrying out ball milling for 3-6 h at the rotating speed of 20-100 r/min.
Specifically, Ti powder, Si powder and TiC powder which are uniformly mixed are pressed and molded,then drying for 1-4 h, placing the blank body in a vacuum sintering furnace, heating to 1300-1400 ℃ at the heating rate of 10-15 ℃/min, preserving heat for 1-30 min, then sintering under no pressure in a protective atmosphere, and cooling to room temperature along with the furnace to obtain loose block Ti3SiC2A ceramic.
Further, the green compact forming specifically comprises: screening the uniformly mixed Ti powder, Si powder and TiC powder through a 100-150-mesh sieve; and placing the sample in a graphite mold coated with boron nitride and with the thickness of 6-100 mm, applying a unidirectional load of 5-15 MPa in the direction vertical to the sample, and performing compression molding.
In particular, for the prepared bulk Ti3SiC2The ceramic crushing treatment specifically comprises the following steps: loose bulk Ti3SiC2And putting the ceramic into a jaw crusher to obtain powder particles with the particle size of less than 1-3 mm.
Specifically, the ball milling treatment specifically comprises the following steps: and (3) mixing the crushed particles with ball milling beads according to a ball material ratio (3-5): 1, putting the mixture and NiAl powder into a ball milling tank, injecting absolute ethyl alcohol with the same volume, and carrying out ball milling for 3-6 h at the rotating speed of 280-320 r/min.
In particular, Ti after sieving3SiC2The method comprises the following specific steps of mixing the powder with NiAl powder and then pressing and forming:
and (3) placing the ball-milled composite powder in a drying oven for drying at the temperature of 100-110 ℃ for 3-6 h, and then placing the ball-milled composite powder in a graphite grinding tool coated with boron nitride for cold pressing at the pressure of 280-320 MPa for 20-60 s.
Specifically, after the pressed compact is formed, hot-pressing sintering is carried out under the protection of argon, the heating rate is 10-20 ℃/min, the sintering temperature is 1200-1450 ℃, heat preservation is continuously carried out for 1-6 h, furnace cooling is carried out, and the block NiAl-Ti is prepared3SiC2A composite material.
The other technical scheme of the invention is that the prepared MAX phase reinforced nickel-based high-temperature lubricating composite material is applied to turbine shafts, foil air bearings, high-temperature bearings of thermodynamic machinery, cylinder liners and shaft sleeves of high thrust-weight ratio aircraft engines.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has at least the following beneficial effects:
the invention relates to a preparation method of MAX phase enhanced nickel-based high-temperature lubricating composite material, which adopts a powder metallurgy method to prepare a NiAl composite high-temperature lubricating material, and the self-lubricating performance of the NiAl composite high-temperature lubricating material is superior to that of graphite and MoS by hot-pressing and burning combination in the composite material2Ti of (A)3Si2The C-phase ceramic is prepared by selecting NiAl alloy powder as a matrix of a composite material, has excellent corrosion resistance and wear resistance, and has good bonding property, and in order to obtain better self-lubricating property and higher bonding strength of MAX phase and the matrix, NiAl and Ti are mixed3SiC2The phase content of the composite is controlled to be 60-80% and 20-40% respectively.
Furthermore, the molar ratio of the Ti powder to the Si powder to the TiC powder is 1:1 (1.8-2.5), and Ti is attempted to be generated through in-situ reaction3SiC2A phase ceramic.
Further, loose bulk Ti is obtained3SiC2The ceramic is easy to be broken into fine particles subsequently.
Further, cold pressing is carried out in a graphite grinding tool coated with boron nitride, and the powder is pressed into a compact whole, so that a phi 51 sample with a certain specification is obtained.
Further, the block material is crushed and sieved on a crusher to obtain particles of 1-3 mm, so that subsequent ball milling treatment is continued on a high-energy ball mill.
Furthermore, the anhydrous ethanol with the same volume is injected for ball milling, so that the agglomeration and cold welding among the particles can be prevented, the effect of a dispersing agent is achieved, and the particles are refined.
Furthermore, through sintering treatment, the powder particles are subjected to physical and chemical processes such as mutual flowing, diffusion, melting, recrystallization and the like, so that the powder body is further densified, part or all of pores in the powder body are eliminated, and a dense and uniform product is obtained.
Furthermore, the Ti3Si2C phase ceramic has excellent high-temperature mechanical property, oxidation resistance and corrosion resistance, unique self-lubricating property and higher bonding strength with NiAl, and provides a new opportunity for long-term service of the obtained material at high temperature.
To sum up the aboveThe invention adopts a powder metallurgy method to prepare the NiAl composite high-temperature lubricating material, and the self-lubricating property of the NiAl composite high-temperature lubricating material is superior to that of graphite and MoS by hot-pressing and burning combination in the composite material2Ti of (A)3Si2And meanwhile, the NiAl alloy has excellent corrosion resistance and wear resistance and good bonding property, so that NiAl alloy powder is selected as a matrix of the composite material.
The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail by the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows NiAl-Ti prepared in example 13SiC2The high-temperature lubricating composite material has a macroscopic microstructure;
FIG. 2 shows NiAl-Ti prepared in example 13SiC2The high-temperature lubricating composite material has a high-power microstructure.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a preparation method of a novel MAX phase enhanced nickel-based high-temperature lubricating composite material, which comprises the steps of mechanically mixing Ti powder, Si powder and TiC powder in a certain proportion, and preparing loose bulk Ti by using a powder metallurgy method3SiC2The ceramics are crushed and ball-milled on a crusher to obtain Ti3SiC2A ceramic powder; then sieving the Ti3SiC2Mechanically mixing the fine powder with NiAl powder, compacting and forming, and finally preparing the block NiAl-Ti by hot-pressing sintering3SiC2A composite material.
The invention relates to a preparation method of a novel MAX phase enhanced nickel-based high-temperature lubricating composite material, which synthesizes the nickel-based composite material by a powder metallurgy method, wherein MAX phase ceramic particles are used as an enhanced phase to effectively improve the mechanical property and high-temperature friction chemical property of a base material, so that the composite material shows excellent comprehensive properties, and the preparation method comprises the following specific steps:
s1, mixing the components in a molar ratio of Ti: si: weighing Ti powder, Si powder and TiC powder in a ratio of (5-10) to 1 in (1.8-2.5) of TiC to 1 in a ball milling tank, sealing, and ball milling for 3-6 h on a planetary ball mill at a rotating speed of 20-100 r/min;
in nickel-based high-temperature lubricating composite materialNiAl and Ti3SiC2The phase content is 60-90% and 10-40% respectively.
S2, forming the uniformly mixed powder pressed compact, placing the blank into a vacuum sintering furnace, heating to 1300-1400 ℃ at the heating rate of 10-15 ℃/min, preserving the heat for 1-30 min, sintering under the protective atmosphere and without pressure, and cooling to room temperature along with the furnace to obtain loose bulk Ti3SiC2A ceramic;
screening the uniformly mixed raw material powder through a 100-150-mesh sieve; and placing the sample in a graphite mold coated with boron nitride and having the thickness of 6-100 mm, applying a unidirectional load of 5-15 MPa in the direction vertical to the sample, performing compression molding, and drying in a drying oven for 1-4 hours.
S3, loosening bulk Ti3SiC2Putting the ceramic into a jaw crusher, crushing the ceramic into small particles with the particle size of 5-20 mm, and then continuously crushing the prepared small particles on the crusher to obtain powder particles with the particle size of less than 1-3 mm;
s4, mixing the crushed particles and ball milling beads according to a ball material ratio (3-5): 1, putting the mixture and NiAl powder into a ball milling tank, injecting absolute ethyl alcohol with the same volume, ball milling at a rotating speed of 280-320 r/min for 3-6 h, putting the uniformly mixed composite powder into a drying oven for drying at the temperature of 100-110 ℃ for 3-6 h, then putting the powder into a graphite grinding tool coated with boron nitride for cold pressing at the pressure of 280-320 MPa and the pressure maintaining time of 20-60S, then carrying out hot-pressing sintering in a vacuum sintering furnace under the protection of argon gas, wherein the heating rate is 10-20 ℃/min, the sintering temperature is 1200-1450 ℃, continuously preserving the heat for 1-6 h, and cooling along with the furnace to prepare the Niblock Al-Ti block3SiC2A composite material.
The MAX phase reinforced nickel-based high-temperature lubricating composite material can be applied to mechanical moving parts under the working condition conditions of extreme severe working conditions such as high-temperature-low-temperature alternate change, high speed and the like in the high and new technical fields such as aerospace, nuclear industry and the like. Such as a turbine shaft of an aircraft engine with high thrust-weight ratio, a foil air bearing, a high-temperature bearing of a thermal power machine, a cylinder liner, a shaft sleeve and the like.
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. The components of the embodiments of the present invention generally described and illustrated in the figures herein may be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations. Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention, presented in the figures, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
According to the molar ratio of different elements, Ti: si: weighing Ti powder, Si powder and TiC powder with a ball-material ratio of 5:1 in a ball-milling tank at a ratio of 1:1, sealing, and ball-milling for 3 hours on a planetary ball mill at a rotating speed of 20 r/min; screening the uniform raw material powder by using a 100-mesh sieve; placing in a 6mm graphite mold coated with boron nitride, applying a unidirectional load of 5MPa in the direction vertical to the sample, press-forming, drying in a drying oven for 1h, placing the blank in a vacuum sintering furnace, heating to 1300 ℃ at a heating rate of 10 ℃/min, keeping the temperature for 30min, sintering under no pressure in a protective atmosphere, cooling to room temperature along with the furnace to obtain loose bulk Ti3SiC2A ceramic; mixing Ti3SiC2Putting the ceramic into a jaw crusher, crushing the ceramic into small particles with the size of 5mm, and then continuously crushing the small particles to obtain particles with the size of less than 1 mm; with Ti3SiC2Weighing powder respectively accounting for 10% and 90% of NiAl, placing the powder and NiAl in a ball milling tank, injecting absolute ethyl alcohol with the same volume, ball milling for 3 hours at a rotating speed of 280r/min, wherein the ball material ratio is 3:1, uniformly mixing the powder, compacting and molding, placing the composite powder in a drying oven, drying at 100 ℃ for 3 hours, then placing the powder in a graphite grinding tool coated with boron nitride for cold pressing at a pressure of 280MPa and a pressure maintaining time of 20s, cold pressing in a graphite grinding tool coated with boron nitride, hot pressing and sintering in a vacuum sintering furnace under the protection of argon gas, wherein the temperature rising rate is 10 ℃/min, the sintering temperature is 1200 ℃, continuously preserving heat for 1 hour, cooling along with the furnace, preparing the composite material, and continuously preparing the composite materialNiAl-Ti block-out body3SiC2A composite material.
Referring to FIGS. 1 and 2, the NiAl-Ti shown in FIG. 13SiC2The microstructure of the high-temperature lubricating composite material is known, and the prepared composite material has uniform structure and components and no obvious defect; from FIG. 2NiAl-Ti3SiC2High-power microscopic observation of the high-temperature lubricating composite material shows that a great amount of Ti is dispersed and distributed in the NiAl matrix3SiC2Ceramic particles, increase the strength of the matrix due to Ti3SiC2The tribological performance of the composite material is tested on a UMT high-temperature friction tester, and the wear rate of the composite material at 750 ℃ is measured to be 9.5 × 10-5mm3N.m, coefficient of friction 0.27.
Example 2
According to the molar ratio of different elements, Ti: si: weighing Ti powder, Si powder and TiC powder with a ball-material ratio of 7:1 in a ball milling tank at 1:1:2, sealing, and ball milling for 4 hours on a planetary ball mill at a rotating speed of 50 r/min; screening the uniform raw material powder by a 120-mesh sieve; placing in a 60mm graphite mold coated with boron nitride, applying 10MPa unidirectional load in the direction vertical to the sample, press-forming, drying in a drying oven for 2h, placing the blank in a vacuum sintering furnace, heating to 1350 ℃ at the heating rate of 12 ℃/min, keeping the temperature for 15min, sintering under no pressure in a protective atmosphere, cooling to room temperature along with the furnace to obtain loose Ti block3SiC2A ceramic; mixing Ti3SiC2Putting the ceramic into a jaw crusher, crushing the ceramic into small particles with the particle size of 10mm, and then continuously crushing the small particles to obtain particles with the particle size of less than 2 mm; ti3SiC2Weighing powder respectively accounting for 20% and 80% of NiAl, placing the powder and NiAl in a ball milling tank, injecting absolute ethyl alcohol with the same volume, ball milling for 4 hours at a rotating speed of 300r/min, wherein the ball material ratio is 4:1, uniformly mixing the powder, compacting and molding the powder, placing the composite powder in a drying oven, drying the powder at 105 ℃ for 5 hours, then placing the powder in a graphite grinding tool coated with boron nitride for cold pressing at a pressure of 300MPa and a pressure maintaining time of 40s, cold pressing the powder in the graphite grinding tool coated with boron nitride, and hot-pressing and sintering the powder in a vacuum sintering furnace under the protection of argon gas at a temperature rising rate of 15 ℃/min, the sintering temperature is 1300 ℃, the heat preservation is continuously carried out for 4h, and the block NiAl-Ti is prepared by furnace cooling3SiC2The tribological performance of the composite material is tested on a UMT high-temperature friction tester, and the wear rate of the composite material at 750 ℃ is 8.0 × 10-5mm3N.m, coefficient of friction 0.26.
Example 3
According to the molar ratio of different elements, Ti: si: weighing Ti powder, Si powder and TiC powder with a ball-material ratio of 10:1 in a ball milling tank at 1:1:2.5, sealing, and ball milling for 6 hours on a planetary ball mill at a rotating speed of 100 r/min; screening the uniform raw material powder by using a 150-mesh sieve; placing in a 100mm graphite mold coated with boron nitride, applying a 15MPa unidirectional load in the direction perpendicular to the sample, press-forming, drying in a drying oven for 4h, placing the blank in a vacuum sintering furnace, heating to 1400 ℃ at a heating rate of 15 ℃/min, keeping the temperature for 1min, sintering under no pressure in a protective atmosphere, cooling to room temperature along with the furnace to obtain loose bulk Ti3SiC2A ceramic; mixing Ti3SiC2Putting the ceramic into a jaw crusher, crushing the ceramic into small particles with the particle size of 20mm, and then continuously crushing the small particles to obtain particles with the particle size of less than 3 mm; ti3SiC2Weighing powder respectively accounting for 40% and 60% of NiAl, placing the powder and NiAl in a ball milling tank, injecting absolute ethyl alcohol with the same volume, ball milling for 6 hours at a rotating speed of 320r/min, wherein the ball material ratio is 5:1, uniformly mixing the powder, compacting and molding, placing the composite powder in a drying oven, drying at the temperature of 110 ℃ for 6 hours, then placing the powder in a graphite grinding tool coated with boron nitride for cold pressing at the pressure of 320MPa and the pressure maintaining time of 60s, cold pressing in a graphite grinding tool coated with boron nitride, carrying out hot pressing sintering in a vacuum sintering furnace under the protection of argon gas, heating at the rate of 20 ℃/min, keeping the sintering temperature of 1450 ℃, keeping the temperature for 6 hours, cooling along with the furnace, and preparing a block NiAl-Ti3SiC2The tribological performance of the composite material is tested on a UMT high-temperature friction tester, and the wear rate of the composite material at 750 ℃ is 7.6 × 10-5mm3N.m, coefficient of friction 0.21.
Example 4
According to the molar ratio of different elements, Ti: si: TiC ═Weighing Ti powder, Si powder and TiC powder at a ratio of 8:1 in a ratio of 1:1:2.1, placing the powder in a ball milling tank, sealing, and ball milling for 5 hours on a planetary ball mill at a rotating speed of 40 r/min; screening the uniform raw material powder by a 110-mesh sieve; placing in a graphite mold with thickness of 80mm and coated with boron nitride, applying a unidirectional load of 8MPa in the direction perpendicular to the sample, press-forming, drying in a drying oven for 3h, placing the blank in a vacuum sintering furnace, heating to 1300 ℃ at a heating rate of 12 ℃/min, keeping the temperature for 22min, sintering under no pressure in a protective atmosphere, cooling to room temperature along with the furnace to obtain loose Ti block3SiC2A ceramic; mixing Ti3SiC2Putting the ceramic into a jaw crusher, crushing the ceramic into 8mm small particles, and then continuously crushing the small particles to obtain particles smaller than 2 mm; ti3SiC2Weighing powder respectively accounting for 30% and 70% of NiAl, placing the powder and NiAl in a ball milling tank, injecting absolute ethyl alcohol with the same volume, ball milling for 5 hours at a rotating speed of 310r/min, wherein the ball material ratio is 4:1, uniformly mixing the powder, compacting and molding, placing the composite powder in a drying oven, drying at 108 ℃ for 5 hours, then placing the powder in a graphite grinding tool coated with boron nitride for cold pressing at a pressure of 310MPa and a dwell time of 50s, cold pressing in a graphite grinding tool coated with boron nitride, hot pressing and sintering in a vacuum sintering furnace under the protection of argon, wherein the heating rate is 18 ℃/min, the sintering temperature is 1400 ℃, continuously preserving heat for 5 hours, cooling along with the furnace, and preparing a block NiAl-Ti3SiC2The tribological performance of the composite material is tested on a UMT high-temperature friction tester, and the wear rate of the composite material at 750 ℃ is 5.9 × 10-5mm3N.m, coefficient of friction 0.18.
By comparing the four examples, it can be seen that with Ti3SiC2The content is increased within a certain range, the wear rate and the friction coefficient of the prepared composite material are reduced, the wear resistance is improved, and the Ti content in the composite material is increased within a certain range3SiC2When the content is 30%, excellent comprehensive performance is obtained. Compared with the traditional high-temperature material, the material has good self-lubricating property due to the self-adaptive effect. Provides theoretical basis and technical guarantee for the high-temperature high-strength lubricating material urgently required by high and new technology industries such as aviation, aerospace, nuclear industry and the like in China,the requirements of rapid development in national defense high-tech fields such as aero-engines, thermal power machinery high-temperature bearings and the like are met.
The above-mentioned contents are only for illustrating the technical idea of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereby, and any modification made on the basis of the technical idea of the present invention falls within the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims (2)

1. A preparation method of MAX phase enhanced nickel-based high-temperature lubricating composite material is characterized in that Ti powder, Si powder and TiC powder are mechanically mixed, and the ball-to-material ratio of the mechanical mixing of the Ti powder, the Si powder and the TiC powder is 7: and 1, then placing Ti powder, Si powder and TiC powder in a ball milling tank for sealing, and carrying out ball milling for 4h at the rotating speed of 50r/min, wherein the molar ratio of the Ti powder to the Si powder to the TiC powder is 1:1:2, pressing and forming the Ti powder, the Si powder and the TiC powder which are uniformly mixed, and specifically comprising the following steps: screening the uniformly mixed Ti powder, Si powder and TiC powder through a 120-mesh sieve; placing in a 60mm graphite mold coated with boron nitride, applying a 10MPa unidirectional load in a direction perpendicular to a sample, performing compression molding, drying for 2h, placing the blank in a vacuum sintering furnace, heating to 1350 ℃ at a heating rate of 12 ℃/min, preserving heat for 15min, sintering under a protective atmosphere and no pressure, and cooling to room temperature along with the furnace to obtain loose bulk Ti3SiC2Ceramics, then on the prepared loose bulk Ti3SiC2The ceramic is crushed and ball-milled to obtain Ti3SiC2The ceramic powder is crushed and specifically comprises the following steps: loose bulk Ti3SiC2Putting the ceramic into a jaw crusher to obtain powder particles with the particle size of less than 2 mm; the ball milling treatment specifically comprises the following steps: and (3) mixing the crushed particles with ball milling beads according to a ball material ratio (3-5): 1, taking, putting the mixture and NiAl powder into a ball milling tank, injecting absolute ethyl alcohol with the same volume, and carrying out ball milling for 4 hours at the rotating speed of 300 r/min; then sieving the Ti3SiC2The powder and the NiAl powder are mechanically mixed, and pressed into a blank for forming, and the method specifically comprises the following steps: placing the ball-milled composite powder in a drying oven for drying at 105 ℃ for 5h, and then placing the powder in a graphite grinding tool coated with boron nitride for cold pressingThe pressure is 300MPa, and the pressure maintaining time is 40 s; after the pressed compact is formed, hot-pressing sintering is carried out under the protection of argon, the heating rate is 15 ℃/min, the sintering temperature is 1300 ℃, heat preservation is continuously carried out for 4h, and the block NiAl-Ti is prepared by furnace cooling3SiC2Composite material, bulk NiAl-Ti3SiC2NiAl and Ti in composite material3SiC2Has a phase content of 80% and 20%, respectively, and the wear rate of the composite material at 750 ℃ is 8.0 × 10-5mm3N.m, coefficient of friction 0.26.
2. Use of a MAX phase reinforced nickel based high temperature lubrication composite prepared according to the process of claim 1 in high thrust to weight ratio aircraft engine turbine shafts, foil air bearings, thermo-mechanical high temperature bearings, cylinder liners, shaft sleeves.
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